SCREW CONVEYOR (SC-01)

Fungsi : Mengangkut Na2SO4 dari Rotay drum vaccum filter ke unit pengolahan limbah
Jenis : Helicoid screw conveyor

Komponen massa (kg/jam) ρ (kg/ltr) Vol (ltr/jam)

NH4Cl 12.57 1.527 8.23
Na2SO4 8,331.14 2.698 3,087.89
(NH4)2SO4 0.49 1.769 0.28
NaCl 0.19 2.163 0.09
H2SO4 0.00 1.8205 0.00
H2O 905.53 1 905.53
Total 9,249.91 10.98 4,002.02

laju alir massa = 9,249.91 kg/jam

20392.6778 lb/jam
faktor keamanan = 10 %
densitas = 10.98 kg/L
685.301370291 lb/ft3
laju volumetrik = 29.7572406 ft3/jam

kapasitas design = 35.7086887 ft3/jam 11.0999 ton/jam

0.59514481 ft/menit

Power yang dibbutuhkan =

(Badger & Banchero, 1988:713)
C x L xW x F
Hp 
33000
dimana :
C = Kapasitas screw conveyor (ft3/min)
L = Panjang screw conveyor (ft) = 15 ft 4.5720556 m
W = Berat material/densitas (lbm/ft3)
F = faktor material = 2 (Badger & Banchero, tabel 16-6 hal 711)

Hp = 0.7415519189 hp
 (Badger & Banchero, 1988:71
effisiensi motor = 80%
P= 0.9269398986 hp (Tabel 21-6, Perry's, 1999)

dipakai daya = 1.27 hp

spesifikasi Screw Conveyor (Tabel 21-6, Perry's, 1999) :

Kapasitas Screw : 15 ton/jam
kecepatan srew : 45 rpm
diameter flights : 12 in
diameter pipa : 2.5 in 0.0635 m
diameter shaft : 2 in
daya motor : 1.27 hp
panjang screw : 15 ft 4.572056 m

SCREW CONVEYOR (SC-02)

Fungsi : Mengangkut Nh4Cldari centrifuge ke rotary dry

Jenis : Helicoid screw conveyor

Komponen massa (kg/jam) ρ (kg/ltr) Vol (ltr/jam)

NH4Cl 4,013.04 1.527 2,628.05
Na2SO4 8.31 2.698 3.08
(NH4)2SO4 0.14 1.769 0.08
NaCl 0.12 2.163 0.06
H2SO4 3.12 1.8205 1.71
H2O 434.09 1 434.09
Total 4,458.82 10.98 3,067.07

laju alir massa = 4,458.82 kg/jam

9830.06116 lb/jam
faktor keamanan = 20 %
densitas = 10.98 kg/L
24.2013712824 lb/ft3
laju volumetrik = 406.177858 ft3/jam
kapasitas design = 487.41343 ft3/jam 5.350581 ton/jam
8.12355717 ft/menit

Power yang dibbutuhkan =

C x L xW x F (Badger & Banchero, 1988:713)
Hp 
33000
dimana :
C = Kapasitas screw conveyor (ft3/min)
L = Panjang screw conveyor (ft) = 15 ft
W = Berat material/densitas (lbm/ft3)
F = faktor material = 2 (Badger & Banchero, tabel 16-6 hal 711)

Hp = 0.3574567694 hp

(Badger & Banchero, 1988:71

effisiensi motor = 80%
P= 0.4468209617 hp (Tabel 21-6, Perry's, 1999)

dipakai daya = 0.85 hp

spesifikasi Screw Conveyor (Tabel 21-6, Perry's, 1999) :

Kapasitas Screw : 10 ton/jam
kecepatan srew : 55 rpm
diameter flights : 10 in
diameter pipa : 2.5 in
diameter shaft : 2 in
daya motor : 0.85 hp
panjang screw : 15 ft 4.572056
 1 gr/cc = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb/ft3 = 16.0185 kg/m3
= 0.0160185 kg/ltr
1 kg/ltr = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb = 0.45359 kg
1 kg = 2.2046 lb/ft3
1 cp = 0.0006720 lb/ft s
1m = 3.2808 ft 39.37 in
1in = 0.0833324867 ft
1 psi = 6.89E+04 dyn/cm2
dyn/cm2 = 2.09E-03 lb/ft2
1 HP = 550 ft lbf / s
1 kg = 2.2046 lbm
1 gallon = 3.7854 ltr
1ft3 = 28.317 ltr
1 btu = 252.16 cal
1ft3 = 7.481 gal
1atm = 1013253.9296 dyn/cm2 2116.282 lbf/ft2
1atm = 14.696 psia 1 lb/in2
1 psia

1 gr/cc = 62.43 lb/ft3

1 lb/ft3 = 16.0185 kg/m3
= 0.0160185 kg/ltr
1 kg/ltr = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb = 0.45359 kg
1 kg = 2.2046 lb/ft3
hero, tabel 16-6 hal 711) 1 cp = 0.0006720 lb/ft s
1m = 3.2808 ft 39.37 in
1in = 0.0833324867 ft
1 psi = 6.89E+04 dyn/cm2
dyn/cm2 = 2.09E-03 lb/ft2
(Badger & Banchero, 1988:713) 1 HP = 550 ft lbf / s
1 kg = 2.2046 lbm
1 gallon = 3.7854 ltr
1ft3 = 28.317 ltr 0.028317 m3
1 btu = 252.16 cal
1ft3 = 7.481 gal
1atm = 1013253.9296 dyn/cm2 2116.282 lbf/ft2
1atm = 14.696 psia 1 lb/in2
1 psia
hero, tabel 16-6 hal 711)

(Badger & Banchero, 1988:713)

Hopper (HP-01)
fungsi : menampung (NH4)2SO4 dan mengumpankannya ke tangki pelarutan (MT-01)
kondisi : T :30 oC
P : 1 atm
Bahan konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA-283 grade C tipe 316

gambar. Conical hopper

menentukan kapasitas hopper

diketahui :
Bulk density Ammonium sulfat : 110.4332 lb/ft3 1768.974 kg/m3

laju alir massa : 17761.97 kg/jam

faktor keamana : 20%
kapasitas design = 21314.37 kg/jam
46990.38 lb/jam

laju alir volumetrik umpan (Q) = 425.5096 ft3/jam

diasumsikan laju alir volumetrik umpan=volume hopper =
Volume hopper = 425.5096 ft3

menentukan dimensi storage

karena jenis hopper yang digunakan adalah jenis conical, makan volume hopper = volume conical (Vhopper = Vconical).

volume dan tinggi conical memakai persamaan ( hal 627, Wallas, 1988 ) :

Vtotal = Vshell + Vkonis terpacung

V shell = ¼ x π x D2 x H
Vconis = π x h/12 x ( D2 + D.d + d2 )

V hopper = 0,131 x (D3 – d3)

425.509559383 = 0.131 x (D3 - (0,25D)3)
425.509559383 = 0.131 D3 - 0.002047 D3
D3 = 3299.726 ft3
D = 14.88764 ft
5.669215 m

d =1/4 x D = 3.721911 ft
1.417304 m

Thopper = 0,5 x (D-d)

2.125955 m
5.582866 ft

Pabs = P operasi+P hidrostatis

Phidrostatik = 36855.45 kg/ms2 0.000145
5.344041 psi
Pdesign = 20.04404 psi

over design = 10%

Pdesign = 22.04844 psi

diketahui :
f= 12650 psi
E= 0.8
C= 0.125
a 0.525322

Tebal hopper
P D
th  tc  C
2 cos a ( f  E  0,6 P )

th = tc = 0.155913

sehingga digunakan tebal standar = 3/16 in = 0.1875 in

Hopper (HP-02)
fungsi : menampung (NH4)2SO4 dan mengumpankannya ke tangki pelarutan (MT-01)
kondisi : T :30 oC
P : 1 atm
Bahan konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA-283 grade C tipe 316
 gambar. Conical hopper

menentukan kapasitas hopper

diketahui :
Bulk density Natrium klorida : 171.53 lb/ft3 10.71 kg/m3

laju alir massa : 6912.49 kg/jam

faktor keamana : 20%
kapasitas design = 8294.988 kg/jam
18287.41 lb/jam

laju alir volumetrik umpan (Q) = 106.6165 ft3/jam

diasumsikan laju alir volumetrik umpan=volume hopper =
Volume hopper = 106.6165 ft3

menentukan dimensi storage

karena jenis hopper yang digunakan adalah jenis conical, makan volume hopper = volume conical (Vhopper = Vconical).

volume dan tinggi conical memakai persamaan ( hal 627, Wallas, 1988 ) :

Vtotal = Vshell + Vkonis terpacung

V shell = ¼ x π x D2 x H
Vconis = π x h/12 x ( D2 + D.d + d2 )

V hopper = 0,131 x (D3 – d3)

106.616467741 = 0.131 x (D3 - (0,25D)3)
106.616467741 = 0.131 D3 - 0.002047 D3
D3 = 826.7855 ft3
D = 9.385648 ft
3.574055 m

d =1/4 x D = 2.346412 ft
0.893514 m

Thopper = 0,5 x (D-d)

 1.340271 m
3.519618 ft

Pabs = P operasi+P hidrostatis

Phidrostatik = 140.6451 kg/ms2 0.000145
0.020394 psi
Pdesign = 14.72039 psi

over design = 10%

Pdesign = 16.19243 psi

diketahui :
f= 12650 psi
E= 0.8
C= 0.125
a 0.525322

Tebal hopper
P D
th  tc  C
2 cos a ( f  E  0,6 P )

th = tc = 0.139307

sehingga digunakan tebal standar = 3/16 in = 0.1875 in

hopper = Vconical).
hopper = Vconical).
Storage Silo
Berfungsi : Tempat penyimpanan produk padatan NH4Cl Dimensi tangki
Jumlah 1 buah Vs=1,1775*D
Type silo - silinder vertical dengan alas berbentuk kerucut
Bahan konstruksi Carbon Steel SA 285 Grade C Volume kerucut, Vk
Vk=(1/12)*p*(D^2).Hk
Kondisi operasi tg a = (Hk/1,5D)
Tekanan, P 1.0000 atm Hk = 1,5*D*tg a
Temperatur, T 30.0000 °C a  30°
Densitas,r 1.1496 g/cm3 1149.5700 Kg/m3 Hk= 1,5*D tg 30°
Laju aliran massa, m 4033.2059 Kg/jam Hk=0,866*D
Lama penimpanan, q 168.0000 jam 7.0000 Hari Maka
Vk=0,2266*D^3
Laju aliran umpan = (m/r) Volume total= Vt+Vk
Laju aliran umpan 589.4192 m3 Diameter tangki, Dt = (Vt/1.40410)^1
Dt 7.9568
Kapasitas Tangki=(Laju aliran umpan*q*1,2)
Kapasitas Tangki 707.3030 m3 Tinggi tangki
Over all design » tinggi tangki silinder, Hs
Hs = (3/2)*D
Hs 11.9351
» Tinggi kerucut, Hk
Hk = 0,1312*D
Hk 1.0439
» Tinggi total, Ht
Ht = Hs + Hk
Ht 12.9791
 »

