Scribd
Upload
85 views10 pages

Hi 03 Two Streams - PR

This document discusses analyzing heat integration between two streams using a temperature vs enthalpy diagram. It explains that the minimum temperature difference, ΔTmin, between the hot and cold streams determines how much heat can be recovered in an optimal heat exchanger. A lower ΔTmin allows for more heat recovery but requires a larger or more expensive heat exchanger. The document also introduces the concepts of defining energy targets and utility levels to quantify the minimum heating, cooling, and maximum heat recovery between the streams.

Uploaded by

idm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
85 views10 pages

Hi 03 Two Streams - PR

This document discusses analyzing heat integration between two streams using a temperature vs enthalpy diagram. It explains that the minimum temperature difference, ΔTmin, between the hot and cold streams determines how much heat can be recovered in an optimal heat exchanger. A lower ΔTmin allows for more heat recovery but requires a larger or more expensive heat exchanger. The document also introduces the concepts of defining energy targets and utility levels to quantify the minimum heating, cooling, and maximum heat recovery between the streams.

Uploaded by

idm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

HEAT INTEGRATION

Analysis
3. The two-streams problem

Heat Integration – UVa | Analysis 03. The two-streams problem 1


Outline

The problem
A simple project
Heat recovering basics
Temperature vs. enthalpy diagram
Minimum temperature difference
Energy targets

Heat Integration – UVa | Analysis 03. The two-streams problem 2


The problem
We try to find an optimal set of thermal contacts:
Minimum heating and cooling
optimal H.E.N. (investment, operation and control...)
Two aspects of this problem:
Conditions of one/each contact
Different sets of contacts
In this theme we tackle :
Variables and conditions that influence a single thermal contact...
... between two streams
Using a simple heat integration project

Heat Integration – UVa | Analysis 03. The two-streams problem 3


A simple heat integration project

One hot and one cold stream in a A new heat exchanger is needed
process plant. How much heat (investment)
can be recovered from-hot-to-
cold? Heating and cooling heat flows
change (decreasing, even
Supply and target temperatures disappearing).
must be maintained (no changes
in PFD) Savings in heating and cooling
are equal

Heat Integration – UVa | Analysis 03. The two-streams problem 4


Heat recovering basics (I)
Think in a conceptual counter-current heat exchanger, where

the thermal contact between the hot and cold streams takes place
The duty equals the enthalpy flow leaving the hot stream
q˙ex = m˙ H C PH [ T H2−T HS ] = ṁC C PC [ T C2 −T CS ]
and is the same (1st Law, no sign) that reaches the cold stream

For the heat to flow spontaneously (2nd Law)


Gradients at hot side (THS-TC2) and cold side (TH2-TCS) must be ≥ 0

for real contacts (non-infinite transfer area) ⟶ gradients > 0

Heat Integration – UVa | Analysis 03. The two-streams problem 5


Temperature vs. enthalpy diagram (I)
Heat exchanger operating conditions are best understood on the
T vs. ΔH diagram
The slope is the product mCp
(mass flow times heat
capacity, 'thermal inertia', [=]
W/°C) and is determined
(fixed) by Ts and heat flow
(ΔH) of the stream
mCp is taken as constant for
each stream for the sake of
simplicity. This makes the
streams straight lines (not
necessary)
Taking the sign of the slope
as positive is a just a
convention
Hot and cold streams can not
be distinguished except by
the arrowheads

Heat Integration – UVa | Analysis 03. The two-streams problem 6


Temperature vs. enthalpy diagram (II)

y-intercept of a stream can be


whatever, because enthalpy
has no absolute value

Therefore streams can scroll


horizontally to either side
without changing size (ΔH) or
height (TS and TT)

Minimum temperature
difference (here ΔTA) can
occurs at the hot or at the cold
end, depending on the slopes

Heat Integration – UVa | Analysis 03. The two-streams problem 7


Minimum temperature difference
Then, How much heat can be recovered from-hot-to-cold? clearly, it
depends on the
Minimum temperature difference (ΔTmin) or Approach temperature

(Note that the cold stream had scrolled horizontally)


The greater ΔTmin , the lower heat recovery...
... and the greater heating and cooling

Heat Integration – UVa | Analysis 03. The two-streams problem 8


Heat recovering basics (II)

Also: the greater ΔTmin , the smaller heat exchanger area


q˙ex
q˙ex = U A T ln  A =
U  T ln

[U: overall heat transfer coefficient, A: heat transfer area, (ΔT)ln: logarithmic
mean temperature difference]
As ΔTA (and ΔTB) increases, duty decreases, and A becomes smaller

Minimum temperature difference (ΔTmin ) will be a crucial parameter in


every heat integration project
ΔTmin value must be chosen (by the designer) and comes from a
compromise between investment costs and energy savings

Heat Integration – UVa | Analysis 03. The two-streams problem 9


Energy targets
For a concrete value
ΔTmin = ΔTA

and if heat transfer is correct


Minimum heating : qH
Minimum cooling : qC
Max. heat recovery : qex

Utility levels defined:


Heating from TC2 to TCT
Cooling from TH2 to THT

Energy targets
Without detailed design

Heat Integration – UVa | Analysis 03. The two-streams problem 10

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy