THE FACTORIES ACT, 1948

ACT NO. 63 OF 1948 1*

[23rd September, 1948.]
An Act to consolidate and amend the law regulating labour in
factories.
WHEREAS it is expedient to consolidate and amend the law
regulating labour in factories;
It is hereby enacted as follows:-

CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
1. Short title, extent and commencement.
(1) This Act may be called the Factories Act, 1948.
2*[(2) It extends to the whole of India 3***.]
(3) It shall come into force on the 1st day of April, 1949.

2. Interpretation.
In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or
context,-
(a) "adult" means a person who has completed his fifteenth
year of age;

(b) "adolescent" means a person who has completed his fifteen

year of age but has not completed his eighteenth year;

4*[(bb) "calendar year" means the period of twelve months

beginning with the first day of January in any year;]

(c) "child" means a person who has not completed his fifteenth
year of age;

5*[(ca)] "competent person", in relation to any provision of this

Act, means a person or an institution recognised as such by the
Chief Inspector for the purposes of carrying out tests,
examinations and inspections required to be done in a factory
under the provisions of this Act having regard to-
(i) the qualifications and experience of the person and facilities
available at his disposal;
or
(ii) the qualifications and experience of the persons employed
in such institution and
facilities available therein, With regard to the conduct of such
tests, examinations and inspections, and more than one person
or institution can be recognised as a competent person in
relation to a factory;

(cb) "hazardous process" means any process or activity in

relation to an industry specified in the First Schedule where,
unless special care is taken, raw materials used therein or the
intermediate or finished products, by-products, wastes or
effluents thereof would--
(i) Cause material impairment to the health of the persons
engaged in or connected therewith,
or
(ii) Result in the pollution of the general environment:
Provided that the State Government may, by notification in the
Official Gazette, amend the First Schedule by way of addition,
omission or variation of any industry specified in the said
Schedule;]

(d) "young person" means a person who is either a child or an

adolescent;

(e) "day" means a period of twenty-four hours beginning at

midnight;

(f) "week" means a period of seven days beginning at midnight

on Saturday night or such other night as may be approved in
writing for a particular area by the Chief Inspector of Factories;

(g) "power" means electrical energy, or any other form of

energy which is mechanically transmitted and is not generated
by human or animal agency;

(h) "prime mover" means any engine, motor or other appliance

which generates or otherwise provides power;

(i) "transmission machinery" means any shaft, wheel, drum,

pulley, system of pulleys, coupling, clutch, driving belt or other
appliance or device by which the motion of a prime mover is
transmitted to or received by any machinery or appliance;
(j) "machinery" includes prime movers, transmission machinery
and all other appliances whereby power is generated,
transformed, transmitted or applied;

(k) "manufacturing process" means any process for-

(i) making, altering, repairing, ornamenting, finishing, packing,
oiling, washing, cleaning,
breaking up, demolishing, or otherwise treating or adapting any
article or substance with a view to
its use sale, transport, delivery or disposal, or
1*[(ii) pumping oil, water, sewage or any 3 other substance; or]
(iii) generating, transforming or transmitting power; or
2*[(iv) composing types for printing, printing by letter press,
lithography,
photogravure or other similar process or book binding;]
3*[or] (v) constructing, reconstructing, repairing, refitting,
finishing or breaking up ships or
vessels; 3*[or]
1*[(vi) preserving or storing any article in cold storage;]

(l) "worker" means a person 2*[employed, directly or by or

through any agency (including a contractor) with or without the
knowledge of the principal employer, whether for remuneration
or not], in any manufacturing process, or in cleaning any part of
the machinery or premises used for a manufacturing process,
or in any other kind of work incidental to, or connected with,
the manufacturing process, or the subject of the manufacturing
process 1*[but does not include any member of the armed
forces of the Union];

(m) "factory" means any premises including the precincts

thereof-
(i) whereon ten or more workers are working, or were working
on any day of the preceding twelve months, and in any part of
which a manufacturing process is being carried on with the aid
of power, or is ordinarily so carried on, or (ii) whereon twenty
or more workers are working, or were working on any day of
the preceding twelve months, and in any part of which a
manufacturing process is being carried on without the aid of
power, or is ordinarily so carried on,- but does not include a
mine subject to the operation of 3*[the Mines Act, 1952 (35 of
1952),] or 4*[a mobile unit belonging to the armed forces of the
Union, a railway running shed or a hotel, restaurant or eating
place]. 5*[Explanation. 6*[I]--For computing the number of
workers for the purposes of this clause all the workers in
6*[different groups and relays] in a day shall be taken into
account;] 6*[Explanation. II.--For the purposes of this clause,
the mere fact that an Electronic Data Processing Unit or a
Computer Unit is installed in any premises or part thereof, shall
not be construed to make it a factory f no manufacturing
process is being carried on in such premises or part thereof;]

(n) "occupier" of a factory means the person who has ultimate

control over the affairs of the factory.
1*[Provided that- (i) in the case of a firm or other association of
individuals, any one of the individual partners or members
thereof shall be deemed to be the occupier; (ii) in the case of a
company, any one of the directors shall be deemed to be the
occupier; (iii) in the case of a factory owned or controlled by the
Central Government or any State Government, or any local
authority, the person or persons appointed to manage the
affairs of the factory by the Central Government, the State
Government or the local authority, as the case may be, shall be
deemed to be the occupier:];
1*[Provided further that in the case of a ship which is being
repaired, or on which maintenance work is being carried out, in
a dry dock which is available for hire,- (1) the owner of the dock
shall be deemed to be the occupier for the purposes of any
matter provided for by or under-
(a) section 6, section 7, 1*[section 7A, section 7B] section 11 or
section 12;
(b) section 17, in so far as it relates to the providing and
maintenance of sufficient and suitable lighting in or around the
dock;
(c) section 18, section 19, section 42, section 46, section 47 or
section 49, in relation to the workers employed on such repair
or maintenance;
(2) the owner of the ship or his agent or master or other officer-
in-charge of the ship or any person who contracts with such
owner, agent or master or other officer-in-charge to carry out
the repair or maintenance work shall be deemed to be the
occupier for the purposes of any matter provided for by or
under section 13, section 14, section 16 or section 17 (save as
otherwise provided in this proviso) or Chapter IV (except
section 27) or section 43, section 44 or section 45, Chapter VI,
Chapter VII, Chapter VIII or Chapter IX or section 108, section
109 or section 110, in relation to-
(a) the workers employed directly by him, or by or through any
agency; and
(b) the machinery, plant or premises in use for the purpose of
carrying out such repair or maintenance work by such owner,
agent, master or other officer-in-charge or person;]

(p) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made by the State

Government under this Act;
(r) where work of the same kind is carried out by two or more
sets of workers working during different periods of the day,
each of such sets is called a 2*["group" or "relay"] and each of
such periods is called a "shift".

3. References to time of day.

In this Act references to time of day are references to Indian
Standard Time, being five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich
Mean Time: Provided that for any area in which Indian Standard
Time is not ordinarily observed the State Government may
make rules-
(a) specifying the area,
(b) defining the local mean time ordinarily observed therein,
and
(c) permitting such time to be observed in all or any of the
factories situated in the area.

4. Power to declare different departments to be

separate factories or Two or more factories to be
a single factory.
The State Government may, 4*[on its own or] on an application
made in this behalf by an occupier, direct, by an order in
writing; 4*[and subject to such conditions as it may deem fit]
that for all or any of the purposes of this Act different
departments or branches of a factory of the occupier specified
in the application shall be treated as separate factories or that
two or more factories of the occupier specified in the
application shall be treated as a single factory:] 4*[Provided
that no order under this section shall be made by the State
Government on its own motion unless on opportunity of being
heard is given to the occupier.]

5. Power to exempt during public emergency.

In any case of public emergency the State Government may, by
notification in the Official Gazette, exempt any factory or class
or description of factories from all or any of the provisions of
this Act, 5*[except section 67] for such period and subject to
such conditions as it may think fit: Provided that no such
notification shall be made for a period exceeding three months
at a time.
[Explanation.--For the purposes of this section "public
emergency" means a grave emergency whereby the security of
India or of
any part of the territory thereof is threatened, whether by war
or
external aggression of internal disturbance.]

6. Approval, licensing and registration of

factories.
(1) The State Government may make rules-
2*[(a) requiring, for the purposes of this Act, the submission of
plans of any class or description of factories to the Chief
Inspector or the State
Government;] 3*[(aa)] requiring the previous permission in
writing of the State Government or the Chief Inspector to be
obtained for the site on which the factory is to be situated and
for the construction or extension of any factory or
class or description of factories; (b) requiring for the purpose of
considering application for such permission the submission of
plans and
specifications;
(c) prescribing the nature of such plans and specifications and
by whom they shall be certified;
(d) requiring the registration and licensing of factories or any
class or description of factories, and prescribing the fees
payable for such registration and licensing and for the renewal
of licences;
(e) requiring that no licence shall be granted or renewed unless
the notice specified in section 7 has been given.
(2) If on an application for permission referred to in 4*[clause
(aa)] of sub-section (1) accompanied by the plans and
specifications required by the rules made under clause (b) of
that sub-section, sent to the State Government or Chief
Inspector by registered post, no order is communicated to the
applicant within three months from the date on which it is so
sent, the permission applied for in the said application shall be
deemed to have been granted.
(3) Where a State Government or a Chief Inspector refuses to
grant permission to the site, construction or extension of a
factory or to the registration and licensing of a factory, the
applicant may within thirty days of the date of such refusal
appeal to the Central Government if the decision appealed from
was of the State Government and to the State Government in
any other case.
Explanation.--A factory shall not be deemed to be extended
within the meaning of this section by reason only of the
replacement of any plant or machinery, or within such limits as
may be prescribed, of the addition of any plant or machinery
1*[if such replacement or addition does not reduce the
minimum clear space required for safe working around the
plant or machinery or adversely affect the environmental
conditions from the evolution or emission of steam, heat or
dust or fumes injurious to health].

7. Notice by occupier.
(1) The occupier shall, at least fifteen days before he begins to
occupy or use any premises as a factory, sent to the Chief
Inspector a written notice containing- (a) the name and
situation of the factory;
(b) the name and address of the occupier;
2*[(bb) the name and address of the owner of the premises or
building (including the precincts thereof) referred to in section
93;]
(c) the address to which communications relating to the factory
may be sent;
(d) the nature of the manufacturing process- (i) carried on in
the factory during the last twelve months in the case of
factories in existence on the date of the commencement of this
Act, and (ii) to be carried on in the factory during
the next twelve months in the case of all factories;
3*[(e) the total rated horse power installed or to be installed in
the factory, which shall not include the rated horse power of
any separate stand-by plant;]
(f) the name of the manager of the factory of the purposes of
this Act;
(g) the number of workers likely to be employed in the factory;
(h) the average number of workers per day employed during
the last twelve months in the case of factory in existence on
the date of the commencement of this Act.
(i) such other particulars as may be prescribed.
(2) In respect of all establishments which come within the
scope of the Act for the first time, the occupier shall send a
written notice to the Chief Inspector containing the particulars
specified in subsection (1) within thirty days, from the date of
the commencement of this Act.
(3) Before a factory engaged in a manufacturing process which
is ordinarily carried on for less than one hundred and eighty
working days in the year resumes working, the occupier shall
send a written notice to the Chief Inspector containing the
particulars specified in sub-section (1) 1*[at least thirty days]
before the date of the commencement of work.
(4) Whenever a new manager is appointed, the occupier shall
send to the 2*[Inspector a written notice and to the Chief
Inspector a Copy thereof] within seven days from the date on
which such person takes over charges.
(5) During any period for which no person has been designated
as
manager of a factory or during which the person designated
does not
manage the factory, any person found acting as manage, or if
no such
person is found, the occupier himself, shall be deemed to be
the
manager of the factory for the purposes of this Act.

CHAPTER II
THE INSPECTING STAFF

7A. General duties of the occupier.

3*[7A. General duties of the occupier. (1) Every occupier shall
ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health, safety
and
welfare of all workers while they are at work in the factory.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of
subsection
(1), the matters to which such duty extends, shall include-
(a) the provision and maintenance of plant and systems of
work in the factory that are safe and without risks to
health;
(b) the arrangements in the factory for ensuring safety and
absence of risks to health in connection with the use,
handling, storage and transport of articles and
substances;
(c) the provision of such information, instruction,
training and supervision as are necessary to ensure the
health and safety of all workers at work;
(d) the maintenance of all places of work in the factory in
a condition that is safe without risks to health and
the provision and maintenance of such means of access
to, and egress from, such places as are safe and
without such risks;
(e) the provision, maintenance or monitoring of such
working environment in the factory for the workers that
is safe, without risks to health and adequate as
regards facilities and arrangements for their welfare
at work.
(3) Except in such cases as may be prescribed, every occupier
shall prepare, and, as often as may be appropriate, revise, a
written
statement of his general policy with respect to the health and
safety
of the workers at work and the organisation and arrangements
for the
time being in force for carrying out that policy, and to bring the
statement and any revision thereof to the notice of all the
workers in
such manner as may be prescribed.

7B. General duties of manufactures, etc., as

regards articles and substances for use in
factories.
4*[7B. General duties of manufactures, etc., as regards articles
and substances for use in factories. (1) Every person who
designs,
manufactures, imports or supplies any article for use in any
factory
shall--
(a) ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that the
article is so designed and constructed as to be safe
and without risks to the health of the workers when
properly used;
(b) carry out or arrange for the carrying out of such tests
and examination as may be considered necessary for the
effective implementation of the provisions of clause
(a);
(c) take such steps as may be necessary to ensure that
adequate information will be available-
(i) in connection with the use of the article in
any factory;
(ii) about the use for which it is designed and
tested; and
(iii) about any conditions necessary to ensure
that the article, when put to such use, will be safe,
and without risks to the health of the workers:
Provided that where an article is designed or
manufactured outside India, is shall be obligatory on the
part of the importer to see-
(a) that the article conforms to the same standards if such
article is manufactured in India, or
(b) if the standards adopted in the country outside for the
manufacture of such article is above the standards
adopted in India, that the article conforms to such
standards.
(2) Every person, who undertakes to design or manufacture any
article for use in any factory, may carry out or arrange for the
carrying out of necessary research with a view of the discovery
and,
so far as is reasonably practicable, the elimination or
minimisation
of any risks to the health or safety of the workers to which the
design or article may give rise.
(3) Nothing contained in sub-section (1) and (2) shall be
construed to require a person to repeat the testing,
examination or
research which has been carried out otherwise than by him or
at his
instance in so far as it is reasonable for him to rely on the
results
thereof for the purposes of the said sub-sections.
(4) Any duty imposed on any person by sub-section (1) and (20
shall extend only to things done in the course of business
carried on
by him and to matters within his control.
(5) Where a person designs, manufactures, imports or supplies
an
article on the basis of a written undertaking by the user of such
article to take the steps specified in such undertaking to
ensure, so
far as is reasonably practicable, that the article will be safe and
without risks to the health of the workers when properly used,
the
undertaking shall have the effect of relieving the person
designing,
manufacturing, importing or supplying the article from the duty
imposed by clause (a) of sub-section (1) to such extent as is
reasonable having regard to the term of the undertaking.
(6) For the purposes of this section, and article is not to be
regarded as properly used if it is used without regard to any
information or advice relating to its use which has been made
10
available by the person who has designed, manufactured,
imported or
supplied the article.
Explanation.--For the purposes of this section, "article" shall
include plant and machinery.