)*p*(D^2).Hk

tangki, Dt = (Vt/1.40410)^1/3
m

gki silinder, Hs

m 22.9659 ft
SILO

fungsi : menampung produk NH4Cl dalam bentuk kristal

jenis : tangki silinder vertical dengan conical bottom head

laju alir massa: 4033.21 kg/jam 8891.743 lb/jam

waktu tinggal : 3 hari 148.1957 lb/menit

W= Wa.waktu tinggal
W= 290390.823 kg

densitas = 1149.57 kg/m3 71.765 lb/cuft

Volume padatan = W/p

252.6082 m3

over design = 20%

V = 303.129855 m3

diambil :
H2=D
H1 = 1,5xD
Do = 1/3xD

H2 = D = 5.94984803 m
19.5202614 ft 20 ft 6.096074 m

H1 = 8.92477205 m 29.28039 ft 29 ft
Do = 1.98328268 m 6.506754 ft 7 ft
H= 49 ft 14.93538 m

tebal silinder (dt) = 1,456x10-4 x (H-1) x D + C (Peter&Timmerhaus,1991)

0.264776 in
sehingga diperoleh tebal silinder = 5/16 in = 0.3125 in (Brownell&Young,1959)
Elevator 1

Fungsi : Mengangkut amonium sulfat NH4Cl dari rotary dryer menuju hopper
Tipe : Spaced – Bucket Centrifugal- Discharge Elevator

laju alir massa = 7795.60 kg/jam 2.165444 kg/s

area bebas = 10%
kapasitas bucket elevator = 1ton
7795 ,60 kg / jam 
1000 kg

kapasitas bucket elevator = 7.795599 ton/jam

kapasitas bucket elevator aktual = 1.1 x 7.795599
8.575159 ton/jam

berdasarkan kapasitas tersebut maka di peroleh spesifikasi bucket elevator : (Perry’s Chemical Engineering Ha
ukuran bucket = 6 x 4 x 4,5 in 0.1524 m
bucket spacing = 12 in 0.3048 m
elevator center = 25 ft
kecepatan bucket = 225 ft/mnt 68.6 m/mnt
putaran poros = 43 rpm
power poros = 1 Hp
rasio daya / tinggi = 0.02

power yang di ginakan , P =

P = (tinggi elevator +rasio daya/tinggi) + Power poros

= ( 6 ft x 0.02) + 1
= 1.12 HP

efesiensi motor = 80%

tenaga motor = 1.4 HP

elevator 2

Fungsi : Mengangkut natrium clorida NaCL dari tempat penyimpanan menuju mixing tank (MT 02)
Tipe : Spaced – Bucket Centrifugal- Discharge Elevator
laju alir massa = 6912.49 kg/jam 1.920136 kg/s
area bebas = 10%
kapasitas bucket elevator =

kapasitas bucket elevator = 6.91249 ton/jam

kapasitas bucket elevator aktual = 1.1 x 6.91249
7.603739 ton/jam

berdasarkan kapasitas tersebut maka di peroleh spesifikasi bucket elevator :

ukuran bucket = 6 x 4 x 4,5 in
bucket spacing = 12 in
elevator center = 25 ft
kecepatan bucket = 225 ft/mnt 68.6 m/mnt
putaran poros = 43 rpm
power poros = 1 Hp
rasio daya / tinggi = 0.02

power yang di ginakan , P =

P = (tinggi elevator +rasio daya/tinggi) + Power poros

= ( 6 ft x 0.02) + 1
= 1.12 HP

efesiensi motor = 80%

tenaga motor = 1.4 HP

elevator 3

Fungsi : Mengangkut ammonium clorida NaCL dari screener menuju silo (S-01)
Tipe : Spaced – Bucket Centrifugal- Discharge Elevator
laju alir massa = 4033.21 kg/jam 1.120335 kg/s
area bebas = 10%
kapasitas bucket elevator =

kapasitas bucket elevator = 4.033206 ton/jam

kapasitas bucket elevator aktual = 1.1 x 4.033206
4.436526 ton/jam

berdasarkan kapasitas tersebut maka di peroleh spesifikasi bucket elevator :

ukuran bucket = 6 x 4 x 4,5 in
bucket spacing = 12 in
elevator center = 25 ft
kecepatan bucket = 225 ft/mnt 68.6 m/mnt
putaran poros = 43 rpm
power poros = 1 Hp
rasio daya / tinggi = 0.02

power yang di ginakan , P =

P = (tinggi elevator +rasio daya/tinggi) + Power poros

= ( 6 ft x 0.02) + 1
= 1.12 HP

efesiensi motor = 80%

tenaga motor = 1.4 HP
Chemical Engineering Handbook 7th edition P. 21-15)
Heater (HE-02)
fungsi : memanaskan larutan (Nh4)2SO4 steam
Jenis :

diketahui :
fluida panas : Saturated steam
laju alir massa (amonium 17761.97 kg/jam 39158.65 lb/jam

T1 : 120 oC 248 oF
T2 : 120 oC 248 oF

Fluida dingin : larutan ammonium sulfat (Nh4)2SO4

t1 : 30 oC 86 oF
t2 : 100 oC 212 oF

Fluida panas Fluida dingin Dif

248 Suhu tinggi 212 36
248 Suhu rendah 86 162

 T 2   T1
 LMTD 
ln(  t 2 /  t 1 )
83.77228477

Tc = Tavg = (T1 + T2)/2 = 248 oF

Tc = tavg = (t1 + t2)/2 = 149 oF

Dari tabel 8, Kern, hal 840 diperoleh untuk fluida heavy organik memiliki harga range UD = 6-60

Asumsi : UD = 60 Btu/jam.ft2.oF Q= 19444908.13 kj/jam

18429883.92 btu/jam
Q
A 
U D   T LMTD

3666.662941 ft2 340.7679 m2

karena A > 200 ft2 digunakan Heat Exchanger tipe shell and cube
diperoleh data :
OD = 3/4 0.75 in 0.062499 ft
BWG = 16
L= 16 ft 6.0928 m

sehingga dari tabel 10 didapat :

Surface per lin (a”) = 0.1963 ft
Flow area per tube = 0.302 in2
Inside, ID = 0.1623 in 0.013525 ft

menghitung jumlah tube

A
N T 
a " L
1167.429617 buah

Dari tabel 9 Kern, pada 3/4 inch OD dan 15/16 in triangular pitch (Pt) didapat Nt yang mendekati adalah 1200

Pt = 15/16 in
Nt = 1200
Odt = 3/4 in on 15/16 in triangular pitch

koreksi A dan Ud
A’ = NT x a” x L = 3768.96 ft2
Q
U D 
A '  T LMTD

58.37 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

Karena nilai Ud perhitungan mendekati dengan nilai Ud asumsi, maka data untuk shell :
ID = 37 in
pass, n = 2
baffle space (B) = 0,2 x ID = 7.4 in 0.61666 ft

Tube : Fluida dingin

flow rate C' =

as =
jumlah tube, Nt = 1200
luas tube, a't = 0.302 ft2
jumlah aliran, n = 2 Gs =
at = Nt.a't/144.n = 1.258333 ft2
kecepatan massa tc =
(μ pada Tc) =
Gt = w/at De =
31119.45846 lb/jam.ft2
Res =
bilangan reynold
tc =tav= 149 oF
μ (pada tc) = 0.05 lb/ft.jam dari fig.28 kern
D= 0.1623 in 0.013525 ft jH =
Ret = D.Gt/μ = 101013.8
Ret untuk penentuan ΔP pada Tc =
p= 113.8902 lb/ft3 c=
Dari fig. 24 kern V= Gt/3600p k=
1
jH = 230 984.5001  Cp .   3
Pr   
 k 
pada tc = 149 oF
c= 0.455 Btu/lb.oF
k= 0.0131 Btu/jam.ft2.oF mencari ho
    cp. μ 
1 ho  j H    
 Cp .   3
 e   
D
Pr   
 k 
ho =
1.201996958

Mencari hi tube wall temperature

1/3 0,14
    cp.μ   μ  Tw  t c 
ho
(Tc  t
hi  j H       (μ/μw )^0,14= 0.41069 hio  ho
D
 e    μ
 w 0 ,14
  
hi = 9.164274907 Btu/jam.ft2.F t    
 w 
hio = hi x (ID/OD) hio =
1.98314909 Btu/jam.ft2.F

Tube wall temperature

ho
Tw  t c  (Tc  t c )
hio  ho
230.3877014 oF

viskositas pas Tw = 230.3877 oF

w  28.8115
0 ,14
  
 s     0,41069
 w 
hio = (hio/фs)фs
1.98314909 Btu/jam.ft2.F

clean overall coefficient, Uc

Uc = hio.ho/(hio+ho)
82.5563835 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

dirt factor, Rd
U C  U D
R 
d U  U D
C

0.00501872 jam.ft2.oF/btu

Rd terhitung > Rd yang diperlukan (0,002), maka memenuhi syarat

PRESSURE DROP

tube side Shell side

Ret = 101013.7622 Res = 4900.603
f= 0.00013 ft2 (fig.26, kern) f= 0.0024
s= 0.96
Gt= 31119.45846 lb/jam.ft2 Number of cross, (N+1)
2
N+1 = 12L/B
f .Gt .L.n 311.3545
Pt 
5,22x1010.D.s.
Ds = 0.013525
0.014473337 psi s= 2.4

v2 2
f G s D s ( N  1)
 0 , 001  Ps 
2g
5, 22 x 10 10 x D e S  s
4.n v 2 0.001571
P r  
s 2g
0.008333333 psi

Pressure Drop (P) terhitung < P yang diizinkan (10 psi) maka memenuhi syarat
 1 gr/cc = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb/ft3 = 16.0185 kg/m3
= 0.0160185 kg/ltr
1 kg/ltr = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb = 0.45359 kg
1 kg = 2.2046 lb/ft3
1 cp = 0.0006720 lb/ft s
1m = 3.2808 ft 39.37 in
1in = 0.0833324867 ft
1 psi = 6.89E+04 dyn/cm2
dyn/cm2 = 2.09E-03 lb/ft2
1 HP = 550 ft lbf / s
1 kg = 2.2046 lbm
1 gallon = 3.7854 ltr
1ft3 = 28.317 ltr
1 btu = 252.16 cal
1ft3 = 7.481 gal
1atm = 1013253.9296 dyn/cm2 2116.282 lbf/ft2
1atm = 14.696 psia 1 lb/in2
nge UD = 6-60 1 psia

