GRE

vocabulaRy
Flash review

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 1 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 Other titles Of interest frOm
le ArninGeX Press

EMT Fl ash Review

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 2 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 GRE
vocabulaRy
Flash review

New York

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 3 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 Copyright © 2011 LearningExpress, LLC.
A rights reserved under Internationa and Pan Ameri-
can Copyright Conventions. Pub ished in the United
States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York.
Library of Congress Cata oging-in-Pub ication Data
GRE Vocabu ary f ash review. — 1st ed.
p. ; cm.
ISBN- 978-1-57685-781-6
1. Vocabu ary—Prob ems, exercises, etc. 2. Graduate
Record Examination. I. LearningExpress (Organization)
PE1449.G656 2011
428.1—dc22
2010053646

Printed in the United States of America

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Gre Vo CABULArY

First Edition
For more information or to p ace an order, contact
LearningExpress at:
2 Rector Street
26th F oor
New York, NY 10006
Or visit us at:
www. earnatest.com

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 4 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 Contents

introDUCtion vii
aboUt this book xiii

a 1

b 45

C 57

D 87

e 123

F 159

G 173

h 181

i 189

J 225

k 229

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 5 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 l 231

M 243

n 261

o 267

P 277

319

r 327

s 343

t 379

U 393

v 397

w 409

Z 411

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 6 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 introDUCtion

The GRE genera test is designed to test app i-

cants who are app ying to graduate schoo . GRE
Vocabulary Flash Review inc udes pronunciation
guides, definitions, samp e sentences, and syno-
nyms for 600 of the words that most common y
appear on the Graduate Record Examination
(GRE) genera test. Studying and earning these
words wi he p you succeed on the Verba Rea-
soning sections of the exam.

about the Gre General test

Beginning in August 2011, the Educationa Testing
Service (ETS) is offering a revised version of the
GRE genera test. The fo owing information re-
f ects the format of the revised genera test; changes
from the previous version of the test are a so noted.
Beginning in August 2011, the GRE wi in-
c ude six sections. (The previous version inc uded
fewer but onger sections.)
[ vii ]

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 It inc udes:

■ An Analytic Writing section, for which

you wi write two short essays.
■ Two Verbal Reasoning sections, which
test reading comprehension.
■ Two Quantitative Reasoning sections,
which test mathematica concepts and ski s.
■ An unidentified experimental section.

A together, the test takes about three and a

ha f hours to comp ete. The Ana ytic Writing
section is a ways administered first; the other
sections may fo ow in any order. In addition, a
research section may conc ude the test. As with
the experimenta section, your answers on this
section wi not count toward your fina score.
Go to the ETS website for detai ed infor-
mation about each of these exam sections:

www.ets.org/gre

The Experimental Section

The experimenta section may be a third Verba
Reasoning section, or it may be a third Quanti-
tative Reasoning section. Because this section is
experimenta , and on y designed to test questions
for use on future exams, your answers on it wi
not count toward your fina score. However, you
wi not know which section is the experimenta

[ viii ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 8 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 section, so be sure to do your best on all parts of
the exam.

Computer-based testing
All GRE general tests within the United States
are administered by computer. (Only if you take
the exam outside the United States, in an area
where computer-based testing is unavailable, will
you take a paper-based exam; these are admin-
istered a limited number of times each year.)
Beginning in August 2011, the format of the
computer-based exam will allow you to change
answers within a section or skip questions and go
back to them later—actions that were not per-
mitted on the previous version of the computer-
based exam. Although scratch paper is permitted,
the exam is administered entirely by computer.

vocabulary on the Gre General test

Gre Vo CABULArY

Unlike the previous version of the GRE general

test, the revised version does not include anto-
nyms or analogies—question types that test the
understanding of vocabulary out of context.This
is good news for you! The context provided by
a sentence or passage on which each question is
based will help you determine the meaning of
the words you study in this book and elsewhere.

[ ix ]

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 Beginning in August 2011, the Verba Rea-
soning sections of the GRE genera test inc ude
the fo owing three question types.
Rea ing Comprehension questions test your
understanding of a text. The GRE genera test
inc udes about 10 Reading Comprehension
passages, ranging in ength from one paragraph
to severa ; as few as one and as many as six ques-
tions may be asked about a given passage. These
wi comprise about ha f of the questions you
wi see on the Verba Reasoning sections.
There are three kinds of Reading Compre-
hension questions:

■■■ Some questions are traditiona mu tip e-

choice questions, in which you se ect one
correct answer from among five choices.
■■■ Some questions require you to se ect

one, two, or three correct answers from

among three choices. You cannot receive
partia credit for your responses to these
questions; you receive credit for your re-
sponse on y if you se ect a of the correct
answers and nothing e se.
■■■ Some questions, require you to c ick

on the sentence within the passage that

meets a particu ar description.

Some Reading Comprehension questions wi

ask direct y about the meaning of words within

[x]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 10 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 a passage. However, because the strength of your
vocabu ary is a crucia factor in your abi ity to
understand what you read, vocabu ary study
shou d he p you prepare for Reading Compre-
hension questions.
For Text Completion questions, you are
presented with a brief passage, from which some
words have been omitted.Your task is to se ect
the words and/or phrases that comp ete the pas-
sage in a way that makes sense. If the passage
inc udes just one b ank, you wi be offered five
choices, on y one of which fi s in the b ank cor-
rect y. If the passage inc udes two or three b anks,
you wi be offered three choices for each b ank.
For Sentence Equivalence questions, you
are presented with a sing e sentence that in-
c udes a b ank.Your task is to se ect two words
from among the choices provided, either of
which cou d comp ete the sentence in a way
that makes sense. The two comp eted sentences
wi be equiva ent in meaning. You cannot re-
ceive partia credit for your responses to these
questions; you receive credit for your response
on y if you se ect both correct answers.
Because of their more focused format, success
with Text Comp etion and Sentence Equiva-
ence questions depends great y on the strength
of your vocabu ary.

[ xi ]

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 Blank Page

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 12 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 aboUt this book

The 600 words in this book are presented in al-

phabetical order. Each page includes three words:
On one side, the words are provided along with
a guide to their pronunciation. On the reverse
side, definitions, sample sentences, and synonyms
are provided for each word. The pages are de-
signed in this way so that you can quiz yourself
on the meaning of each word.
The pronunciation of each word is given.
Capital letters indicate stressed syllables, and the
following spellings are used to represent some
common sounds.

g girl
j jelly
k kite, cat
s sun, celery
z zest, cheese
zh measure

[ xiii ]

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 a hat
e bed
i wish
o mop
u cup
ey cake
ee eat
ahy bike
oh coat
yoo music
uh alarm schwa]
aw raw
ou mouse
oo room

The definitions provided for the words are not

comprehensive, but rather focus your attention
on the meanings that are the most common—
and the most common y tested. Synonyms are
provided to further c arify the meaning of each
word. Because the best way to earn vocabu ary
is to earn it in context, a samp e sentence is pro-
vided for each word, to i ustrate its use.
A word about spe ing: yes, it does count! Take
care to note and earn the distinction between
such common y confused words as com lacent and
com laisant and discreet and discrete. A so note the
spe ing of such words as com lement (as opposed to
com liment) and imminent (as opposed to eminent).
[ xiv ]

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 Using this book for vocabulary study
In truth, vocabu ary acquisition is the work of
a ifetime. Don’t try to earn a 600 words in
this book at once. The best approach is to study
the words in sets of about 12 or 15 words (4 or
5 pages) each day. The fo owing is a suggested
program of study:

■ Review a set of words in the morning.

Say each word a oud. Try to think of
your own sentences using the words.
■ Write the words down on a sheet of pa-
per, and keep the sheet with you, check-
ing it throughout the day to fami iarize
yourse f with the ist.
■ In the evening, quiz yourse f on the
meaning of the words. Use a penci to
write a check next to the words you de-
fine correct y; review the words you are
unab e to define, a ong with the words
you wi study the next day.
■ Periodica y quiz yourse f on the words
you have a ready studied, to check that
you have earned them.

a last word on vocabulary study:

read, read, read
Vocabu ary is earned best when it is earned in
context—that’s why we’ve provided a samp e
[ xv ]

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 sentence for each word in this book. The more
frequent y you encounter words in a variety of
contexts, the better you wi be ab e to remem-
ber them, and even discern the nuances of their
meaning. So, the best way to earn GRE vocab-
u ary is to read, read, read!
If you are current y an undergraduate, you’re
probab y scramb ing to keep up with your
week y reading assignments. As you read, pay
attention to the vocabu ary in each assignment.
Take the time to note and ook up the meaning
of words you don’t know. If you come across
one of the words in this book, note the context
in which it is used.You might even want to jot
down the sentence on the page with the word
in this book.
If you are not current y in schoo , the type of
reading that wi best prepare you for the GRE
genera test is nonfiction. Read the newspaper.
Read serious magazines, such as New Yorker,
The Economist, or The Nation. Read biographies.
Choose a subject that matters to you, and read
everything you can find on the topic. As you
read, pay attention to the vocabu ary you en-
counter; earn the words that are new to you,
and note the use of words you have earned
from this book.

[ xvi ]

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 GRE
vocabulaRy
Flash review

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 17 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 Blank Page

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 18 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
ABAte
(ah-BEYT)

ABd CAte
(AB-di-keyt)

Gre Vo CABULArY

ABerrANt
(ah-BER-uhnt)

[1]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 1 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
to make or be ome less in degree, intensity,
value, or amount
We waited for the storm to abate before we
headed out.
Synonyms: decrease, diminish, reduce, subside

to give up a right or responsibility, espe ially

formally
Elizabeth II of England would probably not
have be ome queen if her un le, King Edward
VIII, had not abdicated.
Synonyms: relinquish, renounce, resign

going off the usual, normal, or right way;

deviating from the usual or normal type
The aberrant weather during that rainy summer
Gre VoCABULArY

left many feeling as though there had not been

any summer at all.
Synonyms: abnormal, atypical, deviant, unusual

[2]

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 A

ABeYANCe
(uh-BEY-uhns)

ABjeCt
(AB-jekt)

ABjUre
Gre Vo CABULArY

(ab-JOOR)

[3]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 14 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
a temporary state of inactivity
We kept our travel plans in abeyance and
did not go until we were ertain that we had
enough money for the trip.
Synonyms: inactivity, recess, suspension

completely hopeless
They lost everything when their house burned
down and have sin e lived in abject onditions,
often homeless.
Synonyms: downtrodden, miserable, wretched

to formally reject, often under oath

Though she had ompletely hanged her
ways, she ould not abjure her former friends.
Gre

Synonyms: forswear, renounce

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[4]

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 A

ABsCoNd
(ab-SKOND)

ABstem oUs
(ab-STEE-mee-uhs)

ABYsmAL
(uh-BIZ-muhl)
Gre V oCABULArY

[5]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 5 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
to leave secretly and suddenly
One minute the hildren were underfoot; the
next minute, they absconded with all the
ookies.
Synonyms: disappear, escape, vanish

restrained, especially with food and alcohol

Sin e she began to do yoga, she has also been
abstemious with both al ohol and junk food.
Synonyms: frugal, moderate, restrained, tem-
perate

like an abyss: immeasurably great or low;

hopelessly bad
He wrote the term paper all in one night, and
the results were abysmal.
Gre

Synonyms: bottomless, vast, wretched

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[6]

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 A

ACCoLAde
(A-kuh-LEYD)

ACerB C
(uh-SUHR-bik)

ACCrUe
(uh-KROO)
Gre V oCABULArY

[7]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 7 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
an award or other expression of honor or
praise
Given the number of accolades she has
re eived for her work on stage and in film, it is
surprising just how humble she is.
Synonyms: award, honor

sour or harsh in taste, mood, or temperament

He tried to hide his bad mood, but his acerbic
reply gave his anger away.
Synonyms: acidic, caustic, harsh, sharp

to grow through additions

As the years accrue, so does wisdom.
Synonyms: accumulate, collect, increase
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[8]

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 A

ACUmeN
(A-kyuh-muhn)

AdAmANt
(A-duh-muhnt)

AdmoN sh
(ad-MO-nish)
Gre V oCABULArY

[9]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 9 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
insight or shrewdness, especially in practical
matters
Due to the ombination of her personal
warmth and business acumen, her new
ompany was an instant su ess.
Synonyms: discernment, insight, judgment,
perception

insistent, immovable
Though the hild protested, his parents
were adamant: he had to be in bed by eight
o’ lo k.
Synonyms: determined, inflexible, resolute,
stubborn, unyielding

to advise against something; to gently scold

Gre

or warn
The tea her admonished the hildren for
Gre

tra king mud down the hallways of the s hool.

V oCABULA

Synonyms: advise, reprimand, warn

Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 10 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 10 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A

AdULAt oN
(a-juh-LEY-shun)

AdULterAte
(uh-DUHL-tuh-REYT)

Gre V oCABULArY

Aesthet C
(es-THE-tik)

[ 11 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 11 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
excessive admiration, praise, or devotion;
flattery
The football star enjoyed the adulation of
thousands of fans until it was revealed that he
had heated.
Synonyms: devotion, fawning, flattery, worship

to make impure by adding foreign or inferior

elements, materials, or ingredients
Do not adulterate this ake batter by using
flour of su h poor quality!
Synonyms: cheapen, corrupt, dilute, weaken

having to do with beauty or the arts

Though the morality of the movie is question-
able, its aesthetic qualities are admirable: it
Gre

was beautifully filmed.

Gre

Synonym: artistic
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 12 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 12 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A

Aff N tY
(uh-FI-ni-tee)

AGGrANd ze
(uh-GRAN-dahyz)

AGGreGAte
Gre V oCABULArY

(A-gre-guht or A-gre-GEYT)

[ 13 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 13 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
an attraction, especially one based on a
similarity in interests
Countless young women have read and reread
Jane Eyre, feeling an affinity for its fier e heroine.
Synonyms: affection, fondness, sympathy

to make greater in size, power, or honor; to

enhance the appearance of greatness
The di tator aggrandized his power by taking
ontrol of the press and all other media.
Synonyms: glorify, hype, inflate, strengthen

(adj.) formed by grouping elements into one

larger body
The aggregate power of the teammates was
far greater than you might imagine based on
their individual talents.
Gre

Synonyms: accumulated, collective

(v.) to group elements into one larger body
Gre
V oCABULA

We need to aggregate the survey results in

order to have a lear pi ture of the overall data.
Vo CABULArY

Synonyms: assemble, collect, combine

(n.) a body of associated elements
In the aggregate, her small daily efforts
resulted in a gorgeous book of poems.
rY

Synonyms: combination, mass, whole

[ 14 ]

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 A

ALACr tY
(uh-LA-kruh-tee)

ALChemY
(AL-kuh-mee)

ALLAY
(uh-LEY)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 15 ]

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 A
cheerful readiness
He replied to the invitation with alacrity; he
was eager for the opportunity to travel to
Puerto Ri o.
Synonyms: liveliness, promptness, willingness

the power or process that can change some-

thing ordinary into something valuable; a
medieval pseudoscience with the purpose of
changing lead into gold
The alchemy that transformed him into a dash-
ingly handsome man in her eyes was love.
Synonyms: enchantment, magic, sorcery

to put to rest; to decrease in strength or

difficulty
Gre

After they heard the oyotes howling, nothing

but the dawn ould allay their fears.
Gre
V oCABULA

Synonyms: alleviate, calm, ease, lessen, relieve

Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 16 ]

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 A

ALLeV Ate
(uh-LEE-vee-eyt)

ALLoY
(A-loi)

ALLUre
Gre V oCABULArY

(uh-LOOR)

[ 17 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 17 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
to lessen the burden, make easier
Her alm support did mu h to alleviate his
diffi ulties with the task.
Synonyms: allay, ease, lighten, relieve

a mixture of two or more different things;

literally, a mixture of two or more metals or
of a metal and nonmetal
Even sterling silver is a tually an alloy of silver
with another metal, usually opper.
Synonyms: blend, combination, composite,
compound

(v.) to attract
Only the possibility that his favorite singer
might perform ould allure him to attend the
Gre

on ert.
Gre

Synonyms: charm, entice, tempt

V oCABULA

(n.) that which attracts

Vo CABULArY

Easily nauseated, she ould not see the allure

of a roller oaster.
Synonyms: appeal, charm
rY

[ 18 ]

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 A
AmALGAmAte
(uh-MAL-guh-MEYT)

AmB GUoUs
(am-BI-gyoo-wuhs)

Gre V oCABULArY

AmB VALeNCe
(am-BI-vuh-luhns)

[ 19 ]

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 A
to mix or combine into one body
The plan to amalgamate the two high s hools
was not well thought out, and the students did
not easily unite into one s hool.
Synonyms: blend, incorporate, integrate,
merge

ill-defined or uncertain; possible to be under-

stood in different ways
Her habitual sar asm rendered her statement
ambiguous; no one ould tell if she really
meant what she said.
Synonyms: cryptic, enigmatic, indefinite,
indeterminate

uncertainty; the state of having two or more

Gre

contradictory feelings about something at the

same time
Gre

His ambivalence about playing the piano went

V oCABULA

on for years, and he thought about quitting

every day until he enrolled at the onservatory.
Vo CABULArY

Synonyms: doubt, indecision, uncertainty

rY

[ 20 ]

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 A

AmeL orAte
(uh-MEEL-yuh-reyt)

AmeNABLe
(uh-ME-nuh-buhl)

Gre V oCABULArY

AmeN tY
(uh-ME-nuh-tee)

[ 21 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 21 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
to get or make better
Her illness was ameliorated by the fa t that it
permitted her finally to rest and get enough
sleep.
Synonyms: alleviate, improve, relieve

agreeable, willing, or submissive; answerable

or legally responsible; able to be examined or
tested
Even though it would require him to redo
mu h of the work he had done so far, he was
amenable to the hange in plans.
Synonyms: cooperative, manageable; accountable

the quality of being agreeable; a feature that

increases value or comfort
Gre

He had be ome so used to the general amenity

of the ommunity that the rudeness of the gro ery
Gre

store lerk sho ked him.

