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TABLE 3 Selected Level 1 and 2 ASD Screening Measures

Screening Tool Age Format (No. of Items) Time to Reported Reported Selected Key Availability
Complete, min Sensitivity Specificity References
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS

Level 1a
CHAT 18–24⫹ mo Parent interview or questionnaire 5 0.18–0.38b; 0.98–1.0b; Baron-Cohen et al,267 Download: www.autismresearchcentre.com/tests/chat㛭test.asp
and interactive (parent: 9; 0.65c 1.0c Baron-Cohen et
clinician: 5) al,272 Baird et al,19
Scambler et al273
CHAT, Denver Modifications 18–24⫹ mo Parent interview or questionnaire 5 0.85c 1.0c Scambler et al273 CHAT scoring modifications; available in Scambler et al273
and interactive (parent: 9;
clinician: 5)
Checklist for Autism in 16–86 mo (all Parent interview or questionnaire 10 0.84–0.93c 0.77–0.85c Wong et al274 Combination of M-CHAT and CHAT items; protocol available in
Toddlers-23 (CHAT-23) had and interactive (parent: 23, (part A); (part A); Wong et al274
mental clinician: 5) 0.74c 0.91c
ages of (part B) (part B)
18–24 mo)
CAST 4–11 y Questionnaire completed by 10 0.88–1.0d 0.97–0.98d Scott et al,275 Download: www.autismresearchcentre.com/tests/cast㛭test.asp
parent (37) Williams et al,235
Williams et al276
M-CHAT 16–48 mo Questionnaire completed by 5–10 0.85d 0.93d Dumont-Matthieu Download: www.dbpeds.org/media/mchat.pdf or
parent (23) and Fein,277 www.firstsigns.org/downloads/m-chat.pdf; for scoring:
Robins et al268 www.firstsigns.org/downloads/m-chat㛭scoring.PDF
Pervasive Developmental 18–48 mo Questionnaire completed by 10–15 0.92c 0.91c Siegel269 Purchase: PsychCorp/Harcourt Assessment
Disorders Screening Test- parent (22) (www.harcourtassessment.com)
II, Primary Care Screener
(PDDST-II PCS)
Level 2
Asperger Syndrome 5–18 y Questionnaire completed by 10–15 0.85c Myles et al,278 Purchase: Pro-Ed (www.proedinc.com)
Diagnostic Scale (ASDS) parent, teacher, or clinician Campbell270
(50)
Autism Behavior Checklist ⱖ18 mo Behavioral checklist completed 10–20 0.38–0.58c 0.76–0.97c Krug et al279 Purchase: Pro-Ed (www.proedinc.com) as part of the Autism
(ABC) by interviewer (57 ) Screening Instrument for Educational Planning (ASIEP-2)
Autism Quotient 11–16 y Questionnaire completed by 15 0.89c 1.0c Baron-Cohen et al280 Download:
(AQ)–Adolescent Version parent (50) www.autismresearchcentre.com/tests/aq㛭adolescent㛭test.asp
Autism Spectrum Screening 6–17 y Questionnaire completed by 10 0.62–0.82c Ehlers et al281 Questions are included as an appendix in Ehlers et al281
Questionnaire (ASSQ) parent (27) (parent);
0.65–
0.70c
(teacher)
Childhood Autism Rating ⬎2 y Behavioral checklist completed Variable 0.92–0.98c; 0.85c Eaves and Milner,282 Purchase: Western Psychological Services
Scale (CARS) by trained interviewer/ 0.94c Perry et al,283 (www.wpspublish.com)
observer (15) Schopler et al284,
Sevin et al285
Gilliam Asperger’s Disorder 3–22 y Questionnaire completed by 10 Gilliam,286 Purchase: Pro-Ed (www.proedinc.com)
Scale (GADS) parent, teacher, or clinician Campbell270
(32)
Gilliam Autism Rating Scale– 3–22 y Questionnaire completed by 5–10 Gilliam287 Purchase: Pro-Ed (www.proedinc.com)
2nd Edition (GARS-2) parent or teacher (42)
 TABLE 3 Continued
Screening Tool Age Format (No. of Items) Time to Reported Reported Selected Key Availability
Complete, min Sensitivity Specificity References
Krug Asperger’s Disorder 6–21 y Questionnaire completed by 15–20 0.78c 0.94c Krug and Arick,288 Purchase: Pro-Ed (www.proedinc.com)
Index (KADI) parent or clinician (32) Campbell270
Pervasive Developmental 18–48 mo Questionnaire completed by 10–15 0.73c 0.49c Siegel269 Purchase: PsychCorp/Harcourt Assessment
Disorders Screening parent (14) (www.harcourtassessment.com)
Test-II, Developmental
Clinic Screener (PDDST-
II, DCS)
Pervasive Developmental 18–48 mo Questionnaire completed by 10–15 0.58c 0.60c Siegel269 Purchase: PsychCorp/Harcourt Assessment
Disorders Screening parent (12) (www.harcourtassessment.com)
Test-II, Autism Clinic
Severity Screener
(PDDST-II, ACSC)
Screening Tool for Autism in 24–36 mo Interactive, requires specific 20 0.92d 0.85d Stone et al,289 Stone Author: Wendy Stone, PhD (triad@vanderbilt.edu)
Two-Year-Olds (STAT) training (12) et al290
Social Communication ⱖ4 y Questionnaire completed by 5–10 0.85–0.96c 0.67–0.80c Berument et al,291 Purchase: Western Psychological Services
Questionnaire (SCQ) parent (40) Rutter et al292 (www.wpspublish.com)
(formerly the Autism
PEDIATRICS Volume 120, Number 5, November 2007

Screening Questionnaire
关ASQ兴)
The measures were selected on the basis of availability of some published psychometric properties (in English) with scoring instructions and pass/fail cutoffs or the equivalent.
a Level 1 tools are most likely to be used in primary care settings.

b Population-based sample.

c Clinical sample.

d Clinical and population-based samples.

Adapted from Coonrod EE, Stone WL. Screening for autism in young children. In: Volkmar FR, Paul R, Klin A, Cohen D, eds. Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders. 3rd ed. Vol 2. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2005:707–729; Campbell JM. Diagnostic
assessment of Asperger’s disorder: a review of five third-party rating scales. J Autism Dev Disord. 2005;35:25–35; and Rutter M, Bailey A, Lord C, et al. The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) Manual. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services; 2003.
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