WOLKITE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
Stream: - Control
Semester project: - Automatic Room Light Control
With Visitor Counter Using Microcontroller

Name of Members ID No
1.Enbakom Alehegn……………ENGR/375/07
2.Tofic Kemal………………….ENGR/951/07
3.Nuru Ali………………………ENGR/915/07

Submission Date 14/04/2010 E.C

Adviser Mr.Birhanu
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Contents page No
Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter One .................................................................................................................................................. 4
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 4
1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Problem of Statement......................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 objective.............................................................................................................................................. 5
1.3.1 General Objective ........................................................................................................................ 5
1.3.2 Specific Objective ......................................................................................................................... 5
1.4 Scope ................................................................................................................................................... 5
Chapter Two .................................................................................................................................................. 6
2.1 Literature Review .............................................................................................................................. 6
Chapter Three ............................................................................................................................................... 8
Material and Method ................................................................................................................................ 8
3.1 Materials ............................................................................................................................................. 8
3.2 Block Diagram and Description ........................................................................................................... 8
3.2.1 Block Diagram ............................................................................................................................. 8
3.2.2 Block Diagram Description ........................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Budget ................................................................................................................................................. 8
3.4 Work Plan ............................................................................................................................................ 9
References .............................................................................................................................................. 10
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Abstract
This Project “Automated Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter” is a reliable
circuit that takes over the task of controlling the room lights as well us counting number
of persons / visitors in the room very accurately. When somebody enters into the room
then the counter is incremented by one and the LED light in the room will be switched
ON and when any one leaves the room then the counter is decremented by one. The light
will be only switched OFF until all the persons in the room go out. The total number of
persons inside the room is also displayed on the display monitor. The microcontroller
does the above job. It receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is operated
under the control of software which is stored in ROM. Microcontroller continuously
monitors the Infrared Receivers. When any object pass through the IR Receiver's then the
IR Rays falling on the receivers are obstructed. This obstruction is sensed by the
Microcontroller.
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Chapter One

Introduction
1.1 Background
In today’s world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances. With the increase in
standard of living, there is a sense of urgency for developing circuits that would ease the
complexity of life. Also if at all one wants to know the number of people present in room so as
not to have congestion, this circuit proves to be helpful. Automatic Room Light Controller with
Visitor Counter is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of controlling the room lights as well
as counting number of persons/ visitors in the room very accurately. Electricity is one of the
most important resources in this century. We should conserve the electricity. But many times we
come outside the room/hall and forget to turn off the lights/fan, thus the electricity is wasted. To
overcome this we are going to implement a project called “Automatic room light controller with
visitor counter”. This project has modules. First module is “Visitor counter” and the other
module is “Automatic room light controller”. Main concept behind this project is to measure and
display the number of persons entering in any room like seminar hall, conference room. And
when number of persons inside the room is zero, power supply inside the room will be turned
off. This will help to save electricity. LCD display placed outside the room displays number of
person inside the room. When somebody enters into the room then the counter is incremented by
one and the light in the room will be switched ON and when any one leaves the room then the
counter is decremented by one. The light will be only switched OFF until all the persons in the
room go out. The total number of persons inside the room is also displayed on the LCD. The
microcontroller does the above job. It receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is
operated under the control of program which is stored in ROM. Microcontroller continuously
monitor the Infrared Receivers. When any object pass through the IR Receiver's then the IR Rays
falling on the receivers are obstructed. This obstruction is sensed by the Microcontroller.
However, it implies the possibility that inconvenience of users can be bigger because of frequent
light on/off, and dark indoor environment, etc. whereas the energy saving effect becomes larger.
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1.2 Problem of Statement

In today’s world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances with the increase in standard of
living, there is a sense of urgency for developing circuits that would ease the complexity of life.
Hence, the project is to make easier count of person in a great hall to even a small room and the
light within the room will be turned on automatically once a single person enter the room.
The sensor can only detect a single person walking through it instead of two person at a
time. There are some problems while we use the traditional or conventional method to control
the lighting system and to count the number of people in the hall as well as to control the
excitation and entrance of person into and out of the hall. Wastage of electricity is one of the
main problems which we are facing nowadays. In our home, school, colleges or industry we see
that fan and light are kept on even if there are nobody in the room or area. This happens due to
negligence or because we forget to turns lights off or when we are in hurry. To avoid all such
situation we have designed this project called automatic room light control and visitor using
microcontroller. The problems are need of human power as well as there is wastages of electric
power. The safety and protocol of the visitor also will not in manual or traditional control of the
light of the room.