V oCABULA

Synonyms: charm, pleasantness; advantage,

Vo CABULArY

convenience
rY

[ 22 ]

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 A

ANAChroN sm
(uh-NA-kruh-ni-zuhm)

ANALoGoUs
(uh-NA-luh-guhs)

Gre V oCABULArY

ANArChY
(A-nuhr-kee)

[ 23 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 23 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
a person or thing that is out of place in time
Her floor-length skirts and elaborately done up
hair were anachronisms that she nevertheless
pulled off with gra e.
Synonym: misplacement

comparable in such a way that an analogy can

be drawn
Freud viewed the mind as analogous to a
steam engine, whereas today we are more
likely to ompare it to a omputer.
Synonyms: alike, corresponding

lack of government; complete disorder

When the tea her was alled out of the
lassroom, the hildren erupted into gleeful
Gre

anarchy.
Gre

Synonyms: chaos, confusion, turmoil

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 24 ]

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 A

ANAthemA
(uh-NA-thuh-muh)

ANodYNe
(A-nuh-dahyn)

ANomALY
Gre V oCABULArY

(uh-NO-muh-lee)

[ 25 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 25 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
someone or something that is cursed or
disliked intensely; a curse
Ex ept for arrots, vegetables were anathema
to the toddler.
Synonyms: abomination, pariah

something that comforts; a medicine that

relieves pain
The musi of Ba h was an anodyne to her
through the months of mourning.
Synonyms: balm; painkiller

something different, irregular

His late submission was an anomaly; he was
known for meeting his deadlines.
Gre

Synonyms: aberration, exception, irregularity,

oddity
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 26 ]

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 A

ANt pAthY
(an-TI-puh-thee)

ApostAte
(uh-PO-steyt)

ApoGee
(A-puh-jee)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 27 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 27 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
dislike, feeling against
He ould not over ome his antipathy for
dogs, even to date a woman who had a
poodle as a pet.
Synonyms: aversion, disgust, loathing

one who renounces a previous loyalty, such as

to a religion, nation, or party
Though she had many disagreements with the
party, she had no plans to be ome an apostate.
Synonyms: defector, dissenter, heretic,
nonconformist

the highest point; literally, the point at which

an orbiting body is farthest from Earth
Finalizing the deal that spring was the apogee
Gre

of her areer thus far.

Gre

Synonyms: apex, climax, summit, zenith

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 28 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 28 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A

AppeAse
(uh-PEEZ)

Appr se
(uh-PRAYHZ)

ApproBAt oN
Gre V oCABULArY

(a-pruh-BEY-shuhn)

[ 29 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 29 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
to bring to a state of peace
Only singing her favorite song ould appease
the distressed hild.
Synonyms: calm, pacify, soothe

to inform
He kept the radio on at all times, to be sure
he was kept apprised of the latest weather
report.
Synonyms: advise, enlighten, notify

formal approval
Make art to express yourself, not to win the
approbation of others.
Synonyms: approval, commendation, endorse-
Gre

ment, recognition
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 30 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 30 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A

Appropr Ate
(uh-PRO-pree-eyt)

ArChA C
(ahr-KEY-ik)

ArdUoUs
(AHR-juh-wuhs)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 31 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 31 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
to set apart for a specific use; to take for
oneself
The army appropriated all vehi les in the
region for military use.
Synonyms: confiscate, seize, steal, usurp

of the past; extremely old or out of date

Students think that the language of Shakespeare
is archaic until they en ounter the work of Chau er,
who lived about two enturies earlier.
Synonyms: ancient, obsolete, old-fashioned

extremely difficult; requiring much energy or

effort
Running a marathon is arduous enough in
itself; I an’t imagine doing it as the last leg
Gre

of a triathlon.
Gre

Synonyms: exhausting, grueling, strenuous

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 32 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 32 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A

ArtLess
(AHRT-luhs)

AsCet C
(uh-SE-tik)

Asper tY
(a-SPER-uh-tee)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 33 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 33 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
natural, simple, and without artificiality;
without knowledge or skill
The hild artlessly won over even the rankiest
adults simply by smiling at them.
Synonyms: genuine, straightforward, unaffected,
uncultured

strictly self-denying, often for spiritual purposes

The ascetic pra ti es of a monk are ertainly
not for everyone.
Synonyms: austere, disciplined, strict

severity of tone, manner, or temper; roughness

The asperity with whi h she spoke revealed
her anger about the situation.
Gre

Synonyms: harshness, sharpness

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 34 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 34 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A

Aspers oN
(uh-SPER-zhuhn)

Ass dUoUs
(uh-SI-juh-wuhs)

AssUAGe
(uh-SWEYJ)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 35 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 35 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
a false accusation intended to do harm
He ast aspersions on his rival, but everyone
ould see that his wild laims were not true.
Synonyms: defamation, slander

characterized by persistent and careful atten-

tion or effort
An assiduous student, she earned the highest
grades despite her learning disability.
Synonyms: attentive, constant, persevering

to decrease the intensity or severity of

Nothing but time ould assuage their grief
after they lost their home.
Synonyms: calm, ease, relieve
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 36 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 36 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A

Astr NGeNt
(uh-STRIN-juhnt)

AsYLUm
(uh-SAHY-luhm)

AtteNUAte
(uh-TEN-yuh-WEYT)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 37 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 37 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
harsh, caustic, strict
He was the only employee unafraid of the
boss’s astringent tongue.
Synonyms: biting, bitter, cutting, sharp

a place or state of shelter and protection; a

place for the care of the ill or insane
The refugees found asylum at the monastery.
Synonyms: refuge, retreat, sanctuary

to make thin or weak

Her enthusiasm was attenuated by the length
of the event; she did not like to be kept awake
so late.
Synonyms: debilitate, lessen, weaken
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 38 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 38 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A

AUdAC oUs
(aw-DEY-shuhs)

AUstere
(aw-STEER)

AUtoNomoUs
(aw-TO-nuh-muhs)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 39 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 39 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
daring, recklessly brave; inventive,
unconventional
I am hardly audacious enough to go s uba
diving, let alone sky diving!
Synonyms: adventurous, bold, rash

somber, strict, or stern in manner or appearance

The house was plain and blended into the
austere winter lands ape.
Synonyms: ascetic, rigorous, serious, solemn

independent
There are many who wish that the ity govern-
ment were more autonomous and did not have
to abide by the de isions made at the distant
state apital.
Gre

Synonyms: self-governing, self-ruling, sovereign

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 40 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 40 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A

AVAr Ce
(A-vuh-ruhs)

AVer
(uh-VUHR)

AVoCAt oN
(a-vuh-KEY-shun)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 41 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 41 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A

a greed for wealth that cannot be satisfied

His avarice was a sour e of great dis ontent; he
ould not be happy with what he already had.
Synonyms: covetousness, greed, rapacity

to declare or prove to be true

I an aver that her story is true, be ause I was
there and saw it happen myself.
Synonyms: affirm, assert, claim, verify

an occupation pursued for enjoyment

She pursued her avocation of designing jewelry
in the evenings after returning home from her
day job.
Gre

Synonyms: diversion, hobby, pastime

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 42 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 42 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A

Ax omAt C
(AK-see-uh-MA-tik)

Gre V oCABULArY

[ 43 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 43 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 A
taken as an axiom, or self-evident truth
Until Coperni us showed otherwise, it was
taken as a iomatic that the Earth was the
enter of the universe.
Synonyms: accepted, fundamental, given,
obvious
Gre
Gre
VoVo
CABULArY
CABULArY

[ 44 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 44 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 B
BANAL
(buh-NAL)

BAwdY
(BAW-dee)

Gre V oCABULArY

Behemoth
(bi-HEE-muhth)

[ 45 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 45 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 B
unoriginal, trite
The musi al was unbelievably banal; the
hara ters, plot, and musi ompletely la ked
originality.
Synonyms: bland, conventional, hackneyed

obscene, often in a boisterous or humorous

way
Shakespeare’s language an be as bawdy as it
is beautiful.
Synonyms: coarse, indecent, lewd, vulgar

something enormous in size or power

The ompany was a behemoth, asso iated
with about 1,000 brands, some of them even
Gre

ompeting with ea h other.

Synonyms: beast, giant, leviathan, mammoth
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 46 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 46 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 B

BeL e
(bi-LAYH)

BeLL Cose
(BEH-li-kohs)

BeNef CeNt
(buh-NE-fuh-suhnt)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 47 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 47 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 B
to reveal the falsehood of, contradict
His blushing fa e belied his laim that he did
not are.
Synonyms: disprove, negate, repudiate

inclined or eager to fight

The bellicose young man pi ked fights on the
playground nearly every day.
Synonyms: belligerent, combative, hostile,
warlike

doing good
Every fall, they elebrated the beneficent
Earth for its ri h harvest.
Synonyms: benevolent, generous, kind
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 48 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 48 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 B

BLANd shmeNt
(BLAN-dish-muhnt)

BoLster
(BOHL-stuhr)

BomBAst C
(bom-BAS-tik)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 49 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 49 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 B
flattery intended to persuade
The blandishments of the salesperson got the
better of her judgment, and she pur hased the
stereo, only to return it the next day.
Synonyms: coaxing, fawning, wheedling

to give support
The oa h bolstered their spirits after they
played a poor first half, and ultimately they
won the game.
Synonyms: brace, sustain, uphold

obnoxiously pretentious in speech or writing

After an evening of listening to bombastic
spee hes, I left the award eremony with a
Gre

heada he.
Synonyms: pompous
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 50 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 50 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 B

Boor sh
(BOOR-ish)

BrAzeN
(BREY-zuhn)

BroACh
(brohch)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 51 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 51 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 B
rude in a way that reveals insensitivity to others
He lost several friends be ause of his boorish
behavior at the party that night.
Synonyms: bad mannered, coarse, crude

shamelessly bold
He was so brazen as to interrupt the guest
speaker in the middle of her remarks.
Synonyms: audacious, cocky, impudent

to mention for the first time

Though he loved her dearly, he was too timid
to broach the topi of marriage.
Synonyms: introduce, propose, suggest
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 52 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 52 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 B

BUCoL C
(byoo-KO-lik)

BUrGeoN
(BUHR-juhn)

BUrN sh
(BUHR-nish)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 53 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 53 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 B
having to do with shepherds or rural life
He enjoyed their va ation in bucolic northern
New England; she longed to return to the ity.
Synonyms: pastoral, rural, rustic

to sprout, bloom, and grow

She burgeoned into an eager reader shortly
after beginning first grade.
Synonyms: blossom, flourish

to polish, especially by rubbing

The arpenter burnished the surfa e of the
table until it was smooth and glossy.
Synonyms: brighten, rub, shine
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 54 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 54 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 B

BUttress
(BUH-truhs)

Gre V oCABULArY

[ 55 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 55 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 B
to support, prop up
She listened to the anthem again and again, to
buttress her ourage.
Synonyms: bolster, brace, strengthen
Gre
Gre
VoVo
CABULArY
CABULArY

[ 56 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 56 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C
CACophoNY
(kuh-KO-fuh-nee)

CALUmNY
(kuh-LUM-nee)

CANoN
Gre V oCABULArY

(KA-nuhn)

[ 57 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 57 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C
harsh, discordant sound
To her, it was powerfully stirring musi ; to her
parents, it was unbearable cacophony.
Synonyms: discord, noise

false charges made with the intention of

harming the reputation of another
Despite the falseness of the harges, the
calumny ended her areer in politi s.
Synonyms: defamation, slander

a body of fundamental rules or standards; a set

of sacred texts or other comprehensive list of
texts
Many of the books we take as part of the
Gre

canon today may be forgotten in the next

entury.
Gre

Synonyms: dogma, law, principle

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 58 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 58 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C

CANt
(kant)

CApr C oUs
(kuhp-REE-shuhs)

CApt oUs
(KAP-shuhs)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 59 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 59 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C
the use of trite or stock language, especially
for insincere expressions of enthusiasm or
piety
We were disgusted with the empty cant of the
politi ians, who had done nothing to prevent
the disaster.
Synonyms: hypocrisy, sanctimoniousness

impulsive, tending to act according to whim

He was so capricious that he rarely kept a job
longer than a few months.
Synonyms: arbitrary, erratic, unpredictable

tending to find fault; designed to confuse

The tea her’s feedba k was more captious
Gre

than instru tive.

Synonyms: cantankerous, faultfinding, finicky,
Gre

nit-picking
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 60 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 60 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C

CAst GAt oN
(kas-ti-GEY-shuhn)

CAtALYst
(KA-tuh-luhst)

CAUsAL
Gre V oCABULArY

(KAW-zuhl)

[ 61 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 61 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C
severe criticism or punishment
The hildren did not expe t su h castigation
from their gentle tea her, who later apologized
for reprimanding them so harshly.
Synonyms: chastisement, discipline, invective

an agent that causes or speeds up a change

or activity; literally, a substance that causes or
speeds up a chemical reaction
They had talked about moving for years; her
pregnan y was the catalyst that finally spurred
them to take a tion.
Synonyms: impetus, stimulus

relating to a cause
Gre

She understood the causal relationship between

the are she took with her studies and her
Gre

grades.
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 62 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 62 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C

CAUst C
(KAWS-tik)

CAV L
(KA-vil)

Gre V oCABULArY

CeNsUre
(SEN-sher)

[ 63 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 63 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C
able to burn or corrode; sarcastic
Her caustic tone and sar asti words said
everything we needed to know about her
thoughts about getting fired.
Synonyms: acerbic, biting, harsh

to raise minor objections

His tenden y to cavil at new ideas made him a
poor manager, and he was soon fired.
Synonyms: criticize, quibble

blame, formal condemnation

The censure of her olleagues did nothing to
urb her illi it behavior.
Synonyms: criticism, disapproval, reprimand
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 64 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 64 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C

ChArY
(CHER-ee)

ChAsteN
(CHEY-suhn)

Ch CANerY
(shi-KEYN-uh-ree)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 65 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 65 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C
cautious
She was chary of auditioning for another play
after the last produ tion ended in a deba le.
Synonyms: careful, restrained, wary

to correct through punishment

The hildren were thoroughly chastened after
they spent their weekend leaning the play-
ground they had damaged.
Synonyms: discipline, humiliate, subdue

deception through trickery

He won the ompetition through chicanery,
not talent.
Synonyms: artifice, cheating, subterfuge
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 66 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 66 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C

Ch merA
(kahy-MIR-uh)

C rCU toUs
(suhr-KYOO-uh-tuhs)

CoAGULAte
(koh-A-gyuh-leyt)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 67 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 67 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C
a terrible illusion, an imagined monster
The chimera that haunts him at night is his
idea of himself in the future.
Synonyms: delusion, mirage

going in a winding, indirect way

Though it may have been qui ker to go by the
highway, we enjoyed the circuitous drive to
the lake.
Synonyms: rambling, roundabout

to thicken; to gather in a mass

The milk be ame sour and began to coagulate.
Synonyms: congeal, clot, curdle, solidify
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 68 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 68 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C

CodA
(KOH-duh)

CoGeNt
(KOH-juhnt)

CommeNsUrAte
(kuh-MEN-se-ruht)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 69 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 69 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C
the conclusion of a work of music, literature,
drama, or film, often formally different from
the rest of the work
We knew how the story was going to turn out
long before the play rea hed its coda.
Synonyms: conclusion, ending, finale

very convincing and appealing to reason;

relevant
The senator was not able to give a cogent
argument in favor of his re-ele tion.
Synonyms: apt, compelling, persuasive, telling

equal or corresponding in measure, degree,

intensity, or duration
Gre

If your effort is commensurate with your

desire, you are likely to su eed.
Gre

Synonyms: comparable, equivalent,

V oCABULA

proportionate
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 70 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 70 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C

CompeNd Um
(kuhm-PEN-dee-uhm)

CompLACeNt
(kuhm-PLEY-suhnt)

CompLA sANt
Gre V oCABULArY

(kuhm-PLEY-suhnt)

[ 71 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 71 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C
a summary of a larger work or body of knowl-
edge; a complete list of items
The thin volume in luded a compendium of all
the different kinds of birds he had seen visiting
the woods in his ba kyard.
Synonyms: abstract, digest, overview, survey

satisfied with one’s own condition

It is easy to be complacent with one’s own
good fortune rather than to use it to better the
lives of others.
Synonyms: self-satisfied, smug, unconcerned

inclined to please
The girl was shy but complaisant, and soon
Gre

warmed up to the ompany.

