HOW TO PLAY THE CHESS OPENINGS by Eugene A. Znosko-Borovsky DOVER PUBLICATIONS, INC. NEW YORKSra oma eps "bid the Use Kg by once "hs Dover ein. Se pubis i 180 a8 sesame tye anne vary of Congres Cstalg Card Node: 7168906 CONTENTS: Ail History 3 tle nh her of Open ; Chasis of the Opetings = 3 Rust Grove: Ores Gigs... u Gene Game i a Tap Pa eee eee 5 Dani Gamibie as A Ligie Tsp, ey Flak ue ie hor of 0 8 ith Bale ia peings x Scotch Game and Seotch Cambie, Dos Drawing Combinstions| > ieona ene : x Two - 3 Patras Defence 23 ATersible Bander x Philidor Defence : ats ‘nVery Subtle bap ; By Gino Pino : 1 AComplicted Combination <2 > 3 Miter Aeack aS Greco's Trap : M Evans Gamble :# Ate sere eeerecciiear ‘Theo Koighis' Defence 21 tL 3 Ge Langs Ack 2 de ATrp sees Mapes : eae ‘ale Defences : & tap (Tart) [8 Pasi Defences s AFamous Trap (Caress) 2 ‘Rooter Trap 4 Sita Gant s Four Knight’ Game 55 King’s Gambit. a "s Mate beer Counter: Gambit Do & King’s Bishop'sGambie gg‘cones —eontinued ‘Stconp Grou: Cos» Gans ‘The Teolated Queen's Pawn Catch Defence ‘Queen's “Side Counter“Atack (Cambridge’ Springs Delencs) aeeeeere eee A Prey Trap Dutch Defence "Tmo Gxour : Hats-Oney Gaxes Gain in Time or Space French Defence (Garo-Kann Defence Sian Defence Centre Counter Alekhine's Defence Arp Fourrn Grour: Monens Ores ‘Advanced and Backward Cones lancheto of the Babop iat Squaes ‘nia’ Trap Acton Agent Bishop in Fancher A Backward Cenire Against « Qucen-Centre ‘Nimrowitch’s Variation, 7 tjubov's Variation Reu's Gambit. ATap ons ‘Ta Backward Con ‘Conclusion ‘Attack Before Development ‘Answers to Questions INTRODUCTION 1 have been so tesedalthough in. friendly way: on. the silo of my. lat brace, How Noy Pay ‘an now atempting (9 teach “How 0 Neverteay I petit in may attiode snd init on begining mith the beginning, on opening fith the Opening, It tre Uhit me fen ace manuals Mich begin with the End-Game. 1 bave good reason for not oloving thee example, for the Opening ie the ‘ost impotent phate ofthe game and certainly. cant be avoided, Erin the ‘Opening is iremedible. and iver one the Uscouraping Seeing of having not even bad game." Moreover iti the opeings that we manls Gnerwhelm one with varione, sub-variationy leer, figure, and all tors of parentheses, in which one. it opel owt without fearing ayo Sven it one “manages to lean by ‘art—and not t0 confoso—all these vartons, one i in no lee of a thelty thes hang tne ones gin. Ae 8 ret layiog the opevings automatically and ping on memory ESESY Posten cbtsutnding cf the guy ne do ot Know bow to rele an iofenor move, ply because ia tot to be found in the books. "The daginatos ofthe books Becomes. a despotin; and: amatears become accustomed to regarding the moves made by sich snd ch mater for indicated by nach and such » book ab obligatory owe, {© that any diversion 1s prejudged as dangers or bad “Torry may of thinking thie pont of view i foal as, In this each for truth aie wth of the chessboard but, mevertclen, + tuth-rpreseted bythe thory of SS opens ach one shold ave cove pach oven the opening io merely aa aterpt to" salve suc tr auch a prom and shoult expect t0 be eluted, each Strain requzes tobe tered or stengiboned. ‘Chere Bre only a sery few points in the theory of the openings Sh gb comidred ed, ey ad bese Sppedl "And every day stature fo gree strength die iter the retina of some welestblisied variations "oe ei)Without, however, demanding vat every “tyro” should become ai explorer instead-of tavellng bn 2 conducted tour, | insist on tia pont~—that everyone sould be in a Don dcr oad re he et nd he fray in no mater what poston, to reply t9 aa) innoration. eh then noe simply om memory but, abote al on intel sence in oe ald ri ache han and fot of each importance to lean variations av to ‘ndersend this meaning’ One mart besime imbued with the air ofan opening and play iin the appropriate nije. Besides {he general rinses common to all the openings one {st now ‘nd understand. the characteristics ofeach ‘The choise of an opening mill Heguently depend upon the layers mood at the moment. One. does not choose 4 Exfo‘Kann “fone feeb aggresive, and” one nur not ‘venture upon a gambit if one docs not feel very ely Te on these lines that this book i concelved. Tall sot multiply variations; thowe give are there only a txampes.”On the ote: hand, 1 do emphasise melhnown traps, oF mistakes frequently made by amateur in order fovave my reader fromthe disappointment of losing thd dents Mande he mae tage fut ple method ot presrtaton in order at to cone beginners ‘and iso to sie them unneccsary labour which Imigh ease that diataste for the sly and even the playing ff the gume that bso often experienced attr heavy reading ‘to erudite chom manta, ‘The various questions that ar propounded to the reader in the course of thi Dook hare.no other sie than ‘malate bis imagination and to give him « forctnte of what he wil have to do in actual play. “The anges vl e'foand at he end of the book nonin hi race hn, rea ‘may favour me with ther suggestions ceparing the book lf ‘or my method. ‘These sogzetons Twill bea ia ‘ind Sn any further edidons ofthis book ‘May this Ile book recive fom the’ aumecoue fvers of our wonderful geme that kindly welcome which they Ihave given to my previous wore [Eveane Zvosxo-onovsk. A LITTLE HISTORY “chess i «game