8. Inspectors.
(1) The State Government may, by notification in
the Official Gazette, appoint such persons as possess the
prescribed
qualification to be Inspectors for the purposes of this Act and
may
assign to them such local limits as it may think fit.
(2) The State Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, appoint any person to be a Chief Inspector who shall,
in
addition to the powers conferred on a Chief Inspector under this
Act,
exercise the powers of an Inspector throughout the State.
1*[(2A) The State Government may, by notification in the
Official
Gazette, appoint as many Addition Chief Inspector, Joint Chief
Inspector and Deputy Chief Inspector and as many other
officers as it
thinks fit to assist the Chief Inspector and to exercise such of
the
powers of the Chief Inspector as may be specified in such
notification.
(2B) Every additional Chief Inspector, Joint Chief Inspector,
Deputy Chief Inspector and every other officer appointed under
subsection (2A) shall, in addition to the powers of a Chief
Inspector
specified in the notification by which he is appointed, exercise
the
powers of an Inspector throughout the State.]
(3) No person shall be appointed under sub-section (1),
subsection
(2) 1*[sub-section (2A)] or sub-section (5) or, having been so
appointed, shall continue to hold officer, who is or becomes
directly
or indirectly interested in a factory or in any process or
business
carried on therein or in any patent or machinery connected
therewith.
(4) Every District Magistrate shall be an Inspector for his
district.
(5) The State Government may also, by notification as
aforesaid,
appoint such public officers as it thinks fit to be additional
Inspectors for all or any of the purposes of this Act, within such
local limits as it may assign to them respectively.
(6) In any area where there are more Inspectors than one the
State Government may, by notification as aforesaid, declare
the powers
which such Inspectors shall respectively exercise and the
Inspector
to whom the prescribed notices are to be sent.
(7) 2*[Every Chief Inspector, Additional Chief Inspector, Joint
Chief Inspector, Deputy Chief Inspector, Inspector and every
other
officer appointed under this section ] shall be deemed to be a
public shall be officially subordinate to such authority as the
State Government may specify in this behalf.
9. Powers of Inspectors.
Subject to any rules made in this behalf, an Inspector may,
within the local limits for which he is appointed,--
(a) enter, with such assistants, being persons in the service of
the Government, or any local or other public authority, 1*[or
with an expert] as he thinks fit, any place which is used, or
which he has reason to believe is used, as a factory;
1*[(b) make examination of the premises, plant, machinery,
article or substance;
(c) inquire into any accident or dangerous occurrence, whether
resulting in bodily injury, disability or not, and take on the spot
or otherwise statements of any person which he may consider
necessary for such inquiry;
(d) require the production of any prescribed register or any
other document relating to the factory;
(e) seize, or take copies of, any register, record or other
document or any portion thereof, as he may consider necessary
in respect of any offence under this Act, which he has reason to
believe, has been committed;
(f) direct the occupier that any premises or any part thereof, or
anything lying therein, shall be left disturbed (whether
generally or in particular respects)
for so long as is necessary for the purpose of any examination
under clause(b);
(g) take measurements and photographs and make such
recordings as he considers necessary for the purpose of any
examination under clause (b), taking with him any necessary
instrument or equipment;
(h) in case of any article or substance found in any premises,
being an article or substance which appears to him as having
caused or is likely to cause danger to
the health or safety of the workers, direct it to the dismantled
or subject it to any process or test (but not so as to damage or
destroy it unless the same is,
in the circumstances necessary, for carrying out the purposes
of this Act), and take possession of any such article or
substance or a part thereof, and detain it
for so long as is necessary for such examination;
(i) exercise such other powers as may be prescribed.] Provided
that no person shall be compelled under this section to answer
any question or give any evidence tending to incriminate
himself.
10. Certifying surgeons.
(1) The State Government may appoint
qualified medical practitioners to be certifying surgeons for the
purposes of this Act within such local limits or for such factory
or class or description of factories as it may assign to the
respectively.
(2) A certifying surgeon may, with the approval of the State
Government, authorize any qualified medical practitioner to
exercise
any of his powers under this Act for such period as the
certifying
surgeon may specify and subject to such conditions as the
State
Government may think fit to impose, and references in this Act
to a
certifying surgeon shall be deemed to include references to any
qualified medical practitioner when so authorized.
(3) No person shall be appointed to be, or authorized to
exercise
the powers of, a certifying surgeon, or having been so
appointed or
authorized, continue to exercise such powers, who is or
becomes the
occupier of a factory or is or becomes directly or indirectly
interested therein or in any process or business carried on
therein or
in any patent or machinery connected therewith or is otherwise
in the
employ of the factory:
1*[Provided that the State Government may, by order in writing
and subject to such conditions as may be specified in the order,
exempt any person or class of persons from the provisions of
this subsection
in respect of any factory or class or description of
factories.]
(4) The certifying surgeon shall carry out such duties as may be
prescribed in connection with-
(a) the examination and certification of young person under
this Act;
(b) the examination of persons engaged in factories in such
dangerous occupations or processes as may be
prescribed;
(c) the exercising of such medical supervision as may be
prescribed for any factory or class or description of
factories where--
(i) cases of illness have occurred which it
is reasonable to believe are due to the nature of
the manufacturing process carried on, or other
conditions of work prevailing, therein;
(ii) by reason of any change in the
manufacturing process carried on or in the
substances used therein or by reason of the
adoption of any new manufacturing process or of
any new substance for use in a manufacturing
process, there is a likelihood of injury to the
health of workers employed in that manufacturing
process;
(iii) young persons are, or are about to be,
employed in any work which is likely to cause
injury to their health.
Explanation.--In this section "qualified medical practitioner"
means a person holding a qualification granted by an authority
specified in the Schedule to the Indian Medical Degrees Act,
1916 (7
of 1916), or in the Schedules to the Indian Medical Council Act,
1933
(27 of 1933).
CHAPTER III
HEALTH

11. Cleanliness.
(1) Every factory shall be kept clean and free from effluvia
arising from any drain, privy or other nuisance, and in
particular-
(a) accumulation of dirt and refuse shall be removed daily
by sweeping or by any other effective method from the
floors and benches of workrooms and from staircases and
passages, and disposed of in a suitable manner;
(b) the floor of every workroom shall be cleaned at least
once in every week by washing, using disinfectant,
where necessary, or by some other effective method;
(c) where a floor is liable to become wet in the course of
any manufacturing process to such extent as is capable
of being drained, effective means of drainage shall be
provided and maintained;
(d) all inside walls and partitions, all ceilings or tops
of rooms and all walls, sides and tops of passages and
staircases shall-
(i) where they are 1*[painted otherwise than
with washable water-paint] or varnished, be
repainted or revarnished at least once in every
period of five years;
2*[(ia) where they are painted with washable
water paint, be repainted with at least one coat
of such paint at least once in every period of
three years and washed at least once in every
period of six months;]
(ii) where they are painted or varnished or
where they have smooth impervious surfaces, be
cleaned at least once in every period of fourteen
months by such method as may be prescribed;
(iii) in any other case, be kept whitewashed
or colour washed, and the whitewashing or
colour washing shall be carried out at least once
in every period of fourteen months;
2*[(dd) all doors and window frames and other wooden or
metallic framework and shutters shall be kept painted
or varnished and the painting or varnishing shall be
carried out at least once in every period of five
years;]
(e) the dates on which the processes required by clause (d)
are carried out shall be entered in the prescribed register.
(2) If, in view of the nature of the operations carried on 1*[in
a factory or class or description of factories or any part of a
factory or class or description of factories], it is not possible for
the occupier to comply with all or any of the provisions of
subsection
(1), the State Government may be order exempt such factory
or
class or description of factories 2* [or part] from any of the
provisions of that sub-section and specify alternative methods
for
keeping the factory in a clean state.
12. Disposal of wastes and effluents.
3*[(1) Effective
arrangements shall be made in every factory for the treatment
of
wastes and effluents due to the manufacturing process carried
on
therein, so as to render them innocuous and for their disposal.]
(2) The State Government may make rules prescribing the
arrangements to be made under sub-section (1) or requiring
that the
arrangements made in accordance with sub-section 91) shall
be approved
by such authority as may be prescribed.

13. Ventilation and temperature.

(1) Effective and suitable
provision shall be made in every factory for securing and
maintaining
in every workroom--
(a) adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh air,
and
(b) such a temperature as will secure to workers therein
reasonable conditions of comfort and prevent injury to health;-
and in particular,-
(i) walls and roofs shall be of such material and so designed
that such temperature shall not be exceeded but kept as low as
practicable;
(ii) where the nature of the work carried on in the factory
involves, or is likely to involve, the production of excessively
high temperatures, such adequate measures as are practicable
shall be taken to protect the
Workers there from, by separating the process which produces
such temperatures from the workroom, by insulating the
hot parts or by other effective means.
(2) The State Government may prescribe a standard of
adequate ventilation and reasonable temperature for any
factory or class or description of factories or parts thereof and
direct that 1*[proper measuring instruments, at such places
and in such position as may be specified, shall be provided and
such records, as may be prescribed, shall be maintained.]
1*[(3) If it appears to the Chief Inspector that excessively high
temperatures in any factory can be reduced by the adoption of
suitable
measures, he may, without prejudice to the rules made under
subsection
(2), serve on the occupier, an order in writing specifying the
measures which, in his opinion, should be adopted, and
requiring them
to be carried out before a specified date.]
14. Dust and fume.
(1) In every factory in which, by reason of
the manufacturing process carried on, there is given off any
dust or
fume or other impurity of such a nature and to such an extent
as is likely to be
injurious or offensive to the workers employed therein, or any
dust in
substantial quantities, effective measures shall be taken to
prevent
its inhalation and accumulation in any workroom, and if any
exhaust
appliance is necessary for this purpose, it shall be applied as
near
as possible to the point of origin of the dust, fume or other
impurity, and such point shall be enclosed so far as possible.
(2) In any factory no stationary internal combustion engine
shall
be operated unless the exhaust is conducted into the open air,
and no
other internal combustion engine shall be operated in any room
unless
effective measures have been taken to prevent such
accumulation of
fumes therefrom as are likely to be injurious to workers
employed in
the room.

15. Artificial humidification.

(1) In respect of all factories in
which the humidity of the air is artificially increased, the State
Government may make rules,-
(a) prescribing standards of humidification;
(b) regulating the methods used for artificially increasing the
humidity of the air;
(c) directing prescribed tests for determining the humidity of
the air to be correctly carried out and recorded;
(d) prescribing methods to be adopted for securing adequate
ventilation and cooling of the air in the workrooms.
(2) In any factory in which the humidity of the air is artificially
increased, the water used for the purpose shall be taken from a
public supply, or other source of drinking water, or shall be
effectively purified before it is so used.
(3) If it appears to an Inspector that the water used in a
factory for increasing humidity is required to be effectively
purified
under sub-section (2) is not effectively purified he may serve on
the
manager of the factory an order in writing, specifying the
measures
which in his opinion should be adopted, and requiring them to
be
carried out before specified date.
16. Overcrowding.
(1) No room in any factory shall be overcrowded to an extent
injurious to the health of the workers employed therein.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of sub-section (1), there
shall be in every workroom of factory in existence on the date
of the commencement of this Act at least 1*[9.9 cubic metres]
and of a factory built after the commencement of this Act at
least 1*[14.2 cubic meters] of space for every worker employed
therein, and for the purposes of this sub-section no account
shall be taken of any space which is more than 1*[4.2 meters]
above the level of the floor of the room.
(3) If the Chief Inspector by order in writing so requires, there
shall be posted in each workroom of a factory a notice
specifying the maximum number of workers who may, in
compliance with the provisions of this section, be employed in
the room.
(4) The chief Inspector may by order in writing exempt, subject
to such conditions, if any, as he may think fit to impose, any
workroom from the provisions of this section, if he is satisfied
that compliance therewith in respect of the rooms is
unnecessary in the interest of the health of the workers
employed therein.

17. Lighting.
(1) In every part of a factory where workers are working or
passing there shall be provided and maintained sufficient and
suitable lighting, natural or artificial, or both.
(2) In every factory all glazed windows and skylights used for
the lighting of the workrooms shall be kept clean on both the
inner an outer surfaces and, so far as compliance with the
provisions of any rules made under sub-section (3) of section
13 will allow, free from obstruction.
(3) In every factory effective provision shall, so far as is
practicable, be made for the prevention of-(a) glare, either
directly from a source of light or by
reflection from a smooth or polished surface;
(b) the formation of shadows to such an extent as to cause eye-
strain or the risk of accident to any worker.
(4) The State Government may prescribe standards of sufficient
and suitable lighting for factories or for any class of description
of factories or for any manufacturing process

18. Drinking water.

(1) In every factory effective arrangements
shall be made to provide and maintain at suitable points
conveniently
situated for all workers employed therein a sufficient supply of
wholesome drinking water.
(2) All such points shall be legibly marked "drinking water" in a
language understood by majority of the workers employed in
the
factory, and no such point shall be situated within 1*[six meters
of
any washing place, urinal, latrine, spittoon, open drain carrying
sullage or effluent or any other source of contamination] unless
a
shorter distance is approved in writing by the Chief Inspector.
(3) In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty
workers are ordinarily employed, provision shall be made for
cooling
drinking water during hot weather by effective means and for
distribution thereof.
(4) In respect of all factories or any class or description of
factories the State Government may make rules for securing
compliance
with the provisions of sub-sections (1), (2) and (3) and for the
examination by prescribed authorities of the supply and
distribution
of drinking water in factories.
19. Latrines and urinals.
(1) In every factory--
(a) sufficient latrine and urinal accommodation of
prescribed types shall be provided conveniently
situated and accessible to workers at all times while
they at the factory;
(b) separate enclosed accommodation shall be provided for
male and female workers;
(c) such accommodation shall be adequately lighted and
ventilated, and no latrine or urinal shall, unless
specially exempted in writing by the Chief Inspector,
communicate with any workroom except through an
intervening open space or ventilated passage;
(d) all such accommodation shall be maintained in a clean
and sanitary condition at all times;
(e) sweepers shall be employed whose primary duty it would
be to keep clean latrines, urinals and washing places.
(2) In every factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty
workers are ordinarily employed-
(a) all latrine and urinal accommodation shall be of
prescribed sanitary types;
(b) the floors and internal walls, up to a height of 2*
[ninety continents] of the latrines and urinals and the
sanitary blocks shall be laid in glazed tiles or
otherwise finished to provided a smooth polished
impervious surface;
(c) without prejudice to the provisions of clauses (d) and
(e) of sub-section (1), the floors, portions of the
walls and blocks so laid or finished and the sanitary
pans of latrines and urinals shall be thoroughly washed
and cleaned at least once in every seven days with
suitable detergents or disinfectants or with both.
(3) The State Government may prescribe the number of latrines
and
urinals to be provided in any factory in proportion to the
numbers of
male and female workers ordinarily employed therein, and
provide for
such further matters in respect of sanitation in factories,
including
the obligation of workers in this regard, as it considers
necessary in
the interest of the health of the workers employed therein.