Synonyms: agreeable, gracious, obliging
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 72 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 72 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C

CompLemeNt
(KOM-pluh-ment)

CompL ANt
(kuhm-PLAHY-uhnt)

CoNC L AtorY
Gre V oCABULArY

(kuhn-SI-lee-uh-taw-ree)

[ 73 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 73 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C
something that completes or perfects
For her, offee is a ne essary complement to
breakfast.
Synonyms: counterpart, enhancement,
supplement

conforming, submissive
Stand firmly on your ground—don’t be so
compliant!
Synonyms: docile, obedient, obliging, yielding

tending to gain goodwill, overcome distrust

Upon hearing her conciliatory words, no one
was in the mood to argue anymore.
Synonyms: appeasing, civil, placating
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 74 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 74 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C

CoNfoUNd
(kuhn-FOUND)

CoNNo sseUr
(ko-nuh-SUHR)

CoNteNt oN
(kuhn-TEN-shuhn)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 75 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 75 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C
to confuse thoroughly
The dire tions confounded her so ompletely
that she ended up on the wrong side of town.
Synonyms: baffle, bewilder, frustrate, perplex

one who understands, appreciates, and can

make judgments of an art or matter of taste
Though he laimed to be a connoisseur of
twentieth entury art, he ould not even tell a
Pi asso from a Pollo k.
Synonyms: aficionado, expert, specialist

opposition, strife; an idea proposed and held

in debate or argument
The onstant mishaps of her la kadaisi al
Gre

brother be ame a sour e of contention with

her husband.
Gre

Synonyms: conflict, discord, quarrel

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 76 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 76 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C

CoNt GUoUs
(kuhn-TI-gyoo-wuhs)

CoNtr te
(kuhn-TRAHYT)

CoNtUmAC oUs
Gre V oCABULArY

(kon-too-MEY-shuhs)

[ 77 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 77 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C
in contact, adjoining
The state of Alaska is contiguous with Canada
but not with the United States.
Synonyms: adjacent, bordering, neighboring,
touching

feeling or showing sorrow for wrongdoing

Though he was contrite after their argument,
she was not easily willing to forgive.
Synonyms: apologetic, penitent, remorseful,
sorry

stubbornly rebellious
The contumacious little girl refused to listen to
reason and to wear a ja ket or shoes.
Gre

Synonyms: headstrong, obstinate

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 78 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 78 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C

CoNUNdrUm
(kuh-NUHN-druhm)

CoNVeNt oN
(kuhn-VEN-shuhn)

CoNV V AL
Gre V oCABULArY

(kuhn-VI-vee-uhl)

[ 79 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 79 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C
a complicated problem; literally, a riddle with a
pun or wordplay in its answer
The disorder in his bedroom every morning
was a conundrum, until they realized that he
was sleepwalking at night.
Synonyms: puzzle, riddle, trick

a meeting; an agreement; the standard or

usual way of doing things
As e-mail has be ome the main form of written
orresponden e, many people are forgetting
the conventions of letter writing.
Synonyms: custom, habit

enjoying company, food, and drink

Gre

A convivial person, she looks forward to the

holidays even though they mark the beginning
Gre

of winter.
V oCABULA

Synonyms: agreeable, friendly, jovial

Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 80 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 80 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C

CoNVoLUted
(KON-vuh-loo-tuhd)

Cop oUs
(KOH-pee-uhs)

Gre V oCABULArY

CrAVeN
(KREY-vuhn)

[ 81 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 81 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C
full of twists and turns, complicated
His convoluted dire tions were unne essary;
all that he needed to say was, “Turn left at the
orner.”
Synonyms: complex, intricate, puzzling

numerous, plentiful
She took copious notes and filled several
notebooks every term.
Synonyms: abundant, extensive, generous

completely lacking in courage

Please tell me you are not so craven as to
forfeit the game rather than fa e your fier est
opponent.
Gre

Synonyms: cowardly, fearful, timid

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 82 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 82 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C

CredULoUs
(KRE-juh-luhs)

CULpABLe
(KUHL-puh-buhl)

CYN C sm
(SI-nuh-si-zuhm)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 C
willing to believe; originating in credulity
As a tea her, he was far too credulous, and his
students ould get away with almost anything,
so long as they ould tell a story to explain it.
Synonyms: believing, gullible, unsuspecting

deserving blame
Though she was learly culpable, she was
never even harged for the rime.
Synonyms: blameworthy, guilty, liable

a complete lack of faith, especially in the

values and motives of humans
Despite his cynicism, he was also harm-
ing, and soon everyone was sedu ed by his
Gre

gloomy outlook.
Synonyms: bitterness, negativism, pessimism,
Gre

sarcasm
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 C

CYNosUre
(SI-no-shor)

Gre V oCABULArY

[ 85 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 85 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 C
center of attraction
The movie star is an unapologeti cynosure;
she always expe ts all eyes to be on her.
Synonyms: hotshot
Gre
Gre
VoVo
CABULArY
CABULArY

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 d
deArth
(duhrth)

deBACLe
(duh-BAH-kuhl)

deBAUCherY
(di-BAW-chuh-ree)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 d
a shortage, an inadequate supply
The dearth of lean water was due to the
drought.
Synonyms: deficiency, lack, scarcity

a disaster or complete failure

The play was supposed to be a tragedy, but
the produ tion was su h a debacle that the
audien e laughed through the third a t.
Synonyms: breakdown, defeat, fiasco, wreck

indulgence in physical pleasures

His life of debauchery took a toll on his body,
and he looked far older than his years.
Synonyms: depravity, intemperance, revelry
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 d

deCorUm
(di-KOHR-uhm)

defAULt
(di-FAWLT)

defereNCe
(DEH-fuh-ruhns)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 d
propriety and good taste
Please ondu t yourselves with decorum during
our visit to the mayor’s offi e.
Synonyms: civility, convention, dignity

(n.) a failure to act or fulfill an obligation

We hired him by default; none of the other
appli ants showed up for the interview.
Synonyms: disregard, neglect
(v.) to fail to act or fulfill an obligation
She defaulted on her mortgage payments
after she lost her job.
Synonyms: evade, neglect

respect for and submission to the judgment or

Gre

will of another, especially an elder or superior

Gre

The hildren treated their grandparents with

deference.
V oCABULA

Synonyms: compliance, courtesy, esteem,

Vo CABULArY

regard
rY

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 d

defUNCt
(di-FUHNGKT)

deL NeAte
(di-LI-nee-eyt)

Gre V oCABULArY

demUr
(di-MUHR)

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 d
no longer working or in use; no longer existing
The organization had been defunct for nearly
a de ade when she de ided to revive it.
Synonyms: obsolete; extinct

to describe or portray in detail

The CEO took the time to delineate her plans
for the ompany, so that everyone would
understand the dire tion they would be taking
in the next year.
Synonyms: characterize, depict, draw,
represent

to express disagreement, object

Everyone else was enthusiasti about the
proje t, but she demurred, saying it would
Gre

never su eed.
Gre

Synonyms: oppose, refuse

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 d
deN GrAte
(de-ni-GREYT)

deNoUemeNt
(DEY-noo-mawn)

Gre V oCABULArY

der s oN
(di-RI-zhuhn)

[ 93 ]

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 d
to attack the reputation or achievements of
another
He did nothing but denigrate his lassmates’
artwork, but ould hardly tolerate the most
neutral omment about his own.
Synonyms: belittle, criticize, disparage

the outcome of a story or series of events

The denouement was unsatisfying: the hero
woke up, and it turned out that the entire story
had been his dream.
Synonyms: conclusion, culmination, resolution

ridicule, contempt
The poorly plotted film was the obje t of mu h
derision from riti s, but audien es loved it.
Gre

Synonyms: disdain, mockery, scorn

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 d

der VAt Ve
(di-RI-vuh-tiv)

des CCAte
(DEH-si-keyt)

desUetUde
Gre V oCABULArY

(DEH-swi-tood)

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 d
derived from something else, lacking in
originality
His first album was derivative R & B, but his
se ond album was ompletely original and
propelled him to fame.
Synonyms: banal, copied, imitative

to dry up
The desiccated lands ape had not seen rain in
months.
Synonyms: dehydrate, deplete, wither

the state of no longer being in use

After the original members of the sorority
graduated, many of their rituals were forgotten
and soon fell into desuetude.
Gre

Synonyms: disuse, inactivity

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 d

desULtorY
(DE-suhl-tohr-ee)

deterreNt
(di-TUHR-uhnt)

detrACt oN
(di-TRAK-shuhn)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 d
lacking a plan or sense of purpose, disconnected
His desultory ways were maddening to her;
she preferred to get right to the point.
Synonyms: aimless, chance, erratic, rambling

that which prevents

The new methods of poli ing the neighbor-
hood turned out to be an effe tive deterrent
to rime.
Synonyms: curb, hindrance, obstacle, restraint

a lessening of reputation, especially due to

criticism; the act of taking away
As a result of the riti s’ many detractions of
the novel, it sold only a few dozen opies.
Synonyms: misrepresentation, slander
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 d

d AphANoUs
(dahy-A-fuh-nuhs)

d Atr Be
(DAHY-uh-trahyb)

d ChotomY
(dahy-KO-tuh-mee)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 99 ]

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 d
extremely fine or delicate to the point of
transparency; insubstantial
The starlet’s diaphanous gown was both
gorgeous and s andalous.
Synonyms: gossamer, flimsy, sheer

a critical or abusive speech or piece of writing

After taking in her boss’s long diatribe about
her work, she simply quit.
Synonyms: harangue, invective, tirade

a division into two opposite or mutually

exclusive groups
The dichotomy between her words and a tions
was startling; to hear her talk, you’d think she
ould do nothing right, whereas I had never
Gre

seen her do anything wrong.

Gre

Synonyms: bifurcation, difference, separation

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 d

d dACt C
(dahy-DAK-tik)

d ff deNCe
(DI-fi-duhns)

d ffUse
(di-FYOOS)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 d
tending or intended to inform or teach
Be ause our values are so different today, the
didactic novels of the past are now more
humorous than instru tive.
Synonyms: academic, instructive, pendantic

shyness, lack of confidence

He over ame his diffidence and gave a stirring
spee h at the rally.
Synonyms: hesitancy, insecurity, reluctance,
reservation

wordy and disorganized; not concentrated,

spread around
The le turer was so diffuse that although she
shared a wealth of information, we hardly
Gre

learned anything.
Gre

Synonyms: rambling; diluted, scattered,

V oCABULA

widespread
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 d

d Gress oN
(dahy-GRE-shuhn)

d LettANte
(DI-luh-tahnt)

d rGe
(duhrj)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 d
a turning away from the main course or subject
This paragraph is a digression from the main
topi of the essay, but it is more interesting to
me than anything else.
Synonyms: departure, diversion, wandering

a lover of or dabbler in the arts

He alled himself a dilettante, but he was
a tually an a omplished pianist.
Synonyms: amateur, connoisseur, rookie

a slow, mournful piece of music, especially one

intended for a funeral or similar occasion
The or hestra played the pie e so slowly that it
sounded like a dirge.
Gre

Synonyms: lament, requiem

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 d

d sABUse
(DIS-uh-byooz)

d sCerN NG
(di-SUHR-ning)

d sCordANt
(dis-KOR-duhnt)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 105 ]

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 d
to clear up an error or confusion
The nutritionist worked hard to disabuse the
publi of the notion that vegetarians annot
get enough protein.
Synonyms: correct, debunk, enlighten

having good judgment or understanding

Only the most discerning ustomers an tell
the differen e between this fabri and real silk.
Synonyms: discriminating, insightful, knowl-
edgeable, perceptive

not in harmony, quarrelsome

She was a brilliant leader who ould listen to
the discordant voi es of the Senate and some-
how find a way to ompromise.
Gre

Synonyms: cacophonous, contradictory,

Gre

inconsistent
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 d

d sCred t
(dis-KRE-duht)

d sCreet
(dis-KREET)

d sCrepANCY
Gre V oCABULArY

(dis-KRE-puhn-see)

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 d
to refuse to believe or cause others to
disbelieve
He had to discredit the ridi ulous idea that
with a better diet, one ould get by with only
five hours of sleep ea h night.
Synonyms: doubt, question, reject

maintaining or respecting privacy, especially

about something of a delicate nature
They were so discreet about the affair that it
was never dis overed.
Synonyms: cautious, modest, prudent,
restrained

disagreement, inconsistency
The investigation of a small discrepancy in
Gre

an a ount revealed widespread fraud at that

bank.
Gre
V oCABULA

Synonyms: conflict, difference, dissimilarity,

variation
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 d

d sCrete
(dis-KREET)

d s NGeNUoUs
(dis-in-JEN-yoo-uhs)

Gre V oCABULArY

d s Nterested
(dis-IN-truhs-tuhd)

[ 109 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 109 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 d
separate, distinct
The ourse was given in three discrete sessions;
you ould attend just one or two and still follow
the material.
Synonyms: apart, detached, isolated

lacking in truth, often while giving the appear-

ance of truthfulness
Their advertising was disingenuous, featuring
photographs that made their dumpy hotel look
like a paradise.
Synonyms: deceitful, dishonest, insincere,
hypocritical

not personally engaged, without emotional

interest
Gre

He ould not parti ipate on the jury; the

vi tim was his ousin, and so he ould not
Gre

be disinterested in the out ome of the trial.