of understanding and not of memory.” ‘This acim, ath which T opened my" brochure, Zoe Not to Play Chess has tot with univer approval ind thre loo a, Tor soap the ‘dy of the openings! Ie ie non, dhe, by memorising fats at sl ome prof ping ope Inge, but by undetsunding thelr meaning, ta porpoe, fin the genral Klas and pingpln which Se thei founda Moe. Here, mon nto thn account ae he scyusitons of the pvt; cerain ides, accumulated during ie Centre, are wll a yaluabe to-day a ever befor, ii is almayo a good thing to survey the ast, and ina trctine on ches however small the Boreal side as is Immporance Bat lee‘on be brief and not lose touch with Stns “Making rapid survey of thin history, and xtractng from it the underlying praipea which govemed the tretent ofthe openings af tao tne, ve are not ie surprised. to Helio that these principle €0 not “ontradct one another bt, ofthe contrary, that each ew principe inks om tothe oer ones, completes them, widens Ei iowledge posesed before, stdin lose elation with ie belpe forward the treatment of the openings. ‘There inno name more worthy £0 ‘hed a work on chess than that of Morphy, who embodics the very spt of the fre and although’ he was no theortlan, we thigk of Fin when dacuong the theory of the opeings. For ‘thers have taken a mote prominent part in the esbortion SF the fat printer concerning the development of the Pieces, we ae indebted to him fr a brillane demonstration EP hem Ht genius enabled him to reais cal what ‘ers could but vaguely dace. Morphy's syle was uch fn advance of the theory of io day, tad he dominated all is contemporaries not oly by (as briliant combinations, but aoand above al-by hi characte way of dealing wits the opening. (OF eoutbe there was then no coherent theory a6 we4 Aurmus a aden ic nom. Tee wr, he ny, eee and TEelated principles whi ‘he player in the opening. ‘We can condense them all ito a sngle one of freerate Importance, wich wa sted for che fest me, aparently bythae great French player, do La Bourdosnals and which sti holds god to-day. Weare speaking ere. of the ecoaty of developing the ptcos st quickly as posible at the begoning of 2 ge.” Accordingly we begin with the {no centre prs thn we tng ov the pico one By one, tre carl, ety in prlerene to moving the sme’ pese ‘everl times! but all tobe done a rpidy 2 pou Formulated shus, the marked diference betwe prindple and the manner of testing the openings before ‘Morphy’ tine isnot quite evident, Even the fantastis sgnbi ote ps ere lee withthe bet of ide enemy development. Neverthsesy the oference doot cia ori gambit who he poe ap ie Stack, the development of ti sory of the pieces fen neglected or he player erie foes cece tate with only two or thee pices in play. Morphy hel the opporie Yew’ be wis teeye hain. alte Ta asst go Elcs fhe detent of al hi pcs ht he was always ahead of his opponent in conointrating ager forces on the most important part of the pour. In these ireumstances, he needed no brillant combination to give Hn toy, at ea heaton ma grey spied Little by litte others followed his example: pieces were brought ott jut for the sake of rapid development, but witht Sy dee obec we hey, wer, emetines Posted more by Tuck than by judgment.” The general pine pl awh al devapnet mit omy bad et ‘Thanks to Steintz, = new scheme came into being to supplement Morphy’s ideas and to establish laws for the treatment of the openings. Tt was no longer a question of scatered rules, for a moder school as formed which gradually superseded the so-called classical schodl “The precepts of thin new school, bad on quas-centie sty ere to the pe + woke, a he, evan in Teas, when applied tothe openings, completely changed the character of them. ‘The Ganbite td the Gizoco ao were replaced by the Rey Lopes, the Queen's Pawn Gane Been Bene cc! oe te ier tion oocpied by thse openings iti enoagh fo recall that Sf over to games giv in Di. Taras famous book, Die moderne Schachparte, in barly4o were the older open” fnge"played. ‘The rerninder were the so-called tadera °Tivebody a ell wae now of te pg of se new schcl, for the whol game is step im them. But though its docrnes—she fist rel doctenes of chess—vere brought to such perecton by experts ike Taresh, Rubia- en-and Schl they were st fs fat frm atisactoy ‘Their strangeness sometimes provoked an opposition which seema fo ua gute a natal one. Did aot thew inventor Kay? tea ‘ without even thinking aout the mover school—so deeply fi ig tv Ino nove ae acquit {tt principles reht from the importance of the centre a of bpen ines and the need of ocupying thers with the {pproprint pics down co the deat of trong and weak ‘SGusrey, of iosted and_doubled pawns, ete. One of these Prncples, that no pawn adrance choad be made without ery good reason, bas often been criised it even Now card of sobbing the gre of sie and builince. For ‘Stdnits, the pews formed the slo of the gem, and Ihe never went oo fara to declare, an did tha fst positional Player, Philidor, that the pawas’are the smal of the game OF chews An egards the opening, then, the mois important prin- ciple ithe oscpeton of the centre. From tall oer ‘pend_it mast govern the whole of our tactics. The ‘errs isthe very bass of the game. Tes clear now what is meant by the ida of developing the pieces” ‘The legacy of the 16th century t0 Unio Dat