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Substations Maintenance Plan

The document provides guidance on monthly maintenance procedures for various substation equipment. It includes checking lightening arrestor connections and insulation, ensuring proper oil levels in transformers and checking bushings. For circuit breakers, instructions are given to check gas pressure, controls and indications. Battery maintenance like cleaning and checking voltages and specific gravity is also outlined. The document provides color coding, identification letter and number standards and classifications of voltage levels. Shift handing over procedures, important shift activities like taking readings and the line clear procedure are also described.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
1K views8 pages

Substations Maintenance Plan

The document provides guidance on monthly maintenance procedures for various substation equipment. It includes checking lightening arrestor connections and insulation, ensuring proper oil levels in transformers and checking bushings. For circuit breakers, instructions are given to check gas pressure, controls and indications. Battery maintenance like cleaning and checking voltages and specific gravity is also outlined. The document provides color coding, identification letter and number standards and classifications of voltage levels. Shift handing over procedures, important shift activities like taking readings and the line clear procedure are also described.

Uploaded by

Gurudatt SH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MONTHLY MAINTENANCE OF SUBSTATION EQUIPMENTS

LIGHTNING ARRESTER
 Insulator cleaning
 Connections tightness
 Checking of Earthing connections
 Reading of leakage current on daily basis to be taken. If current shoots in red
zone, then that particular LA is to be replaced as early as possible

CURRENT TRANSFORMER
 Checking of Oil level & leakage, rectify the same immediately.
 Checking of Insulation Resistance.
 Power connection tightness.
 Secondary connection tightness.
 Cleaning of Bushings / Insulators.
 Check the proper earthing of Body connection.
 Check the earthing of CT Secondary core star points.

POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
 Checking of oil level & leakage, rectify the same immediately.
 Checking of Insulation Resistance.
 Power connection tightness.
 Secondary connection tightness.
 Cleaning of Bushings / Insulators.
 Check the proper earthing of Body and other end of primary winding.
 Check the secondary fuse condition & replace if required by proper rating

ISOLATORS

 Checking of the male / female contacts for good condition and proper
connections.
 Checking proper alignment of male & female contacts & rectify if required.
 Cleaning of Insulators.
 Cleaning of male/female contacts and apply the petroleum jelly.
 Lubrication of all moving parts on regular basis.
 Tightness of all earthing connections.
 In case of Isolator with Earth switch, check electrical and mechanical interlock
i.e. Isolator can be closed only when E/switch is in open condition & vice versa.
 As Isolators are operated on No load, hence check the interlock with Circuit
Breaker, if provided i.e. Isolators can be operated when Breaker is in OFF
 The motor operating mechanism box, in case of motor operated isolators,
should be checked for inside wiring, terminal connectors, etc.
 Check the Panel indications i.e. semaphore & bulbs if provided (Isolator and
Earth switch - close and open condition) and rectify if required.
CIRCUIT BREAKER

 Tightness of power connections & control wiring connections


 Cleaning of Insulators
 Checking of gas pressure for SF6 circuit breaker (leakages if any)
 Checking of Controls, Interlocks, Protections and mechanical & electrical indications in
local as well as remote.
 Cleaning of Auxiliary switches by CTC or CRC spray and checking its operation

POWER TRANSFORMER

 Tightness of power connections in bushings and control wirings in TRMB/OLTC


 Cleaning of Bushings
 Cleaning of body/radiators/cooling systems
 Check the proper earthing of neutrals/body of the transformer. Tighten the connections.
 Check the color of silica gel. If it is pink, reactivate or replace it. Also ensure proper quantity of oil
in breather oil cup.
 Check oil level in Conservator of Main Tank & OLTC. It should be > ½ level marking.
 Check oil level in Bushings.
 Check for any oil leakage. Arrest leakages, if any.
 Check the working of OTI & WTI by taking hourly temperature readings. There should be
changes in readings as per loading of transformer and atmospheric condition.
 Check the cooling system by making fans / pumps operation by manually.
 Checking of OLTC operation by manually and electrically and local/remote.
 Check the tap position of RTCC panel and OLTC panel. It should have same position number.
 Check the humming noise & vibration of transformer. If any abnormality found, it is to be referred
to concerned manufacturer

BATTERY & CHARGER

 Batteries should be cleaned regularly.


 Cell voltages & Specific gravity is to be recorded as per schedule.
 Batteries should be charged in a well-ventilated place, so that the gases and the
acid fumes are blown away.
 Tighten connections periodically. Apply petroleum jelly to terminals to prevent
corrosion.
 Maintain level of the electrolyte. Add only the distilled water. Add electrolyte
only if some of the electrolyte spills out.

COLORS FOR INTERNAL WIRING

Red - Phase connection,


Yellow - Phase connection,
Blue - Phase connection,
Black `- A.C. neutral connection, DC –ve Circuit, CT & PT Neutral Circuit
Green - Connections to earth
Grey - Connections in D.C.circuit
LETTERS FOR CIRCUIT IDENTIFICATION

A : CT Special Protection Circuit


B : CT Bus bar Protection Circuit
C : CT B/U Protection Circuit
D : CT Metering Circuit
E : PT Circuit
H : AC Supply
J : Main DC
K : DC Control Circuit
L : DC Indication Circuit
M : Motor Circuit
N : OLTC Control Circuit
S : SCADA circuit
U : Spare