V oCABULA

Synonyms: dispassionate, indifferent, unbiased,

Vo CABULArY

unconcerned
rY

[ 110 ]

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 d

d sjo Nted
(dis-JOIN-tuhd)

d sm ss
(dis-MIS)

Gre V oCABULArY

d spArAGe
(di-SPER-ij)

[ 111 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 111 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 d
disorderly, out of sequence
She told the story in su h a disjointed way
that we asked her to repeat it so that we ould
understand.
Synonyms: confused, disconnected, incoherent,
rambling

to allow or cause to leave; to reject

She dismissed the proposal, saying that it
would be too expensive to arry out.
Synonyms: discharge, release, send away;
disregard

to speak of slightingly; to lessen the reputation of

Do not disparage your elders; they worked
hard to build this ommunity.
Gre

Synonyms: belittle, depreciate

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 d

d spArAte
(DIS-puhr-uht)

d ssemBLe
(di-SEM-buhl)

d ssem NAte
Gre V oCABULArY

(di-SE-muh-neyt)

[ 113 ]

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 d
essentially different
The four musi ians brought together their
disparate talents and ideas to make a wild
and beautiful olle tion of songs.
Synonyms: dissimilar, diverse, various

to put on a false appearance

The hildren tried to dissemble inno en e, but
the rumbs on their fa e gave them away.
Synonyms: conceal, feign, simulate

to scatter, spread around

Please disseminate the news; I want everyone
to know about my andida y.
Synonyms: advertise, broadcast, disperse,
Gre

publish
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 d

d ss deNt
(DI-suh-duhnt)

d ssoLUt oN
(DI-suh-loo-shuhn)

d ssoNANCe
(DI-suh-nuhns)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 115 ]

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 d
disagreeing with an established belief or
organization
Under the rule of the di tator, people kept
their dissident ideas to themselves.
Synonyms: heretical, nonconforming, unorthodox

the act or process of falling apart

The dissolution of their marriage was unex-
pe ted; they had seemed so happy.
Synonyms: disintegration, rupture, separation

the clashing of ideas or sounds

The musi in luded mu h dissonance, and I
left the on ert hall with a heada he.
Synonyms: conflict, disagreement, discord
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 116 ]

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 d

d steNd
(dis-TEND)

d st LL
(dis-TIL)

d Vest
(dahy-VEST)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 d
to expand, swell
Ironi ally, their distended bellies are a sign of
their great hunger.
Synonyms: bloat, bulge, enlarge

to extract the essence of

The professor ould distill omplex ideas into
a simple diagram or statement.
Synonyms: concentrate, purify, refine

to strip, deprive, or free from

He divested himself of most of his wealth and
went off to live in the woods.
Synonyms: dismantle, dispossess, seize
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 118 ]

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 d

d VULGe
(dahy-VUHLJ)

doCtr NA re
(dok-truh-NAIR)

doGmAt C
(dawg-MA-tik)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 119 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 119 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 d
to make a secret known
She refused to divulge what her sister had told
her that evening.
Synonyms: admit, disclose, tell

fanatic about a doctrine or theory

A doctrinaire libertarian, she refused to pay
any taxes.
Synonyms: dogmatic, fanatical, impractical,
inflexible

taken to expressing opinions as though they

were facts
She was turned off by his dogmatic assertions
that reading his book would ompletely trans-
Gre

form her life.

Synonyms: fanatical, opinionated
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 120 ]

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 d

dormANt
(DAWR-muhnt)

dross
(dros)

dUpe
(doop)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 121 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 121 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 d
inactive, asleep
It is hard to believe that the tulip bulbs lie
dormant in the earth under the winter snow.
Synonyms: inert, latent, potential

waste, something that is inferior

The art show was so full of dross that his
beautiful pie e stood out.
Synonyms: refuse, scum, trash

one who is easily deceived or fooled

He was a dupe to believe all of her lies.
Synonyms: chump, fool
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 122 ]

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 e
eBULL eNt
(i-BOOL-yuhnt)

eCCeNtr C
(ek-SEN-trik)

eCLeCt C
(e-KLEK-tik)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 123 ]

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 e
lively, enthusiastic
We soon were all arried away by her ebullient
mood.
Synonyms: buoyant, high-spirited, vivacious

unconventional, irregular
Her staid outfits ontrasted with her eccentric
ideas.
Synonyms: odd, unusual, whimsical

choosing from a variety of sources; composed

of a variety of styles, methods, or ideas
His taste in musi was eclectic, in luding
everything from opera to free jazz.
Synonyms: assorted, diverse, varied
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 124 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 124 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e

efferVesCeNCe
(e-fuhr-VE-sens)

effete
(e-FEET)

eff CACY
(EH-fi-kuh-see)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 125 ]

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 e
liveliness
Her effervescence was not appropriate for the
solemn o asion.
Synonyms: enthusiasm, excitement

without strength or character

The young men longed for war so that they
ould prove they had not grown effete.
Synonyms: decadent, degenerate, sterile

the ability to produce the desired effect

Her efficacy was astonishing; within three days
she got the proje t ba k on tra k.
Synonyms: capability, competence, effectiveness
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 126 ]

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 e

effroNterY
(i-FRUHN-tuh-ree)

eLeGY
(E-luh-jee)

eL C t
(i-LI-suht)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 e
shameless boldness
He had the effrontery to demand a full refund,
simply be ause he had not liked one of the
performers.
Synonyms: arrogance, disrespect, insolence

a poem or song expressing sorrow at the loss

of one who has died
After the poet read the elegy for her mother,
not an eye was dry of tears.
Synonyms: lament, requiem

to draw or bring out

Her pointed questions elicited thoughtful
replies.
Gre

Synonyms: evoke, obtain

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 e

eL x r
(i-LIK-suhr)

eLoqUeNt
(EH-luh-kwuhnt)

emAC Ated
(i-MEY-shee-ey-tuhd)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 129 ]

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 e
a sweetened mixture of alcohol and water having
medicinal qualities
He made a fortune selling an eli ir that he
laimed ould preserve youth.
Synonyms: medicine, solution

beautifully and fluently expressive

She wrote an eloquent letter to thank her aunt
for the gift.
Synonyms: articulate, expressive

made thin and week

The at was emaciated when we found her,
but now she is healthy though a bit plump.
Synonyms: haggard, skinny, starved, wasted
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 130 ]

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 e

emBeLL sh
(im-BE-lish)

emoLL eNt
(i-MOL-yuhnt)

emp r CAL
(im-PIR-i-kuhl)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 131 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 131 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e
to add ornamentation
He embellished the story with little exaggera-
tions to make it more interesting.
Synonyms: adorn, decorate, enhance

having the power to soothe or make soft and

supple
The midwife’s emollient words en ouraged
the woman in labor.
Synonyms: healing, soothing; lotion, salve

based on observation or experience without

resorting to theory
Your arguments are too theoreti al; only
empirical eviden e will persuade me.
Gre

Synonyms: experimental, observed, practical

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 132 ]

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 e

emULAte
(EM-yuh-leyt)

eNCom Um
(en-KOH-mee-uhm)

eNdem C
(en-DEM-ik)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 133 ]

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 e
to try to equal or excel; to imitate
He had no desire to emulate his novelist father
and instead be ame an a ountant.
Synonyms: compete, follow, rival

praise, an expression of praise

The encomium from all the riti s in the world
did not matter so mu h to her as the praise her
tea her heaped on her little book.
Synonyms: accolade, tribute

characteristic of or prevalent in a group of

people or region
The Joshua tree is endemic to the Mojave
Desert; it grows nowhere else.
Gre

Synonyms: aboriginal, local, regional

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 134 ]

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 e

eNerVAte
(E-nuhr-veyt)

eNGeNder
(en-JEN-duhr)

eNhANCe
(en-HANS)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 135 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 135 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e
to reduce the strength of
The heat and humidity enervated her so mu h
that she did not even try to a omplish anything
on that day.
Synonyms: debilitate, enfeeble, weaken

to bring into existence

His un lear dire tions engendered onfusion.
Synonyms: beget, generate, originate, produce

to improve in quality, desirability, or value

Her new hairstyle did mu h to enhance her
appearan e.
Synonyms: augment, embellish, improve,
intensify
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 136 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 136 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e

eN GmAt C
(e-nig-MA-tik)

eNNU
(ahn-WEE)

eNUNC Ate
(ee-NUHN-see-eyt)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 137 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 137 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e
puzzling, mysterious
He lay in bed that night trying to sort out the
meaning of her enigmatic good-bye.
Synonyms: ambiguous, perplexing

a feeling of weariness
Despite the wealth of opportunities available
to me, I ould not shake the feeling of ennui at
the very thought of starting another job.
Synonyms: boredom, dullness, languor

to pronounce clearly; to announce

I will enunciate my intentions only after my
plans are settled.
Synonyms: articulate; declare, proclaim
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 138 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 138 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e

ephemerAL
(i-FEM-uh-ruhl)

eqUAN m tY
(e-kwuh-NI-muh-tee)

eqU VoCAte
(i-KWI-vuh-keyt)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 139 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 139 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e
lasting a short time
Pleasure may be ephemeral, but so is pain.
Synonyms: brief, fleeting, momentary, passing

mental stability under stress

The se ret to her equanimity was that no mat-
ter how mu h she had to do, she always got
enough sleep.
Synonyms: calmness, composure, equilibrium,
serenity

to speak without committing oneself

When I ask this next question, don’t equivocate;
just say dire tly what is on your mind.
Synonyms: dodge, evade, prevaricate
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 140 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 140 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e
errANt
(EH-ruhnt)

erUd te
(ER-yuh-dahyt)

esChew
(e-SHOO)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 141 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 141 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e
given to wandering; tending to err
The errant hild soon lost her way.
Synonyms: meandering, rambling, straying;
fallible

learned
The professor was erudite, not only in her
own field of s holarship but also in twentieth-
entury poetry.
Synonyms: educated, knowledgeable, studious

to avoid, especially for ethical or practical

reasons
A strict vegetarian, she eschews eggs and
dairy products in addition to meat and fish.
Synonyms: abstain, renounce, shun
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 142 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 142 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e

essAY
(e-SEY)

esoter C
(e-suh-TEH-rik)

est mABLe
(ES-tuh-muh-buhl)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 143 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 143 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e
to attempt, to try
I have essayed neither ro k limbing nor sky
diving, and probably never will try either a tivity.
Synonyms: test, undertake

known only by the initiated

The symbolism of the Tarot is hardly as esoteric
as you might think.
Synonyms: arcane, hidden, occult

capable of being estimated; worthy of respect

We pra ti ed hard that week to prepare to
fa e an estimable opponent.
Synonyms: admirable, reputable, respectable
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 144 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 144 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e

eULoGY
(YOO-luh-jee)

eUphem sm
(YOO-fuh-mi-zuhm)

eVANesCeNt
(e-vuh-NEH-suhnt)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 145 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 145 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e
a speech or piece of writing given in honor of
someone who has died
Ea h of his five sons gave a brief and moving
eulogy at his funeral.
Synonyms: tribute

the use of a neutral or vague word or phrase to

replace a word or phrase that might offend or
seem harsh or unpleasant
“To pass away” is a ommon euphemism for
“to die.”
Synonyms: circumlocution, delicacy, pretense

like vapor, tending to fade or vanish

Young people do not know just how evanescent
youth is.
Gre

Synonyms: fleeting, passing, temporary, transient

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 146 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 146 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e

eV NCe
(i-VINS)

eVoCAt Ve
(i-VO-kuh-tiv)

exACerBAte
Gre V oCABULArY

(ig-ZA-suhr-beyt)

[ 147 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 147 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e
to give evidence of, reveal
That he was able to read when he was only
three years old evinced his intelligen e and
eagerness to learn.
Synonyms: demonstrate, display, indicate,
manifest, show

tending to call forth or suggest emotion or

ideas
Though the paintings were abstra t, they were
evocative of desert lands apes.
Synonyms: expressive, suggestive

to make worse
The ouple was deep in debt, and so the loss
of her job only e acerbated their problems.
Gre

Synonyms: aggravate, infuriate, intensify

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 148 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 148 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e

exACt
(ig-ZAKT)

exeCrABLe
(EK-si-kruh-buhl)

exCULpAte
Gre V oCABULArY

(EK-skuhl-peyt)

[ 149 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 149 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e
to call for and obtain, demand
The oa h was so su essful be ause she
e acted the best effort from her teams.
Synonyms: compel, require

detestable, very bad

He was senten ed to a life in prison for his
e ecrable rimes.
Synonyms: abominable, disgusting, horrible,
loathsome

to clear from guilt or blame

Not only was she e culpated of the harge
that she had heated on the test, but her
tea her apologized profusely.
Gre

Synonyms: absolve, exonerate, vindicate

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 150 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 150 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e

exhort
(ig-ZORT)

ex steNt AL
(eg-zi-STEN-shuhl)

ex GeNCY
(EK-suh-juhn-see)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 151 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 151 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e
to advise or urge strongly
Though he e horted his students to attend his
evening study sessions, they were poorly
attended.
Synonyms: admonish, beseech, encourage,
recommend

having to do with being and existence

The philosopher’s on erns were e istential;
she questioned how and why human life ame
to be.

that which is necessary in a given situation; an

urgent situation
He was ill prepared for the e igencies of life
abroad.
Gre

Synonyms: necessity, requirement; crisis,

emergency
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 152 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 152 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e

exoNerAte
(ig-ZO-nuh-reyt)

exp Ate
(EK-spee-eyt)

expL CAte
(EKS-pli-keyt)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 153 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 153 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e
to clear from blame; to relieve of a responsibility
We were relieved to be e onerated of our
leaning duties that weekend.
Synonyms: absolve, exonerate, vindicate;
discharge, liberate

to make amends
To e piate for their vandalism, they painted a
beautiful mural over the graffiti.
Synonyms: atone, compensate, rectify

to explain in detail
In her term paper, she e plicated the meaning
of The Rime of the An ient Mariner by Samuel
Taylor Coleridge.
Gre

Synonyms: analyze, clarify, interpret

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 154 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 154 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e

expos torY
(ik-SPO-zuh-taw-ree)

extemporANeoUs
(ek-stem-puh-REY-nee-uhs)

ext rpAte
(EK-stuhr-peyt)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 155 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 155 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e
conveying information or explanations
She enjoyed e pository writing so mu h that
she de ided to pursue a areer as a journalist.
Synonyms: explanatory, informative

made, done, or said at the spur of the moment

His e temporaneous spee h was both funnier
and more moving than his olleague’s arefully
planned one.
Synonyms: impromptu, improvised, unre-
hearsed

to destroy at the roots

The new poli e hief was determined to
e tirpate rime from the ity.
Gre

Synonyms: annihilate, demolish, eradicate,

exterminate, extinguish
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 156 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 156 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e

extrANeoUs
(ek-STREY-nee-uhs)

extrApoLAte
(ik-STRA-puh-leyt)

extr Ns C
Gre V oCABULArY

(ek-STRIN-zik)

[ 157 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 157 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 e
coming from without, extra
Address the main topi only; leave out any
e traneous details, however entertaining they
might be.
Synonyms: additional, external, foreign, super-
fluous, unessential

to infer, predict, or project based on given

information
Be areful not to e trapolate too wildly from
the survey results; sti k lose to the data.
Synonyms: conclude, envision

originating from without

The movie reminded the riti of his hild-
hood, but he re ognized that these memories
Gre

were e trinsic to the quality of the film itself.

