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Bridgman's Thermodynamic Equations: From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

The document discusses Bridgman's thermodynamic equations, which are a set of relationships between thermodynamic quantities. The equations relate extensive variables like entropy and volume to intensive properties like temperature and pressure. The equations allow expressions of various thermodynamic equations in terms of partial derivatives of thermodynamic potentials.

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29 views4 pages

Bridgman's Thermodynamic Equations: From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

The document discusses Bridgman's thermodynamic equations, which are a set of relationships between thermodynamic quantities. The equations relate extensive variables like entropy and volume to intensive properties like temperature and pressure. The equations allow expressions of various thermodynamic equations in terms of partial derivatives of thermodynamic potentials.

Uploaded by

lotanna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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10/23/2016 Bridgman's thermodynamic equations ­ Wikipedia

Bridgman's thermodynamic equations
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In thermodynamics, Bridgman's thermodynamic equations are a basic set of thermodynamic equations, derived
using a method of generating a large number of thermodynamic identities involving a number of thermodynamic
quantities. The equations are named after the American physicist Percy Williams Bridgman. (See also the exact
differential article for general differential relationships).

The extensive variables of the system are fundamental. Only the entropy S , the volume V  and the four most
common thermodynamic potentials will be considered. The four most common thermodynamic potentials are:

Internal energy U
Enthalpy H
Helmholtz free energy A
Gibbs free energy G

The first derivatives of the internal energy with respect to its (extensive) natural variables S  and V  yields the
intensive parameters of the system ­ The pressure P  and the temperature T . For a simple system in which the
particle numbers are constant, the second derivatives of the thermodynamic potentials can all be expressed in terms
of only three material properties

heat capacity (constant pressure) CP
Coefficient of thermal expansion α
Isothermal compressibility βT

Bridgman's equations are a series of relationships between all of the above quantities.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Bridgman's thermodynamic equations
3 See also
4 References

Introduction
Many thermodynamic equations are expressed in terms of partial derivatives. For example, the expression for the
heat capacity at constant pressure is:

which is the partial derivative of the enthalpy with respect to temperature while holding pressure constant. We may
write this equation as:

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10/23/2016 Bridgman's thermodynamic equations ­ Wikipedia

This method of rewriting the partial derivative was described by Bridgman (and also Lewis & Randall), and allows
the use of the following collection of expressions to express many thermodynamic equations. For example from
the equations below we have:

and

Dividing, we recover the proper expression for CP.

The following summary restates various partial terms in terms of the thermodyamic potentials, the state parameters
S, T, P, V, and the following three material properties which are easily measured experimentally.

Bridgman's thermodynamic equations
Note that Lewis and Randall use F and E for the Gibbs energy and internal energy, respectively, rather than G and
U which are used in this article.

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10/23/2016 Bridgman's thermodynamic equations ­ Wikipedia

See also
Table of thermodynamic equations

References
Bridgman, P.W. (1914). "A Complete Collection of Thermodynamic Formulas". Physical Review. 3 (4):
273–281. Bibcode:1914PhRv....3..273B. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.3.273.
Lewis, G.N.; Randall, M. (1961). Thermodynamics (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw­Hill Book Company.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Bridgman%27s_thermodynamic_equations&oldid=618740317"

Categories:  Thermodynamic equations Equations

This page was last modified on 27 July 2014, at 23:44.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply.
By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark
of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non­profit organization.

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