20. Spittoons.
(1) In every factory there shall be provided a
sufficient number of spittoons in convenient places and they
shall be
maintained in a clean and hygienic condition.
(2) The State Government may make rules prescribing the type
and
the number of spittoons to be provided and their location in any
factory and provide for such further matters relating to their
maintenance in a clean and hygienic condition.
(3) No person shall spit within the premises of a factory except
in the spittoons provided for the purposes and a notice
containing
this provision and the penalty for its violation shall be
prominently
displayed at suitable places in the premises.
(4) Whoever spits in contravention of sub-section (3) shall be
punishable with fine not exceeding five rupees.
CHAPTER IV
SAFETY

21. Fencing of machinery.

(1) In every factory the following, namely,--
(i) every moving part of a prime mover and every flywheel
connected to a prime mover whether the prime mover or
flywheel is in the engine house or not;
(ii) the headrace and tailrace of every water-wheel and water
turbine;
(iii)any part of a stock-bar which projects beyond the head
stock of a lathe; and
(iv) unless they are in such position or of such construction as
to be safe to every person employed in the factory as they
would be if they were securely
fenced, the following, namely,--
(a) every part of an electric generator, a motor or rotary
convertor;
(b) every part of transmission machinery; and
(c) every dangerous part of any other machinery, shall be
securely fenced by safeguards of substantial construction which
1*[shall be constantly maintained and kept in position] while
the parts of machinery they are fencing are in motion or in use:
2*[Provided that for the purpose of determining whether any
part of machinery is in such position or is of such construction
as to be
safe as aforesaid, account shall not be taken of any occasion
when-
(i) it is necessary to make an examination of any part of the
machinery aforesaid while it is in motion or, as a result of such
examination, to carry out lubrication or other adjusting
operation while the machinery is in motion, being an
examination or operation which it is necessary to be carried out
while that part of the machinery is in motion, or
(ii) in the case of any part of a transmission machinery used in
such process as may be prescribed (being a process of a
continuous nature the carrying on of which shall be, or is likely
to be, substantially interfered with by the stoppage of that part
of the machinery), it is necessary to make an examination of
such part of the machinery while it is in motion or, as a result or
such examination, to carry out any mounting or shipping of
belts or lubrication or other adjusting operation while the
machinery is in motion,
and such examination or operation is made or carried out in
accordance
with the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 22.]
(2) The State Government may be rules prescribe such further
precautions as it may consider necessary in respect of any
particular
machinery or part thereof, or exempt, subject to such condition
as may
be prescribed, for securing the safety of the workers, any
particular
machinery or part thereof from the provisions of this section.
22. Work on or near machinery in motion.
(1) 1*[Where in any factory it becomes necessary to examine
any part of machinery referred
to in section 21, while the machinery is in motion, or, as a
result of
such examination, to carry out-
(a) in a case referred to in clause (i) of the proviso to
sub-section (1) of section 21, lubrication or other
adjusting operation; or
(b) in a case referred to in clause (ii) of the proviso
aforesaid, any mounting or shipping of belts or
lubrication or other adjusting operation,
while the machinery is in motion, such examination or
operation shall
be made or carried out only by a specially trained adult male
worker
wearing tight fitting clothing (which shall be supplied by the
occupier) whose name has been recorded in the register
prescribed in
this behalf and who has been furnished with a certificate of his
appointment, and while he is so engaged,--
(a) such worker shall not handle a belt at a moving pulley
unless20
(i) the belt is not more than fifteen
centimeters in width;
(ii) the pulley is normally for the purpose
of drive and not merely a fly-wheel or balance
wheel (in which case a belt is not permissible);
(iii) the belt joint is either laced or flush
with the belt;
(iv) the belt, including the joint and the
pulley rim, are in good repair;
(v) there is reasonable clearance between the
pulley and any fixed plant or structure;
(vi) secure foothold and, where necessary,
secure handhold, are provided for the operator;
and
(vii) any ladder in use for carrying out any
examination or operation aforesaid is securely
fixed or lashed or is firmly held by a second
person;]
(b) without prejudice to any other provision of this Act
relating to the fencing of machinery, every set screw,
bolt and key on any revolving shaft, spindle, wheel or
pinion, and all spur, worm and other toothed or
friction gearing in motion with which such worker would
otherwise be liable to come into contact, shall be
securely fenced to prevent such contact.
1*[(2) No woman or young person shall be allowed to clean,
lubricate or adjust any part of a prime mover or of any
transmission
machinery while the prime mover or transmission machinery is
in
motion, or to clean, lubricate or adjust any part of any machine
if
the cleaning, lubrication or adjustment thereof would expose
the woman
or young person to risk of injury from any moving part either of
that
machine or of any adjacent machinery.]
(3) The State Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, prohibit, in any specified factory or class or description
of
factories, the cleaning, lubricating or adjusting by any person of
specified parts of machinery when those parts are in motion.
Employment of young person’s on dangerous machines.
23. Employment of young person’s on dangerous
machines. (1) No young person [shall be required or allowed
to work] 2* at any machine
to which this section applies, unless he has been fully
instructed as
to the dangers arising in connection with the machine and the
precautions to be observed and-
(a) has received sufficient training in work at the
machine, or
(b) is under adequate supervision by a person who has a
through knowledge and experience of the machine.
(2) sub-section (1) shall apply to such machines as may be
prescribed by the State Government, being machines which in
its
opinion are of such a dangerous character that young person
ought not
to work at them unless the foregoing requirements are
complied with.
Striking gear and devices for cutting off power.

24. Striking gear and devices for cutting off

power.
(1) In every factory-
(a) suitable striking gear or other efficient mechanical
appliance shall be provided and maintained and used to
move driving belts to and from fast and loose pulleys
which form part of the transmission machinery, and such
gear or appliances shall be so constructed, placed and
maintained as to prevent the belt from creeping back on
to the fast pulley;
(b) driving belts when not in use shall not be allowed to
rest or ride upon shafting in motion.
(2) In every factory suitable devices for cutting off power in
emergencies from running machinery shall be provided and
maintained in
every work-room:
Provided that in respect of factories in operation before the
commencement of this Act, the provisions of this sub-section
shall
apply only to work-rooms in which electricity is used as power.
1*[(3) When a device, which can inadvertently shift from "off"
to
"on" position, is provided in a factory to cut off power,
arrangements
shall be provided for locking the device in safe position to
prevent
accidental starting of the transmission machinery or other
machines to
which the device is fitted.]

25. Self-acting machines.

No traversing part of a self-acting machine in any factory and
no material carried thereon shall, if the
space over which it runs is a space over which any person is
liable to
pass, whether in the course of his employment or otherwise, be
allowed
to run on its outward or inward traverse within a distance of
2*[forty-five centimeters] from any fixed structure which is not
part
of the machine:
Provided that the Chief Inspector may permit the continued use
of
a machine installed before the commencement of this Act
which does not
comply with the requirements of this section on such conditions
for
ensuring safety as he may think fit to impose.

26. Casing of new machinery.

(1) In all machinery driven by power
and installed in any factory after the commencement of this
Act,-
(a) every set screw, bolt or key on any revolving shaft,
spindle, wheel or pinion shall be so sunk, encased or
otherwise effectively guarded as to prevent danger;
(b) all spur, worm and other toothed or friction gearing
which does not require frequent adjustment while in
motion shall be completely encased, unless it is so
situated as to be as safe as it would be if it were
completely encased.
(2) Whoever sells or lets on hire or, as agent of a seller or
hirer, causes or procures to be sold or let on hire, for use in a
factory any machinery driven by power which does not comply
with the
provisions of 1*[sub-section (1) or any rules made under sub-
section
(3)], shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which
may
extend to three months or with fine which may extend to five
hundred
rupees or with both.
2*[(3) The State Government may make rules specifying further
safeguards to be provided in respect of any other dangerous
part of
any particular machine or class or description of machines.]

27. Prohibition of employment of women and

children near cotton-openers.
No woman or child shall be employed in any part of a factory
for pressing cotton in which a cotton-opener is at work:
Provided that if the feed-end of a cotton-opener is in a room
separated from the delivery end by a partition extending to the
roof
or to such height as the Inspector may in any particular case
specify
in writing, women and children may be employed on the side of
the
partition where the feed-end is situated.

28. Hoists and lifts.

(1) In every factory-
(a) every hoist and lift shall be--
(i) of good mechanical construction, sound
material and adequate strength:
(ii) properly maintained, and shall be
thoroughly examined by a competent person at least
once in every period of six months, and a register
shall be kept containing the prescribed
particulars of every such examination;
(b) every hoistway and liftway shall be sufficiently
protected by an enclosure fitted with gates, and the
hoist or lift and every such enclosure shall be so
constructed as to
prevent any person or thing from being trapped between
any part of the hoist or lift and any fixed structure
or moving part;
(c) the maximum safe working load shall be plainly marked
on every hoist or lift, and no load greater than such
load shall be carried thereon;
(d) the cage of every hoist or lift used for carrying
persons shall be fitted with a gate on each side from
which access is afforded to a landing;
(e) every gate referred to in clause (b) or clause (d)
shall be fitted with interlocking or other efficient
device to secure
that the gate cannot be opened except when the cage is
at the landing and that the cage cannot be moved unless
the gate is closed.
(2) The following additional requirements shall apply to hoists
and lifts used for carrying persons and installed or
reconstructed in
a factory after the commencement of this Act, namely:-
(a) where the cage is supported by rope or chain, there
shall be at least two ropes or chains separately
connected with the cage and balance weight, and each
rope or chain with its attachments shall be capable of
carrying the whole weight of the cage together with its
maximum load;
(b) efficient devices shall be provided and maintained
capable of supporting the cage together with its
maximum load in the event of breakage of the ropes,
chains or attachments;
(c) an efficient automatic device shall be provided and
maintained to prevent the cage from over-running.
(3) The Chief Inspector may permit the continued use of a hoist
or lift installed in a factory before the commencement of this
Act
which does not fully comply with the provisions of sub-section
(1)
upon such conditions for ensuring safety as he may think fit to
impose.
(4) The State Government may, if in respect of any class or
description of hoist or lift, it is of opinion that it would be
unreasonable to enforce any requirement of sub-sections (1)
and (2),
by order direct that such requirement shall not apply to such
class or
description of hoist or lift.
1*[Explanation.--For the purposes of this section, no lifting
machine or appliance shall be deemed to be a hoist or lift
unless it
has a platform or cage, the direction or movement of which is
restricted by a guide or guides.]
29. Lifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting
tackles.
2*[29. Lifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting tackles. (1)
In any factory the following provisions shall be complied with in
respect of every lifting machine (other than a hoist and lift) and
every chain, rope and lifting tackle for the purpose of raising or
lowering persons, goods or materials:-
(a) all parts, including the working gear, whether fixed or
movable, of every lifting machine and every chain, rope
or lifting tackle shall be--
(i) of good construction, sound material and
adequate strength and free from defects;
(ii) properly maintained; and
(iii) thoroughly examined by a competent
person at least once in every period of twelve
months, or at such intervals as the Chief
Inspector may specify in writing; and a register
shall be kept containing the prescribed
particulars of every such examination;
(b) no lifting machine and no chain, rope or lifting tackle
shall, except for the purpose of test, be loaded beyond
the safe working load which shall be plainly marked
thereon together with an identification mark and duly
entered in the prescribed register; and where this is
not practicable, a table showing the safe working loads
of every kind and size of lifting machine or chain,
rope or lifting tackle in use shall be displayed in
prominent positions on the premises;
(c) while any person is employed or working on or near the
wheel track of a travelling crane in any place where he
would be liable to be struck by the crane, effective
measures shall be taken to ensure that the crane does
not approach within 1*[six months] of that place.
(2) The State Government may make rules in respect of any
lifting
machine or any chain, rope or lifting tackle used in factories-
(a) prescribing further requirements to be complied with in
addition to those set out in this section;
(b) providing for exemption from compliance with all or any
of the requirements of this section, where in its
opinion, such compliance is unnecessary or
impracticable.
(3) For the purposes of this section a lifting machine or a
chain, rope or lifting tackle shall be deemed to have been
thoroughly
examined if a visual examination supplemented, if necessary,
by other
means and by the dismantling of parts of the gear, has been
carried
out as carefully as the conditions permit in order to arrive at a
reliable conclusion as to the safety of the parts examined.
Explanation.--In this section,--
(a) "lifting machine" means a crane, crab, which teagle
pulley block, gin wheel, transporter or runway;
1*[(b) "lifting tackle" means any chain sling, rope sling,
hook, shackle, swivel, coupling, socket, clamp, tray or
similar appliance, whether fixed or movable, used in
connection with the raising or lowering of persons, or
loads by use of lifting machines."]

30. Revolving machinery.

(1) 2*[In every factory] in which the
process of grinding is carried on there shall be permanently
affixed
to or placed near each
machine in use a notice indicating the maximum safe working
peripheral
speed of every grindstone or abrasive wheel, the speed of the
shaft or
spindle upon which the wheel is mounted, and the diameter of
the
pulley upon such shaft or spindle necessary to secure such safe
working peripheral speed.
(2) The speeds indicated in notices under sub-section (1) shall
not be exceeded.
(3) Effective measures shall be taken in every factory to ensure
that the safe working peripheral speed of every revolving
vessel,
cage, basket, flywheel, pulley, disc or similar appliance driven
by
power is not exceeded.

31. Pressure plant.

1*[(1) If in any factory, any plant or
machinery or any part thereof is operated at a pressure above
atmospheric pressure, effective measures shall be taken to
ensure that
the safe working pressure of such plant or machinery or part is
not
exceeded.]
(2) The State Government may make rules providing for the
examination and testing of any plant or machinery such as is
referred
to in sub-section (1) and prescribing such other safety
measures in
relation thereto as may in its opinion be necessary in any
factory or
class or description of factories.
2*[(3) The State Government may, by rules, exempt, subject to
such conditions as may be specified therein, any part of any
plant or
machinery referred to in sub-section (1) from the provisions of
this
section.]
32. Floors, stairs and means of access.
32. Floors, stairs and means of access. In every factory--
(a) all floors, steps, stairs, passages and gangways shall
be of sound construction and properly maintained 3*[and
shall be kept free from obstructions and substances
likely to cause persons to slip], and where it is
necessary to ensure safety, steps, stairs, passages and
gangways shall be provided with substantial handrails;
(b) there shall, so far as is reasonably practicable, be
provided and maintained safe means of access to every
place at which any person is at any time required to
work;
1*[(c) when any person has to work at a height from where
he is likely to fall, provision shall be made, so far
as is reasonably practicable, by fencing or otherwise,
to ensure the safety of the person so working.]

33. Pits, sumps, openings in floors, etc.

(1) In every factory
every fixed vessel, sump, tank, pit or opening in the ground or
in a
floor which, by reason of its depth, situation, construction or
contents, is or may be a source of danger, shall be either
securely
covered or securely fenced.
(2) The State Government may, by order in writing, exempt,
subject to such conditions as may be prescribed, any factory or
class
or description of factories in respect of any vessel, sump, tank,
pit
or opening from compliance with the provisions of this section.

34. Excessive weights.

(1) No person shall be employed in any
factory to lift, carry or move any load so heavy as to be likely to
cause him injury.
(2) The State Government may make rules prescribing the
maximum
weights which may be lifted, carried or moved by adult men,
adult
women, adolescents and children employed in factories or in
any class
or description of factories or in carrying on any specified
process.

35. Protection of eyes.

In respect of any such manufacturing
process carried on in any factory as may be prescribed, being a
process which involves--
(a) risk of injury to the eyes from particles or fragments
thrown off in the course of the process, or
(b) risk to the eyes by reason of exposure to excessive
light,
the State Government may by rules require that effective
screens or
suitable goggles shall be provided for the protection of persons
employed on, or in the immediate vicinity of, the process.

36. Precautions against dangerous fumes, gases,

etc.
(1) No person shall be required or allowed to enter any
chamber, tank, vat,
pit, pipe, flue or other confined space in any factory in which
any
gas, fume, vapour or dust is likely to be present to such an
extent as
to involve risk to persons being overcome thereby, unless it is
provided with a manhole of adequate size or other effective
means of
egress.
(2) No person shall be required or allowed to enter any confined
space as is referred to in sub-section (1), until all practicable
measures have been taken to remove any gas, fume, vapour or
dust,
which may be present so as to bring its level within the
permissible
limits and to prevent any ingress of such gas, fume, vapour or
dust
and unless-
(a) a certificate in writing has been given by a competent
person, based on a test carried out by himself that the
space is reasonably free from dangerous gas, fume,
vapour or dust; or
(b) such person is wearing suitable breathing apparatus and a
belt securely attached to a rope the free end of
which is held by a person outside the confined space."]

36A. Precautions regarding the use of portable

electric light.
In any factory--
(a) no portable electric light or any other electric
appliance of voltage exceeding twenty-four volts shall
be permitted for use inside any chamber, tank, vat,
pit, pipe, flue or other confined space; 2*[ unless
adequate safety devices are provided] and
(b) if any inflammable gas, fume or dust is likely to be
present in such chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe, flue or
other confined space, no lamp or light other than that
of flame-proof construction shall be permitted to be
used therein.]