Gre

Synonyms: external, extraneous, unessential

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 158 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 158 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 f
fACet oUs
(fuh-SEE-shuhs)

fAC L tAte
(fuh-SI-luh-teyt)

fALLACY
Gre V oCABULArY

(FA-luh-see)

[ 159 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 159 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 f
not serious, inappropriately jokey
The facetious tone of the guide regarding first
aid was at odds with the serious of its purpose.
Synonyms: amusing, frivolous, humorous

to make easier
To facilitate the discussion, please raise your
hand if you wish to speak.
Synonyms: aid, assist, expedite, promote

a deceptive or mistaken idea or belief

It is a fallacy to believe that humans evolved
from himpanzees; we do share a ommon
an estor, however.
Synonyms: delusion, error, misconception
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 160 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 160 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 f

fALLow
(FA-loh)

fAtUoUs
(FA-choo-uhs)

fAwN NG
(FAW-ning)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 161 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 161 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 f
left uncultivated, inactive
The farmer let that field lie fallow this year so
that it would not be depleted.
Synonyms: dormant, idle, resting

foolish
His fatuous omments during the interview
made him seem untrustworthy, and so he was
not hired.
Synonyms: idiotic, mindless, ridiculous, silly

showing affection or seeking favor through

flattery
Unable to trust the fawning attitudes of those
around her, the elebrity relied on her family
and oldest friends.
Gre

Synonyms: flattering, ingratiating, pandering

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 162 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 162 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 f

feL C toUs
(fi-LI-suh-tuhs)

ferVeNt
(FUHR-vuhnt)

f L BUster
(FI-luh-buh-stuhr)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 163 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 163 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 f
well expressed or well suited
Her felicitous remarks put the students at ease
before the test.
Synonyms: apt, appropriate

intense
His fervent admiration of her went unreturned;
she found him uninteresting.
Synonyms: ardent, heartfelt, passionate

the use of obstruction to prevent action, espe-

cially the passage of a law
Due to the filibuster by just one senator, there
was no vote on the bill.
Synonyms: delay, hindrance, interference,
Gre

opposition
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 164 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 164 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 f

fLAG
(flag)

fLedGL NG
(FLEJ-ling)

fLoUt
(flout)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 165 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 165 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 f
to lose interest or spirit
Seeing that their enthusiasm for the hike was
flagging, the guide de ided that it was time to
take a break.
Synonyms: dwindle, slump, wane

a beginner
I am learning Chinese, but I’m just a fledgling
speaker, having studied the language for only
six months.
Synonyms: novice, rookie

to neglect or treat with scorn

She showed her disrespe t for her tea hers by
flouting their rules.
Gre

Synonyms: distain, disregard, insult

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 166 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 166 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 f

fomeNt
(foh-MENT)

forestALL
(fohr-STAWL)

fortU toUs
(fawr-TOO-uh-tuhs)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 167 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 167 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 f
to promote the growth of
The newspaper editor was a used of fomenting
rebellion by publishing stories that were highly
riti al of the government.
Synonyms: agitate, cultivate, encourage, foster

to hinder or delay
The a tions that the poli e took to forestall a
riot might a tually have aused it to o ur.
Synonyms: prevent, thwart

lucky, happening by a lucky chance

The weather on the day of the marathon ould
not have been more fortuitous: partly loudy
and ool but not humid.
Gre

Synonyms: accidental, fortunate

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 168 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 168 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 f

frACt oUs
(FRAK-shuhs)

frUGAL tY
(froo-GA-luh-tee)

fULm NAte
(fuhl-muh-NEYT)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 169 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 169 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 f
tending to be quarrelsome or troublesome
The boys had a reputation for being fractious,
but I never saw them be anything other than
polite and well behaved.
Synonyms: unruly, rebellious, wayward, wild

the tendency to be sparing with money and

other resources, not wasteful
Her tenden y to indulge in expensive shoes
ontrasted with her frugality in all other matters.
Synonyms: conservation, economy, prudence

to denounce strongly
The prea her fulminated against gambling
and other forms of idleness and waste.
Gre

Synonyms: attack, condemn, criticize

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 170 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 170 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 f

fULsome
(FUHL-sum)

fUrt Ve
(FUHR-tiv)

fUt Le
(FYOO-tuhl or FYOO-tahyl)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 171 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 171 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 f
characterized by excess
The fulsome elebration disgusted her; she
would have preferred to enjoy her birthday
quietly with family.
Synonyms: excessive, extravagant,
grandiloquent

done secretly or in an underhanded way

They stole many furtive glan es into the
guarded room but saw nothing.
Synonyms: cunning, sly, stealthy

useless
Their efforts to build a dam were futile, and
their home was ompletely flooded.
Gre

Synonyms: hopeless, ineffective, pointless

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 172 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 172 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 G
GA NsAY
(GEYN-sey)

GArrULoUs
(GAR-uh-luhs)

GAUChe
(gohsh)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 173 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 173 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 G
to declare to be untrue
You annot gainsay the fa t that though he
has mu h more to learn, he has improved a
great deal.
Synonyms: contradict, deny, dispute, oppose

talkative, generally in a rambling or annoying

way
I was hoping to rest during the flight, but
unfortunately I was seated next to a garrulous
young man.
Synonyms: diffuse, verbose, wordy

lacking good manners or tact, especially due

to a lack of experience
I am embarrassed to think how gauche it was
Gre

for me to have brought up that sensitive topi

in the middle of the dinner party.
Gre
V oCABULA

Synonyms: awkward, crude, insensitive,

maladroit
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 174 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 174 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 G

GeN AL
(JEE-nyuhl)

GermANe
(juhr-MEYN)

GL B
Gre V oCABULArY

(glib)

[ 175 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 175 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 G
friendly, sympathetic
His genial manners were the result of great
effort, as he a tually tended to be rather
grou hy.
Synonyms: cheerful, cordial, easygoing,
gracious, kind

relevant, appropriate
Be ause your on erns are germane to the
topi of the meeting, I would like to ask you to
speak first.
Synonyms: applicable, connected, fitting,
related

informal, without thought or sincerity

His glib omment might have been insulting,
Gre

ex ept that everyone knew that he generally

did not mean what he said.
Gre
V oCABULA

Synonyms: flip, offhand, slick

Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 176 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 176 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 G

GoAd
(gohd)

GrANd LoqUeNCe
(gran-DI-luh-kwuhns)

Gre V oCABULArY

GreGAr oUs
(gri-GAR-ee-uhs)

[ 177 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 177 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 G
to urge
He might have quit years ago if his brother had
not goaded him on.
Synonyms: encourage, incite, stimulate

lofty or extravagant manner, especially in

speech
The hildren giggled at the grandiloquence
of the prin ipal’s spee h on the first day of
s hool; it would have been better for him to
speak more simply.
Synonyms: bombast, grandiosity, pomposity

tending to be social
A gregarious young woman, she held dinner
parties at her home every Friday.
Gre

Synonyms: convivial, friendly, outgoing

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 178 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 178 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 G

GU LeLess
(GAHYL-uhs)

GU se
(gahyz)

GULL BLe
Gre V oCABULArY

(GUH-luh-buhl)

[ 179 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 179 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 G
innocent, without deceit
His phone all to his ex-girlfriend was truly
guileless; he simply wanted to know whether
or not she was well.
Synonyms: honest, frank, sincere, straightforward

appearance; style of dress

The spy gained entry to the offi e in the guise
of a job appli ant.
Synonyms: facade, posture, pretense

easily duped
I hope that you are not so gullible as to believe
a single word of his tall tales.
Synonyms: naive, trusting
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 180 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 180 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 h
hACkNeYed
(HAK-need)

hALCYoN
(HAL-see-uhn)

hALLowed
(HA-lohd)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 181 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 181 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 h
lacking originality
The riti s panned the film be ause of its
hackneyed boy-meets-girl plot.
Synonyms: banal, cliche, stale, trite

calm, peaceful
I love the halcyon days of mid-August, while
we are still on va ation and before the mad
rush of preparations for s hool begins.
Synonyms: soothing, tranquil

holy, sacred
The emetery grounds are hallowed by those
who are buried there.
Synonyms: blessed, venerated
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 182 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 182 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 h

hArANGUe
(huh-RANG)

hArrow NG
(HAR-oh-ing)

hedoN sm
(HEE-duh-ni-zuhm)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 183 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 183 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 h
a rant
We were taken aba k by his bitter harangue
against youth.
Synonyms: diatribe, jeremiad, tirade

extremely distressing or difficult

Wat hing the horror movie was harrowing to
her; she had no idea how her boyfriend ould
have enjoyed it.
Synonyms: distressing, excruciating, grievous,
terrifying

devotion to pleasure, the doctrine that pleasure

is the greatest good
The hedonism of fraternity life enti ed him.
Gre

Synonyms: debauchery, indulgence

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 184 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 184 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 h

heGemoNY
(hi-JE-muh-nee)

heret CAL
(huh-RE-ti-kuhl)

heterodox
(HE-tuh-ruh-doks)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 185 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 185 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 h
pervasive influence or authority
The ultural hegemony of the United States
rea hes every orner of the world.
Synonyms: command, domination, power

departing from accepted beliefs, characterized

by heresy
In the Middle Ages, it was dangerous to pro-
fess heretical beliefs.
Synonyms: dissident, unorthodox

contrary to an accepted standard, tradition, or

belief, especially in religion
She holds the heterodo view that the
apa ity for empathy evolved in humans
before language did.
Gre

Synonyms: dissident, unconventional, unorthodox

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 186 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 186 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 h

homoGeNeoUs
(hoh-muh-JEE-nee-uhs or
hoh-muh-JEE-nyuhs)

hUBr s
(HYOO-bris)

hYperBoLe
(hahy-PUHR-buh-lee)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 187 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 187 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 h
It took some time for him to get used to the
homogeneous population of his new home;
he was a ustomed to the diversity of the ity.
Synonyms: alike, consistent, uniform

arrogance, pride
It takes a ertain amount of hubris to run for
the offi e of the president of the United States.
Synonyms: audacity, presumption, vanity

composed of parts that are all alike;

extravagant and intentional exaggeration
His laim that it took him years to read the
book was hyperbole; it a tually took him only
two weeks to finish.
Synonyms: embellishment, hype, overstatement
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 188 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 188 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 CoNoCLAst
(ahy-KO-nuh-klast)

doLAtrY
(ahy-DO-luh-tree)

mBroGL o
(im-BROHL-yoh)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 189 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 189 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 one who attacks accepted beliefs or
institutions
Charles Darwin delayed publi ation of the
work introdu ing his theory of evolution for
years, perhaps anti ipating that he would be
seen as an iconoclast.
Synonyms: dissident, heretic, radical, rebel

excessive or blind devotion

Her devotion to the pop star bordered on
idolatry; her bedroom was overed with
images of him ut from magazines.
Synonyms: adoration, adulation, fervor

a complicated situation or painful misunderstand-

ing, scandal
Gre

The ele tion devolved into an imbroglio, in

whi h ea h side a used the other of fraud.
Gre
V oCABULA

Synonyms: brouhaha, dispute, quandary

Vo CABULArY
rY

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 mm NeNt
(I-muh-nuhnt)

mmUtABLe
(i-MYOO-tuh-buhl)

Gre V oCABULArY

mpA r
(im-PAIR)

[ 191 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 191 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 ready or about to occur
Her departure is imminent—ask her now!
Synonyms: approaching, forthcoming, impending

not subject to change

They pro laimed their immutable devotion to
ea h other in their wedding vows.
Synonyms: constant, enduring, permanent,
perpetual, unchangeable

to damage
Better to wear the ugly safety goggles than to
suffer an injury that ould impair your vision.
Synonyms: diminish, harm, hurt, injure
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 192 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 192 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 mpAss Ve
(im-PA-siv)

mpeCUN oUs
(im-pi-KYU-nee-uhs)

mpede
(im-PEED)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 193 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 193 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 not subject to pain, without feeling or emotion
Though he seemed impassive at the ollapse
of his ompany, his wife ould see that he was
in despair.
Synonyms: apathetic, dispassionate, stoic,
unmoved

having little or no money

The impecunious poet believed he was far
happier than the wealthiest businessperson.
Synonyms: destitute, impoverished, penniless,
poor

to hinder, get in the way of

An unexpe ted visit from friends from out of
town impeded on her plan to paint the living
Gre

room.
Gre

Synonyms: hamper, interfere, obstruct

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 194 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 194 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 mpermeABLe
(im-PUHR-mee-uh-buhl)

mpertUrBABLe
(im-puhr-TUHR-buh-buhl)

mperV oUs
Gre V oCABULArY

(im-PUHR-vee-uhs)

[ 195 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 195 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 incapable of being penetrated or passed
through
The ja ket is oated with a substan e that
renders it impermeable by water.
Synonyms: impassable, impervious

incapable of being disturbed

By maintaining an imperturbable air through-
out the risis, she emerged as a steady and
trustworthy leader.
Synonyms: calm, composed, immovable,
unexcited

not allowing entrance, incapable of being

harmed or disturbed
He was impervious to riti ism, whi h enabled
Gre

him to experiment freely in his artwork.

Gre

Synonyms: immune, resistant, unaffected

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 196 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 196 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 mpetUoUs
(im-PE-chuh-wuhs)

mpLACABLe
(im-PLA-kuh-buhl)

mpLAUs BLe
Gre V oCABULArY

(im-PLAW-zi-buhl)

[ 197 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 197 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 passionately impulsive
Her impetuous de ision to go to Brazil took
a moment to make, and transformed her life
forever.
Synonyms: impassionate, spontaneous,
unexpected

impossible to appease
Although the team had been eliminated from
ontention in the playoffs, it proved to be an
implacable opponent.
Synonyms: inflexible, merciless, relentless,
uncompromising, unyielding

unbelievable
He might have gotten away with the prank if
Gre

his over story had not been so implausible.

Gre

Synonyms: improbable, inconceivable,

V oCABULA

incredible, unreasonable
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 198 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 198 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 mpL C t
(im-PLI-suht)

mpLode
(im-PLOHD)

Gre V oCABULArY

mpUN tY
(im-PYOO-nuh-tee)

[ 199 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 199 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 implied, existing as a potential within
Implicit in the many warnings that pre eded
their trip was the fa t that their destination was
a dangerous pla e.
Synonyms: understood, latent

to violently collapse inward

The building suddenly imploded under the
weight of the snow.
Synonyms: cave in, fold

freedom from punishment or harm

Be ause his father was the headmaster, he
thought he ould break the rules with impunity.
Synonyms: freedom, license, privilege
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 200 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 200 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 NAdVerteNt
(in-uhd-VUHR-tuhnt)

NChoAte
(in-KOH-uht)

NC p eNt
(in-SI-pee-uhnt)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 201 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 201 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 unintentional, characterized by lack of thought
or attention
The error was both inadvertent and atastrophi .
Synonyms: careless, negligent, thoughtless

not yet developed, incompletely formed

The first draft of her novel was an inchoate
mess; with two years of revision she trans-
formed it into a masterpie e.
Synonyms: amorphous, formless, incoherent,
rudimentary

coming into being

At this time, our travel plans are only incipient;
he k with us again next week and we will be
able to tell you exa tly where we are going
Gre

and when.
Gre

Synonyms: developing, inchoate, nascent

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 202 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 202 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 NCoNGrUoUs
(in-KON-gruh-wuhs)

NCoNseqUeNt AL
(in-kon-suh-KWEN-shuhl)

NCorporAte
(in-KOR-puh-reyt)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 203 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 203 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 out of place, lacking harmony, inconsistent
Her genius was su h that she ould ompose
a work for su h incongruous instruments as a
banjo and saxophone and have it sound not
just beautiful, but inspired.
Synonyms: conflicting, discordant, incompatible

unimportant
The paper was so brilliant that the few lapses in
spelling and pun tuation were inconsequential.
Synonyms: insignificant, irrelevant, negligible,
trivial

to include, to unite in one body; to embody

I will incorporate your ideas into the next draft
of the plan.
Gre

Synonyms: assimilate, combine, integrate

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 204 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 204 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 Ndeterm NAte
(in-di-TUHR-muh-nuht)

Nd ffereNt
(in-DI-fruhnt)

Nd GeNCe
Gre V oCABULArY

(IN-di-juhnts)

[ 205 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 205 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 not fixed or defined, vague
The CEO was of an indeterminate age: she
had gray hair and a lined fa e but spoke and
moved with the energy of a teenager.
Synonyms: indefinite, uncertain, undeter-
mined, unsettled

unbiased; not interested or concerned

Indifferent to the results of the ele tion, many
voters stayed home.
Synonyms: detached, disinterested, uncon-
cerned; apathetic

complete poverty
After losing what little they had in the earth-
quake, the villagers were left in a state of
Gre

indigence.
Gre

Synonyms: destitution, need, privation, want

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 206 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 206 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 NdoLeNt
(IN-duh-luhnt)

Nert
(i-NUHRT)

NfeL C toUs
Gre V oCABULArY

(in-fi-LI-suh-tuhs)

[ 207 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 207 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 lazy
He was a used of being indolent when in
truth he la ked energy be ause of illness.
Synonyms: idle, inactive, slothful, sluggish

having no power to act or move

Inert and silent as ro ks, the hildren sat and
wat hed TV.
Synonyms: dormant, inactive, motionless

not appropriate, awkward

Your joke about divor e was espe ially
infelicitous, onsidering that our hostess
and her husband have just separated.
Synonyms: inapt, inappropriate, unfortunate,
Gre

unsuitable
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 208 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 208 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 NGeNUoUs
(in-JEN-yuh-wuhs)

NhereNt
(in-HEHR-uhnt)

N m CAL
(i-NI-mi-kuhl)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 209 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 209 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 characterized by childlike innocence or sincerity
When she brought a bouquet of wildflowers to
thank him, the ingenuous gesture won her his
devotion.
Synonyms: artless, candid, naive

essential to the character or nature of

Human babies have inherent needs to su kle
and be held.
Synonyms: characteristic, fundamental, intrinsic,
innate

hostile, like an enemy

Poor hygiene is inimical to good health.
Synonyms: adverse, opposed, unfriendly,
Gre

unwelcoming
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 210 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 210 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 NNoCUoUs
(i-NO–kyuh-wuhs)

NseNs BLe
(in-SEN-suh-buhl)

Ns NUAte
(in-SIN-yuh-weyt)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 211 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 211 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 harmless, unlikely to offend
The dog looked fier e, but she was as
innocuous as a gerbil.
Synonyms: innocent, inoffensive, unobjectionable

not able to feel or perceive; unaware

Insensible to the boredom of his students,
the professor droned on and on.
Synonyms: indifferent, oblivious, unconscious,
unfeeling

to introduce in a subtle or gradual way; to

imply
Do you mean to insinuate that it was I who
took the ookies from the kit hen?
Gre