1 gr/cc = 62.43 lb/ft3

1 lb/ft3 = 16.0185 kg/m3
= 0.0160185 kg/ltr
1 kg/ltr = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb = 0.45359 kg
1 kg = 2.2046 lb/ft3
 1 cp = 0.0006720 lb/ft s
1m = 3.2808 ft 39.37 in
1in = 0.0833324867 ft
1 psi = 6.89E+04 dyn/cm2
dyn/cm2 = 2.09E-03 lb/ft2
1 HP = 550 ft lbf / s
1 kg = 2.2046 lbm
1 gallon = 3.7854 ltr
1ft3 = 28.317 ltr 0.028317 m3
1 btu = 252.16 cal 0.9478 btu
1ft3 = 7.481 gal
1atm = 1013253.9296 dyn/cm2 2116.282 lbf/ft2
1atm = 14.696 psia 1 lb/in2
1 psia

Nt yang mendekati adalah 1200

kebutuhan steam
w= 7187.517401 kg/jam
15845.846251 lb/jam

Shell : fluida panas

Pt-Odt = 0.25
ID x C' X B / 144 x P
0.950694444 ft2

w/as
16667.6542 lb/jam.ft2
 tav = 149 oF
(μ pada Tc) = 0.046 lb/ft.hr
0.013524863 ft

De.Gs/μ
4900.602885

dari fig.28 kern

350

248 oF
0.475 Btu/lb.oFk 0.0711
0.0131 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
1
 Cp .   3
Pr   
 k 
1.185932712

mencari ho
1/3 0,14
    cp. μ   μ 
ho  j H      
 De     μw 
165.112767 Btu/jam.ft2.F

tube wall temperature

ho
Tw  t c  (Tc  t c )
hio  ho
0 ,14
  
t     1.0546
 w 
(ho/фs)фs
165.112767 btu/jam.ft2.oF
 ft2/in2 (fig.29, kern)

of cross, (N+1)

ft

2
f G s D s ( N  1)

5,22 x 10 10 x D e S  s
psi

) maka memenuhi syarat

 HEATER

Heater (HE-02)
fungsi : memanaskan larutan NaCl dengan steam
Jenis : shell and tube

diketahui :
fluida panas : Saturated steam
laju alir massa : 25859.95 kg/jam 57011.73 lb/jam

T1 : 120 oC 248 oF
T2 : 120 oC 248 oF

Fluida dingin : larutan NaCl

t1 : 30 oC 86 oF
t2 : 100 oC 212 oF

Fluida panas Fluida dingin Dif

248 Suhu tinggi 212 36
248 Suhu rendah 86 162

 T 2   T1
 LMTD 
ln(  t 2 /  t 1 )
83.7722847708

Tc = Tavg = (T1 + T2)/2 = 248 oF

Tc = tavg = (t1 + t2)/2 = 149 oF

Dari tabel 8, Kern, hal 840 diperoleh untuk fluida heavy organik memiliki harga range UD = 6-60

Asumsi : UD = 60 Btu/jam.ft2.oF Q= 3597647.36 kj/jam

3409850.172 btu/jam
Q
A 
U D   T LMTD

678.396636186 ft2 63.04801 m2

karena A > 200 ft2 digunakan Heat Exchanger tipe shell and cube
diperoleh data :
OD = 3/4 0.75 in 0.062499 ft
BWG = 16
L= 16 ft

sehingga dari tabel 10 didapat :

Surface per lin (a”) = 0.1963 ft
Flow area per tube = 0.302 in2
Inside, ID = 0.1623 in 0.013525 ft

menghitung jumlah tube

A
N T 
a " L
215.9948536 buah

Dari tabel 9 Kern, pada 3/4 inch OD dan 15/16 in triangular pitch (Pt) didapat Nt yang mendekati adalah 224

Pt = 15/16 in
Nt = 224
Odt = 3/4 in on 15/16 in triangular pitch

0.9375
koreksi A dan Ud 0.75
A’ = NT x a” x L = 703.5392 ft2 0.1875
Q
U D 
A '  T LMTD

57.86 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

Karena nilai Ud perhitungan mendekati dengan nilai Ud asumsi, maka data untuk shell :
ID = 69 in
pass, n = 2
baffle space (B) = 0,2 x ID = 13.8 in 1.149988 ft

Tube : Fluida dingin

flow rate C' =

as =
jumlah tube, Nt = 224
luas tube, a't = 0.302 ft2
jumlah aliran, n = 2 Gs =
at = Nt.a't/144.n = 0.23488889 ft2

kecepatan massa tc =
(μ pada Tc) =
Gt = w/at De =
 242717.849783 lb/jam.ft2
Res =
bilangan reynold
tc =tav= 149 oF
μ (pada tc) = 0.0067 lb/ft.jam dari fig.28 kern
D= 0.1623 in 0.013525 ft jH =
Ret = D.Gt/μ = 489959.04
Ret untuk penentuan ΔP pada Tc =
p= 113.8902 lb/ft3 c=
Dari fig. 24 kern V= Gt/3600p k=
jH = 330 7678.66  Cp .  
Pr   
 k 
pada tc = 149 oF
c= 0.75 Btu/lb.oF
k= 0.185 Btu/jam.ft2.oF mencari ho
  
1 ho  j H   
 Cp .   3
D
Pr     e 
 k 
ho =
0.3005994022

Mencari hi tube wall temperature

1/3 0,14
    cp.μ   μ  Tw  t c 
ho
hi  j H       (μ/μw )^0,14= 0.75040 hio  h
D
 e     μw  0 ,14
  
hi = 84.8492653439 Btu/jam.ft .F 2
t    

 w
hio = hi x (ID/OD) hio =
18.3613810204 Btu/jam.ft2.F

Tube wall temperature

ho
Tw  t c  (Tc  t c )
hio  ho
230.387701414 oF

viskositas pas Tw = 230.387701 oF

w  0.0052272
0 ,14
  
 s     0,7504
 w 
hio = (hio/фs)фs
18.3613810204 Btu/jam.ft2.F

clean overall coefficient, Uc

Uc = hio.ho/(hio+ho)
 129.295249134 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

dirt factor, Rd
U C  U D
R 
d U  U D
C

0.0095501262 jam.ft2.oF/btu

Rd terhitung > Rd yang diperlukan (0,002), maka memenuhi syarat

PRESSURE DROP

tube side Shell side

Ret = 489959.039615 Res = 9742.967
f= 0.00012 ft2 (fig.26, kern) f= 0.00093
s= 0.96
Gt= 242717.849783 lb/jam.ft2 Number of cross, (N+1)
2
N+1 = 12L/B
f .Gt .L.n 166.9582
Pt 
5,22x1010.D.s.
Ds = 0.013525
0.8127293262 psi s= 2.4
v2 2
f G s D s ( N  1)
 0 , 001 (fig.27,kern)  Ps 
2g
5, 22 x 10 10 x D e S 
4.n v 2 0.001243
P r  
s 2g
0.0083333333 psi

Pressure Drop (P) terhitung < P yang diizinkan (10 psi) maka memenuhi syarat
 1 gr/cc = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb/ft3 = 16.0185 kg/m3
= 0.0160185 kg/ltr
1 kg/ltr = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb = 0.45359 kg
1 kg = 2.2046 lb/ft3
1 cp = 0.0006720 lb/ft s
1m = 3.2808 ft 39.37 in
1in = 0.08333249 ft
1 psi = 6.89E+04 dyn/cm2
dyn/cm2 = 2.09E-03 lb/ft2
1 HP = 550 ft lbf / s
1 kg = 2.2046 lbm
1 gallon = 3.7854 ltr
1ft3 = 28.317 ltr
1 btu = 252.16 cal
1ft3 = 7.481 gal
1atm = 1013253.93 dyn/cm2 2116.282 lbf/ft2
1atm = 14.696 psia 1 lb/in2
1 psia

1 gr/cc = 62.43 lb/ft3

1 lb/ft3 = 16.0185 kg/m3
= 0.0160185 kg/ltr
1 kg/ltr = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb = 0.45359 kg
1 kg = 2.2046 lb/ft3
 1 cp = 0.0006720 lb/ft s
1m = 3.2808 ft 39.37 in
1in = 0.08333249 ft
1 psi = 6.89E+04 dyn/cm2
dyn/cm2 = 2.09E-03 lb/ft2
1 HP = 550 ft lbf / s
1 kg = 2.2046 lbm
1 gallon = 3.7854 ltr
1ft3 = 28.317 ltr 0.028317 m3
1 btu = 252.16 cal 0.9478 btu
1ft3 = 7.481 gal
1atm = 1013253.93 dyn/cm2 2116.282 lbf/ft2
1atm = 14.696 psia 1 lb/in2
1 psia

ang mendekati adalah 224

kebutuhan steam
w= 37271.4775 kg/jam
82169.9718 lb/jam

Shell : fluida panas

Pt-Odt = 0.1875
ID x C' X B / 144 x P
2.4796875 ft2

w/as
33137.228686 lb/jam.ft2

tav = 149 oF
(μ pada Tc) = 0.046 lb/ft.hr
0.0135248626 ft
 De.Gs/μ
9742.9666184

dari fig.28 kern

300

248 oF
0.475 Btu/lb.oFk 0.0711
0.0131 Btu/jam.ft . F 2 o
1
 Cp .   3
Pr   
 k 
1.1859327121

mencari ho
1/3 0,14
    cp. μ   μ 
ho  j H      
 De      μw 
258.59049827 Btu/jam.ft2.F

tube wall temperature

ho
Tw  t c  (Tc  t c )
hio  ho
0 ,14
  
t     1.0951

 w
(ho/фs)фs
258.59049827 btu/jam.ft2.oF
 ft2/in2 (fig.29, kern)

of cross, (N+1)

ft

2
f G s D s ( N  1)

5, 22 x 10 10 x D e S  s
psi

maka memenuhi syarat

 HEATER

Heater (HE-03)
fungsi : mendinginkan larutan NH4Cl dari rotary filter menuju evaporator
Jenis : shell and tube

diketahui :
fluida panas : larutan NH4Cl
laju alir massa : 44291.85 kg/jam 97647.33 lb/jam

T1 : 100 oC 212 oF
T2 : 40 oC 104 oF

Fluida dingin : air pendingin

t1 : 30 oC 86 oF
t2 : 40 oC 104 oF

Fluida panas Fluida dingin Dif

212 Suhu tinggi 104 108
104 Suhu rendah 86 18

 T 2   T1
 LMTD 
ln(  t 2 /  t 1 )
50.2299563896

Tc = Tavg = (T1 + T2)/2 = 158 oF

Tc = tavg = (t1 + t2)/2 = 95 oF

Dari tabel 8, Kern, hal 840 diperoleh untuk fluida heavy organik memiliki harga range UD = 5-75

Asumsi : UD = 75 Btu/jam.ft2.oF Q= 21906617.60 kj/jam

20763092.1658 btu/jam
Q
A 
U D   T LMTD

5511.47659238 ft2 512.219 m2

karena A > 200 ft2 digunakan Heat Exchanger tipe shell and cube

diperoleh data :
OD = 3/4 i 0.75 in 0.062499 ft
BWG = 18
L= 30 ft 11.424

sehingga dari tabel 10 didapat :