37. Explosive or inflammable dust, gas, etc.

(1) Where in any factory any manufacturing process produces
dust, gas, fume or vapour of such character and to such extent
as to be likely to explode on
ignition, all practicable measures shall be taken to prevent any
such
explosion by--
(a) effective enclosure of the plant or machinery used in the
process;
(b) removal or prevention of the accumulation of such dust,
gas, fume or vapour;
(c) exclusion or effective enclosure of all possible sources of
ignition.
(2) Where in any factory the plant or machinery used in a
process such as is referred to in sub-section (1) is not so
constructed as to withstand the probable pressure which such
an explosion as aforesaid would produce, all practicable
measures shall be taken to restrict the spread and effects of
the explosion by the provision in the plant or machinery of
chokes, baffles, vents or other effective appliances.
(3) Where any part of the plant or machinery in a factory
contains any explosive or inflammable gas or vapour under
pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, that part shall not
be opened except in accordance with the following provisions,
namely:--
(a) before the fastening of any joint of any pipe connected with
the part or the fastening of the cover of any opening into the
part is the cover of any opening into the part is loosened, any
flow of the gas or vapour into the part of any such pipe shall be
effectively stopped by a stop-valve or other means;
(b) before any such fastening as aforesaid is removed, all
practicable measures shall be taken to reduce the pressure of
the gas or vapour in the part of pipe to
atmospheric pressure;
(c) where any such fastening as aforesaid has been loosened or
removed effective measures shall be taken to prevent any
explosive or inflammable gas or vapour from entering the part
or pipe until the fastening has been
secured, or, as the case may be, securely replaced: Provided
that the provisions of this sub-section shall not apply in the
case of plant or machinery installed in the open air.
(4) No plant, tank or vessel which contains or has contained
any explosive or inflammable substance shall be subjected in
any factory to any welding, brazing, soldering or cutting
operation which involves the application of heat unless
adequate measures have first been taken to remove such
substance and any fumes arising therefrom or to render such
substance and fumes non-explosive or non-inflammable, and
no such substance shall be allowed to enter such plant, tank or
vessel after any such operation until the metal has cooled
sufficiently to prevent any risk of igniting the substance.
(5) The State Government may by rules exempt, subject to
such
conditions as may be prescribed, any factory or class or
description
of factories from compliance with all or any of the provisions of
this
section.

38. Prescautions in case of fire.

(1) In every factory, all
practicable measures shall be taken to prevent outbreak of fire
and
its spread, both internally and externally, and to provide and
maintain--
(a) safe means of escape for all persons in the event of a
fire, and
(b) the necessary equipment and facilities for
extinguishing fire.
(2) Effective measures shall be taken to ensure that in every
factory all the workers are familiar with the means of escape in
case
of fire and have been adequately trained in the routine to be
followed
in such cases.
(3) The State Government may make rules, in respect of any
factory or class or description of factories, requiring the
measures
to be adopted to give effect to the provisions of sub-sections
(1) and
(2).
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (a) of
subsection
(1) or sub-section (2), if the Chief Inspector, having regard
to the nature of the work carried on in any factory, the
construction
of such factory, special risk to life or safety, or any other
circumstances, is of the opinion that the measures provided in
the
factory, whether as prescribed or not, for the purposes of
clause (a)
of sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), are inadequate, he may,
by
order in writing, require that such additional measures as he
may
consider reasonable and necessary, be provided in the factory
before
such date as it specified in the order.]

39. Power to require specifications of defective

parts or tests of stability.
If it appears to the Inspector that any building or part
of a building or any part of the ways, machinery or plant in a
factory
is in such a condition that it may be dangerous to human life or
safety, he may serve on 1*[the occupier or manager or both] of
the
factory an order in writing requiring him before a specified
date--
(a) to furnish such drawings, specifications and other
particulars as may be necessary to determine whether
such building, ways, machinery or plant can be used
with safety, or
(b) to carry out such tests in such manner as may be
specified in the order, and to inform the Inspector of
the results thereof.

40. Safety of buildings and machinery.

(1) If it appears to the
Inspector that any building or part of a building or any part of
the
ways, machinery or plant in a factory is in such a condition that
it
is dangerous to human life or safety, he may serve on 1*[the
occupier
or manager or both] of the factory an order in writing specifying
the
measures which in his opinion should be adopted, and requiring
them to
be carried out before a specified date.
(2) If it appears to the Inspector that the use of any building
or part of a building or any part of the ways, machinery or plant
in a
factory involves imminent danger to human life or safety, he
may serve
on 1*[the occupier or manager or both] of the factory an order
in
writing prohibiting its use until it has been properly repaired or
altered.

40A. Maintenance of buildings.

If it appears to the Inspector
that any building or part of a building in a factory is in such a
state of disrepair as is likely to lead to conditions detrimental to
the health and welfare of the workers, he may serve on the
occupier or
manager or both of the factory an order in writing specifying
the
measures which in his opinion should be taken and requiring
the same
to be carried out before such date as is specified in the order.
40B. Safety Officers.
(1) In every factory,--
(i) wherein one thousand or more workers are ordinarily
employed, or
(ii) wherein, in the opinion of the State Government, any
manufacturing process or operation is carried on, which
process or operation involves any risk of bodily
injury, poisoning or disease, or any other hazard to
health, to the persons employed in the factory,
the occupier shall, if so required by the State Government by
notification in the Official Gazette, employ such number of
Safety
Officers as may be specified in that notification.
(2) The duties, qualifications and conditions of service of
Safety Officers shall be such as may be prescribed by the State
Government.]

41. Power to make rules to supplement this

Chapter
The State
Government may make rules requiring the provision in any
factory or in
any class or description of factories of such further 1*[devices
and
measures] for securing the safety of persons employed therein
as it
may deem necessary.

CHAPTER IV A
PROVISIONS RELATING TO HAZARDOUS PROCESSES

41A. Constitution of Site Appraisal Committees.

(1) The State
Government may, for purposes of advising it to consider
applications
for grant of permission for the initial location of a factory
involving a hazardous process or for the expansion of any such
factory, appoint a Site Appraisal Committee consisting of--
(a) the Chief Inspector of the State who shall be its
Chairman;
(b) a representative of the Central Board for the
Prevention and Control of Water Pollution appointed by
the Central Government under section 3 of the Water
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of
1974);
(c) a representative of the Central Board for the
Prevention and Control of Air Pollution referred to in
section 3 of the Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981);
(d) a representative of the State Board appointed under
section 4 of the Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1974; (6 of 1974).
(e) a representative of the State Board for the Prevention
and Control of Air Pollution referred to in section 5
of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981 (14 of 1981);
(f) a representative of the Department of Environment in
the State;
(g) a representative of the Meteorological Department of
the Government of India;
(h) an expert in the field of occupational health; and
(i) a representative of the Town Planning Department of the
State Government,
and not more than five other members who may be co-opted
by the State
Government who shall be--
(i) a scientist having specialised knowledge of the
hazardous process which will be involved in the
factory,
(ii) a representative of the local authority within whose
jurisdiction the factory is to be established, and
(iii)not more than three other persons as deemed fit by the
State Government.
(2) The Site Appraisal Committee shall examine an application
for
the establishment of a factory involving hazardous process and
make
its recommendation to the State Government within a period of
ninety
days of the receipt of such applications in the prescribed form.
(3) Where any process relates to a factory owned or controlled
by
the Central Government or to a corporation or a company
owned or
controlled by the Central Government, the State Government
shall coopt
in the Site Appraisal Committee a representative nominated by
the
Central Government as a member of that Committee.
(4) The Site Appraisal Committee shall have power to call for
any
information from the person making an application for the
establishment or expansion of a factory involving a hazardous
process.
(5) Where the State Government has granted approval to an
application for the establishment or expansion of a factory
involving
a hazardous process, it shall not be necessary for an applicant
to
obtain a further approval from the Central Board or the State
Board
established under the Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act,
1974 (6 of 1974) and the Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) A
Act 1981 (14 of 1981).
41B. Compulsory disclosure of information by the
occupier.
(1) The occupier of every factory involving a hazardous process
shall
disclose in the manner prescribed all information regarding
dangers,
including health hazards and the measures to overcome such
hazards
arising from the exposure to or handling of the materials or
substances in the manufacture, transportation, storage and
other
processes, to the workers employed in the factory, the Chief
Inspector, the local authority within whose jurisdiction the
factory
is situate and the general public in the vicinity.
(2) The occupier shall, at the time of registering the factory
involving a hazardous process lay down a detailed policy with
respect
to the health and safety of the workers employed therein and
intimate
such policy to the Chief Inspector and the local authority and,
thereafter, at such intervals as may be prescribed, inform the
Chief
Inspector and the local authority of any change made in the
said
policy.
(3) The information furnished under sub-section (1) shall
include
accurate information as to the quantity, specifications and
other
characteristics of wastes and the manner of their disposal.
(4) Every occupier shall, with the approval of the Chief
Inspector, draw up an on-site emergency plan and detailed
disaster
control measures for his factory and make known to the
workers
employed therein and to the general public living in the vicinity
of
the factory the safety measures required to be taken in the
event of
an accident taking place.
(5) Every occupier of a factory shall,--
(a) if such factory engaged in a hazardous process on the
commencement of the Factories (Amendment) Act, 1987,
within a period of thirty days of such commencement;
and
(b) if such factory proposes to engage in a hazardous
process at any time after such commencement, within a
period of thirty days before the commencement of such
process,
inform the Chief Inspector of the nature and details of the
process in
such form and in such manner as may be prescribed.
(6) Where any occupier of a factory contravenes the provisions
of
sub-section (5), the licence issued under section 6 to such
factory
shall, notwithstanding any penalty to which the occupier or
factory
shall be subjected to under the provisions of this Act, be liable
for
cancellation.
(7) The occupier of a factory involving a hazardous process
shall, with the previous approval of the Chief Inspector, lay
down
measures for the handling, usage, transportation and storage
of
hazardous substances inside the factory premises and publicise
them in
the manner prescribed among the workers and the general
public livingin the vicinity.

41C. Specific responsibility of the occupier in

relation to
Hazardous processes.
Every occupier of a factory involving any
hazardous process shall--
(a) maintain accurate and up-to-date health records or, as
the case may be, medical records, of the workers in the
factory who are exposed to any chemical, toxic or any
other harmful substances which are manufactured,
stored, handled or transported and such records shall
be accessible to the workers subject to such conditions
as may be prescribed;
(b) appoint persons who possess qualifications and experience
in handling hazardous substances and are competent to
supervise such handling within the factory and to provide at the
working place all the necessary facilities for protecting the
workers in the manner prescribed:
Provided that where any question arises as to the qualifications
and experience of a person so appointed, the decision of the
Chief Inspector shall be final;
(c) provide for medical examination of every worker--
(a) before such worker is assigned to a job involving the
handling of, or working with, a hazardous substance, and
(b) while continuing in such job, and after he has ceased to
work in such job, at intervals not exceeding twelve months, in
such manner as may be prescribed.

41D.Power of Central Government to appoint

Inquiry Committee.
(1) The Central Government may, in the event of the
occurrence of an
extraordinary situation involving a factory engaged in a
hazardous
process, appoint an Inquiry Committee to inquire into the
standards of
health and safety observed in the factory with a view to finding
out
the causes of any failure or neglect in the adoption of any
measures
or standards prescribed for the health and safety of the workers
employed in the factory or the general public affected or likely
to be
affected, due to such failure or neglect and for the prevention
and
recurrence of such extraordinary situations in future in such
factory
or elsewhere.
(2) The Committee appointed under sub-section (1) shall
consist
of a Chairman and two other members and the terms of
reference of the
Committee and the tenure of office of its member shall be such
as may
be determined by the Central Government according to the
requirements
of the situation.
(3) The recommendations of the Committee shall be advisory in
nature.

41E. Emergency standards.

(1) Where the Central Government is
satisfied that no standards of safety have been prescribed in
respect
of a hazardous process or class of hazardous processes, or
where the
standards so prescribed are inadequate, it may direct the
Director-
General of Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes or any
institution specialised in matters relating to standards of safety
in
hazardous processes, to lay down emergency standards for
enforcement
of suitable standards in respect of such hazardous processes.
(2) The emergency standards laid down under sub-section
shall,
until they are incorporated in the rules made under this be
enforceable and have the same effect as if they had been
incorporated
in the rules made under this Act.
41F. Permissible limits of exposure of chemical
and toxic sub-stances.
(1) The maximum permissible threshold limits of exposure of
chemical and toxic substances in manufacturing processes
(whether
hazardous or otherwise) in any factory shall be of the value
indicated
in the Second Schedule.
(2) The Central Government may, at any time, for the purpose
of
giving effect to any scientific proof obtained from specialised
institutions or experts in the field, by notification in the Official
Gazette, make suitable changes in the said Schedule.]

41G. Workers' participation in safety

management.
(1) The occupier shall, in every factory where a hazardous
process takes
place, or where hazardous substances are used or handled, set
up a
Safety Committee consisting of equal number of
representatives of
workers and management to promote cooperation between the
workers and
the management in maintaining proper safety and health at
work and to
review periodically the measures taken in that behalf:
Provided that the State Government may, by order in writing
and
for reasons to be recorded, exempt the occupier of any factory
or
class of factories from setting up such Committee.
(2) The composition of the Safety Committee, the tenure of
office
of its members and their rights and duties shall be such as may
be
prescribed.
41H. Right of workers to warn about imminent
danger.
(1) Where the workers employed in any factory engaged in a
hazardous process have reasonable apprehension that there is
a likelihood of imminent danger to their lives or health due to
any accident, they may bring the same to the notice of the
occupier, agent, manager or any other person who is incharge
of the factory or the process concerned directly or through their
representatives in the Safety Committee and simultaneously
bring the same to the notice of the Inspector.
(2) It shall be the duty of such occupier, agent, manager or the
person incharge of the factory or process to take immediate
remedial
action if he is satisfied about the existence of such imminent
danger
and send a report forthwith of the action taken to the nearest
Inspector.
(3) If the occupier, agent, manager or the person incharge
referred to in sub-section (2) is not satisfied about the
existence of
any imminent danger as apprehended by the workers, he shall,
nevertheless, refer the matter forthwith to the nearest
Inspector
whose decision on the question of the existence of such
imminent
danger shall be final."]
CHAP
WELFARE

42.Washing facilities.
(1) In every factory--
(a) adequate and suitable facilities for washing shall be
provided and maintained for the use of the workers
therein;
(b) separate and adequately screened facilities shall be
provided for the use of male and female workers;
(c) such facilities shall be conveniently accessible and
shall be kept clean.
(2) The State Government may, in respect of any factory or
class
or description of factories or of any manufacturing process,
prescribe
standards of adequate and suitable facilities for washing.

43. Facilities for storing and drying clothing.

The State Government may, in respect of any factory or class
or description of factories, make rules requiring the provision
therein of suitable places for keeping clothing not worn during
working hours and for the drying of wet clothing.
44. Facilities for sitting.
(1) In every factory suitable arrangements for sitting shall be
provided and maintained for all workers obliged to work in a
standing position, in order that they may take advantage of any
opportunities for rest which may occur in the
course of their work.
(2) If, in, the opinion of the Chief Inspector, the workers in any
factory engaged in a particular manufacturing process or
working in a particular room are able to do their work efficiently
in a sitting position, he may, by order in writing, require the
occupier of the factory to provide before a specified date such
seating arrangements as may be practicable for all workers so
engaged or
working.
(3) The State Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, declare that the provisions of sub-section (1) shall not
apply to any specified factory or class or description of factories
or
to any specified manufacturing process.
45. First-aid appliances.
(1) There shall in every factory be provided and maintained so
as to be readily accessible during all working hours first-aid
boxes or cupboards equipped with the prescribed contents, and
the number of such boxes or cupboards to be provided and
maintained shall not be less than one for every one hundred
and fifty workers ordinarily employed 1*[at any one time] in the
factory.
2*[(2) Nothing except the prescribed contents shall be kept in a
first-aid box or cupboard.
(3) Each first-aid box or cupboard shall be kept in the charge of
a separate responsible person 3*[who holds a certificate in first-
aid treatment recognised by the State Government] and who
shall always be readily available during the working hours of
the factory.]
4*[(4)] In every factory wherein more than five hundred
workers are 5*[ordinarily employed] there shall be provided
and maintained an ambulance room of the prescribed size,
containing the prescribed equipment and in the charge of such
medical and nursing staff as may be prescribed 6*[and those
facilities shall always be made readily available during the
working hours of the factory].