Synonyms: allude, intimate, mention

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 212 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 212 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 Ns p d
(in-SI-puhd)

NsULAr tY
(in-syuh-LA-ruh-tee)

NtANG BLe
(in-TAN-juh-buhl)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 213 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 213 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 lacking taste, dull
He may have been a harming performer, but
the musi he played was insipid and full of
li hés.
Synonyms: banal, inane, vapid

isolation; narrow-mindedness
The insularity of her views was understand-
able—if you onsidered just how little of the
world she had seen.
Synonyms: bigotry, parochialism, provinciality

not tangible, incapable of being touched

The things she loved best were intangible:
sunny mornings and moonlit nights.
Gre

Synonyms: immaterial, impalpable, incorporeal

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 214 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 214 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 NterpoLAte
(in-TUHR-puh-leyt)

Nt mAte
(IN-tuh-meyt)

NtrACtABLe
(in-TRAK-tuh-buhl)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 215 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 215 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 to add words into a conversation or text
While listening to them dis uss the movie, he
ouldn’t help but interpolate with his enthusiasm
for the a ting.
Synonyms: inject, insert, interject

to communicate indirectly
Did you mean to intimate that I do not
deserve the job?
Synonyms: hint, imply, suggest

not easily managed, manipulated, or cured

The hild’s diffi ulties in s hool had grown to
seem intractable, but all it took to help her
was a new tea her who en ouraged her to
read about topi s that interested her.
Gre

Synonyms: obstinate, stubborn

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 216 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 216 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 NtrANs GeNt
(in-TRAN-si-juhnt)

NtrospeCt oN
(in-truh-SPEK-shuhn)

Ntrep d
(in-TRE-puhd)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 217 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 217 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 refusing to compromise
The ongressman made a big show of being
intransigent on the issue of budget uts, but
qui kly hanged his position after seeing the
results of the poll.
Synonyms: inflexible, obstinate, resolute,
stubborn, tenacious

looking inward at one’s own thoughts and

feelings
Arlo generally spent the last hour of ea h day
in quiet introspection, sometimes listening to
musi and sometimes writing in his journal.
Synonyms: contemplation, reflection

courageous
Gre

The men who attempted to be the first to the

South Pole were all intrepid explorers, but not
Gre

all of them were fortunate, and some died in

V oCABULA

the attempt.
Vo CABULArY

Synonyms: bold, brave, fearless

rY

[ 218 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 218 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 NUNdAte
(I-nuhn-deyt)

NUred
(i-NYOORD)

Gre V oCABULArY

NVeCt Ve
(in-VEK-tiv)

[ 219 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 219 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 to flood or overwhelm
After her ontroversial spee h, the mayor’s of-
fi e was inundated with letters, both pro and
on.
Synonyms: bury, drown, engulf, immerse,
overflow, submerge

accustomed to difficulty or pain

By the middle of January, we were inured to
the darkness and old of the northern winter.
Synonyms: hardened, toughened

abusive language
The invective she heaped on her olleague
was ompletely out of proportion with the
small error she had made.
Gre

Synonyms: berating, diatribe, tirade

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 220 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 220 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 NVe Gh
(in-VEY)

NVe GLe
(in-VEY-guhl)

NVeterAte
(in-VEH-tuh-ruht)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 221 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 221 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 to protest or complain
Several tea hers wrote letters to the editor to
inveigh against the proposed s hool budget
uts.
Synonyms: admonish, denounce

to win over or obtain

The twins tried every tri k in the book to
inveigle permission from their parents to go to
bed later.
Synonyms: beguile, entice, manipulate, wheedle

firmly established as a habit, practice, or feeling

An inveterate gambler, he gradually lost every-
thing he owned over the ourse of a de ade.
Gre

Synonyms: chronic, confirmed, entrenched,

habitual
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 222 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 222 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 rAsC BLe
(i-RA-suh-buhl)

rresoLUte
(i-RE-zuh-loot)

t NerANt
(ahy-TI-nuh-ruhnt)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 223 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 223 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 having a hot temper, easily angered
To our surprise, our irascible neighbor light-
ened up after he adopted a stray dog.
Synonyms: cranky, fractious, grouchy, irritable,
touchy

not sure how to act

Herman was irresolute in all things, from
de iding what to eat for breakfast to hoosing
whi h ollege to attend.
Synonyms: doubtful, hesitant, indecisive,
tentative, uncertain, vacillating

going from place to place

The itinerant prea her usually passed through
our town in August.
Gre

Synonyms: nomadic, unsettled, vagrant,

Gre

wandering
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 224 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 224 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 j
jAUNd Ced
(JAWN-duhsd)

joCose
(juh-KOHS)

jUGGerNAUt
Gre V oCABULArY

(juh-guhr-NAWT)

[ 225 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 225 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 j
showing or feeling resentment or hostility
She walked around the gallery with a jaun-
diced air, bitter that her paintings were not
among the work sele ted to be shown.
Synonyms: bitter, envious

tending to joke, characterized by joking

Your jocose spirits have ertainly brightened
my day!
Synonyms: humorous, jesting, merry, playful,
witty

a large and powerful movement or object that

destroys anything in its path
The radio personality be ame a politi al
juggernaut that those in offi e had to
Gre

re kon with.
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 226 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 226 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 j

jUNtA
(HOON-tuh)

jUxtApose
(juhk-stuh-POHZ)

Gre V oCABULArY

[ 227 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 227 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 j
a group ruling a country after having seized
power, a council
He was the only member of the junta who had
not parti ipated dire tly in the oup.
Synonyms: assembly, faction

to place together, side by side

She liked to ju tapose ontrasting images in
her poems.
Synonym: connect
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 228 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 228 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 k
kUdos
(KOO-dohs)

Gre V oCABULArY

[ 229 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 229 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 k
fame earned or praise given for an accomplishment
Her olleagues gave her kudos for the well-
deserved promotion.
Synonyms: credit, esteem
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 230 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 230 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 L
LACoN C
(luh-KO-nik)

LAmBAste
(lam-BAST)

LAsC V oUs
(luh-SI-vee-uhs)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 231 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 231 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 L
using few words
His laconic replies of a senten e or two unfairly
earned him a reputation for being rude.
Synonyms: brusque, concise, succinct

to attack violently or verbally

In the days leading up to the game, she
lambasted her opponent with a series of
insults and threats.
Synonyms: berate, censure

given to lust; arousing desire

Though they show nudes, these paintings are
not intended to be lascivious.
Synonyms: lewd, lustful, wanton
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 232 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 232 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 L

LAss tUde
(LA-suh-tood)

LAUd
(lawd)

LethArG C
(luh-THAHR-jik)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 233 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 233 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 L
a lack of energy, weariness
Her lassitude during the winter ontrasted
greatly with her energy and high spirits during
the spring and summer.
Synonyms: fatigue, languor, lethargy,
listlessness

to praise
At the award eremony, the philanthropist was
lauded for her generosity.
Synonyms: acclaim, celebrate, extol

drowsy, sluggish
We ould not help but feel lethargic on that
hot, humid, August afternoon.
Gre

Synonyms: indolent, lazy, listless

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 234 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 234 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 L

LeVee
(LEH-vee)

LeV tY
(LEH-vi-tee)

L BerAL
(LI-buh-ruhl)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 235 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 235 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 L
an embankment designed to prevent flooding
The levee held ba k the river, even through
the re ord-breaking rainfall.
Synonyms: bank, dam

a lightness of character, attitude, or behavior

The professor’s jokes brought some levity to
his dis ussion of the otherwise dull topi .
Synonyms: buoyancy, frivolity

characterized by generosity; not strict; tending

to support political liberalism
As a philanthropist, he was liberal, often giving
large gifts to his favorite auses.
Synonyms: altruistic, benevolent; progressive
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 236 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 236 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 L

L Bert Ne
(LI-buhr-teen)

L B do
(luh-BEE-doh)

L tANY
(LI-tuh-nee)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 237 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 237 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 L
a free thinker, one who is unbound by conven-
tion or morality
Though she was a serious student, she was a
libertine when it ame to food and wine.
Synonym: debauchee

sexual drive
He laimed that he had an un ontrollable
libido, and ould not therefore be expe ted to
be faithful to just one girlfriend.
Synonyms: lust, passion

a lengthy account or recitation

To visit Mrs. Earnshaw was to subje t oneself
to a litany of omplaints about everything—
from her long-dead husband to the neighbor’s
Gre

dog.
Gre

Synonyms: catalogue, petition

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 238 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 238 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 L

LoG
(lawg)

LoqUAC oUs
(loh-KWEY-shuhs)

LUC d
(LOO-suhd)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 239 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 239 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 L
the record of a voyage or of other events or
activities
They studied the aptain’s log in the hopes
of dis overing when and how the ship went
astray.
Synonyms: account, journal, register

tending to or characterized by excessive talk

Emily’s loquacious roommate onstantly dis-
tra ted her from her studies.
Synonyms: talkative, verbose, wordy

full of light; clear to the understanding

We were onfident in our ability to omplete
the task after her lucid explanation of what
needed to be done.
Gre

Synonyms: bright, brilliant, radiant, shining;

Gre

evident, intelligible, obvious

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 240 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 240 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 L

LUm NoUs
(LOO-muh-nuhs)

LUstroUs
(LUHS-truhs)

Gre V oCABULArY

[ 241 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 241 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 L
illuminated in or shining with light
The full moon ast a luminous path of light
a ross the o ean to the horizon.
Synonyms: bright, brilliant, glowing, radiant,
shining

radiantly glowing
We polished the floors until they took on a
lustrous sheen.
Synonyms: luminous, polished, shining
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 242 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 242 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 m
mACh AVeLL AN
(ma-kee-uh-VEH-lee-uhn)

mACh NAt oN
(ma-kuh-NEY-shun)

mAGNAN m tY
(mag-nuh-NI-mi-tee)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 243 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 243 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 m
characterized by cunning and duplicity
Her plan to win the ele tion was truly Machia-
vellian: she made many promises that she had
no intention of keeping on e she was in offi e.
Synonyms: deceitful, devious, unscrupulous

an artful or scheming act or design, which is

aimed at an evil purpose
All his machinations were aimed at framing her
for the rime that he himself had ommitted.
Synonyms: conspiracy, intrigue, strategem

the possession of a courageous spirit and

noble mind
Her magnanimity was su h that she never
Gre

gossiped or even worried what others said

about her.
Gre

Synonyms: chivalry, generosity, philanthropy

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 m

mALeVoLeNt
(muh-LE-vuh-luhnt)

mAL GN
(muh-LAHYN)

mAL NGer
Gre V oCABULArY

(muh-LING-guhr)

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 m
characterized by ill will or hatred
His angry glare gave away his malevolent
intentions.
Synonyms: evil, hateful, vicious, vindictive

to speak ill of, often falsely

They maligned her a ademi re ord with false
reports of her heating.
Synonyms: defame, misrepresent, slander

to pretend illness in order to avoid an obliga-

tion or work
His malingering ost him the friendships of
many whom he had let down.
Synonyms: dodge, evade, shirk
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 m

mALLeABLe
(MA-lee-uh-buhl)

mArt AL
(MAHR-shuhl)

mAVer Ck
(MAV-rik)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 m
capable of being shaped or influenced
Her opinions were so malleable that she tend-
ed to agree with whomever she had spoken to
most re ently.
Synonyms: adaptable, pliable, supple, yielding

having to do with war or military life

His years in the Marines were apparent in his
martial bearing.
Synonyms: military, soldierly, warlike

an independent or dissenting individual

The senator’s reputation for being a maverick
was unearned; he tended to vote with his
party.
Gre

Synonyms: dissenter, nonconformist

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 m

meNAGer e
(muh-NA-juh-ree)

meNdAC oUs
(men-DEY-shuhs)

merCUr AL
(muhr-KYOOR-ee-uhl)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 249 ]

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 m
a collection of animals or the place where they
are exhibited; a varied group of people
Over the past entury, this zoo has grown from
the menagerie of its original benefa tor to a
great resear h institution.
Synonyms: collection, exhibition

dishonest
Though the widely spread rumor of his affair
was proven to be mendacious, it ruined his
politi al areer.
Synonyms: deceitful, false, insincere

characterized by quickly changing moods

The toddler’s mercurial temperament improved
when he began to nap more regularly.
Gre

Synonyms: changeable, erratic, fickle, flighty,

Gre

unpredictable, volatile
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 250 ]

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 m

mesmer ze
(MEZ-muh-rahyz)

metAmorphos s
(me-tuh-MAWR-fuh-suhs)

met CULoUs
Gre V oCABULArY

(muh-TI-kyuh-luhs)

[ 251 ]

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 m
to hypnotize
The musi mesmerized us with its repetitive,
pulsing sounds.
Synonym: spellbind

a change in physical form, substance, or char-

acter, often through supernatural means
The summertime seemed to work a metamor-
phosis on her, as all her anxiety about her
s hoolwork was lifted.
Synonyms: mutation, rebirth, transformation

taking care of details

Her meticulous approa h to language served
her well in her work as an editor.
Gre

Synonyms: exacting, finicky, fussy, painstaking,

scrupulous, thorough
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 m
mettLe
(ME-tuhl)

m L tAte
(MI-luh-teyt)

m NUsCULe
Gre V oCABULArY

(mi-nuh-SKYOOL)

[ 253 ]

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 m
strength of spirit or temperament
She showed her mettle by ompleting the
marathon.
Synonyms: courage, fortitude, stamina

to work against or fight

Though the issue was settled, they ontinued
to militate against the mayor’s hoi e for a
deputy.

tiny
The type was so miniscule that she needed a
magnifying glass to read it.
Synonyms: little, miniature, minute
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 254 ]

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 m

m sANthrope
(MI-suhn-throhp)

m sCeLLANY
(mi-suh-LEY-nee)

m soGYN st
(mi-SO-juh-nist)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 m
one who tends to dislike or distrust humanity
The hermit was a misanthrope who preferred
the ompany of trees to that of humans.
Synonyms: cynic, skeptic

a collection of different writings; a varied

group
The small volume was a miscellany of journal
entries, haiku, and to-do lists.
Synonyms: assortment, hodgepodge

one who hates women

He was a misogynist who tried to pay female
employees less than their male ounterparts.
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 m

m t GAte
(MI-tuh-geyt)

mNemoN C
(ni-MO-nik)

moLL fY
(MO-luh-fahy)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 m
to make less hostile or severe
Though she knew that her phobia was irrational,
little ould be done to mitigate her fear of even
the most harmless snakes.
Synonyms: allay, alleviate, assuage, ease,
moderate, mollify

(adj.) helping the memory, related to memory

A ronyms like PEMDAS an be useful
mnemonic devi es.
(n.) something that aids the memory
I use the mnemonic PEMDAS to help me
remember the order of operations: parentheses,
exponents, multipli ation and division, and
addition and subtra tion.
Synonyms: cue, hint, prompt, reminder
Gre
Gre

to soften the temper or feeling

V oCABULA

The hildren’s sin ere apology mollified their

Vo CABULArY

offended neighbor.
Synonyms: appease, mellow, mitigate, pacify,
placate
rY

[ 258 ]

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 m
moNoL th C
(mo-nuh-LI-thik)

morose
(muh-ROHS)
Gre V oCABULArY

mUNdANe
(muhn-DEYN)

[ 259 ]

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 m
huge, forming one giant whole
The monolithic statues on Easter Island are
haunting and mysterious.
Synonyms: colossal, enormous, massive

gloomy or sullen in mood or temperament

Hating the fa t that he was only getting older,
he was espe ially morose on his birthday.
Synonyms: dour, melancholy, pessimistic

earthly, practical, ordinary

The philosopher ould speak brilliantly and at
length about the most abstra t ideas, but had
trouble taking are of su h mundane matters
as washing the dishes and paying the bills.
Gre

Synonyms: banal, common, everyday, prosaic,

unimaginative
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 260 ]

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 N
NAsCeNt
(NEY-suhnt)

NeBULoUs
(NE-byuh-luhs)

NeGAte
(ni-GEYT)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 261 ]

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 N
just coming into existence
The ro uses were the first sign of the nascent
spring.
Synonyms: burgeoning, fledgling, incipient

vague
He had only nebulous ideas of what type of
profession he might like to pursue.
Synonyms: confused, hazy, indefinite,
indistinct, unclear

to deny the truth or existence of; to make

ineffective
The tea her’s feedba k is intended to help you
improve your writing, and should not be seen
Gre

as negating your effort or a omplishments.