Surface per lin (a”) = 0.1963 ft
Flow area per tube = 0.334 in2
Inside, ID = 0.652 in 0.054333 ft

menghitung jumlah tube

A
N T 
a " L
935.893461093 buah

Dari tabel 9 Kern, pada 3/4 inch OD dan 15/16 in triangular pitch (Pt) didapat Nt yang mendekati adalah 938

Pt = 15/16 in
Nt = 938
Odt = 3/4 in on 15/16 in triangular pitch

0.9375
koreksi A dan Ud 0.75
A’ = NT x a” x L = 5523.882 ft2 0.1875
Q
U D 
A '  T LMTD

74.83 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

Karena nilai Ud perhitungan mendekati dengan nilai Ud asumsi, maka data untuk shell :
ID = 33 in
pass, n = 2
baffle space (B) = 0,2 x ID = 6.6 in 0.549994 ft

Tube : Fluida dingin

flow rate C' =

as =
jumlah tube, Nt = 938
luas tube, a't = 0.334 ft2
jumlah aliran, n = 2 Gs =
at = Nt.a't/144.n = 1.087819444 ft2

kecepatan massa tc =
(μ pada Tc) =
Gt = w/at De =
89764.2838181 lb/jam.ft2
Res =
bilangan reynold
tc =tav= 95 oF
μ (pada tc) = 0.0361 lb/ft.jam dari fig.28 kern
D= 0.652 in 0.054333 ft jH =
Ret = D.Gt/μ = 135100.92
Ret untuk penentuan ΔP pada Tc =
p= 113.8902 lb/ft3 c=
Dari fig. 24 kern V= Gt/3600p k=
jH = 120 2839.797  Cp . 
Pr  
 k
pada tc = 95 oF
c= 0.75 Btu/lb.oF
k= 0.185 Btu/jam.ft2.oF mencari ho
  
1 ho  j H   
 Cp .   3
D
 e 
Pr   
 k 
ho =
0.5269857991

Mencari hi
1/3 0,14
    cp.μ   μ 
hi  j H       (μ/μw )^0,14= 0.75040
 De     μw  0 ,14
  
hi = 13.4647134811 Btu/jam.ft .F 2
t    
 w 
hio = hi x (ID/OD) hio =
11.7053242529 Btu/jam.ft2.F

w  0.0052272
w 
0 ,14
  
 s     0,7504
 w 
hio = (hio/фs)фs
11.7053242529 Btu/jam.ft2.F

clean overall coefficient, Uc

Uc = hio.ho/(hio+ho)
91.1908287027 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

dirt factor, Rd
U C  U D
R 
d U  U D
C

0.0023973294 jam.ft2.oF/btu

Rd terhitung > Rd yang diperlukan (0,002), maka memenuhi syarat

PRESSURE DROP

tube side Shell side

Ret = 135100.919716 Res = 18707.0828
f= 0.00021 ft2 (fig.26, kern) f= 0.0052
s= 0.96
Gt= 89764.2838181 lb/jam.ft2 Number of cross, (N+1)
2
N+1 = 12L/B
f .Gt .L.n 654.552105
Pt 
5,22x1010.D.s.
Ds = 0.05433278
0.0907945717 psi s= 2.4
v2 2
f G s Ds ( N  1
 0 , 001 (fig.27,kern)  Ps 
2g
5,22 x 10 10 x D e S
4.n v 2 0.00622323
P r  
s 2g
0.0083333333 psi

Pressure Drop (P) terhitung < P yang diizinkan (10 psi) maka memenuhi syarat
 1 gr/cc = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb/ft3 = 16.0185 kg/m3
= 0.0160185 kg/ltr
1 kg/ltr = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb = 0.45359 kg
1 kg = 2.2046 lb/ft3
1 cp = 0.0006720 lb/ft s
1m = 3.2808 ft 39.37 in
1in = 0.08333249 ft
1 psi = 6.89E+04 dyn/cm2
dyn/cm2 = 2.09E-03 lb/ft2
1 HP = 550 ft lbf / s
1 kg = 2.2046 lbm
1 gallon = 3.7854 ltr
1ft3 = 28.317 ltr
1 btu = 252.16 cal
1ft3 = 7.481 gal
1atm = 1013253.93 dyn/cm2 2116.282 lbf/ft2
1atm = 14.696 psia 1 lb/in2
1 psia

1 gr/cc = 62.43 lb/ft3

1 lb/ft3 = 16.0185 kg/m3
= 0.0160185 kg/ltr
 1 kg/ltr = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb = 0.45359 kg
1 kg = 2.2046 lb/ft3
1 cp = 0.0006720 lb/ft s
1m = 3.2808 ft 39.37 in
1in = 0.08333249 ft
1 psi = 6.89E+04 dyn/cm2
dyn/cm2 = 2.09E-03 lb/ft2
1 HP = 550 ft lbf / s
1 kg = 2.2046 lbm
1 gallon = 3.7854 ltr
1ft3 = 28.317 ltr 0.028317 m3
1 btu = 252.16 cal 0.9478 btu
1ft3 = 7.481 gal
1atm = 1013253.93 dyn/cm2 2116.282 lbf/ft2
1atm = 14.696 psia 1 lb/in2
1 psia

endekati adalah 938

kebutuhan air pendingin

w= 1910 kg/jam
4210.85121 lb/jam

Shell : fluida panas

Pt-Odt = 0.1875
ID x C' X B / 144 x P
0.2658691406 ft2
 w/as
15838.059277 lb/jam.ft2

tav = 95 oF
μ pada Tc) = 0.046 lb/ft.hr
0.0543327813 ft

De.Gs/μ
18707.082848

ari fig.28 kern

850

158 oF
0.475 Btu/lb.oFk 0.0711
0.0131 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
1
 Cp .   3
Pr   
 k 
1.1859327121

1/3 0,14
    cp. μ   μ 
ho  j H      
 De     μw 
182.38165741 Btu/jam.ft2.F

0 ,14
  
 t     1.0951
 w 
(ho/фs)фs
182.38165741 btu/jam.ft2.oF
 ft2/in2 (fig.29, kern)

ft

2
f G s D s ( N  1)
5,22 x 10 10 x D e S  s
psi

memenuhi syarat
 HEATER

Heater (HE-04)
fungsi : memanaskan larutan NH4Cl dari rotary filter menuju evaporator
Jenis : shell and tube

diketahui :
fluida panas : satureted steam
laju alir massa : 35035.03 kg/jam 77239.42 lb/jam

T1 : 120 oC 248 oF
T2 : 120 oC 248 oF

Fluida dingin :larutan NH4Cl

t1 : 40 oC 104 oF
t2 : 100 oC 212 oF

Fluida panas Fluida dingin Dif

248 Suhu tinggi 212 36
248 Suhu rendah 104 144

 T 2   T1
 LMTD 
ln(  t 2 /  t 1 )
77.905532208

Tc = Tavg = (T1 + T2)/2 = 248 oF

Tc = tavg = (t1 + t2)/2 = 158 oF

Dari tabel 8, Kern, hal 840 diperoleh untuk fluida heavy organik memiliki harga range UD = 6-60

Asumsi : UD = 60 Btu/jam.ft2.oF Q= 7495770.25 kj/jam

7104491.0473 btu/jam
Q
A 
U D   T LMTD

1519.89442553 ft2 141.2541 m2

karena A > 200 ft2 digunakan Heat Exchanger tipe shell and cube
diperoleh data :
OD = 3/4 0.75 in 0.062499 ft
BWG = 16
L= 16 ft

sehingga dari tabel 10 didapat :

Surface per lin (a”) = 0.1963 ft
Flow area per tube = 0.302 in2
Inside, ID = 0.1623 in 0.013525 ft

menghitung jumlah tube

A
N T 
a " L
483.919519081 buah

Dari tabel 9 Kern, pada 3/4 inch OD dan 15/16 in triangular pitch (Pt) didapat Nt yang mendekati adalah 502

Pt = 15/16 in
Nt = 502
Odt = 3/4 in on 15/16 in triangular pitch

0.9375
koreksi A dan Ud 0.75
A’ = NT x a” x L = 1576.6816 ft2 0.1875
Q
U D 
A '  T LMTD

57.84 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

Karena nilai Ud perhitungan mendekati dengan nilai Ud asumsi, maka data untuk shell :
ID = 77 in
pass, n = 8
baffle space (B) = 0,2 x ID = 15.4 in 1.28332 ft

Tube : Fluida dingin

flow rate C' =

as =
jumlah tube, Nt = 502
luas tube, a't = 0.302 ft2
jumlah aliran, n = 8 Gs =
at = Nt.a't/144.n = 0.131600694 ft2

kecepatan massa tc =
(μ pada Tc) =
Gt = w/at De =
 586922.556902 lb/jam.ft2
Res =
bilangan reynold
tc =tav= 158 oF
μ (pada tc) = 0.0361 lb/ft.jam dari fig.28 kern
D= 0.1623 in 0.013525 ft jH =
Ret = D.Gt/μ = 219890.50
Ret untuk penentuan ΔP pada Tc =
p= 113.8902 lb/ft3 c=
Dari fig. 24 kern V= Gt/3600p k=
jH = 890 18567.97  Cp . 
Pr  
 k
pada tc = 158 oF
c= 0.75 Btu/lb.oF
k= 0.185 Btu/jam.ft2.oF mencari ho
  
1 ho  j H  
 Cp .   3
D
Pr     e
 k 
ho =
0.5269857991

Mencari hi tube wall temperature

1/3 0,14
    cp.μ   μ  Tw  t c 
ho
hi  j H       (μ/μw )^0,14= 0.75040 hio 
D
 e     μw  0 ,14
  
hi = 401.176008359 Btu/jam.ft .F 2
t    
 w 
hio = hi x (ID/OD) hio =
86.8144882089 Btu/jam.ft2.F

Tube wall temperature

ho
Tw  t c  (Tc  t c )
hio  ho
231.988819467 oF

viskositas pas Tw = 231.9888195 oF

w  0.0052272
0 ,14
  
 s     0,7504
 w 
hio = (hio/фs)фs
86.8144882089 Btu/jam.ft2.F

clean overall coefficient, Uc

Uc = hio.ho/(hio+ho)
 387.885747401 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

dirt factor, Rd
U C  U D
R 
d U  U D
C

0.0147112976 jam.ft2.oF/btu

Rd terhitung > Rd yang diperlukan (0,002), maka memenuhi syarat

PRESSURE DROP

tube side Shell side

Ret = 219890.496692 Res = 3092.885
f= 0.00009 ft2 (fig.26, kern) f= 0.0012
s= 0.96
Gt= 586922.556902 lb/jam.ft2 Number of cross, (N+1)
2
N+1 = 12L/B
f .Gt .L.n 149.6119
Pt 
5,22x1010.D.s.
Ds = 0.013525
14.2569082662 psi s= 2.4
v2 2
f G s Ds ( N  1
 0 , 001 (fig.27,kern)  Ps 
2g
5,22 x 10 10 x D e S
4.n v 2 0.000145
P r  
s 2g
0.0333333333 psi

