ESc201 : Introducton to Electronics

Dept. of Electrical Engineering

IIT Kanpur

1
Recap: Frequency domain analysis

Transfer function is a useful tool for finding the frequency

response of a system

Linear System
X() Y()

Phasor (V or I) Phasor (V or I)

Y ( )
Transfer Function: H ( ) 
X ( )

Transfer function has a magnitude and a phase

2
Recap: How to determine the transfer function?
R
VO

VS 0 1/jC

V0 ( j )
H ( j )  H ( j ) 
1
VS ( j ) 1  jRC
1
H ( j )   ( )   tan (CR)
1

1  RC 
2
3
Recap: Plot Magnitude H ( j ) 
1
1  RC 
2

H dB  20 log10 1  RC 

2

3dB 
1   
H dB  20 log10 1   
RC  3dB 
  3dB H dB  20 log10 1  0

  
  3dB H dB  20 log10  
 3dB  4
   
  3dB H dB  20 log10  
 3dB 
 HdB
3dB 0
10 3dB -20 -20 dB per decade
100 3dB -40
log10 10  1

5
3dB point 1
3dB 
RC
10
corner frequency or half
HdB power frequency
0  HdB
3dB 0
-10 10 3dB -20
100 3dB -40
-20

2
-30   
H dB  20 log10 1   
 3dB 
-40 1 2 3 4 5
10 10 10 10  (rad/s) 10
6
Example
10
H ( j )  3dB  10 3
1  j10 3
  
2

H dB  20  20 log10 1  3 
 10 
  10 : 0dB
3

HdB 
  10 : 20 log10
3
3
20
10

10 3
10 4 
-20dB/decade

7
 
0.1KHz 10KHz
 1
H ( ) 
1  jCR

 H ( ) 
1

1
1  j10  3 1  j 
0.1KHz 10KHz 103
 1
H ( ) 
1  jCR

 H ( ) 
1

1
1  j10  3 1  j 
0.1KHz 10KHz 103
H ( ) (dB)

103 

-20dB/decade
 1
H ( ) 
1  jCR

 H ( ) 
1

1
1  j10  3 1  j 
0.1KHz 10KHz 103
H ( ) (dB)
VO (t ) 1Sin(100t )  0.1Sin(104 t )

103 

-20dB/decade
 -20dB/decade

-40dB/decade

10
Adding more RC stages, makes the characteristics sharper

11
Sketching of Transfer function: 10 1
H ( )  
Bode Magnitude Plot  
1 j 3
1 j
10 104
 
20Log10 ( H ( ) )  20  20 Log10 (1  ( 3 ) )  20 Log10 (1  ( 4 ) 2 )
2

10 10

H ( ) (dB)

20
-20dB/decade
104
103 
-20dB/decade
-20dB/decade
-40dB/decade
12
Sketching of Transfer function
Bode Magnitude Plot 10 1 1
H ( )   
  
1 j 3
1 j 4
1 j
10 10 105
  
20Log10 ( H ( ) )  20  20 Log10 (1  ( 3 ) 2 )  20 Log10 (1  ( 4 ) 2 )  20 Log10 (1  ( 5 ) 2 )
10 10 10

H ( ) (dB)

20
-20dB/decade
10 4 105
103 
-20dB/decade
-20dB/decade
-40dB/decade

-60dB/decade
13
 H ( )  ( j )
Bode Magnitude Plot N

20Log10 ( H ( ) )  20 N  Log10 ()

H ( ) (dB)

20N dB/decade

1 

14
Determine transfer function?
C 1 VO ( )
jC H ( ) 
vO(t) VS ( )
vS jCR
R H ( ) 
1  jCR

j ( / 3dB ) 1 1
H ( )  3dB = ; f 3dB =
1  j ( / 3dB ) RC 2 RC
  2
20Log10 ( H ( ) )  20log10 ( )  20log10 (1  ( ) )
3dB 3dB

15
 Bode Magnitude Plot

  2
20Log10 ( H ( ) )  20log10 ( )  20log10 (1  ( ) )
3dB 3dB
H ( ) (dB)
20 dB/decade

3dB

-20 dB/decade

High Pass Filter

16
 1
f 3dB   103 Hz
2 RC

High Pass Filter 17