Synonyms: annul, cancel, contradict, invalidate,
Gre

nullify, refute
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 262 ]

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 N

NeoLoG sm
(nee-O-luh-ji-zuhm)

NeophYte
(NEE-uh-fahyt)

NostALG A
(nuh-STAL-juh)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 263 ]

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 N
a new word
The rapid development of te hnology in
re ent years has required the reation of many
neologisms.
Synonym: coinage

a beginner or new convert

Though he laimed to be an expert, he made
the mistakes of a neophyte.
Synonyms: novice, recruit, rookie

a state of longing for the past

I always feel su h nostalgia for my hildhood
home when I smell the s ent of baking bread.
Synonyms: homesickness, longing, yearning
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 264 ]

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 N

Nox oUs
(NOK-shuhs)

Gre V oCABULArY

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 N
poisonous or corrupting
The burning garbage emitted no ious fumes.
Synonyms: deadly, injurious, harmful,
pernicious, toxic
Gre
Gre
VoVo
CABULArY
CABULArY

[ 266 ]

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 oBdUrAte
o
(OB-duh-ruht)

oBfUsCAte
(OB-fuh-skeyt)

oBseqU oUs
(uhb-SEE-kwee-uhs)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 o
unyielding to persuasion or softening feelings;
persistent in doing wrong
Though the eviden e showed otherwise, he
was obdurate in his belief that his employees
were stealing from the till.
Synonyms: implacable, inflexible, obstinate,
stubborn

to confuse or make obscure

The more information he gave us in an attempt
to larify what he was saying, the more he
a tually obfuscated his meaning.
Synonyms: baffle, bewilder, conceal, perplex

characterized by fawning or servile attentiveness

Your obsequious behavior is not going to earn
Gre

you any favors from the tea her; it would be

better simply to attend to your studies.
Gre
V oCABULA

Synonyms: deferential, groveling, submissive,

subservient
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 o

oBst NAte
(OB-stuh-nuht)

oBtUse
(ob-TOOS)

Gre V oCABULArY

oBV Ate
(OB-vee-eyt)

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 o
persistent in a belief or behavior; not easily
remedied, changed, or controlled
The obstinate toddler refused to wear shoes.
Synonyms: determined, dogged, stubborn,
unyielding

lacking quickness or insight in perception or

intelligence
I apologize for being so obtuse, but ould you
please explain the pro edure one more time?
Synonyms: dense, dull, imperceptive, stupid

to prevent or make unnecessary through

anticipation
Our areful preparations for the move obviated
the expense of having the movers help us pa k.
Gre

Synonyms: avert, hinder, preclude

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 o

oCCLUde
(uh-KLOOD)

od oUs
(OH-dee-uhs)

off C oUs
(uh-FI-shuhs)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 o
to block off or conceal
A lunar e lipse results when the Moon
occludes the light from the Sun.
Synonyms: hinder, impede, obstruct

causing or deserving of hatred

After they were found guilty of vandalism, the
teens were punished for their odious behavior.
Synonyms: detestable, disgusting, loathsome,
offensive, repugnant

giving service where none was asked for

Her officious ontributions to the proje t were
more a hindran e than a help, and we ended
up having to redo mu h of what she had done.
Gre

Synonyms: intrusive, meddlesome, pushy

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 272 ]

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 o

oNeroUs
(OH-nuhr-uhs)

opAqUe
(oh-PEYK)

opproBr Um
(uh-PRO-bree-uhm)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 o
burdensome
The homework proved to be far less onerous
than we had expe ted, and we finished it all in
less than an hour.
Synonyms: arduous, oppressive, troublesome

blocking light, dark; difficult to understand

The reading assignment was only eight pages
long, but the text was so opaque that it took
me two hours to read it.
Synonyms: cloudy, impenetrable, murky; con-
cealed, incomprehensible, obscure, unclear

public disgrace or something that causes

disgrace
Fearing the opprobrium that would result if
Gre

his se rets were revealed, he quietly left town,

never to return.
Gre
V oCABULA

Synonyms: dishonor, disrepute, infamy

Vo CABULArY
rY

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 o

osC LLAte
(O-suh-leyt)

osteNtAt oUs
(os-tuhn-TEY-shuhs)

Gre V oCABULArY

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 o
to swing back and forth; to vary in opinions,
beliefs, or conditions
After her busy week was over, she found
herself oscillating between a fier e desire to
go out dan ing and a just as fier e desire to
snuggle up in bed.
Synonyms: fluctuate, vacillate

characterized by showy or pretentious display

Her philanthropy always stru k me as
ostentatious: done to impress others
rather than for the purpose of giving itself.
Synonyms: conspicuous, extravagant,
flamboyant, flashy
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 276 ]

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 p
pAeAN
(PEE-uhn)

pALL d
(PA-luhd)

Gre V oCABULArY

pArAGoN
(PAR-uh-gon)

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 p
a song of praise, thanksgiving, or triumph
Beethoven’s “Ode to Joy” is a paean to the
kinship of all humanity.
Synonyms: anthem, hymn, laud, ode

lacking color or energy

Brad laimed that he felt just fine, but his
pallid skin indi ated otherwise.
Synonyms: dull, pale, wan

an example of excellence
As a student, Gina was thought to be a paragon,
but her English tea her noti ed that she ex elled
only be ause she refused to take any risks.
Synonyms: epitome, exemplar, nonpareil,
Gre

standard
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 p

pArodY
(PAR-roh-dee)

pArt sAN
(PAHR-tuh-zuhn)

pAthoLoG CAL
(pa-thuh-LO-ji-kuhl)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 p
a work of literature, music, theater, or film that
imitates the style of another, for humorous or
satirical effect
The seniors performed a parody of Hamlet
that had us all in sti hes.
Synonyms: caricature, spoof

committed to or biased toward a party, cause,

or person
It seems that partisan politi s are getting in
the way of the ability of Congress to get any-
thing done.
Synonyms: factional, partial, prejudiced

caused by or symptomatic of disease or

mental disturbance
Gre

His dread of travel was so extreme as to seem

pathological.
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 p

pAUC tY
(PAW-suh-tee)

pedAGoGY
(PEH-duh-goh-jee)

Gre V oCABULArY

pedANt C
(pi-DAN-tik)

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 p
scarcity
The paucity of information about the region
has led many myths to take hold about it and
those who live there.
Synonyms: dearth, deficiency, lack

the art or science of teaching

A su essful tea her needs both a thorough
grounding in his or her subje t area and a solid
understanding of pedagogy.
Synonyms: education, study

ostentatious and unimaginative in one’s learning

You might ex ite more of your students if your
approa h to your subje t were less pedantic.
Gre

Synonyms: academic, didactic, scholastic

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 p

peNChANt
(PEN-chuhnt)

peNUrY
(PEN-yuh-ree)

peremptorY
(puh-REMP-tuh-ree)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 p
a strong inclination
With her penchant for working with her hands,
she is likely to enjoy her new job at the botani
garden.
Synonyms: fondness, liking, tendency

extreme poverty
He spent his hildhood in a state of su h
penury that it affe ted his health for the rest of
his life.
Synonyms: dearth, destitution, indigence,
scarcity

allowing of no contradiction; characterized

by arrogance
Gre

After his promotion, his peremptory attitude

toward his former olleagues alienated them
Gre

from him.
V oCABULA

Synonyms: imperative, unconditional;

dictatorial, imperious
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 284 ]

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 p

pereNN AL
(puh-RE-nee-uhl)

perf dY
(PUHR-fuh-dee)

Gre V oCABULArY

perfUNCtorY
(puhr-FUHNGK-tuh-ree)

[ 285 ]

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 p
lasting a long time, persistent, constant
Their perennial omplaint was that manage-
ment did not budget suffi ient resour es for
them to do their work properly.
Synonyms: continuing, everlasting, perpetual,
recurrent

an act of disloyalty, treachery

His s oring a tou hdown for the opposing
team was not an a t of perfidy so mu h as a
stupid mistake.
Synonyms: betrayal, duplicity, infidelity

done in a routine, superficial, or indifferent way

Maggie’s perfunctory greeting indi ated that
Gre

we were not the visitors she was hoping to see.

Synonyms: automatic, mechanical, offhand,
Gre

unthinking
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 p

permeABLe
(PUHR-mee-uh-buhl)

perN C oUs
(puhr-NI-shuhs)

persp CAC oUs

Gre V oCABULArY

(puhr-spuh-KAY-shuhs)

[ 287 ]

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 p
able to be permeated or penetrated
We annot use this fabri to make a tent
be ause it is permeable to water.
Synonyms: absorbent, penetrable, porous

destructive or deadly
These pernicious lies ould ruin more than just
your areer.
Synonyms: detrimental, harmful, injurious,
noxious, ruinous

extremely perceptive
The perspicacious hild knew long before he
was told that his mother was pregnant again.
Synonyms: discerning, intelligent, keen,
Gre

shrewd
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 288 ]

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 p

pertUrB
(puhr-TUHRB)

perUse
(puh-ROOZ)

perVAde
(puhr-VEYD)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 p
to disturb mentally
I was so perturbed by that movie that I had
nightmares every night for more than a week
afterward.
Synonyms: agitate, derange, trouble, unsettle,
upset

to study with attention to detail; to look over

casually
Please peruse the report arefully before the
meeting.
Synonyms: analyze, examine, inspect; browse,
scan, skim

to become spread throughout

Gre

The s ent of his heavy ologne pervaded

every orner of the offi e.
Gre

Synonyms: diffuse, infuse, permeate

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 p

petULANt
(PE-chuh-luhnt)

phLeGmAt C
(fleg-MA-tik)

Gre V oCABULArY

p oUs
(PAHY-uhs)

[ 291 ]

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 p
characterized by rudeness or ill humor
The petulant hild just needed some rest;
after her nap, she was perfe tly heerful.
Synonyms: crabby, fractious, grouchy, irritable,
moody

having an unexcitable or sluggish temperament

The brothers ould not have been any more
different: whereas Tom was loud and qui k
tempered, Tim was phlegmatic.
Synonyms: apathetic, dispassionate, indifferent,
lethargic, unemotional

characterized by religious devotion or by

conspicuous and hypocritical virtue
Gre

Our pious neighbor goes to hur h every day.

Synonyms: devout, religious, reverent,
Gre

righteous, sanctimonious, scrupulous

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 292 ]

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 p

p Ne
(payhn)

p rAte
(PAHY-ruht)

Gre V oCABULArY

p thY
(PI-thee)

[ 293 ]

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 p
to long painfully, often for something unattain-
able; to waste away from grief
The new father pined for his family through
his first day ba k to work after the birth of his
hild.
Synonyms: grieve, yearn

to take or reproduce without the right to do so

We did not pirate the re ordings; the band
gave us permission to distribute their work.
Synonyms: copy, plagiarize, steal

brief and meaningful

Benjamin Franklin’s proverbs are pithy
statements about living well.
Gre

Synonyms: cogent, expressive, pointed,

succinct, terse
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 p

pLACAte
(PLEY-keyt)

pLA Nt Ve
(PLEYN-tiv)

pLAst C tY
(pla-STI-suh-tee)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 295 ]

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 p
to calm or pacify, especially by giving
concessions
To placate the disappointed hildren, the
tea her promised that the outing would be
res heduled for a time after the rain leared.
Synonyms: appease, assuage, conciliate,
mollify, soothe

expressing sorrow
The plaintive all of the loon seemed to be
telling of our own sadness on the morning we
left the lake for good.
Synonyms: melancholy, mournful

the capacity to be changed or molded

Gre

The play dough lost mu h of its plasticity after

just one day, and the following day it was as
Gre

hard as a ro k.
V oCABULA

Synonyms: malleability, pliancy

Vo CABULArY
rY

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 p

pLAt tUde
(PLA-tuh-tood)

pLethorA
(PLE-thuh-ruh)

Gre V oCABULArY

pLUmmet
(PLUH-muht)

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 p
a banal or trite statement
The fortune teller studied my palm and then
uttered a series of platitudes that ould be
true for just about anyone.
Synonym: commonplace

an excess or abundance of
The plethora of fruits and vegetables at the
farmers’ market overwhelmed us; we had no
idea what to hoose.
Synonyms: glut, surplus

to fall or drop sharply and suddenly

In her terror of heights, she kept imagining
herself plummeting from the edge of the loft,
Gre

even though a barrier made it nearly impossible

to fall off.
Gre

Synonyms: collapse, plunge

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 p

poLem CAL
(puh-LEM-i-kuhl)

poroUs
(POHR-uhs)

prAGmAt C
Gre V oCABULArY

(prag-MA-tik)

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 p
controversial; tending toward disputes or
controversy
Though the essay was not intended to be
polemical, it inspired many angry letters to the
editor of the publi ation.
Synonyms: argumentative, contentious

having pores, permeable to fluids

Some ro ks, like pumi e, are a tually porous
and an absorb water.
Synonyms: absorbent, penetrable

oriented toward the practical

Our pragmatic mother preferred to re eive
useful gifts for her birthday.
Gre

Synonyms: businesslike, efficient, utilitarian

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 p

prAttLe
(PRA-tuhl)

preCAr oUs
(pri-KER-ee-uhs)

preC p tAte
(pri-SI-puh-teyt)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 p
chatter or babble
The prattle and laughter of her students filled
Ms. Shapiro’s lassroom.
Synonym: idle talk

dependent on uncertain or chance circumstances

Her position at the ompany felt in reasingly
precarious as more and more of her olleagues
were let go.
Synonyms: contingent, insecure, perilous,
shaky, unreliable

to cause, to bring about in a rushed or sudden

way; to come out of solution
His idle remark precipitated an argument
Gre

between his parents

Synonyms: hasten, hurry, speed
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 p
preCUrsor
(pri-KUHR-suhr)

pred LeCt oN
(pre-duh-LEK-shuhn)

preeN
Gre V oCABULArY

(preen)

[ 303 ]

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 p
that which precedes or anticipates another
Athenian demo ra y is regarded as a precursor
to ours, although it fun tioned very differently
than any demo ra y does today.
Synonyms: forerunner, predecessor

a preference for something

The boss’s predilection for loud jazz musi was
barely tolerable to anyone he worked with.
Synonyms: bias, inclination, penchant, tendency

to groom, to dress smartly; to congratulate

oneself for an accomplishment
You may preen yourself until you look as glam-
orous as an be, but if you behave rudely, you
Gre

will not impress.