Pressure Drop (P) terhitung < P yang diizinkan (10 psi) maka memenuhi syarat
 1 gr/cc = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb/ft3 = 16.0185 kg/m3
= 0.0160185 kg/ltr
1 kg/ltr = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb = 0.45359 kg
1 kg = 2.2046 lb/ft3
1 cp = 0.0006720 lb/ft s
1m = 3.2808 ft 39.37 in
1in = 0.08333249 ft
1 psi = 6.89E+04 dyn/cm2
dyn/cm2 = 2.09E-03 lb/ft2
1 HP = 550 ft lbf / s
1 kg = 2.2046 lbm
1 gallon = 3.7854 ltr
1ft3 = 28.317 ltr
1 btu = 252.16 cal
1ft3 = 7.481 gal
1atm = 1013253.93 dyn/cm2 2116.282 lbf/ft2
1atm = 14.696 psia 1 lb/in2
1 psia

1 gr/cc = 62.43 lb/ft3

1 lb/ft3 = 16.0185 kg/m3
= 0.0160185 kg/ltr
1 kg/ltr = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb = 0.45359 kg
1 kg = 2.2046 lb/ft3
 1 cp = 0.0006720 lb/ft s
1m = 3.2808 ft 39.37 in
1in = 0.08333249 ft
1 psi = 6.89E+04 dyn/cm2
dyn/cm2 = 2.09E-03 lb/ft2
1 HP = 550 ft lbf / s
1 kg = 2.2046 lbm
1 gallon = 3.7854 ltr
1ft3 = 28.317 ltr 0.028317 m3
1 btu = 252.16 cal 0.9478 btu
1ft3 = 7.481 gal
1atm = 1013253.93 dyn/cm2 2116.282 lbf/ft2
1atm = 14.696 psia 1 lb/in2
1 psia

g mendekati adalah 502

kebutuhan steam
w= 58937.5878 kg/jam
129935.818 lb/jam

Shell : fluida panas

Pt-Odt = 0.1875
ID x C' X B / 144 x P
12.352083333 ft2

w/as
10519.344369 lb/jam.ft2

tav = 158 oF
(μ pada Tc) = 0.046 lb/ft.hr
0.0135248626 ft
 De.Gs/μ
3092.8845017

dari fig.28 kern

900

248 oF
0.475 Btu/lb.oFk 0.0711
0.0131 Btu/jam.ft . F 2 o
1
 Cp .   3
Pr   
 k 
1.1859327121

mencari ho
1/3 0,14
    cp. μ   μ 
ho  j H      
 De      μw 
775.7714948 Btu/jam.ft2.F

tube wall temperature

ho
Tw  t c  (Tc  t c )
hio  ho
0 ,14
  
t     1.0951

 w
(ho/фs)фs
775.7714948 btu/jam.ft2.oF
 ft2/in2 (fig.29, kern)

of cross, (N+1)

ft

2
f G s D s ( N  1)

5, 22 x 10 10 x D e S  s
psi

ka memenuhi syarat
 HEATER

Heater (HE-05)
fungsi : memanaskan larutan recycle dari centrifuge menuju reaktor
Jenis : shell and tube

diketahui :
fluida panas : saturated steam
laju alir massa : 6604.36 kg/jam 14560.21 lb/jam

T1 : 120 oC 248 oF
T2 : 120 oC 248 oF

Fluida dingin : larutan recycle

t1 : 60 oC 140 oF
t2 : 100 oC 212 oF

Fluida panas Fluida dingin Dif

248 Suhu tinggi 212 36
248 Suhu rendah 140 108

 T 2   T1
 LMTD 
ln(  t 2 /  t 1 )
65.5372243171

Tc = Tavg = (T1 + T2)/2 = 248 oF

Tc = tavg = (t1 + t2)/2 = 176 oF

Dari tabel 8, Kern, hal 840 diperoleh untuk fluida heavy organik memiliki harga range UD = 6-60

Asumsi : UD = 60 Btu/jam.ft2.oF Q= 7495770.25 kj/jam

7104491.0473 btu/jam
Q
A 
U D   T LMTD

1806.73175214 ft2 167.9119 m2

karena A > 200 ft2 digunakan Heat Exchanger tipe shell and cube

diperoleh data :
OD = 3/4 0.75 in 0.062499 ft
BWG = 16
L= 16 ft

sehingga dari tabel 10 didapat :

Surface per lin (a”) = 0.1963 ft
Flow area per tube = 0.302 in2
Inside, ID = 0.1623 in 0.013525 ft

menghitung jumlah tube

A
N T 
a " L
575.245718333 buah

Dari tabel 9 Kern, pada 3/4 inch OD dan 15/16 in triangular pitch (Pt) didapat Nt yang mendekati adalah 602

Pt = 15/16 in 0.9375 in 0.078124 ft

Nt = 602
Odt = 3/4 in on 15/16 in triangular pitch

0.9375
koreksi A dan Ud 0.75
A’ = NT x a” x L = 1890.7616 ft2 0.1875
Q
U D 
A '  T LMTD

57.33 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

Karena nilai Ud perhitungan mendekati dengan nilai Ud asumsi, maka data untuk shell :
ID = 27 in
pass, n = 2 kebutuhan steam
baffle space (B) = 0,2 x ID = 5.4 in 0.449995 ft

Tube : Fluida dingin

flow rate C' =

as =
jumlah tube, Nt = 602
luas tube, a't = 0.302 ft2
jumlah aliran, n = 2 Gs =
at = Nt.a't/144.n = 0.631263889 ft2

kecepatan massa tc =
(μ pada Tc) =
Gt = w/at De =
23065.1639088 lb/jam.ft2
Res =
bilangan reynold
tc =tav= 176 oF
μ (pada tc) = 0.0361 lb/ft.jam dari fig.28 kern
D= 0.1623 in 0.013525 ft jH =
Ret = D.Gt/μ = 8641.36
Ret untuk penentuan ΔP pada Tc =
p= 113.8902 lb/ft3 c=
Dari fig. 24 kern V= Gt/3600p k=
1
jH = 30 729.6932  Cp .  
Pr   
 k 
pada tc = 176 oF
c= 0.75 Btu/lb.oF
k= 0.185 Btu/jam.ft2.oF mencari ho
   c
1 ho  j H   
 Cp .   3
D
 e 
Pr   
 k 
ho =
0.5269857991

Mencari hi tube wall temperature

1/3 0,14
    cp.μ   μ  Tw  t c 
ho
hi  j H       (μ/μw )^0,14= 0.75040 hio  ho
D
 e     μw  0 ,14
  
hi = 13.5227867986 Btu/jam.ft .F 2
t    
 w 
hio = hi x (ID/OD) hio =
2.9263310632 Btu/jam.ft2.F

Tube wall temperature

ho
Tw  t c  (Tc  t c )
hio  ho
235.191055574 oF

viskositas pas Tw = 235.1910556 oF

w  0.0052272
w 
0 ,14
  
 s     0,7504
 w 
hio = (hio/фs)фs
2.9263310632 Btu/jam.ft2.F

clean overall coefficient, Uc

Uc = hio.ho/(hio+ho)
430.984163779 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

dirt factor, Rd
U C  U D
R 
d U  U D
C

0.015121551 jam.ft2.oF/btu

Rd terhitung > Rd yang diperlukan (0,002), maka memenuhi syarat

PRESSURE DROP

tube side Shell side

Ret = 8641.3621159 Res = 6018.779
f= 0.00028 ft2 (fig.26, kern) f= 0.0022
s= 0.96
Gt= 23065.1639088 lb/jam.ft2 Number of cross, (N+1)
2
N+1 = 12L/B
f .Gt .L.n 426.671
Pt 
5,22x1010.D.s.
Ds = 0.013525
0.0171250708 psi s= 2.4
v2 2
f G s D s ( N  1)
 0 , 001 (fig.27,kern)  Ps 
2g
5,22 x 10 10 x D e S  s
4.n v 2 0.002867
P r  
s 2g
0.0083333333 psi

Pressure Drop (P) terhitung < P yang diizinkan (10 psi) maka memenuhi syarat
 1 gr/cc = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb/ft3 = 16.0185 kg/m3
= 0.0160185 kg/ltr
1 kg/ltr = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb = 0.45359 kg
1 kg = 2.2046 lb/ft3
1 cp = 0.0006720 lb/ft s
1m = 3.2808 ft 39.37 in
1in = 0.08333249 ft
1 psi = 6.89E+04 dyn/cm2
dyn/cm2 = 2.09E-03 lb/ft2
1 HP = 550 ft lbf / s
1 kg = 2.2046 lbm
1 gallon = 3.7854 ltr
1ft3 = 28.317 ltr
1 btu = 252.16 cal
1ft3 = 7.481 gal
1atm = 1013253.93 dyn/cm2 2116.282 lbf/ft2
1atm = 14.696 psia 1 lb/in2
1 psia

1 gr/cc = 62.43 lb/ft3

1 lb/ft3 = 16.0185 kg/m3
= 0.0160185 kg/ltr
 1 kg/ltr = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 lb = 0.45359 kg
1 kg = 2.2046 lb/ft3
1 cp = 0.0006720 lb/ft s
1m = 3.2808 ft 39.37 in
1in = 0.08333249 ft
1 psi = 6.89E+04 dyn/cm2
dyn/cm2 = 2.09E-03 lb/ft2
1 HP = 550 ft lbf / s
1 kg = 2.2046 lbm
1 gallon = 3.7854 ltr
1ft3 = 28.317 ltr 0.028317 m3
1 btu = 252.16 cal 0.9478 btu
1ft3 = 7.481 gal
1atm = 1013253.93 dyn/cm2 2116.282 lbf/ft2
1atm = 14.696 psia 1 lb/in2
1 psia

g mendekati adalah 602

kebutuhan steam
w= 1652.58725 kg/jam
3643.35028 lb/jam

Shell : fluida panas

Pt-Odt = 0.1875
ID x C' X B / 144 x P
0.1779785156 ft2
 w/as
20470.730793 lb/jam.ft2

tav = 176 oF
(μ pada Tc) = 0.046 lb/ft.hr
0.0135248626 ft

De.Gs/μ
6018.7787176

dari fig.28 kern

1000

248 oF
0.475 Btu/lb.oFk 0.0711
0.0131 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
1
 Cp .   3
Pr   
 k 
1.1859327121

mencari ho
1/3 0,14
    cp. μ   μ 
ho  j H      
 De     μw 
861.96832756 Btu/jam.ft2.F

tube wall temperature

ho
Tw  t c  (Tc  t c )
hio  ho
0 ,14
  
t     1.0951
 w 
(ho/фs)фs
861.96832756 btu/jam.ft2.oF
 ft2/in2 (fig.29, kern)

of cross, (N+1)

ft

2
f G s D s ( N  1)

5, 22 x 10 10 x D e S  s
psi

ka memenuhi syarat
 POMPA

POMPA - 1
Tugas : : mengalirkan bahan baku dari tangki menuju heater
Tipe : Centrifugal pump