NUMBERS FOR RELAY/EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION

2 : Time Delay Relay or Timer


21 : Distance Protection Relay
27 : Under Voltage Relay
49 : Winding Temperature Indicator
50/51 : IDMT Over Current Relay with Instantaneous element
50/51N : IDMT Earth Fault Relay with Instantaneous element
52 : AC Circuit Breaker
59 : Over Voltage Relay
62 : Pole Discrepancy Relay with timer
63 : Gas Operated Relay (Buchholz Relay)
64R : Restricted Earth Fault Relay
67 : Directional Over Current Relay
67N : Directional Earth Fault Relay
75 : P.T. selection Relay
80 : DC Supervision Relay
86 : Master Trip / Locking Out Relay
87 : Differential Relay
89 : Line Switch / Isolator (Electrically Operated)
94 : Anti-pumping Relay (For Breaker Control)
95 : Trip Circuit Supervision Relay
96 : Gas Pressure Relay (For Breaker Control)

CLASSIFICATION OF VOLTAGE LEVELS

Low Voltage : Below 1000 Volts LV


Medium high voltage : Between 1000 Volts and 33 KV MV
High Voltage : Above 33 KV and up to 110 KV HV
Extra High Voltage : 220 KV, 400 KV EHV
Ultra High Voltage : 760 KV UHV
SHIFT HANDING OVER AND TAKING OVER

Following points to be followed before taking over the shift


 Know the earlier shift activities such as work carried out in the
premise, man and machineries used etc

 LC details and pending LC if any such as any LC issued and


time of issue & return, reason of LC and feeder. LC taken by
and authorized by whom.

 Healthiness of the substation such as any faults observed in


previous shift and status

 Previous shift readings. Ensure all readings are taken properly


in previous shift

 Visitor details and instructions if any.

 Ensure all previous shift events are entered in log book and
shift book

Following points to be followed before handing over the shift

 Previous shift activities and its status to be informed.

 LC details such as issue time & return time, or pending LC,


issued by & reason and issued to & authorized by whom, to be
informed

 Status or remarks of the substation in the previous shift to be


informed

 Information to be conveyed about visitors

 Log book & shift book to be shown.

IMPORTANT SHIFT ACTIVITIES

As soon as taking charge following to be observed by shift engineer


and technician.
 All Voltages such as battery, Battery charger, Auxiliary AC, DC
& PT supply
 Transformer tap position, temperature indicators, load
 Pending Line clear
 Oil and Gas levels & acid level in the batteries
 Healthiness of the relays and annunciators
 Any oil or gas leakages in any equipments.
In 1st shift following readings to be taken in Yard
 Surge Monitors of all LA’s
 Circuit Breaker Counter & Gas Monitor
 OLTC Counter
 MOG Oil level
 Oil Level in Conservator
In Battery Bank and Charger following readings to be taken
 Individual Battery Voltage
 Total bank Voltage
 Battery specific Gravity
 AC voltage in Battery Charger
 Float Voltage
 Float Current
 Battery Current

LINE CLEAR PROCEDURE


Before issuing the Line Clear Shift Incharge should concentrate the
following points
 Ensure authorization of person who approached the LC

 Confirm Line, Feeder, Location or equipment of LC required and


reason

 Period of LC required

 Ensure no of persons working in LC

 Ensure availability of necessary tools/materials and proper PPE’s


for working personals

 Issue LC by informing concern incharge of the station

 Open Circuit Breaker of concerned line/feeder/location/equipment

 Open respected Isolators

 Provide proper ground i.e. In case of line Close the Earth switch

 Lock all the equipments which are opened for LC

 Issue the LC no and Time and PTW

 Enter all details in shift register and log book

 Display LC board on control panel and breaker in outdoor yard.

 Please provide separate LC for other approach in the same


feeder/line/equipment/location which is already under LC

While returning the line clear staffs should concentrate the following points

 Ensure LC No, time and name of the person


 Check the completion of work
 Check all tools/materials which was used for LC job
 Confirm no men are in line/feeder/location/equipment
 Ensure that there are no other line clear permits pending on the
same line / equipment
 Open all the Earth, close respective isolator and breaker
 Check the status of line/feeder/location/equipment after re start
 Enter all particulars, time of return and status of work in shift
register log book

DO’S AND DON’T IN SUBSTATION

DO’S
 Before opening any isolator, ensure that the concerned circuit breaker is in
open condition; ensure all the 3 phases of the isolator are fully open.
 Whenever transformer/incomer breaker trips or grid failure, hand trip all the
concerned outgoing feeder breakers before test charging the
transformer/incomer breaker.
 Record all necessary readings in every hour.
 Keep vigil on the over voltage /overloading of the equipments.
 Always maintain battery/DC supply at 110 – 120 V.
 Always be in communication with station incharge/authorized persons related
to the station

DON’T
 Do not open any G.O.S on load, without opening the circuit breaker.
 Do not close any G.O.S before opening the concerned circuit breaker during
Changeover.
 Do not close earth switch of the G.O.S unless respective circuit breakers and
G.O.S are open and also ensure that there is no back feeding on the line.
 Do not operate breakers when air and gas pressure is below operating value.
 Do not operate G.O.S and circuit breakers manually without wearing safety
gloves etc.
 Do not keep power transformer in charged conditions during abnormal
readings of winding and oil temperature.
 Do not allow workmen to attend any work without line clear and without the
equipment being, perfectly earthed and after discharging the equipments.
 Do not issue L.C on EHV lines without obtaining NO BACK FEED
CERTIFICATES from the other end.
 Do not use bare fingers or hands to determine whether a circuit is alive.
 Do not issue L.C permit by just hand tripping the breaker.
 Do not test charge power transformer in case it trips on buchholz
relay/differential relay/REFR.
 Do not neglect any annunciation until the problem is set right.
 Do not test charge any line or equipment without resetting the concerned
relays and annunciation.
 Do not forget to switch on the battery charger after attending the problems
related to D.C supply.
 Do not keep CT circuits open after attending any problem related to CT
circuit/Testing of CT or relays
 Do not leave the premises until the station charge is properly handed over to
the next shift-in-charge.

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