46. Canteens.
(1) The State Government may make rules requiring that in any
specified factory wherein more than two hundred and fifty
workers are ordinarily employed, a canteen or canteens shall
be provided and maintained by the occupier for the use of the
workers.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power,
such rules may provide for--
(a) the date by which such canteen shall be provided;
(b) the standards in respect of construction, accommodation,
furniture and other equipment of the canteen;
(c) the foodstuffs to be served therein and the charges which
may be made therefor;
(d) the constitution of a managing committee for the canteen
and representation of the workers in the management of the
canteen; 1*[(dd) the items of expenditure in the running of the
canteen which are not to be taken into account in fixing the
cost of foodstuffs and which shall be borne
by the employer;]
(e) the delegation to the Chief Inspector, subject to such
conditions as may be prescribed, of the power to makerules
under clause (c).
47. Shelters, rest rooms and lunch rooms. (1) In
every factory
wherein more than one hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily
employed, adequate and suitable shelters or rest rooms and a
suitable
lunch room, with provision for drinking water, where workers
can eat
meals brought by them, shall be provided and maintained for
the use of
the workers:
Provided that any canteen maintained in accordance with the
provisions of section 46 shall be regarded as part of the
requirements
of this sub-section:
Provided further that where a lunch room exists no worker shall
eat any food in the work room.
(2) The shelters or rest rooms or lunch rooms to be provided
under sub-section (1) shall be sufficiently lighted and ventilated
and
shall be maintained in a cool and clean condition.
(3) The State Government may--
(a) prescribe the standards in respect of construction,
accommodation, furniture and other equipment of
shelters, rest rooms and lunch rooms to be provided
under this section;
(b) by notification in the Official Gazette, exempt any
factory or class or description of factories from the
requirements of this section.

48. Creches. (1) In every factory wherein more than

1*[thirty
women workers] are ordinarily employed there shall be
provided and
maintaained a suitable room or rooms for the use of children
under
the age of six years of such women.
(2) Such rooms shall provide adequate accommodation, shall
be
adequately lighted and ventilated, shall be maintained in a
clean and
sanitary condition and shall be under the charge of women
trained in
the care of children and infants.
(3) The State Government may make rules--
(a) prescribing the location and the standards in respect
of construction, accommodation, furniture and other
equipment of rooms to be provided under this section;
(b) requiring the provision in factories to which this
section applies of additional facilities for the care
of children belonging to women workers, including
suitable provision of facilities for washing and
changing their clothing;
(c) requiring the provision in any factory of free milk or
refreshment or both for such children;
(d) requiring that facilities shall be given in any factory
for the mothers of such children to feed them at the
necessary intervals.

49. Welfare officers. (1) In every factory wherein five

hundred
or more workers are ordinarily employed the occupier shall
employ in
the factory such number of welfare officers as may be
prescribed.
(2) The State Government may prescribe the duties,
qualifications
and conditions of service of officers employed under sub-
section (1).

50. Power to make rules to supplement this

Chapter.
The State
Government may make rules--
(a) exempting, subject to compliance with such alternative
arrangements for the welfare of workers as may be
prescribed, any factory or class or description of
factories from compliance with any of the provisions of
this Chapter;
(b) requiring in any factory or class or description of
factories that representatives of the workers employed
in the factory shall be associated with the management
of the welfare arrangements of the workers.

CHAPTER VI
WORKING HOURS OF ADULTS
51.Weekly hours.
No adult worker shall be required or allowed to
work in a factory for more than forty-eight hours in any week.

52. Weekly holidays.

(1) No adult worker shall be required or
allowed to work in a factory on the first day of the week
(hereinafter
referred to as the said day), unless--
(a) he has or will have a holiday for a whole day on one of
the three days immediately before or after the said
day, and
(b) the manager of the factory has, before the said day or
the substituted day under clause (a), whichever is
earlier,--
(i) delivered a notice at the office of the
Inspector of his intention to require the worker
to work on the said day and of the day which is to
be substituted, and
(ii) displayed a notice to that effect in the
factory:
Provided that no substitution shall be made which will result in
any worker working for more than ten days consecutively
without a
holiday for a whole day.
(2) Notices given under sub-section (1) may be cancelled by a
notice delivered at the office of the Inspector and a notice
displayed
in the factory not later than the day before the said day or the
holiday to be cancelled, whichever is earlier.
(3) Where, in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (1),
any worker works on the said day and has had a holiday on one
of the
three days immediately before it, that said day shall, for the
purpose
of calculating his weekly hours of work, be included in the
preceding
week.
53. Compensatory holidays. (1) Where, as a result of
the passing
of an order or the making of a rule under the provisions of this
Act
exempting a factory or the workers therein from the provisions
of
section 52, a worker is deprived of any of the weekly holidays
for
which provision is made in sub-section (1) of that section, he
shall
be allowed, within the month in which the holidays were due to
him or
within the two months immediately following that month,
compensatory
holidays of equal number of the holidays so lost.
(2) The State Government may prescribe the manner in which
the
holidays for which provision is made in sub-section (1) shall be
allowed.

54. Daily hours. Subject to the provisions of section 51, no

adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in a factory
for
more than nine hours in any day:
1*[Provided that, subject to the previous approval of the Chief
Inspector, the daily maximum specified in this section may be
exceeded
in order to facilitate the change of shifts.]

55. Intervals for rest. 2*[(1)]3*[The periods of work] of

adult
workers in a factory each day shall be so fixed that no period
shall
exceed five hours and that no worker shall work for more than
five
hours before he has had an interval for rest of at least half an
hour.
4*[(2) The State Government or, subject to the control of the
State Government, the Chief Inspector, may, by written order
and for
the reasons specified therein, exempt any factory from the
provisions
of sub-section (1) so however that the total number of hours
worked by
a worker without an interval does not exceed six.]

56. Spread over. The periods of work of an adult worker in

a
factory shall be so arranged that inclusive of his intervals for
rest
under section 55, they shall not spreadover more than ten and
a half
hours in any day: Provided that the Chief Inspector may, for
reasons to be
specified in writing, increase the 5*[spreadover up to twelve
hours].

57. Night shifts. Where a worker in a factory works on a

shift
which extends beyond midnight,--
(a) for the purposes of sections 52 and 53, a holiday for a
whole day shall mean in his case a period of twentyfour
consecutive hours beginning when his shift ends;
(b) the following day for him shall be deemed to be the
period of twenty-four hours beginning when such shift
ends, and the hours he has worked after midnight
shall be counted in the previous day.

58. Prohibition of overlapping shifts. (1) Work shall

not be
carried on in any factory by means of a system of shifts so
arranged
that more than one relay of workers is engaged in work of the
same
kind at the same time.
1*[(2) The State Government or subject to the control of the
State Government, the Chief Inspector, may, by written order
and for
the reasons specified therein, exempt on such conditions as
may be
deemed expedient, any factory or class or description of
factories or
any department or section of a factory or any category or
description
of workers therein from the provisions of sub-section (1).]

59. Extra wages for overtime. (1) Where a worker

works in a
factory for more than nine hours in any day or for more than
fortyeight
hours in any week, he shall, in respect of overtime work, be
entitled to wages at the rate of twice his ordinary rate of
wages.
2*[(2) For the purposes of sub-section (1), "ordinary rate of
wages" means the basic wages plus such allowances, including
the cash
equivalent of the advantage accruing through the concessional
sale to
workers of foodgrains and other articles, as the worker is for
the
time being entitled to, but does not include a bonus and wages
for
overtime work.
(3) Where any workers in a factory are paid on a piece-rate
basis, the time rate shall be deemed to be equivalent to the
daily
average of their full-time earnings for the days on which they
actually worked on the same or identical job during the month
immediately preceding the calendar month during which the
overtime
work was done, and such time rates shall be deemed to be the
ordinary
rates of wages of those workers:
Provided that in the case of a worker who has not worked in the
immediately preceding calendar month on the same or
identical job, the
time rate shall be deemed to be equivalent to the daily average
of the
earning of the worker for the days on which he actually worked
in the
week in which the overtime work was done.
Explanation.--For the purposes of this sub-section in computing
the earnings for the days on which the worker actually worked
such
allowances, including the cash equivalent of the advantage
accruing
through the concessional sale to workers of foodgrains and
other
articles, as the worker is for the time being entitled to, shall be
included but any bonus or wages for overtime work payable in
relation
to the period with reference to which the earnings are being
computed
shall be excluded.]
1*[(4) The cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through
the
concessional sale to a worker of foodgrains and other articles
shall
be computed as often as may be prescribed on the basis of the
maximum
quantity of foodgrains and other articles admissible to a
standard
family.
Explanation 1.--"Standard family" means a family consisting of
the worker, his or her spouse and two children below the age of
fourteen years requiring in all three adult consumption units.
Explanation 2.--"Adult consumption unit" means the
consumption
unit of a male above the age of fourteen years; and the
consumption
unit of a female above the age of fourteen years; and that of a
child
below the age of fourteen years shall be calculated at the rates
of .8
and .6 respectively of one adult consumption unit.
(5) The State Government may make rules prescribing-
(a) the manner in which the cash equivalent of the
advantage accruing through the concessional sale to a
worker of foodgrains and other articles shall be
computed; and
(b) the registers that shall be maintained in a factory for
the purpose of securing compliance with the provisions
of this section.]

60. Restriction on double employment. No adult

worker shall be
required or allowed to work in any factory on any day on which
he has
already been working in any other factory, save in such
circumstances
as may be prescribed.

61. Notice of periods of work for adults. (1) There

shall be
displayed and correctly maintained in every factory in
accordance with
of work for adults, showing clearly for every day the periods
during
which adult workers may be required to work.
(2) The periods shown in the notice required by sub-section (1)
shall be fixed beforehand in accordance with the following
provisions
of this section, and shall be such that workers working for those
periods would not be working in contravention of any of the
provisions
of sections, 51,52,54, 1*[55,56 and 58].
(3) Where all the adult workers in a factory are required to work
during the same periods, the manager of the factory shall fix
those
periods for such workers generally.
(4) Where all the adult workers in a factory are not required to
work during the same periods, the manager of the factory shall
classify them into groups according to the nature of their work
indicating the number of workers in each group.
(5) For each group which is not required to work on a system of
shifts, the manager of the factory shall fix the periods during
which
the group may be required to work.
(6) Where any group is required to work on a system of shifts
and
the relays are not to be subject to predetermined periodical
changes
of shifts, the manager of the factory shall fix the periods during
which each relay of the group may be required to work.
(7) Where any group is to work on a system of shifts and the
relays are to be subject to predetermined periodical changes of
shifts, the manager of the factory shall draw up a scheme of
shifts
where-under the periods during which any relay of the group
may be
required to work and the relay which will be working at any
time of
the day shall be known for any day.
(8) The State Government may prescribe forms of the notice
required by sub-section (1) and the manner in which it shall be
maintained.
(9) In the case of a factory beginning work after the
commencement of this Act, a copy of the notice referred to in
subsection
(1) shall be sent in duplicate to the Inspector before the day
on which work is begun in the factory.
(10) Any proposed change in the system of work in any factory
which will necessitate a change in the notice referred to in
subsection
(1) shall be notified to the Inspector in duplicate before the
change is made, and except with the previous sanction of the
Inspector, no such change shall be made until one week has
elapsed
since the last change.

62. Register of adult workers. (1) The manager of

every factory
shall maintain a register of adult workers, to be available to the
Inspector at all times during working hours, or when any work is
being
carried on in the factory, showing--
(a) the name of each adult worker in the factory;
(b) the nature of his work;
(c) the group, if any, in which he is included;
(d) where his group works on shifts, the relay to which he
is allotted;
(e) such other particulars as may be prescribed:
Provided that, if the Inspector is of opinion that any muster
roll or register maintained as part of the routine of a factory
gives
in respect of any or all the workers in the factory the particulars
required under this section, he may, by order in writing, direct
that
such muster roll or register shall to the corresponding extent be
maintained in place of, and be treated as, the register of adult
workers in that factory.
1*[(1A) No adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in
any factory unless his name and other particulars have been
entered in
the register of adult workers.]
(2) The State Government may prescribe the form of the
register
of adult workers, the manner in which it shall be maintained
and the
period for which it shall be preserved.

63. Hours of work to correspond with notice

under section 61 and register under section 62.
No adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in any
factory otherwise than in accordance with the
notice of periods of work for adults displayed in the factory and
the
entries made before-hand against his name in the register of
adult
workers of the factory.
64. Power to make exempting rules. (1) The State
Government may
make rules defining the persons who hold positions of
supervision or
management or are employed in a confidential position in a
factory
2*[or empowering the Chief Inspector to declare any person,
other than
a person defined by such rules, as a person holding position of
management or employed in a confidential position in a factory
if, in
the opinion of the Chief Inspector, such person holds such
position or
is so employed], and the provisions of this Chapter, other than
the
provisions of clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 66 and of
the
proviso to that sub-section, shall not apply to any person so
defined
1*[or declared]:
1*[Provided that any person so defined or declared shall, where
the ordinary rate of wages of such person 2*[does not exceed
the wage
limit specified in sub-section (6) of section 1 of the Payment of
Wages Act, 1936, as amended from time to time] be entitled to
extra
wages in respect of overtime work under section 59.]
(2) The State Government may make rules in respect of adult
workers in factories providing for the exemption, to such extent
and
subject to such conditions as may be prescribed--
(a) of workers engaged on urgent repairs, from the
provisions of section 51,52,54,55 and 56;
(b) of workers engaged in work in the nature of preparatory
or complementary work which must necessarily be carried
on outside the limits laid down for the general working
of the factory, from the provisions of sections 51, 54,
55 and 56;
(c) of workers engaged in work which is necessarily so
intermittent that the intervals during which they do
not work while on duty ordinarily amount to more than
the intervals for rest required by or under section 55,
from the provisions of sections 51, 54, 55 and 56;
(d) of workers engaged in any work which for technical
reasons must be carried on continuously 3*** from the
provisions of sections 51, 52, 54, 55 and 56;
(e) of workers engaged in making or supplying articles of
prime necessity which must be made or supplied every
day, from the provisions of 4*[section 51 and section
52];
(f) of workers engaged in a manufacturing process which
cannot be carried on except during fixed seasons, from
the provisions of 3*[section 51, section 52 and section
54];
(g) of workers engaged in a manufacturing process which
cannot be carried on except at times dependent on the
irregular action of natural forces, from the provisions
of sections 52 and 55;
(h) of workers engaged in engine-rooms or boiler-houses or
in attending to power-plant or transmission machinery,
from the provisions of 1*[section 51 and section 52];
2*[(i) of workers engaged in the printing of newspapers, who
are held up on account of the breakdown of machinery,
from the provisions of sections 51, 54 and 56.
Explanation.--In this clause the expression "newspapers" has
the meaning assigned to it in the Press and Registration of
Books Act, 1867 (25 of 1867);
(j) of workers engaged in the loading or unloading of
railway wagons 3*[or lorries or trucks,] from the
provisions of section 51, 52, 54, 55 and 56;]
3*[(k) of workers engaged in any work, which is notified by
the State Government in the Official Gazette as a work
of national importance, from the provisions of section
51, section 52, section 54, section 55 and section 56.]
(3) Rules made under sub-section (2) providing for any
exemption
may also provide for any consequential exemption from the
provisions
of section 61 which the State Government may deem to be
expedient,
subject to such conditions as it may prescribe.
4*[(4) In making rules under this section, the State Government
shall not exceed, except in respect of exemption under clause
(a) of
sub-section (2), the following limits of work inclusive of
overtime:-
(i) the total number of hours of work in any day shall not
exceed ten;
[B
(ii) the spreadover, inclusive of intervals for rest, shall
not exceed twelve hours in any one day:
Provided that the State Government may, in respect of any or
all
of the categories of workers referred to in clause (d) of sub-
section
(2), make rules prescribing the circumstances in which, and the
conditions subject to which, the restrictions imposed by clause
(i)
and clause (ii) shall not apply in order to enable a shift worker
to
work the whole or part of a subsequent shift in the absence of a
worker who has failed to report for duty;
1*[(iii) the total number of hours of work in a week,
including overtime, shall not exceed sixty;]
2*[(iv) the total number of hours of overtime shall not
exceed fifty for any one quarter.
Explanation.--"Quarter" means a period of three consecutive
months beginning on the 1st of January, the 1st of April the
1st of July or the 1st of October.]
(5) Rules made under this section shall remain in force for not
more than 3*[five years].
65. Power to make exempting orders. (1) Where the
State
Government is satisfied that, owing to the nature of the work
carried
on or to other circumstances, it is unreasonable to require that
the
periods of work of any adult workers in any factory or class or
description of factories should be fixed beforehand, it may, by
written order, relax or modify the provisions of section 61 in
respect
of such workers therein, to such extent and in such manner as
it may
think fit, and subject to such conditions as it may deem
expedient to
ensure control over periods of work.
(2) The State Government or, subject to the control of the State
Government, the Chief Inspector, may by written order exempt,
on such
conditions as it or he may deem expedient, any or all of the
adult
workers in any factory or group or class or description of
factories
from any or all of the provisions of sections 51, 52, 54 and 56
on the
ground that the exemption is required to enable the factory or
factories to deal with an exceptional press of work.
4*[(3) Any exemption granted under sub-section (2) shall be
subject to the following conditions, namely:--
(i) the total number of hours of work in any day shall not
exceed twelve;
(ii) the spreadover, inclusive of intervals for rest, shall
not exceed thirteen hours in any one day;
(iii)the total number of hours of work in any week,
including overtime, shall not exceed sixty;
(iv) no worker shall be allowed to work overtime, for more
than seven days at a stretch and the total number of
hours of overtime work in any quarter shall not exceed
seventy-five.
Explanation.--In this sub-section "quarter" has the same
meaning
as in sub-section (4) of section 64.]