Kapasitas : 676.38 kg/j

Kapasitas : 811.65744 kg/j (Over Design 20%) 0.22546
ρ = 2.13 kg/lt 132.8474 lb/cuft
µ = 2307.4143 Cp 1.550510901 lb/ft.s

a. Kecepatan Volumetrik ( q )

q= m = 381.4180 L/jam 1.6794 gpm 0.381418

r

q = 1.6794 gpm 0.2245 cuft/min 0.0037

b. Menghitung diameter pipa

Jenis aliran turbulen: Di opt = 3,9 q0,45 ρ0,13 (Timmerhaus,496)

Di opt = 0.5956 in 0.0494 ft

Dipilih pipa standar dengan spesifikasi:

NPS = 2 in Schedule 40 (kern table 11)
ID = 2.067 in 0.052502 m
OD = 2.38 in
a' t = 3.35 in2 0.0294 ft2

c. Menentukan jenis aliran

Di = 2.067 in 0.171561 ft

NRe = 380rq = 710.0632

Di
NRe > 2100 jenis aliran turbulen

d. Menghitung kecepatan linier cairan

V= q = 0.1273 ft/s = 0.0388 m/s 1 meter =

a' t

e. Menghitung bilangan Reynold

rVD

NRe =
rVD = 0.5393


f. Menghitung total head

V 2 P
Persamaan Bernoulli: H = Z   F
2 . gc r

# Friksi pipa lurus:

Dari Fig 126 Brown, jenis pipa commercial steel, didapat:
ε= 0.00015
ID = 2.067 = 0.1722 ft 1 in =
ε/D = 0.0009
Dari Fig 125 Brown, didapat: ƒ = 0.02
Panjang pipa lurus L = 9.8425 ft 1 meter =
Elbow 90º 3 buah Le = 13.8 ft
Gate valve fully open 1 buah L = 1.3 ft
(L + Le) = 24.9425 ft

gc = 32.2 ft/s2 tetapan

# Fricsion head:

ΣF =
fV 2 ( L  Le ) = 0.0025 ft
2 . gc . D

# Pressure head: P2 = 1 atm

P1 = 1 atm
P  P2  P1 
 = 0.0000
r r
# Static head: = Ep =m.g.H
Z1 = 1 m 3.2808 ft ΔZ=
Z2 = 2 m 6.5617 ft 1 meter =

Z = 3.2808 ft

# Velocity head

V 2
= 0.0003 ft
2.gc

# Total head

V 2 P
Z     F
2 . gc r
 V 2 P
H = Z     F = 3.2836 ft
2 . gc r = 1.0009 m

g. Menghitung tenaga pompa

Dari Fig 14-37 P. Timmerhause, didapat:
ηp = 0.18 dari harga gpm
=
Hqr
BHP = = 0.0165 Hp
p.5 5 0
h. Menghitung tenaga motor
Dari Fig 14-38 P. Timmerhause, didapat: ηm = 0.8

Tenaga motor = BHP = 0.0206 Hp

m = 0.75 Hp

Dipakai motor listrik standar dengan tenaga 0,55 Hp, dengan putaran standar:
densitas 2128 kg/m3
feed 0.3178 m³/jam
total head 1.0009 m

n = 3500 rpm
single stage Centrifugal Pump

i. Menghitung Spesifik Speed

nq 0 , 5
Ns = = 1859.4220864738
H 0 , 75 mixed flow (1500 < Ns >7000)
“Applied Proccess Design for Chemical and Petrocchemical Plants”
fig. 3-33 P.108

Spesifik Pompa :
Jenis = single stage Centrifugal Pump
Impeller = mixed flow
Driver = 0.7500 Hp

MOTOR STANDAR (NEMA)

Power (Hp)
0.05 7.5 101.325 kPs
0.08 10
0.13 15
0.17 20
0.25 25
0.33 30
0.5 40
0.75 60
1 75
1.5 100
2 125
3 150
5 200
 Kompone MASUK (kg/jam)
n Arus 13 rho
CaO 3.247 3.350 1.608
H2O 3.517 1.000 0.520
TOTAL 6.764 4.350 2.128
kg/s

m3

cuft/s

(kern table 11)

3.28083 ft
0.083333 ft

3.28083 ft

(fig 127 brown)

3.2808 ft
3.28083 ft
1.6794 gpm
0.3814 m3/jam
 POMPA

POMPA - 2
Tugas : : mengalirkan bahan baku dari tangki menuju heater
Tipe : Centrifugal pump

Kapasitas : 1487.66 kg/j

Kapasitas : 1785.189732016 kg/j (Over Design 20%)
ρ = 1.25 kg/lt 77.8730 lb/cuft
µ = 1933.6763 Cp 1.29943046 lb/ft.s

a. Kecepatan Volumetrik ( q )

q= m = 1431.1301 L/jam 6.3013 gpm

r

q = 6.3013 gpm 0.8423 cuft/min

b. Menghitung diameter pipa

Jenis aliran turbulen: Di opt = 3,9 q0,45 ρ0,13 (Timmerhaus,496)

Di opt = 1.0075 in 0.0836

Dipilih pipa standar dengan spesifikasi:

NPS = 3 in Schedule 40
ID = 3.068 in 0.077927
OD = 3.5 in
a' t = 7.38 in2 0.0647 ft2

c. Menentukan jenis aliran

Di = 3.068 in 0.254644 ft

NRe = 380rq = 1255.4965

Di
NRe > 2100 jenis aliran turbulen

d. Menghitung kecepatan linier cairan

V= q = 0.2169 ft/s = 0.0661 m/s

a' t

e. Menghitung bilangan Reynold

NRe =
rVD = 1.0868


f. Menghitung total head

V 2 P
Persamaan Bernoulli: H = Z   F
2 . gc r

# Friksi pipa lurus:

Dari Fig 126 Brown, jenis pipa commercial steel, didapat:
ε= 0.00015
ID = 3.068 = 0.2557 ft
ε/D = 0.0006
Dari Fig 125 Brown, didapat: ƒ = 0.08
Panjang pipa lurus L = 9.8425 ft
Elbow 90º 3 buah Le = 13.8 ft
Gate valve fully open 1 buah L = 1.8 ft
(L + Le) = 25.4425 ft

gc = 32.2 ft/s2 tetapan

# Fricsion head:

ΣF =
fV 2
( L  Le ) = 0.0178 ft
2 . gc . D

# Pressure head: P2 = 1 atm

P1 = 1 atm
P  P2  P1 
 = 0.0000
r r
# Static head:
Z1 = 1 m 3.2808 ft
Z2 = 2 m 6.5617 ft

Z = 3.2808 ft

# Velocity head

V 2
= 0.0007 ft
2.gc

# Total head
 V 2 P
H = Z     F = 3.2993
2 . gc r = 1.0056

g. Menghitung tenaga pompa

Dari Fig 14-37 P. Timmerhause, didapat:
ηp = 0.3 dari harga gpm

Hqr
BHP = = 0.0219 Hp
p.5 5 0
h. Menghitung tenaga motor
Dari Fig 14-38 P. Timmerhause, didapat: ηm = 0.8

Tenaga motor = BHP = 0.0 Hp

m = 0.5 Hp

Dipakai motor listrik standar dengan tenaga 0,55 Hp, dengan putaran standar:
densitas 1247.40 kg/m3
feed 1.1926 m³/jam
total head 1.0056 m

n = 3500 rpm
single stage Centrifugal Pump

i. Menghitung Spesifik Speed

nq 0 , 5
Ns = = 3588.9055324664
H 0 , 75 mixed flow (1500 < Ns >7000)
“Applied Proccess Design for Chemical and Petrocchemical Plants”
fig. 3-33 P.108

Spesifik Pompa :
Jenis = single stage Centrifugal Pump
Impeller = mixed flow
Driver = 0.5000 Hp

MOTOR STANDAR (NEMA)

Power (Hp)
0.05 7.5
0.08 10
0.13 15
0.17 20
0.25 25
0.33 30
 0.5 40
0.75 60
1 75
1.5 100
2 125
3 150
5 200
 Kompone
n MASUK (kg/jam) KELUAR (kg/jam)
Arus 21 Arus 22 Arus 19
CH3OH 1429.596 0.000 1429.596 0.79 1.216419
H2O 2.865 0.000 2.865 1 0.001926
NaOH 0.000 55.197 55.197 0.783053 0.029054
TOTAL 1487.6581 1487.6581 2.5731 1.2474
0.0000

0.0140 cuft/s

(Timmerhaus,496)

ft

(kern table 11)

1 meter = 3.28083 ft
 P
 F
r

1 in = 0.083333 ft

1 meter = 3.28083 ft

(fig 127 brown)

ΔZ= 3.2808 ft
1 meter = 3.28083 ft
 ft
m

dari harga gpm 6.3013 gpm

= 1.4312 m3/jam
 POMPA

POMPA - 3
Tugas : : mengalirkan larutan dari reaktor menuju netralizer 1
Tipe : Centrifugal pump

Kapasitas : 13925.19 kg/j

Kapasitas : 16710.230938349 kg/j (Over Design 20%)

ρ = 7.14 kg/l 445.5284 lb/cuft
µ = 1.2999 Cp 0.00087356 lb/ft.s

a. Kecepatan Volumetrik ( q )

q= m = 2341.4697 L/jam 10.3095 gpm

r

q = 10.3095 gpm 1.3781 cuft/min

b. Menghitung diameter pipa

Jenis aliran turbulen: Di opt = 3,9 q0,45 ρ0,13 (Timmerhaus,496)

Di opt = 1.5774 in 0.1309

Dipilih pipa standar dengan spesifikasi:

NPS = 6 in Schedule 40
ID = 6.065 in 0.154051
OD = 6.625 in
a' t = 28.9 in2 0.2535 ft2

c. Menentukan jenis aliran

Di = 6.065 in 0.503395 ft

NRe = 380rq = 8842978.8920

Di
NRe > 2100 jenis aliran turbulen

d. Menghitung kecepatan linier cairan

V= q = 0.0906 ft/s = 0.0276 m/s

a' t

e. Menghitung bilangan Reynold

rVD

NRe =
rVD = 6049.7983


f. Menghitung total head

V 2 P
Persamaan Bernoulli: H = Z   F
2 . gc r

# Friksi pipa lurus:

Dari Fig 126 Brown, jenis pipa commercial steel, didapat:
ε= 0.00015
ID = 6.065 = 0.5054 ft
ε/D = 0.0003
Dari Fig 125 Brown, didapat: ƒ = 0.1
Panjang pipa lurus L = 9.8425 ft
Elbow 90º 3 buah Le = 13.8 ft
Gate valve fully open 1 buah L = 3.8 ft
(L + Le) = 27.4425 ft

gc = 32.2 ft/s2 tetapan

# Fricsion head:

ΣF =
fV 2
( L  Le ) = 0.0027 ft
2 . gc . D

# Pressure head: P2 = 1 atm

P1 = 1 atm
P

 P2  P1 
= 0.0000
r r
# Static head:
Z1 = 1 m 3.2808 ft
Z2 = 2 m 6.5617 ft

Z = 3.2808 ft

# Velocity head

V 2
= 0.0001 ft
2.gc

# Total head

V 2 P
Z     F
2 . gc r
 V 2 P
H = Z     F = 3.2836
2 . gc r = 1.0009

g. Menghitung tenaga pompa

Dari Fig 14-37 P. Timmerhause, didapat:
ηp = 0.45 dari harga gpm

Hqr
BHP = = 0.1358 Hp
p.5 5 0
h. Menghitung tenaga motor
Dari Fig 14-38 P. Timmerhause, didapat: ηm = 0.8