1.3 objective
1.3.1 General Objective

 The general objective of this project is to control the light of the room automatically using
microcontroller

1.3.2 Specific Objective

 To reduce the consumption power
 Compare the consumption of electric power used manually and automatically
 To minimize the human power needed
 To protect the safety and protocol of visitor of the hall

1.4 Scope
It is use for counting purposes. When somebody enters into the room then the counter is
incremented by one and the light in the very will be switched ON. The device will
counter how many people have entered the room and display the total number of persons
inside the room. The light within the room will turn OFF once the counter turn to 0. The
scope of this project is to design an automated room light controller. Light have a vital
role in a certain country hence it need power system to operate; this project will examine
the efficiency of lighting system as well as to reduce power consumption. Thus, the
focuses of this project are stated below;
 Perform the operation of lighting efficiently
 Manage the no of person in the hall in a better manner
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 Attend the excitation and entrance of persons into and out of the hall or room
 To use a minimum power consumption to operate the lighting of the room

Chapter Two

2.1 Literature Review

The history of counter is as old as humanity; man has always looked for a way to get accurate
quantity of people, animals or things, so as a result of this application of counters vary widely.
They are employed in banks for counting money; in medicine they are designed to count the
heartbeat, in cinema, houses they count people, in shaft encoders they measure speed and in
library they count number of users.
Different methods have been employed in the past for the construction of counters by different
people. Some used discrete components while others used digital components.
The discrete components and digital used vary from one design to another.
Umar (2008) designed a library counter which makes use of a 741 operational amplifier and
phase lock loop (PLL) in the realization of the transducer section that sends pulse to the counter.
This amplifier is more costly than a single transistor that can do the same job of amplification.
The phase lock loop(PLL) of Umar is good but not as better as some digital integrated circuits.
selection of time was not easily realized in the project. Gidado 2008, also designed a digital
up/down counters for library users. in the design he used he used six 555time IC, two LM567,
two LM 741. Seven resistors in the receiver section of the transducer two rheostat, six capacitors
for the transducer section, after his design it was difficult adjusting to count as required. It
counted but some time it was irregular. The use of rheostat was to adjust the frequencies, but it
was very easy to adjust. Also the transducer cost much more than such realization could take if
proper attention was paid in the circuit design.
Moye (2008), in his design of a shaft encoder which uses counter as well, used a
better transducer. His transmitter did not contain 555 timer IC, only infrared transmitter with
47kΩ pull down resistor, connected to 4082 IC which serves as comparator. Analysis showed
that a design of up/down counter can take a transmitter which is far less in cost than that of
Gidado (2008).
The transducer of Moye (2008) can also be used instead of 4082 IC comparing the variation of
the light falling on the photo transistor to determine the speed of shaft, a monostable can be built
to take care of people’s movement that is not as fast as shaft movement.
Uche (2010) designed a better up/down counter but his counter did not use the
same door for entrance and exit and did not have a switch to control the light system.
Donaldson, P. (2009) designed a counter using an LCD display. This method is more esthetical,
compact and cheaper since it involves the use of a microcontroller and an
LCD display.
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It was the analysis if these people work that led to the efficient, simple and cost effective
transducer that is achieved in this present project also the designs sited above are for large
buildings which can accommodate large numbers of people. However this design is intended for
smaller buildings with less capacity (i.e. rooms which can accommodate not more than 99 people
at a time).
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Chapter Three

Material and Method

3.1 Materials
The design requirements of the systems vary from one system to another. For our case we
want to control the lighting system means the on-off the room light at a fast response
automatically rather than manually to perform our objective. Our system contains power
supply, entrance sensors, exit sensor, microprocessor and relay deriver circuit
The block diagram of the system is given below.

3.2 Block Diagram and Description

3.2.1 Block Diagram Power Supply

Signal Relay Deriver

IR1 sensor
conditioning
AT89S52 LCD Display
Counter

IR sensor Signal
conditional Light

3.2.2 Block Diagram Description

The basic block diagram of automatic room light controller with visitor counter is shown
in the above figure. Mainly this block diagram consists of the following essential blocks.

1. Power supply
2. Entry and Exit circuit
3. AT89S52 microcontroller
4. Relay deriver circuit

3.3 Budget
In this section we list the financial expenditures to do our project it includes all hardware parts of
the design but there is no that much high expenditure because we select low cost and less amount
means use one microprocessor, IR sensor light indicator it is bulb to indicate the entrance and
excitation of person into and out of the hall. It is listed in a simple table given below.
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No Item (Equipment) Measurement Unit Amount Cost

3.4 Work Plan

As we that know to perform a certain task time table or schedule takes place. Now we set out our
schedule to perform or to complete our designing work.

Date Works to be done

April 13
April 14-15
April 16-22
April 23
April 23-30
May 1

May 2-10

May 11-20

May 22

May 23-30
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References