66. Further restrictions on employment of

women. (1) The
provisions of this Chapter shall, in their application to women in
factories, be supplemented by the following further restrictions,
namely:--
(a) no exemption from the provisions of section 54 may be
granted in respect of any woman;
(b) no woman shall be 2*[required or allowed to work in any
factory] except between the hours of 6 A.M. and 7 P.M.
Provided that the State Government may, by notification
in the Official Gazette, in respect of 2*[any factory
or group or class or description of factories,] vary
the limits laid down in clause (b), but so that no such
variation shall authorize the employment of any woman
between the hours of 10 P.M. and 5 A.M.;
3*[(c) there shall be no change of shifts except after a
weekly holiday or any other holiday.]
(2) The State Government may make rules providing for the
exemption from the restrictions set out in sub-section (1), to
such
extent and subject to such conditions as it may prescribe, of
women
working in fish-curing or fish-canning factories, where the
employment
of women beyond the hours specified in the said restrictions is
necessary to prevent damage to, or deterioration in, any raw
material.
(3) The rules made under sub-section (2) shall remain in force
for not more than three years at a time.

CHAPTER VII
EMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG PERSONS

67. Prohibition of employment of young children.

No child who has
not completed his fourteenth year shall be required or allowed
to work
in any factory.

68. Non-adult workers to carry tokens. A child who

has completed
his fourteenth year or an adolescent shall not be required or
allowed
to work in any factory unless--
(a) a certificate of fitness granted with reference to him
under section 69 is in the custody of the manager of
the factory, and
(b) such child or adolescent carries while he is at work a
token giving a reference to such certificate.
69. Certificates of fitness. (1) A certifying surgeon shall,
on
the application of any young person or his parent or guardian
accompanied by a document signed by the manager of a
factory that such
person will be employed therein if certified to be fit for work in
a
factory, or on the application of the manager of the factory in
which
any young person wishes to work, examine such person and
ascertain his
fitness for work in a factory.
(2) The certifying surgeon, after examination, may grant to
such
young person, in the prescribed form, or may renew--
(a) a certificate of fitness to work in a factory as a
child, if he is satisfied that the young person has
completed his fourteenth year, that he has attained the
prescribed physical standards and that he is fit for
such work;
(b) a certificate of fitness to work in a factory as an
adult, if he is satisfied that the young person has
completed his fifteenth year, and is fit for a full
day's work in a factory:
Provided that unless the certifying surgeon has personal
knowledge of the place where the young person proposes to
work and of
the manufacturing process in which he will be employed, he
shall not
grant or renew a certificate under this sub-section until he has
examined such place.
(3) A certificate of fitness granted or renewed under sub-
section
(2)--
(a) shall be valid only for a period of twelve months from
the date thereof;
(b) may be made subject to conditions in regard to the
nature of the work in which the young person may be
employed, or requiring re-examination of the young
person before the expiry of the period of twelve
months.
(4) A certifying surgeon shall revoke any certificate granted or
renewed under sub-section (2) if in his opinion the holder of it is
no
longer fit to work in the capacity stated therein in a factory.
(5) Where a certifying surgeon refuses to grant or renew a
certificate or a certificate of the kind requested or revokes a
certificate, he shall, if so requested by any person who could
have
applied for the certificate or the renewal thereof, state his
reasons
in writing for so doing.
(6) Where a certificate under this section with reference to any
young person is granted or renewed subject to such conditions
as are referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (3), the young
person shall not be required or allowed to work in any factory
except in accordance with those conditions.
(7) Any fee payable for a certificate under this section shall be
paid by the occupier and shall not be recoverable from the
young person, his parents or guardian.

70. Effect of certificate of fitness granted to

adolescent. (1)
An adolescent who has been granted a certificate of fitness to
work in a factory as an adult under clause (b) of sub-section (2)
of section 69, and who while at work in a factory carries a token
giving reference to the certificate, shall be deemed to be an
adult for all the purposes of Chapters VI and VIII:
1*[(1A) No female adolescent or a male adolescent who has not
attained the age of seventeen years but who has been granted
a certificate of fitness to work in a factory as an adult, shall be
required or allowed to work in any factory except between 6
A.M. and 7 P.M: Provided that the State Government may, by
notification in the Official Gazette, in respect of any factory or
group or class or description of factories,--
(i) vary the limits laid down in this subsection so, however, that
no such section shall authorise the employment of any female
adolescent between 10 P.M. and 5 A.M.;
(ii) grant exemption from the provisions of this sub-section in
case of serious emergency where national interest is involved.]
(2) An adolescent who has not been granted a certificate of
fitness to work in a factory as an adult under the aforesaid
clause
(b) shall, notwithstanding his age, be deemed to be a child for
all the purposes of this Act.

71. Working hours for children. (1) No child shall be

employed or
permitted to work, in any factory--
(a) for more than four and a half hours in any day;
2*[(b) during the night.
Explanation.--For the purpose of this sub-section "night" shall
mean a period of at least twelve consecutive hours which shall
include
the interval between 10 P.M. and 6 A.M.]
(2) The period of work of all children employed in a factory
shall be limited to two shifts which shall not overlap or spread
over
more than five hours each; and each child shall be employed in
only
one of the relays which shall not, except with the previous
permission
in writing of the Chief Inspector, be changed more frequently
than
once in a period of thirty days.
(3) The provisions of section 52 shall apply also to child
workers and no exemption from the provisions of that section
may be
granted in respect of any child.
(4) No child shall be required or allowed to work in any factory
on any day on which he has already been working in another
factory.
3*[(5) No female child shall be required or allowed to work in
any factory except between 8 A.M. and 7 P.M.]

72. Notice of periods of work for children. (1) There

shall be
displayed and correctly maintained in every factory in which
children
are employed, in accordance with the provisions of sub-section
(2) of
section 108 a notice of periods of work for children, showing
clearly
for every day the periods during which children may be
required or
allowed to work.
(2) The periods shown in the notice required by sub-section (1)
shall be fixed beforehand in accordance with the method laid
down for
adult workers in section 61, and shall be such that children
working
for those periods would not be working in contravention of any
of the
provisions of section 71.
(3) The provisions of sub-sections (8), (9) and (10) of section
61 shall apply also to the notice required by sub-section (1) of
this
section.
73. Register of child workers. (1) The manager of every
factory
in which children are employed shall maintain a register of child
workers, to be available to the Inspector at all times during
working
hours or when any work is being carried on in a factory,
showing-
(a) the name of each child worker in the factory,
(b) the nature of his work,
(c) the group, if any, in which he is included,
(d) where his group works on shifts, the relay to which he
is allotted, and
(e) the number of his certificate of fitness granted under
section 69.
1*[(1A) No child worker shall be required or allowed to work in
any factory unless his name and other particulars have been
entered in
the register of child workers.]
(2) The State Government may prescribe the form of the
register
of child workers, the manner in which it shall be maintained
and the
period for which it shall be preserved.

74. Hours of work to correspond with notice

under section 72 and register under section 73.
No child shall be employed in any factory otherwise than in
accordance with the notice of periods of work for children
displayed in the factory and the entries made beforehand
against his name in the register of child workers of the factory.
75. Power to require medical examination. Where
an Inspector is
of opinion--
(a) that any person working in a factory without a
certificate of fitness is a young person, or
(b) that a young person working in a factory with a
certificate of fitness is no longer fit to work in the
capacity stated therein,--
he may serve on the manager of the factory a notice requiring
that
such person or young person, as the case may be, shall be
examined by
a certifying surgeon, and such person or young person shall
not, if
the Inspector so directs, be employed, or permitted to work, in
any
factory until he has been so examined and has been granted a
certificate of fitness or a fresh certificate of fitness, as the case
may be, under section 69, or has been certified by the
certifying
surgeon examining him not to be a young person.

76. Power to make rules. The State Government may

make rules-
(a) prescribing the forms of certificates of fitness to be
granted under section 69, providing for the grant of
duplicates in the event of loss of the original
certificates, and fixing the fees which may be charged
for such certificates and renewals thereof and such
duplicates;
(b) prescribing the physical standards to be attained by
children and adolescents working in factories;
(c) regulating the procedure of certifying surgeons under
this Chapter;
(d) specifying other duties which certifying surgeons may
be required to perform in connection with the
employment of young person’s factories, and fixing the
fees which may be charged for such duties and the
persons by whom they shall be payable.
77. Certain other provisions of law not barred. The
provisions of
this Chapter shall be in addition to, and not in derogation of,
the
provisions of the Employment of Children Act, 1938. (26 of
1938).

CHAPTER VIII
ANNUAL LEAVE WITH WAGES

78. Application of Chapter. (1) The provisions of this

Chapter
shall not operate to the prejudice of any right to which a worker
may
be entitled under any
other law or under the terms of any award, 1*[agreement
(including
settlement)] or contract of service:
2*[Provided that if such award, agreement (including
settlement)
or contract of service provides for a longer annual leave with
wages
than provided in this Chapter, the quantum of leave, which the
worker
shall be entitled to, shall be in accordance with such award,
agreement or contract of service, but in relation to matters not
provided for in such award, agreement or contract of service or
matters which are provided for less favourably therein, the
provisions
of sections 79 to 82, so far as may be, shall apply.]
(2) The provisions of this Chapter shall not apply to workers
3*[in any factory] of any railway administered by the
Government, who
are governed by leave rules approved by the Central
Government.

79. Annual leave with wages. (1) Every worker

who has worked for
a period of 240 days or more in a factory during a calendar
year shall
be allowed during the subsequent calendar year, leave with
wages for a
number of days calculated at the rate of--
(i) if an adult, one day for every twenty days of work
performed by him during the previous calendar year;
(ii) if a child, one day for every fifteen days of work
performed by him during the previous calendar year.
Explanation 1.--For the purpose of this sub-section-
(a) any days of lay off, by agreement or contract or as
permissible under the standing orders;
(b) in the case of a female worker, maternity leave for any
number of days not exceeding twelve weeks; and
(c) the leave earned in the year prior to that in which the
leave is enjoyed;
shall be deemed to be days on which the worker has worked in
a factory
for the purpose of computation of the period of 240 days or
more, but
he shall not earn leave for these days.
Explanation 2.--The leave admissible under this sub-section
shall
be exclusive of all holidays whether occurring during or at
either end
of the period of leave.
(2) A worker whose service commences otherwise than on the
first
day of January shall be entitled to leave with wages at the rate
laid
down in clause (i) or, as the case may be, clause (ii) of sub-
section
(1) if he has worked for two-thirds of the total number of days
in the
remainder of the calendar year.
1*[(3) If a worker is discharged or dismissed from service or
quits his employment or is superannuated or dies while in
service,
during the course of the calendar year, he or his heir or
nominee, as
the case may be, shall be entitled to wages in lieu of the
quantum of
leave to which he was entitled immediately before his
discharge,
dismissal, quitting of employment, superannuation or death
calculated
at the rates specified in sub-section (1), even if he had not
worked
for the entire period specified in sub-section (1) or sub-section
(2)
making him eligible to avail of such leave, and such payment
shall be
made--
(i) where the worker is discharged or dismissed or quits
employment, before the expiry of the second working day
from the date of such discharge, dismissal or quitting;
and
(ii) where the worker is superannuated or dies while in
service, before the expiry of two months from the date
of such superannuation or death.]
(4) In calculating leave under this section, fraction of leave of
half a day or more shall be treated as one full day's leave, and
fraction of less than half a day shall be omitted.
(5) If a worker does not in any one calendar year take the
whole
of the leave allowed to him under sub-section (1) or sub-section
(2),
as the case may be, any leave not taken by him shall be added
to the
leave to be allowed to him in the succeeding calendar year:
Provided that the total number of days of leave that may be
carried forward to a succeeding year shall not exceed thirty in
the
case of an adult or forty in the case of a child:
Provided further that a worker, who has applied for leave with
wages but has not been given such leave in accordance with
any scheme
laid down in sub-sections (8) and (9) 2*[or in contravention of
sub-section (10)] shall be entitled to carry forward the 1*[leave
refused] without any limit.
(6) A worker may at any time apply in writing to the manager of
a
factory not less than fifteen days before the date on which he
wishes
his leave to begin, to take all the leave or any portion thereof
allowable to him during the calendar year:
Provided that the application shall be made not less than thirty
days before the date on which the worker wishes his leave to
begin, if
he is employed in a public utility service as defined in clause (n)
of
section 2 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947: (14 of 1947.)
Provided further that the number of times in which leave may
be
taken during any year shall not exceed three.
(7) If a worker wants to avail himself of the leave with wages
due to him to cover a period of illness, he shall be granted such
leave even if the application for leave is not made within the
time
specified in sub-section (6); and in such a case wages as
admissible
under section 81 shall be paid not later than fifteen days, or in
the
case of a public utility service not later than thirty days from
the
date of the application for leave.
(8) For the purpose of ensuring the continuity of work, the
occupier or manager of the factory, in agreement with the
Works
Committee of the factory constituted under section 3 of the
Industrial
Disputes Act, 1947 (14 of 1947), or a similar Committee
constituted
under any other Act or if there is no such Works Committee or a
similar Committee in the factory, in agreement with the
representatives of the workers therein chosen in the prescribed
manner, may lodge with the Chief Inspector a scheme in writing
whereby
the grant of leave allowable under this section may be
regulated.
(9) A scheme lodged under sub-section (8) shall be displayed at
some conspicuous and convenient places in the factory and
shall be in
force for a period of twelve months from the date on which it
comes
into force, and may thereafter be renewed with or without
modification
for a further period of twelve months at a time, by the manager
in
agreement with the Works Committee or a similar Committee,
or as the
case may be, in agreement with the representatives of the
workers as
specified in sub-section (8), and a notice of renewal shall be
sent to
the Chief Inspector before it is renewed.
(10) An application for leave which does not contravene the
provisions of sub-section (6) shall not be refused, unless refusal
is
in accordance with the scheme for the time being in operation
under
sub-sections (8) and (9).
(11) If the employment of a worker who is entitled to leave
under
sub-section (1) or sub-section (2), as the case may be, is
terminated
by the occupier before he has taken the entire leave to which
he is
entitled, or if having applied for and having not been granted
such
leave, the worker quits his employment before he has taken
the leave,
the occupier of the factory shall pay him the amount payable
under
section 80 in respect of the leave not taken, and such payment
shall
be made, where the employment of the worker is terminated
by the
occupier, before the expiry of the second working day after
such
termination, and where a worker who quits his employment, on
or before
the next pay day.
(12) The unavailed leave of a worker shall not be taken into
consideration in computing the period of any notice required to
be
given before discharge or dismissal.