Tenaga motor = BHP = 0.1697 Hp

m = 0.75 Hp

Dipakai motor listrik standar dengan tenaga 0,55 Hp, dengan putaran standar:
densitas 7136.64193 kg/m3
feed 1.9512 m³/jam
total head 1.0009 m

n = 3500 rpm
single stage Centrifugal Pump

i. Menghitung Spesifik Speed

nq 0 , 5
Ns = = 4607.0289159238
H 0 , 75 mixed flow (1500 < Ns >7000)
“Applied Proccess Design for Chemical and Petrocchemical Plants”
fig. 3-33 P.108

Spesifik Pompa :
Jenis = single stage Centrifugal Pump
Impeller = mixed flow
Driver = 0.7500 Hp

MOTOR STANDAR (NEMA)

Power (Hp)
0.05 7.5
0.08 10
0.13 15
0.17 20
0.25 25
0.33 30
0.5 40
0.75 60
1 75
1.5 100
2 125
3 150
5 200
 Kompone KELUAR (kg/ja rho
n Arus 10
CH3OH 4417.409 0.79 0.250607169
H2O 218.802 1 0.015712709
H2SO4 5.678 1.84 0.0007503005
RCOOHCH3 2135.575 0.8900 0.1364909067
TG 7040.404 0.8682 0.4389511176
FFA 107.323 0.899001 0.0069287154
13925.192 6.287201 6.287201015
TOTAL 13925.1924 6.287201 7.1366419332

0.0230 cuft/s

(Timmerhaus,496)

ft

(kern table 11)

1 meter = 3.28083 ft
 P
 F
r

1 in = 0.083333 ft

1 meter = 3.28083 ft

(fig 127 brown)

ΔZ= 3.2808 ft
1 meter = 3.28083 ft
 ft
m

dari harga gpm 10.3095 gpm

= 2.3415 m3/jam
 POMPA

POMPA - 4
Tugas : : mengalirkan larutan dari rotary filter menuju heater-03
Tipe : Centrifugal pump

Kapasitas : 35035.03 kg/j

Kapasitas : 42042.032084118 kg/j (Over Design 20%)
ρ = 1.82 kg/l 113.8910 lb/cuft
µ = 14.2708 Cp 0.00959 lb/ft.s

a. Kecepatan Volumetrik ( q )

q= m = 23044.9417 L/jam 101.4668 gpm

r

q = 101.4668 gpm 13.5637 cuft/min

b. Menghitung diameter pipa

Jenis aliran turbulen: Di opt = 3,9 q0,45 ρ0,13 (Timmerhaus,496)

Di opt = 3.6967 in 0.3068

Dipilih pipa standar dengan spesifikasi:

NPS = 4 in Schedule 40
ID = 4.026 in
OD = 4.5 in
a' t = 12.7 in2 0.1114 ft2

c. Menentukan jenis aliran

Di = 4.026 in 0.334158 ft

NRe = 380rq = 3053028.4664

Di
NRe > 2100 jenis aliran turbulen

d. Menghitung kecepatan linier cairan

V= q = 2.0292 ft/s = 0.6185 m/s

a' t

e. Menghitung bilangan Reynold

rVD

NRe =
rVD = 7394.1672


f. Menghitung total head

V 2 P
Persamaan Bernoulli: H = Z     F
2 . gc r

# Friksi pipa lurus:

Dari Fig 126 Brown, jenis pipa commercial steel, didapat:
ε= 0.00015
ID = 4.026 = 0.3355 ft
ε/D = 0.0004
Dari Fig 125 Brown, didapat: ƒ = 0.02
Panjang pipa lurus L = 9.8425 ft
Elbow 90º 3 buah Le = 13.8 ft
Gate valve fully open 1 buah L = 2.5 ft
(L + Le) = 26.1425 ft

gc = 32.2 ft/s2 tetapan

# Fricsion head:

ΣF =
fV 2
( L  Le ) = 0.1090 ft
2 . gc . D

# Pressure head: P2 = 1 atm

P1 = 1 atm
P  P2  P1 
 = 0.00
r r
# Static head:
Z1 = 1 m 3.2808 ft
Z2 = 2 m 6.5617 ft

Z = 3.2808 ft

# Velocity head

V 2
= 0.0639 ft
2.gc

# Total head

V 2 P
Z     F
2 . gc r
 V 2 P
H = Z     F = 3.4537
2 . gc r = 1.0527

g. Menghitung tenaga pompa

Dari Fig 14-37 P. Timmerhause, didapat:
ηp = 0.42 dari harga gpm

Hqr
BHP = = 0.3849 Hp
p.5 5 0
h. Menghitung tenaga motor
Dari Fig 14-38 P. Timmerhause, didapat: ηm = 0.8

Tenaga motor = BHP = 0.4812 Hp

m = 0.5 Hp

Dipakai motor listrik standar dengan tenaga 0,55 Hp, dengan putaran standar:
densitas 1824.34968 kg/m3
feed 19.2041 m³/jam
total head 1.0527 m

n = 3500 rpm
single stage Centrifugal Pump

i. Menghitung Spesifik Speed

nq 0 , 5
Ns = = 13915.9845212433
H 0 , 75 mixed flow (1500 < Ns >7000)
“Applied Proccess Design for Chemical and Petrocchemical Plants”
fig. 3-33 P.108

Spesifik Pompa :
Jenis = single stage Centrifugal Pump
Impeller = mixed flow
Driver = 0.5000 Hp

MOTOR STANDAR (NEMA)

Power (Hp)
0.05 7.5
0.08 10
0.13 15
0.17 20
0.25 25
0.33 30
0.5 40
0.75 60
1 75
1.5 100
2 125
3 150
5 200
 0.2261 cuft/s

(Timmerhaus,496)

ft

(kern table 11)

1 meter = 3.28083 ft
P
  F
r

1 in = 0.083333 ft

1 meter = 3.28083 ft

(fig 127 brown)

ΔZ= 3.2808 ft
1 meter = 3.28083 ft
 ft
m

dari harga gpm 101.4668 gpm

= 23.0456 m3/jam
 POMPA

POMPA - 5
Tugas : : mengalirkan larutan dari evaporator menuju kristaliser
Tipe : Centrifugal pump

Kapasitas : 11063.00 kg/j

Kapasitas : 13275.599719093 kg/j (Over Design 20%)
ρ = 1.82 kg/l 113.8910 lb/cuft
µ = 14.2708 Cp 0.00959 lb/ft.s

a. Kecepatan Volumetrik ( q )

q= m = 7276.8942 L/jam 32.0401 gpm

r

q = 32.0401 gpm 4.2830 cuft/min

b. Menghitung diameter pipa

Jenis aliran turbulen: Di opt = 3,9 q0,45 ρ0,13 (Timmerhaus,496)

Di opt = 2.2005 in 0.1826

Dipilih pipa standar dengan spesifikasi:

NPS = 2 1/2 in Schedule 40
ID = 2.469 in
OD = 2.88 in
a' t = 4.79 in2 0.0420 ft2

c. Menentukan jenis aliran

Di = 2.469 in 0.204927 ft

NRe = 380rq = 1572005.2215

Di
NRe > 2100 jenis aliran turbulen

d. Menghitung kecepatan linier cairan

V= q = 1.6989 ft/s = 0.5178 m/s

a' t

e. Menghitung bilangan Reynold

rVD

NRe =
rVD = 3685.0606


f. Menghitung total head

V 2 P
Persamaan Bernoulli: H = Z   F
2 . gc r

# Friksi pipa lurus:

Dari Fig 126 Brown, jenis pipa commercial steel, didapat:
ε= 0.00015
ID = 2.469 = 0.2057 ft
ε/D = 0.0007
Dari Fig 125 Brown, didapat: ƒ = 0.02
Panjang pipa lurus L = 9.8425 ft
Elbow 90º 3 buah Le = 13.8 ft
Gate valve fully open 1 buah L = 1.4 ft
(L + Le) = 25.0425 ft

gc = 32.2 ft/s2 tetapan

# Fricsion head:

ΣF =
fV 2
( L  Le ) = 0.1229 ft
2 . gc . D

# Pressure head: P2 = 1 atm

P1 = 1 atm
P  P2  P1 
 = 0.0000
r r
# Static head:
Z1 = 1 m 3.2808 ft
Z2 = 2 m 6.5617 ft

Z = 3.2808 ft

# Velocity head

V 2
= 0.0448 ft
2.gc

# Total head

V 2 P
Z     F
2 . gc r
 V 2 P
H = Z     F = 3.4485
2 . gc r = 1.0511

g. Menghitung tenaga pompa

Dari Fig 14-37 P. Timmerhause, didapat:
ηp = 0.25 dari harga gpm

Hqr
BHP = = 0.2039 Hp
p.5 5 0
h. Menghitung tenaga motor
Dari Fig 14-38 P. Timmerhause, didapat: ηm = 0.8

Tenaga motor = BHP = 0.2549 Hp

m = 0.25 Hp

Dipakai motor listrik standar dengan tenaga 0,55 Hp, dengan putaran standar:
densitas 1824.34968 kg/m3
feed 6.0641 m³/jam
total head 1.0511 m

n = 3500 rpm
single stage Centrifugal Pump

i. Menghitung Spesifik Speed

nq 0 , 5
Ns = = 7828.6723473039
H 0 , 75 mixed flow (1500 < Ns >7000)
“Applied Proccess Design for Chemical and Petrocchemical Plants”
fig. 3-33 P.108

Spesifik Pompa :
Jenis = single stage Centrifugal Pump
Impeller = mixed flow
Driver = 0.2500 Hp

MOTOR STANDAR (NEMA)

Power (Hp)
0.05 7.5
0.08 10
0.13 15
0.17 20
0.25 25
0.33 30
0.5 40
0.75 60
1 75
1.5 100
2 125
3 150
5 200
 0.0714 cuft/s

(Timmerhaus,496)

ft

(kern table 11)

1 meter = 3.28083 ft
 P
 F
r

1 in = 0.083333 ft

1 meter = 3.28083 ft

(fig 127 brown)

ΔZ= 3.2808 ft
1 meter = 3.28083 ft
 ft
m

dari harga gpm 32.0401 gpm

= 7.2771 m3/jam
 POMPA

POMPA - 6
Tugas : : mengalirkan larutan recycle dari centrifuge menuju reaktor
Tipe : Centrifugal pump