80. Wages during leave period. (1) For the leave

allowed to him
under 1*[section 78 or section 79, as the case may be,] a
worker
2*[shall be entitled to wages] at a rate equal to the daily
average of
his total full time earnings for the days on which 3*[he actually
worked] during the month immediately preceding his leave,
exclusive of
any overtime and bonus but inclusive of dearness allowance
and the
cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the
concessional
sale to the worker of foodgrains and other articles.
3*[Provided that in the case of a worker who has not worked on
any day during the calendar month immediately preceding his
leave, he
shall be paid at a rate equal to the daily average of his total full
time earnings for the days on which he actually worked during
the last
calendar month preceding his leave, in which he actually
worked,
exclusive of any overtime and bonus but inclusive of dearness
allowance and the cash equivalent of the advantage accruing
through
the concessional sale to the workers of foodgrains and other
articles.]
(2) The cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the
concessional sale to the worker of foodgrains and other articles
shall
be computed as often as may be prescribed, on the basis of the
maximum
quantity of foodgrains and other articles admissible to a
standard
family.
Explanation 1.--"Standard family" means a family consisting of
a
worker, his or her spouse and two children below the age of
fourteen
years requiring in all three adult consumption units.
Explanation 2.--"Adult consumption unit" means the
consumption
unit of a male above the age of fourteen years; and the
consumption
unit of a female above the age of fourteen years and that
of a child below the age of fourteen years shall be calculated at
the
rates of .8 and .6 respectively of one adult consumption unit.
(3) The State Government may make rules prescribing--
(a) the manner in which the cash equivalent of the
advantage accruing through the concessional sale to a
worker of foodgrains and other articles shall be
computed; and
(b) the registers that shall be maintained in a factory for
the purpose of securing compliance with the provisions
of this section.

81. Payment in advance in certain cases. A worker

who has been
allowed leave for not less than four days, in the case of an
adult,
and five days, in the case of a child shall, before his leave
begins,
be paid the wages due for the period of the leave allowed.

82. Mode of recovery of unpaid wages. Any sum

required to be paid
by an employer, under this Chapter but not paid by him shall
be
recoverable as delayed wages under the provisions of the
Payment of
Wages Act 1936 (4 of 1936),

83. Power to make rules. The State Government may

make rules
directing managers of factories to keep registers containing
such
particulars as may be prescribed and requiring the registers to
be
made available for examination by Inspectors.

84. Power to exempt factories. Where the State

Government is
satisfied that the leave rules applicable to workers in a factory
provide benefits which in its opinion are not less favourable
than
those for which this Chapter makes provision it may, by written
order,
exempt the factory from all or any of the provisions of this
Chapter
subject to such conditions as may be specified in the order.
1*[Explanation.--For the purposes of this section, in deciding
whether the benefits which are provided for by any leave rules
are
less favourable than those for which this Chapter makes
provision, or
not, the totality of the benefits shall be taken into account.]

CHAPTER IX
SPECIAL PROVISIONS

85. Power to apply the Act to certain premises. (1)

The State
Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare
that
all or any of the provisions of this Act shall apply to any place
wherein a manufacturing process is carried on with
or without the aid of power or is so ordinarily carried on,
notwithstanding that--
(i) the number of persons employed therein is less than
ten, if working with the aid of power and less than
twenty if working without the aid of power, or
(ii) the persons working therein are not employed by the
owner thereof but are working with the permission of,
or under agreement with, such owner:
Provided that the manufacturing process is not being carried on
by the owner only with the aid of his family.
(2) After a place is so declared, it shall be deemed to be a
factory for the purposes of this Act, and the owner shall be
deemed to
be the occupier, and any person working therein, a worker.
Explanation.--For the purposes of this section, "owner" shall
include a lessee or mortgagee with possession of the premises.

86. Power to exempt public institutions. The State

Government may
exempt, subject to such conditions as it may consider
necessary, any
workshop or workplace where a manufacturing process is
carried on and
which is attached to a public institution maintained for the
purposes
of education, 1*[training, research] or reformation, from all or
any
of the provisions of this Act:
Provided that no exemption shall be granted from the
provisions
relating to hours of work and holidays, unless the persons
having the
control of the institution submit, for the approval of the State
Government, a scheme for the regulation of the hours of
employment,
intervals for meals, and holidays of the persons employed in or
attending the institution or who are inmates of the institution,
and
the State Government is satisfied that the provisions of the
scheme
are not less favourable than the corresponding provisions of
this Act.

87. Dangerous operations.

Where the State Government is of opinion that any
2*[manufacturing process or operation] carried on is a factory
exposes any persons employed in it to a serious risk of bodily
injury, poisoning or disease, it may make rules applicable to
any factory or class or description of factories in which the
1*[manufacturing process or operation] is carried on--
(a) specifying the 1*[manufacturing process or operation] and
declaring it to be dangerous;
(b) prohibiting or restricting the employment of women,
adolescents or children in the 1*[manufacturing process or
operation];
(c) providing for the periodical medical examination of persons
employed, or seeking to be employed, in the 1*[manufacturing
process or operation], and prohibiting the employment of
persons not certified as fit for such employment 2*[and
requiring the payment by the occupier of the factory of fees for
such medical examination];
(d) providing for the protection of all persons employed in the
1*[manufacturing process or operation] or in the vicinity of the
places where it is carried on;
(e) prohibiting, restricting or controlling the use of any specified
materials or processes in connection with the 1*[manufacturing
process or operation];
2*[(f) requiring the provision of additional welfare amenities
and sanitary facilities and the supply of protective equipment
and clothing, and laying down the standards thereof, having
regard to the dangerous nature of the manufacturing process
or operation.

87A. Power to prohibit employment on account of

serious hazard. (1) Where it appears to the Inspector that
conditions in a
factory or part thereof are such the they may cause serious
hazard by
way of injury or death to the persons employed therein or to
the
general public in the vicinity, he may, by order in writing to the
occupier of the factory, state the particulars in respect of which
he
considers the factory or part thereof to be the cause of such
serious
hazard and prohibit such occupier from employing any person
in the
factory or any part thereof other than the minimum number of
persons
necessary to attend to the minimum tasks till the hazard is
removed.
(2) Any order issued by the Inspector under sub-section (1)
shall
have effect for a period of three days until extended by the
Chief
Inspector by a subsequent order.
(3) Any person aggrieved by an order of the Inspector under
subsection
(1), and the Chief Inspector under sub-section (2), shall have
the right to appeal to the High Court.
(4) Any person whose employment has been affected by an
order
issued under sub-section (1), shall be entitled to wages and
other
benefits and it shall be the duty of the occupier to provide
alternative employment to him wherever possible and in the
manner
prescribed.
(5) The provisions of sub-section (4) shall be without
prejudiceto the rights of the parties under the Industrial
Disputes Act,
1947 (14 of 1947).
88. Notice of certain accidents. 5*[(1)] Where in any
factory an
accident occurs which causes death, or which causes any
bodily injury
by reason of which the
person injured is prevented from working for a period of forty-
eight
hours or more immediately following the accident, or which is
of such
nature as may be prescribed in this behalf, the manager of the
factory
shall send notice thereof to such authorities, and in such form
and
within such time, as may be prescribed.
1*[(2) Where a notice given under sub-section (1) relates to an
accident causing death, the authority to whom the notice is
sent shall
make an inquiry into the occurrence within one month of the
receipt of
the notice or, if such authority is not the Inspector, cause the
Inspector to make an inquiry within the said period.
(3) The State Government may make rules for regulating the
procedure at inquiries under this section.]
88A. Notice of certain dangerous occurrences.
Where in a
factory any dangerous occurrence of such nature as may be
prescribed
occurs, whether causing any bodily injury or disability or not,
the
manager of the factory shall send notice thereof to such
authorities,
and in such form and within such time, as may be prescribed.]

89. Notice of certain diseases. (1) Where any worker in

a factory
contracts any disease specified in 3*[the third Schedule], the
manager
of the factory shall send notice thereof to such authorities, and
in
such form and within such time, as may be prescribed.
(2) If any medical practitioner attends on a person who is or has
been employed in a factory, and who is or is believed by the
medical
practitioner to be, suffering from any disease specified in 3*[the
third Schedule], the medical practitioner shall without delay
send a
report in writing to the office of the Chief Inspector stating--
(a) the name and full postal address of the patient,
(b) the disease from which he believes the patient to be
suffering, and
(c) the name and address of the factory in which the
patient is, or was last, employed.
(3) Where the report under sub-seciton (2) is confirmed to the
satisfaction of the Chief Inspector, by the certificate of a
certifying surgeon or otherwise, that the person is suffering
from a
disease specified in 3*[the Third Schedule], he shall pay to the
medical practitioner
such fee as may be prescribed, and the fee so paid shall be
recoverable as an arrear of land-revenue from the occupier of
the
factory in which the person contracted the disease.
(4) If any medical practitioner fails to comply with the
provisions of sub-section (2), he shall be punishable with fine
which
may extend to 1*[one thousand-rupees].
2*[(5) The Central Government may, by notification in the
Official Gazette, add to or alter the Third Schedule and any
such
addition or alteration shall have effect as if it had been made
by
this Act.]

90. Power to direct enquiry into cases of accident

or disease.
(1) The State Government may, if it considers it expedient so to
do,
appoint a competent person to inquire into the causes of any
accident
occurring in a factory or into any case where a disease
specified in
2*[the Third Schedule] has been, or is suspected to have been,
contracted in a factory, and may also appoint one or more
persons
possessing legal or special knowledge to act as assessors in
such
inquiry.
(2) The person appointed to hold an inquiry under this section
shall have all the powers of a Civil Court under the Code of Civil
Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), for the purposes of enforcing the
attendance of witnesses and compelling the production of
documents and
material objects, and may also, so far as may be necessary for
the
purposes of the inquiry, exercise any of the powers of an
Inspector
under this Act; and every person required by the person
making the
inquiry to furnish any information shall be deemed to be legally
bound
so to do within the meaning of section 176 of the Indian Penal
Code
(45 of 1860).
(3) The person holding an inquiry under this section shall make
a
report to the State Government stating the causes of the
accident, or
as the case may be, disease, and any attendant circumstances,
and
adding any observations which he or any of the assessors may
think fit
to make.
(4) The State Government may, if it thinks fit, cause to be
published any report made under this section or any extracts
therefrom.
(5) The State Government may make rules for regulating the
procedure at inquiries under this section.

91. Power to take samples. (1) An Inspector may at any

time
during the normal working hours of a factory, after informing
the
occupier or manager of the factory or other person for the time
being
purporting to be in charge of the factory, take in the manner
hereinafter provided a sufficient sample of any substance used
or
intended to be used in the factory, such use being--
(a) in the belief of the Inspector in contravention of any
Of the provisions of this Act or the rules made
thereunder, or
(b) in the opinion of the Inspector likely to cause bodily
injury to, or injury to the health or, workers in the
factory.
(2) Where the Inspector takes a sample under sub-section (1),
he
shall, in the presence of the person informed under that sub-
section
unless such person wilfully absents himself, divide the sample
into
three portions and effectively seal and suitably mark them, and
shall
permit such person to add his own seal and mark thereto.
(3) The person informed as aforesaid shall, if the Inspector so
requires, provide the appliances for dividing, sealing and
marking the
sample taken under this section.
(4) The Inspector shall--
(a) forthwith give one portion of the sample to the person
informed under sub-section (1);
(b) forthwith send the second portion to a Government
Analyst for analysis and report thereon;
(c) retain the third portion for production to the Court
before which proceedings, if any, are instituted in
respect of the substance.
(5) Any document purporting to be a report under the hand of
any
Government Analyst upon any substance submitted to him for
analysis
and report under this section, may be used as evidence in any
proceedings instituted in respect of the substance.
91A. Safety and occupational health surveys. (1)
The Chief
Inspector, or the Director General of Factory Advice Service and
Labour Institutes, or the Director General of Health Services, to
the
Government of India, or such other officer as may be
authorised in
this behalf by the State Government or the Chief Inspector or
the
Director General of Factory Advice Service and Labour
Institutes or
the Director General of Health Services may, at any time during
the
normal working hours of a factory, or at any other time as is
found by
him to be necessary, after giving notice in writing to the
occupier or
manager of the factory or any other person who for the time
being
purports to be in charge of the factory, undertake safety and
occupational health surveys and such occupier or
manager or other person shall afford all facilities for such
survey,
including facilities for the examination and testing of plant and
machinery and collection of samples and other data relevant to
the
survey.
(2) For the purpose of facilitating surveys under sub-section (1)
every worker shall, if so required by the person conducting the
survey, present himself to undergo such medical examination
as may be
considered necessary by such person and furnish all
information in his
possession and relevant to the survey.
(3) Any time spent by a worker for undergoing medical
examination
or furnishing information under sub-section (2) shall, for the
purpose
of calculating wages and extra wages for overtime work, be
deemed to
be time during which such worker worked in the factory.]
1*[Explanation.--For the purposes of this section, the report, if
any, submitted to the State Government by the person
conducting the
survey under sub-section (1) shall be deemed to be a report
submitted
by an Inspector under this Act.

CHAPTER X
PENALTIES AND PROCEDURE

92. General penalty for offences. Save as is otherwise

expressly provided in this Act and subject to the provisions of
section 93, if in, or in respect of, any factory there is any
contravention of any of the provisions of this Act or of any rules
made thereunder or of any order in writing given thereunder,
the occupier and manager of the factory shall each be guilty of
an offence and punishable with imprisonment for a term which
may extend to 2*[two years] or with fine which may extend to
2*[one lakh rupees] or with both, and if the contravention is
continued after conviction, with a further fine which may
extend to 2*[one thousand rupees] for each day on which the
contravention is so continued: 3*[Provided that where
contravention of any of the provisions of Chapter IV or any rule
made thereunder section 87 has resulted in an accident
causing death or serious bodily injury, the fine shall not be less
than 2*[twenty five thousand] in the case of an accident
causing death, and 2*[five thousand rupees] in the case of an
accident causing serious bodily injury.
Explanation.--In this section and in section 94 "serious bodily
injury" means an injury which involves, or in all probability will
involve, the permanent loss of the use of, or permanent injury
to, any limb or the permanent loss of, or injury to, sight or
hearing, or the fracture of any bone, but shall not include, the
fracture of bone or joint (not being fracture of more than one
bone or joint) of any phalanges of the hand or foot.]