Kapasitas : 6604.36 kg/j

Kapasitas : 7925.236099578 kg/j (Over Design 20%)
ρ = 1.82 kg/l 113.8910 lb/cuft
µ = 14.2708 Cp 0.00959 lb/ft.s

a. Kecepatan Volumetrik ( q )

q= m = 4344.1431 L/jam 19.1273 gpm

r

q = 19.1273 gpm 2.5569 cuft/min

b. Menghitung diameter pipa

Jenis aliran turbulen: Di opt = 3,9 q0,45 ρ0,13 (Timmerhaus,496)

Di opt = 1.7447 in 0.1448

Dipilih pipa standar dengan spesifikasi:

NPS = 2 in Schedule 40
ID = 2.067 in
OD = 2.38 in
a' t = 3.35 in2 0.0294 ft2

c. Menentukan jenis aliran

Di = 2.067 in 0.171561 ft

NRe = 380rq = 1120966.5605

Di
NRe > 2100 jenis aliran turbulen

d. Menghitung kecepatan linier cairan

V= q = 1.4502 ft/s = 0.4420 m/s

a' t

e. Menghitung bilangan Reynold

rVD

NRe =
rVD = 2493.8741


f. Menghitung total head

V 2 P
Persamaan Bernoulli: H = Z   F
2 . gc r

# Friksi pipa lurus:

Dari Fig 126 Brown, jenis pipa commercial steel, didapat:
ε= 0.00015
ID = 2.067 = 0.1722 ft
ε/D = 0.0009
Dari Fig 125 Brown, didapat: ƒ = 0.02
Panjang pipa lurus L = 9.8425 ft
Elbow 90º 3 buah Le = 13.8 ft
Gate valve fully open 1 buah L = 1.2 ft
(L + Le) = 24.8425 ft

gc = 32.2 ft/s2 tetapan

# Fricsion head:

ΣF =
fV 2
( L  Le ) = 0.1120 ft
2 . gc . D

# Pressure head: P2 = 1 atm

P1 = 1 atm
P  P2  P1 
 = 0.0000
r r
# Static head:
Z1 = 1 m 3.2808 ft
Z2 = 2 m 6.5617 ft

Z = 3.2808 ft

# Velocity head

V 2
= 0.0327 ft
2.gc

# Total head

V 2 P
Z     F
2 . gc r
 V 2 P
H = Z     F = 3.4255
2 . gc r = 1.0441

g. Menghitung tenaga pompa

Dari Fig 14-37 P. Timmerhause, didapat:
ηp = 0.2 dari harga gpm

Hqr
BHP = = 0.1511 Hp
p.5 5 0
h. Menghitung tenaga motor
Dari Fig 14-38 P. Timmerhause, didapat: ηm = 0.8

Tenaga motor = BHP = 0.1889 Hp

m = 0.25 Hp

Dipakai motor listrik standar dengan tenaga 0,55 Hp, dengan putaran standar:
densitas 1824.34968 kg/m3
feed 3.6201 m³/jam
total head 1.0441 m

n = 3500 rpm
single stage Centrifugal Pump

i. Menghitung Spesifik Speed

nq 0 , 5
Ns = = 6079.231398059
H 0 , 75 mixed flow (1500 < Ns >7000)
“Applied Proccess Design for Chemical and Petrocchemical Plants”
fig. 3-33 P.108

Spesifik Pompa :
Jenis = single stage Centrifugal Pump
Impeller = mixed flow
Driver = 0.2500 Hp

MOTOR STANDAR (NEMA)

Power (Hp)
0.05 7.5
0.08 10
0.13 15
0.17 20
0.25 25
0.33 30
0.5 40
0.75 60
1 75
1.5 100
2 125
3 150
5 200
 0.0426 cuft/s

(Timmerhaus,496)

ft

(kern table 11)

1 meter = 3.28083 ft
 P
 F
r

1 in = 0.083333 ft

1 meter = 3.28083 ft

(fig 127 brown)

ΔZ= 3.2808 ft
1 meter = 3.28083 ft
 ft
m

dari harga gpm 19.1273 gpm

= 4.3443 m3/jam
pompa proses

fungsi : Mengalirkan bahan baku ammonium sulfat dari tangki pelarutan (MT-101) menuju reaktor (RE-201).

D
ISC
HAR
GE

SUC
TIO
N

kondisi operasi : temperatur = 300 C

p in = 1 atm = 101.325 kN/m2
p out = 1 atm = 101.325 kN/m2

laju alir massa, G 17761.97 kg/jam 4.9338814 kg/s

over design = 10% (Tabel 6. Timmerhaus, 1991:37)
G desain = 19538.17 kg/jam 5.4272695 kg/s
densitas ,ρ = 1,091 kg/m3 (App. A.2-3. Geankoplis, 1993:855)
viskositas ,μ = 0.894 cP (App. A.2-4. Geankoplis, 1993:855)
0.000894 Pa.s
Debit, Q = G/ρ 17.909761 m3/jam 78.856678 gal/min 0.004975 m3/s
kapasitas = 2 - 1000 gpm (perry's,19999:10-24)
ῃ, efisiensi = 35% (Gambar 10.62, Coulson,1983, hal 380)
Diam pipa, D out = 282 x G0,52 x ρ-0,37 (Pers. 5.14 Coulson, 1983:161)
51.079615 mm 1.992105 in

Dari tabel 13 peters dan Timmerhaus,1980 hal 888

NPS = 2 in 0.0508 m
ID = 2.067 in 0.052502 m
OD = 2.308 in 0.060452 m
A= 3.35 in2 0.002161 m2
Ԑ= 0.000046 m

v = Q/A 2.302144 m/s

r .ID.v 147490.81 (>2100 aliran turbulen)
N Re 


faktor koreksi , = 1 (Geankoplis, 1993:93)

panjang pipa = 10 m
Z1 = 0 dan Z2 = 3 m
Beda tinggi ∆Z = 3-0 m (Fig. 5.6, Coulson, 1983:155)
kecepatan impeller , N = 3500 rpm (Fig. 5.6, Coulson, 1983:155)
specific speed ,S = 7900 (single suction, Walas, 1988:133)
Perhitungan head loss

1. Contraction loss pada keluaran tangki :

2
 A 
K c  0,551  2  (Pers.2.10-16,Geankoplis, 1993:93)
 A1 
hc = V2 (Pers.2.10-16,Geankoplis, 1993:93)
KC
2a

0.132497 J/kg

2. Friksi karena pipa lurus

Fanning friction factor (f) dicari gambar 2.10-3, Geankoplis,1993:88
untuk ᵋ/D = 0.000876 dan Nre 147490.81 maka f yang diperoleh = 0.009
Ff = LV 2
4f
ID.2a

18.17028 J/Kg

3. Friksi karena sambungan (elbow)

jumlah elbow , 90 0 C = 3
Kf = 0.75 (Tabel.2.10-1,Geankoplis, 1993:93)
hf = V 2 
  elbow K f   (Pers.2.10-17,Geankoplis, 1993:94)
 2 
5.179824 J/Kg

4. Expansion loss pada masukan ke tangki

2
K ex =  A  (Pers.2.10-15,Geankoplis, 1993:93)
1  1 
 A2 
2
h ex = K ex V
2a
2.649934 J/Kg

5. Head loss karena valve

Dari tabel .2.10-1, Geankoplis, 1993:93
globe valve = 1 buah , Kf = 9.5
globe valve = 2 buah , Kf = 0.17
hf = V2 
(valve x K f ) 
 2a 
26.07535 J/Kg
Frictional loss total, ∑F =
∑F = hc +Ff + hf elbow + hex +hf, valve
52.20789 J/Kg

 V 2 V12   P P  (pers 27 - 28 Geankoplis 1993:64)

 Ws   2   g ( Z 2  Z1 )   2 1   F

 2a   r 
Ws= 81.60789 J/kg

Daya pompa ( shalft work kepala pompa ), Wp

Wp = -Ws/η
wp = 233.1654 J/Kg

P = G.Wp
P= 1150.41 J/s 1.15041 kW
1.54 hp digunakan power 2 Hp

penentuan NPSH
NPSH = [NQ0,5/S]4/3 ft
6.210791 ft 1.893049 m
1983:155)
 Belt Conveyor

Fungsi Mengangkut bahan NH4Cl dari sentrifuge ke rotary dryer

Jenis Horizontal screw conveyor

Bahan konstruksi Carbon steel

Kondisi operasi

T: 100 oC

P: 1 atm

Jarak angkut : 30 ft 9.144 m

Laju alir : 4458.82 kg/jam 9821.1838 lb/jam 4.4588174 ton/jam

Waktu operasi Cukup ditempuh 30 menit 1.2385604 kg/s

1 Menentukan Jenis dan Konstruksi

Faktor Keamanan = 20%

1.2

Total kapasitas belt 4.4588 ton/jam

Dari Perry 7th ed, tabel 21-7 untuk kapasitas belt = 4,4588 ton/jam, ( chapter 21 )

dipilih belt conveyor dengan spesifikasi : 32 ton/jam

Panjang belt = 6 ft 1.8288 m

Sudut elevasi = 0 derajat

Kecepatan belt = 100 ft/min

Triper = 2.0 hp

Tebal ply belt = 3.0 - 5.0 in (lipatan belt)

diambil tebal ply belt = 3 in

Lebar belt = 14 in 0.3556 m

Ratio HP/10 ft 0.44

2 Menentukan Power Motor

Power yang dibutuhkan

HP = TPH x H x 0,002 x C
Dalam hubungan ini :

TPH = kapasitas 4.4588 ton/jam

H= panjang belt 6 ft 1.8288 m

C motorial factor 2

maka :

HP = 0.1070 hp

Ratio HP/10 ft 0.44

Untuk panjang belt 6ft

maka 0.276 hp

Power Motor = 2.3830 hp

eff.motor = 80 %

Power Motor = 2.9788

Power Motor standar = 3 hp

BALL MILL
fungsi : untuk menghancurkan partikel produk sesuai yang diinginkan
jenis : dry ball mill

kapasitas massa : 4033.21 kg/jam 1.120335 kg/s

4.03320587 ton/jam

dari data diatas dapat dipeoleh spesifikasi :

Model : Φ 1200 × 2400
kecepatan rotari : 32 rpm
ball weight : 3.8 t
material-in size : ≤ 25 mm
material-out size : 0,0745-0,6 mm
kapasitas : 1,5 - 4,8 ton/jam
motor power : 30 kW 40.23 Hp
weight : 11.5 t
harga : US $6,000 - 65,000
SCREEENER

fungsi ; untuk mengayak produk hasil dari Ball mill sesuai dengan pasaran yang diinginkan
jenis : horizontal centrifuge screener

kapasitas massa : 4033.21 kg/jam

4.033206 ton/jam

spesifikasi :
model : MQXS 120*120
Capasity : 3,0-5,0 ton/jam
Power : 6.6 kW 8.8506 Hp
Screen mesh : 100 mesh
harga : US $3600-8500