93. Liability of owner of premises in certain

circumstances.
(1) Where in any premises separate buildings are leased to
different
occupiers for use as separate factories, the owner of the
premises
shall be responsible for the provision and maintenance of
common
facilities and services, such as approach roads, drainage, water
supply, lighting and sanitation.
(2) The Chief Inspector shall have, subject to the control of the
State Government, power to issue orders to the owner of the
premises
in respect of the carrying out of the provisions of sub-section
(1).
(3) Where in any premises, independent or self-contained,
floors
or flats are leased to different occupiers for use as separate
factories, the owner of the premises shall be liable as if he were
the
occupier or manager of a factory, for any contravention of the
provisions of this Act in respect of--
(i) latrines, urinals and washing facilities in so far as
the maintenance of the common supply of water for these
purposes is concerned;
(ii) fencing of machinery and plant belonging to the owner
and not specifically entrusted to the custody or use of
an occupier;
(iii)safe means of access to the floors or flats and
maintenance and cleanliness of stair cases and common
passages;
(iv) precautions in case of fire;
(v) maintenance of hoists and lifts; and
(vi) maintenance of any other common facilities provided in
the premises.
(4) The Chief Inspector shall have, subject to the control of the
State Government, power to issue orders to the owner of the
premises
in respect of the carrying out the provisions of sub-section (3).
(5) The provisions of sub-section (3) relating to the liability
of the owner shall apply where in any premises independent
rooms with
common latrines, urinals and washing facilities are leased to
different occupiers for use as separate factories:
Provided that the owner shall be responsible also for complying
with the requirements relating to the provision and
maintenance of
latrines, urinals and washing facilities.
(6) The Chief Inspector shall have, subject to the control of the
State Government, the power to issue orders to the owner of
the
premises referred to in sub-section (5) in respect of the
carrying out
of the provisions of section 46 or section 48.
(7) Where in any premises portions of a room or a shed are
leased
to different occupiers for use as separate factories, the owner
of the
premises shall be liable for any contravention of the provisions
of-
(i) Chapter III, except sections 14 and 15;
(ii) Chapter IV, except sections 22, 23, 27, 34, 35 and 36:
Provided that in respect of the provisions of sections
21, 24 and 32 and owner's liability shall be only in so
far as such provisions relate to things under his
control:
Provided further that the occupier shall be responsible
for complying with the provisions of Chapter IV in
respect of plant and machinery belonging to or supplied
by him;
(iii)section 42.
(8) The Chief Inspector shall have, subject to the control of the
State Government, power to issue orders to the owner of the
premises
in respect of the carrying out the provisions of sub-section (7).
(9) In respect of sub-sections (5) and (7), while computing for
the purposes of any of the provisions of this Act the total
number of
workers employed, the whole of the premises shall be deemed
to be a
single factory.]
94. Enhanced penalty after previous conviction.
1*[(1)] If any
person who has been convicted of any offence punishable
under section
92 is again guilty of an offence involving a contravention of the
same
provision, he shall be punishable on a subsequent conviction
with
imprisonment for a term which may
extend to 1*[three years] or with fine 2*[which shall not be less
than] 1*[ten thousand rupees] but which may extend to 1*[two
lakh
rupees] or with both:
3*[Provided that the court may, for any adequate and special
reasons to be mentioned in the judgment, impose a fine of less
than
1*[ten thousand rupees].
Provided further that where contravention of any of the
provisions of Chapter IV or any rule made thereunder or under
section
87 has resulted in an accident causing death or serious bodily
injury,
the fine shall not be less than 1*[thirty five thousand rupees] in
the
case of an accident causing death and 1*[ten thousand rupees]
in the
case of an accident causing serious bodily injury.]
4*[(2)] For the purposes of sub-section (1), no cognizance shall
be taken of any conviction made more than two years before
the
commission of the offence for which the person is subsequently
being
convicted.]

95. Penalty for obstructing Inspector. Whoever

wilfully obstructs
an Inspector in the exercise of any power conferred on him by
or under
this Act, or fails to produce on demand by an Inspector any
registers
or other documents in his custody kept in pursuance of this Act
or of
any rules made thereunder, or conceals or prevents any worker
in a
factory from appearing before, or being examined by, an
Inspector,
shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may
extend to
5*[six months] or with fine which may extend to 5*[ten
thousand
rupees] or with both.

96. Penalty for wrongfully disclosing results of

analysis under
section 91. Whoever, except in so far as it may be necessary
for the
purposes of a prosecution for any offence punishable under this
Act,
publishes or discloses to any person the results of an analysis
made
under section 91, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a
term
which may extend to 6*[six months] or with fine which may
extend to
6*[ten thousand rupees] or with both.

96A. Penalty for contravention of the provisions

of sections
41B, 41C and 41H. (1) Whoever fails to comply with or
contravenes any
of the provisions of sections 41B, 41C or 41H or the rules made
thereunder, shall, in respect of such failure or contravention, be
punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to
seven
years and with fine which may extend to two lakh rupees, and
in case
the failure or contravention continues, with additional fine
which may
extend to five thousand rupees for every day during which such
failure
or contravention continues after the conviction for the first such
failure or contravention.
(2) If the failure or contravention referred to in sub-section
(1) continues beyond a period of one year after the date of
conviction, the offender shall be punishable with imprisonment
for a
term which may extend to ten years.

97. Offences by workers. (1) Subject to the provisions of

section
111, if any worker employed in a factory contravenes any
provision of
this Act or any rules or orders made thereunder, imposing any
duty or
liability on workers, he shall be punishable with fine which may
extend to 8*[five hundred rupees].
(2) Where a worker is convicted of an offence punishable under
sub-section (1), the occupier or manager of the factory shall not
be
deemed to be guilty of an offence in respect of that
contravention,
unless it is proved that he failed to take all reasonable
measures for
its prevention.

98. Penalty for using false certificate of fitness.

Whoever
knowingly uses or attempts to use, as a certificate of fitness
granted
to himself under section 70, a certificate granted to another
person
under that section, or who, having procured such a certificate,
knowingly allows it to be used, or an attempt to use it to be
made, by
another person, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a
term which
may extend to 1*[two month] or with fine which may extend to
1*[one
thousand rupees] or with both.

99. Penalty for permitting double employment of

child. If a child
works in a factory on any day on which he has already been
working in
another factory, the parent or guardian of the child or the
person
having custody of or control over him or obtaining any direct
benefit
from his wages, shall be punishable with fine which may extend
to
2*[one thousand rupees] unless it appears to the Court that the
child
so worked without the consent or connivance of such parent,
guardian
or person.
101. Exemption of occupier or manager from
liability in certain cases. Where the occupier or manager
of a factory is charged with an
offence punishable under this Act, he shall be entitled, upon
complaint duly made by him and on giving to the prosecutor
not less
than three clear days' notice in writing of his intention so to do,
to
have any other person whom he charges as the actual offender
brought
before the Court at the time appointed for hearing the charge;
and if,
after the commission of the offence has been proved, the
occupier or
manager of the factory, as the case may be, proves to the
satisfaction
of the Court--
(a) that he has used due diligence to enforce the execution
of this Act, and
(b) that the said other person committed the offence in
question without his knowledge, consent or connivance,-
-
that other person shall be convicted of the offence and shall be
liable to the like punishment as if he were the occupier or
manager of
the factory, and the occupier or manager, as the case may be,
shall be
discharged from any liability under this Act in respect of such
offence:
Provided that in seeking to prove as aforesaid, the occupier or
manager of the factory, as the case may be, may be examined
on oath,
and his evidence and that of any witness whom he calls in his

support shall be subject to cross-examination on behalf of the

person
he charges as the actual offender and by the prosecutor:
Provided further that, if the person charged as the actual
offender by the occupier or manager cannot be brought before
the Court
at the time appointed for hearing the charge, the Court shall
adjourn
the hearing from time to time for a period not exceeding three
months
and if by the end of the said period the person charged as the
actual
offender cannot still be brought before the Court, the Court
shall
proceed to hear the charge against the occupier or manager
and shall,
if the offence be proved, convict the occupier or manager.

102. Power of Court to make orders. (1) Where the

occupier or
manager of a factory is convicted of an offence punishable
under this
Act the Court may, in addition to awarding any punishment, by
order in
writing require him, with-in a period specified in the order
(which
the Court may, if it thinks fit and on application in such behalf,
from time to time extend) to take such measures as may be so
specified
for remedying the matters in respect of which the offence was
committed.
(2) Where an order is made under sub-section (1), the occupier
or
manager of the factory, as the case may be, shall not be liable
under
this Act in respect of the continuation of the offence during the
period or extended period, if any, allowed by the Court, but if,
on
the expiry of such period or extended period, as the case may
be, the
order of the Court has not been fully complied with, the
occupier or
manager, as the case may be, shall be deemed to have
committed a
further offence, and may be sentenced therefor by the Court to
undergo
imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months or to
pay a
fine which may extend to one hundred rupees for every day
after such
66
expiry on which the order has not been complied with, or both
to
undergo such imprisonment and to pay such fine, as aforesaid.

103. Presumption as to employment. If a person is

found in a
factory at any time, except during intervals for meals or rest,
when
work is going on or the machinery is in motion, he shall until
the
contrary is proved, be deemed for the purposes of this Act and
the
rules made thereunder to have been at that time employed in
the
factory.
104. Onus as to age. (1) When any act or omission would,
if a
person were under a certain age, be an offence punishable
under this
Act, and such person is in the opinion of the Court prima facie
under
such age, the burden shall be on the accused to prove that
such person
is not under such age.
(2) A declaration in writing by a certifying surgeon relating to
a worker that he has personally examined him and believes
him to be
under the age stated in such declaration shall, for the purposes
of
this Act and the rules made thereunder, be admissible as
evidence of
the age of that worker.

104A. Onus of proving limits of what is

practicable, etc. In
any proceeding for an offence for the contravention of any
provision
of this Act of rules made thereunder consisting of a failure to
comply
with a duty or requirement to do something, it shall be for the
person
who is alleged to have failed to comply with such duty or
requirement,
to prove that it was not reasonably practicable or, as the case
may
be, all practicable measures were taken to satisfy the duty or
requirement.]
105. Cognizance of offences. (1) No Court shall take
cognizance
of any offence under this Act except on complaint by, or with
the
previous sanction in writing of, an Inspector.
(2) No Court below that of a Presidency Magistrate or of a
Magistrate of the first class shall try any offence punishable
under
this Act.

106. Limitation of prosecutions. No Court shall take

cognizance of any offence punishable under this Act unless
complaint thereof made within three months of the date on
which the alleged commission of the offence came to the
knowledge of an Inspector: Provided that where the offence
consists of disobeying a written order made by an Inspector,
complaint thereof may be made within six months of the date
on which the offence is alleged to have been committed.
2*[Explanation.--For the purposes of this section,--
(a) in the case of continuing offence, the period of limitation
shall be computed with reference to every point of time during
which the offence continues;
(b) where for the performance of any act time is granted or
extended on an application made by the occupier or manager
of a factory, the period of limitation shall be computed from the
date on which the time so granted or extended expired.

106A. Jurisdiction of a court for entertaining

proceedings,
etc., for offence. For the purposes of conferring jurisdiction
on any court in relation to an offence under this Act or the rules
made there under in connection with the operation of any
plant, the place where the plant is for the time being situate
shall be deemed to be the place where such offence has been
committed.]

CHAPTER XI
SUPPLEMENTAL

107. Appeals. (1) The manager of a factory on whom an

order in writing by an Inspector has been served under the
provisions or this Act or the occupier of the factory may, within
thirty days of the service of the order, appeal against it to the
prescribed authority, and such authority may, subject to rules
made in this behalf by the State Government, confirm, modify
or reverse the order.
(2) Subject to rules made in this behalf by the State
Government (which may prescribe classes of appeals which
shall not be heard with the aid of assessors), the appellate
authority may, or if so required in the petition of appeal shall,
hear the appeal with the aid of assessors, one of whom shall be
appointed by the appellate authority and the other by such
body representing the industry concerned as may be
prescribed:
Provided that if no assessor is appointed by such body before
the time fixed for hearing the appeal, or if the assessor so
appointed fails to attend the hearing at such time, the
appellate authority may, unless satisfied that the failure to
attend is due to sufficient cause, proceed to hear the appeal
without the aid of such assessor or, if it thinks fit, without the
aid of any assessor.
(3) Subject to such rules as the State Government may make in
this behalf and subject to such conditions as to partial
compliance or the adoption of temporary measures as the
appellate authority may in any case think fit to impose, the
appellate authority may, if it thinks fit, suspend the order
appealed against pending the decision of the appeal.

108. Display of notices. (1) In addition to the notices

required
to be displayed in any factory by or under this Act, there shall
be
displayed in every factory a notice containing such abstracts of
this
Act and of the rules made thereunder as may be prescribed
and also the
name and address of the Inspector and the certifying surgeon.
(2) All notices required by or under this Act to be displayed in
a factory shall be in English and in a language understood by
the
majority of the workers in the factory, and shall be displayed at
some
conspicuous and convenient place at or near the main entrance
to the
factory, and shall be maintained in a clean and legible
condition.
(3) The Chief Inspector may, by order in writing served on the
manager of any factory, require that there shall be displayed in
the
factory any other notice or poster relating to the health, safety
or
welfare of the workers in the factory.
109. Service of notices. The State Government may
make rules
prescribing the manner of the service of orders under this Act
on
owners, occupiers or managers of factories.

110. Returns. The State Government may make rules

requiring
owners, occupiers or mangers of factories to submit such
returns,
occasional or periodical, as may in its opinion be required for
the
purposes of this Act.

111. Obligations of workers. (1) No worker in a factory--

(a) shall wilfully interfere with or misuse any appliance,
convenience or other thing provided in a factory for
the purposes of securing the health, safety or welfare
of the workers therein;
(b) shall wilfully and without reasonable cause do anything
likely to endanger himself or others; and
(c) shall wilfully neglect to make use of any appliance or
other thing provided in the factory for the purposes of
securing the health of safety of the workers therein.
(2) If any worker employed in a factory contravenes any of the
provisions of this section or of any rule or order made
thereunder, he
shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may
extend to
three months, or with fine which may extend to one hundred
rupees, or
with both.

111A. Right or workers, etc. Every worker shall have

the right
to--
(i) obtain from the occupier, information relating to
workers' health and safety at work,
(ii) get trained within the factory wherever possible, or,
to get himself sponsored by the occupier for getting trained at
a
training centre or institute, duly approved by the Chief
Inspector, where training is imparted for workers' health and
safety at work.
(iii) represent to the Inspector directly or through his
representative in the matter of inadequate provision for
protection of his health or safety in the factory.]

112. General power to make rules. The State

Government may make
rules providing for any matter which, under any of the
provisions of
this Act, is to be or may be prescribed or which may be
considered
expedient in order to give effect to the purposes of this Act.
113. Powers of Centre to give directions. The
Central Government
may give directions to a State Government as to the carrying
into
execution of the provisions of this Act.

114. No charge for facilities and conveniences.

Subject to the
provisions of section 46 no fee or charge shall be realised from
any
worker in respect of any arrangements or facilities to be
provided, or
any equipments or appliances to be supplied by the occupier
under the
provisions of this Act.

115. Publication of rules. 2*[(1)] All rules made under

this Act
shall be published in the Official Gazette, and shall be subject
to
the condition of previous publication ; and the date to be
specified
under clause (3) of section 23 of the General Clauses Act, 1897,
(10 of
1897.) shall be not less than 2*[forty five days] from the date
on
which the draft of the proposed rules was published.
2*[(2) Every rule made by the State Government under this Act
shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before the
State

116. Application of Act of Government factories.

Unless otherwise
provided this Act shall apply to factories belonging to the
Central or
any State Government.

117. Protection to persons acting under this Act.

No suit,
prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against any
person for
anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done
under this
Act.

118. Restriction on disclosure of information. (1)

No Inspector
shall, while in service or after leaving the service, disclose
otherwise than in connection with the execution, or for the
purposes,
of this Act any information relating to any manufacturing or
commercial business or any working process which may come
to his
knowledge in the course of his official duties.
(2) Nothing in sub-section (1) shall apply to any disclosure of
information made with the previous consent in writing of the
owner of
such business or process or for the purposes of any legal
proceeding
(including arbitration) pursuant to this Act or of any criminal
proceeding which may be taken, whether pursuant to this Act
or
otherwise, or for the purposes of any report of such
proceedings as
aforesaid.
(3) If any Inspector contravenes the provisions of sub-section
(1) he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which
may
extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one
thousand
rupees, or with both.
118A. Restriction on disclosure of information. (1)
Every
Inspector shall treat as confidential the source of any complaint
brought to his notice on the breach of any provision of this Act.
(2) No inspector shall, which making an inspection under this
Act, disclose to the occupier, manager or his representative
that the
inspection is made in pursuance of the receipt of complaint:
Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to any case
in which the person who has made the complaint has
consented to
disclose his name.]

119. Act to have effect notwithstanding anything

contained in Act 37 of 1970. The provisions of this Act
shall have effect
notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in
the
Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970. 3*[or any
other
law for the time being in force]

120. Repeal and savings. The enactments set out in the

Table
appended to this section are hereby repealed:
Provided that anything done under the said enactments which
could
have been done under this Act if it had then been in force shall
be
deemed to have been done under this Act.