Synonym: primp
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 p

premoN t oN
(pre-muh-NI-shuhn)

presC eNCe
(PRE-shuhns)

presUmptUoUs
(pri-ZUHMP-choo-uhs)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 305 ]

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 p
a sense of anticipation of a future event
Her premonition of failure had everything to
do with her anxiety and little to do with reason.
Synonyms: forewarning, presintement

foresight, through either divine means or

normal human anticipation
Even though the day began without a loud
in the sky, he had the prescience to bring rain
gear.
Synonym: foreknowledge

overstepping bounds, such as of courtesy

May I be so presumptuous as to suggest that
you repaint your living room walls?
Gre

Synonyms: audacious, bold, overconfident

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 p
preVAr CAte
(pri-VAR-uh-keyt)

pr st Ne
(pris-TEEN)

proB tY
Gre V oCABULArY

(PROH-buh-tee)

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 p
to lie
Do not prevaricate about who did what or
why; simply tell me how the vase got broken.
Synonyms: deceive, equivocate, misrepresent

fresh, unspoiled, clean

She gazed at the pristine anvas, enjoying the
possibilities it offered while still untou hed by
her paints.
Synonyms: immaculate, pure

maintenance of virtue and honesty

In To Kill a Mo kingbird, the probity of Atti us
Fin h is su h that he is the same man in his
living room as out on the street.
Gre

Synonyms: fidelity, integrity, sincerity, uprightness

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 p

proBLemAt C
(prob-luh-MA-tik)

proCL V tY
(proh-KLI-vuh-tee)

prod GAL
(PRO-di-guhl)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 p
posing a problem, unsettled
Your laim is problematic, insofar as it does
not apply to those who earn below the median
household in ome.
Synonyms: doubtful, questionable, uncertain

tendency
Her proclivity toward fussy tidiness was
severely hallenged when her baby be ame
a spirited and messy toddler.
Synonyms: inclination, predilection, propensity

characterized by lavish, wasteful, or reckless

expense; abundant
Nature is prodigal in its resour es;
Gre

unfortunately, humanity is prodigal

in using those resour es.
Gre

Synonyms: excessive, extravagant; bountiful

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 p

prod G oUs
(pruh-DI-juhs)

profL GAte
(PRO-fli-guht)

profUse
Gre V oCABULArY

(pruh-FYOOS)

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 p
inspiring wonder; extraordinary in size or
degree
They elebrated the grand wedding with a
prodigious feast.
Synonyms: exceptional, extraordinary,
fabulous, marvelous; huge, enormous

given to dissipation or extravagance

After your profligate behavior all semester
long, how ould you expe t anything but the
poorest grades?
Synonyms: corrupt, immoral, licentious,
shameless, wanton

abundant without restraint

Gre

Their profuse ompliments were as unexpe ted

as they were wel ome.
Gre

Synonyms: excessive, generous, liberal, plentiful

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 312 ]

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 p

proL f C
(pruh-LI-fik)

propeNs tY
(pruh-PEN-suh-tee)

Gre V oCABULArY

prop t Ate
(proh-PI-shee-eyt)

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 p
abundantly productive, fertile
She is not only a talented writer, but prolific,
ompleting one or two novels every year.
Synonyms: bountiful, fruitful, teeming

a natural tendency or preference

I have a propensity to eat too mu h when I
am nervous.
Synonyms: inclination, predilection, proclivity

to gain or regain the favor of

To propitiate her boss, she began to bring
him sna ks and offee in the afternoon.
Synonyms: appease, conciliate
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 p

propr etY
(pruh-PRAHY-uh-tee)

prosA C
(proh-ZEY-ik)

prosCr Be
(pro-SKRAHYB)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 315 ]

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 p
the state of being proper or appropriate
Propriety in spee h was so important to him
that even in his most heated moments he
never used harsh language.
Synonyms: appropriateness, correctness,
decorum, respectability

dull, factual
She on e had romanti visions of life as the
editor of a literary magazine; the reality was
prosaic, involving demanding produ tion
s hedules and temperamental writers.
Synonyms: commonplace, unimaginative

to forbid
After the a ident, all al oholi beverages
Gre

were proscribed from the stadium.

Gre

Synonyms: banish, condemn, outlaw, prohibit

V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 316 ]

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 p

pUNGeNt
(PUHN-juhnt)

pUrport
(puhr-POHRT)

Gre V oCABULArY

pUtrefY
(PYOO-truh-fahy)

[ 317 ]

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 p
sharp, painful, to the point
The reje tion was brief and pungent.
Synonyms: acrid, biting, caustic

to claim or pretend
This manus ript purports to be the original,
but it looks like a opy to me.
Synonyms: allege, assert

to rot
The fruit that fell from the trees began to
putrefy within a day or two.
Synonyms: decay, spoil, stink
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 318 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 318 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 qUAff
q
(kwof)

qUAGm re
(KWAG-mahyr)

qUAL f ed
(KWO-luh-feyd)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 319 ]

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 q
to drink deeply with great enjoyment
We shall raise our glasses high in a toast and
then quaff our ale in elebration!
Synonyms: down, imbibe

soft land that gives underfoot; a difficult situation

The ouple was sinking in a quagmire of debt.
Synonyms: bog; predicament, quandary

to be suitable for a particular purpose;

modified or restricted in some way
Her a eptan e of our invitation was qualified:
she ould ome only if she ould find a ride
home.
Synonyms: capable, competent, proper,
Gre

skillful; conditional, contingent

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 320 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 320 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 q

qUALm
(kwom)

qUerY
(KWEER-ee)

qUerULoUs
(KWER-uh-luhs)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 321 ]

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 q
a feeling of apprehension or uneasiness, often
for reasons of conscience or propriety
He had many qualms about living on the other
side of the ountry from his aging parents.
Synonyms: apprehension, misgiving, uncertainty

question
Your lengthy explanation ertainly answered
my query, and more!
Synonym: inquiry

given to complaining
Few of his lassmates liked the querulous
hild, whi h only made him more irritable.
Synonyms: dissatisfied, fretful, whining
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 322 ]

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 q

qU BBLe
(KWI-buhl)

qU esCeNt
(kwayh-EH-suhnt)

qU xot C
(kwik-SAH-tik)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 323 ]

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 q
to evade a point through ambiguous or irrel-
evant arguments
They quibbled over the details so long that
they went over budget and failed to meet their
deadline.
Synonyms: bicker, equivocate

at rest, latent
My mind is hardly quiescent in sleep: my
dreams are busy, sometimes even pani ked.
Synonyms: dormant, inactive, motionless,
quiet, still

extravagantly foolish or romantic in the pursuit

of ideals
Gre

I am not so qui otic to think that my leader-

ship an transform this s hool in just one year,
Gre

but I do believe that I an make a differen e.

V oCABULA

Synonyms: chivalrous, impractical, visionary

Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 324 ]

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 q

qUot d AN
(kwoh-TI-dee-uhn)

Gre V oCABULArY

[ 325 ]

7031_ GREVOC_ Flash Review[FIN .indd 325 5/10/11 2:55 PM

 q
ordinary
After our arduous journey, it was good to
return to our quotidian on erns: getting the
hildren to s hool and ourselves to work.
Synonyms: commonplace, daily, everyday,
usual
Gre
Gre
VoVo
CABULArY
CABULArY

[ 326 ]

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 r
rANCoroUs
(RANG-kuh-ruhs)

rAref ed
(RER-uh-fahyd)

Gre V oCABULArY

rAt oNALe
(ra-shuh-NAL)

[ 327 ]

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 r
characterized by deep ill will
Over the ourse of a few days, their argument
be ame so rancorous that re on iliation
seemed impossible.
Synonyms: bitter, virulent

elevated; related to or appealing to a small,

elite group
Vivian does not share her parents’ rarefied
taste for the work of minimalist omposers; she
prefers ro k ’n’ roll.
Synonyms: esoteric, lofty, select

the basis of an opinion or belief

Her rationale for stealing towels from hotels
was that everyone else does it too.
Gre

Synonyms: explanation, justification, reason

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 328 ]

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 r

reCALC trANt
(ri-KAL-suh-truhnt)

reCANt
(ri-KANT)

reCLUse
Gre V oCABULArY

(REH-kloos)

[ 329 ]

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 r
stubbornly defiant, unmanageable, resistant
The lass of third-grade students proved to be
recalcitrant to all the demands of the inexpe-
rien ed substitute tea her.
Synonyms: disobedient, intractable,
uncontrollable

to openly and formally withdraw or disavow a

statement or belief
Regrettable as they were, she refused to
recant the rash statements she had made the
night before.
Synonyms: nullify, retract, void

one who has withdrawn from society

We rarely see my brother, a recluse who lives
Gre

in the woods with only his dog.

Gre

Synonym: hermit
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 330 ]

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 r

reCoNd te
(RE-kuhn-dahyt)

redoUBtABLe
(ri-DOU-tuh-buhl)

Gre V oCABULArY

refrACtorY
(ri-FRAK-tuh-ree)

[ 331 ]

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 r
hidden, difficult to understand
Her book dealt with su h recondite matters as
Kantian ethi s.
Synonyms: esoteric, mysterious, obscure,
profound

inspiring fear or respect

He is a redoubtable s holar whose works are
as entertaining as they are impressive.
Synonyms: awesome, eminent, formidable,
illustrious

resistant to authority; resistant to treatment

As refractory as a mule, he never earned his
diploma be ause he refused to omplete the
ne essary battery of tests.
Gre

Synonyms: disobedient, rebellious, uncontrol-

Gre

lable, unyielding
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 332 ]

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 r

refULGeNt
(ri-FUHL-juhnt)

refUte
(ri-FYOOT)

reLeGAte
(RE-luh-geyt)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 333 ]

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 r
shining brightly
Even from a distan e, the refulgent ity
seemed to light up the sky.
Synonyms: brilliant, gleaming, radiant

to prove wrong, to deny

He ould not refute the eviden e against him,
and in the end, he onfessed to the rime.
Synonyms: disprove, invalidate, repudiate

to banish, to assign to an insignificant or inferior

place or role
After the offi es were renovated, we were
relegated to a entral room with no windows.
Synonyms: demote, displace
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 334 ]

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 r

reNeGe
(ri-NEG)

repArAt oN
(re-puh-REY-shuhn)

reproACh
(ri-PROHCH)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 335 ]

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 r
to go back on a commitment
Karen reneged on her promise to ome out
with us only be ause of illness.
Synonym: default

making amends for damages or a wrong

In reparation for years of negle t, the town
finally invested an unpre edented amount in
the s hools, streets, and park in its poorest
neighborhood.
Synonyms: atonement, compensation, satisfaction

(n.) an expression of disapproval or the act of

expressing disapproval
The tea her’s reproaches fell on deaf ears,
and the students ontinued to hatter while
Gre

working on their writing.

Gre

Synonyms: criticism, rebuke

V oCABULA

(v.) to express disapproval

Vo CABULArY

Trevor’s mother reproached him for failing to

write a thank-you note to his grandmother.
Synonyms: admonish, criticize, disparage a
depraved person
rY

[ 336 ]

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 r

reproBAte
(RE-pruh-beyt)

repUd Ate
(ri-PYOO-dee-eyt)

resC Nd
(ri-SIND)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 337 ]

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 r
He was a reprobate who o asionally even
stole ash from his elderly mother’s purse.
pariah, fiend, miscreant

to disown or reject
Consider your words arefully before you
de ide to publi ly repudiate the laims made
by your boss.
Synonyms: condemn, disown, renounce

to take away or cancel

She ould not rescind the order she had
mistakenly made for a bridesmaid dress in the
wrong olor.
Synonyms: annul, invalidate, retract, revoke
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 338 ]

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 r
ret CeNt
(RE-tuh-suhnt)

reVereNCe
(REV-ruhnts)

rhetor C
(RE-tuh-rik)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 339 ]

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 r
tending to be uncommunicative or silent
Thinking her parents would not approve, Han-
nah was reticent about her plans to move to
Brazil.
Synonyms: reserved, restrained

feelings of honor or respect

Bru e treated the baseball with reverence
after his favorite pit her signed it.
Synonyms: awe, deference, veneration

the study or art of the use of language in

speech or writing
The ele torate did not are for his highfalutin
rhetoric and voted him out of offi e after just
one term.
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 340 ]

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 r

rUe
(roo)

rUse
(rooz)

Gre V oCABULArY

[ 341 ]

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 r
discourse
to feel regret or sorrow, to wish that something
had never been
I rue the day that I first took up this game: I’ve
found it to be ompletely addi tive!
Synonyms: deplore, grieve, mourn, regret

a trick
What he ould not get dire tly through hard
work, he de ided to a quire indire tly through
a ruse.
Synonyms: artifice, deceit, stratagem, subterfuge
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 342 ]

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 s
sAGe
(seyj)

sALUBr oUs
(suh-LOO-bree-uhs)

Gre V oCABULArY

sANCt oN
(SANGK-shuhn)

[ 343 ]

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 s
one who is wise
They treated me as a sage simply for having
worked there longer than anyone else.
Synonyms: guru, master

healthful
This purportedly salubrious drink is a tually
hardly more than sugar water.
Synonyms: beneficial, wholesome

to approve, give permission

I annot believe that your parents would
sanction su h rude behavior.
Synonyms: allow, authorize, endorse
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 344 ]

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 s

sArdoN C
(sahr-DON-ik)

sAt Ate
(SEY-shee-eyt)

sAt re
(SA-tahyr)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 345 ]

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 s
disdainfully or skeptically humorous or mocking
Joseph’s sardonic attitude toward his parents’
interests was somewhat insulting, but also
expe ted from a teenager.
Synonyms: cynical, scornful, sneering

to satisfy fully or supply to excess

This Thanksgiving dinner will surely satiate
even the hungriest of us all!
Synonyms: fill, gratify, indulge

the use of irony or ridicule to expose human

folly
The novel is meant to be a satire; the author
is ridi uling the views of the hara ters, not
Gre

endorsing them.
Synonyms: irony, mockery, parody
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 346 ]

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 s

sAtUrAte
(SA-chuh-reyt)

sAVor
(SEY-vuhr)

seCrete
(si-KREET)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 347 ]

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 s
to fill completely or infuse with something until
nothing more can be absorbed
The air in and around the garden was saturated
with the s ent of lila s.
Synonyms: drench, soak

to taste or smell with pleasure, enjoy

I eat lobster on e every year, while I’m on
va ation, and I savor it ea h time.
Synonyms: appreciate, relish

to give off or release a substance or secretion

such as sweat; to hide
The tree secreted a sti ky sap from the area of
the trunk that was injured.
Gre

Synonyms: discharge, emit; conceal

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 348 ]

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 s

sedULoUs
(SE-juh-luhs)

seNsUAL
(SEN-shuh-wuhl)

seNsUoUs
(SEN-shuh-wuhs)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 349 ]

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 s
characterized or produced by perseverance
Through sedulous effort, Karen mastered
onversational Fren h in just six months.
Synonyms: diligent, industrious, tireless

related to the senses, especially with the

gratification of or indulgence in the senses or
appetites
Their interest in ea h other was purely sensual,
and so their relationship was passionate but
brief.
Synonyms: carnal, materialistic

affecting the senses, aesthetically gratifying to

the senses
Gre

The singer was beloved for her sensuous style.

Synonyms: luxurious, pleasurable
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 s
seNt eNt
(SEN-shee-uhnt)

serV Le
(SUHR-vahyl)

Gre V oCABULArY

shArd
(shahrd)

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 s
conscious, able to perceive
The forest seemed to be haunted, as though
the trees were sentient.
Synonym: aware

submissive, like a slave

Though yours is the lowest position in the firm,
there is no need to behave in su h a servile
way, espe ially if you hope to be promoted.
Synonyms: abject, obedient, subservient

a fragment of a hard or brittle substance

After he glued together the shards of the
broken vase, the resulting vessel was off-kilter
and oddly beautiful.
Gre

Synonym: scrap
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 s

s NGULAr
(SING-gyuh-luhr)

skept C
(SKEP-tik)

soL C toUs
(suh-LI-suh-tuhs)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 s
unique, unusual
Leonardo da Vin i’s genius was singular; who
else has been so talented in so many different
dis iplines?
Synonyms: exceptional, individual, odd, peculiar

a person who is given to skepticism, who tends

to doubt or disbelieve
When it omes to matters of faith, I tend to be
a skeptic; I prefer to believe only when there is
eviden e for belief.
Synonyms: disbeliever, doubter

showing concern or care; eager

I was irritated by their overly solicitous ques-
Gre

tions and fussing after my illness.

Synonyms: anxious, attentive, careful, worried
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 s

soLVeNt
(SOL-vuhnt)

sopor f C
(soh-puh-RI-fik)

Gre V oCABULArY

sord d
(SAWR-did)

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 s
(adj.) able to pay debts; having the power of
dissolving
After two diffi ult years, business was good
again and at last we were solvent.
stable
(n.) a substance, usually a liquid, in which other
substances can be dissolved
Water is a solvent for a variety of substan es,
su h as salt.

tending to cause sleep, related to sleep or

sleepiness
While I am energized by the musi of Ba h, my
husband finds it soporific and often a tually
falls asleep while listening to it.
Synonyms: calming, dull, hypnotic, soothing
Gre
Gre

characterized by baseness, filthy

V oCABULA

The story of his as ent to power was a sordid

Vo CABULArY

one of greed, betrayal, and even murder.

Synonyms: degenerate, miserable, squalid, vile
rY

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 s

spArse
(spahrs)

speC oUs
(SPEE-shuhs)
Gre V oCABULArY

speCtrUm
(SPEK-truhm)

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 s
thinly settled or grown, meager
After the long, dry summer, the grass was
sparse underfoot.
Synonyms: inadequate, scanty, skimpy

having the appearance of goodness or truth,

attractive in a deceptive way
Despite her specious arguments, the andi-
date attra ted an enthusiasti following.
Synonyms: false, illusory, misleading, plausible

a series or range of related things or ideas

Roxanne has a wide spectrum of interests,
in luding everything from martial arts to bird
wat hing.
Gre

Synonyms: continuum, span

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 s

speNdthr ft
(SPEND-thrift)

sporAd C
(spuh-RA-dik)

spUr oUs
(SPYOOR-ee-uhs)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 359 ]

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 s
a person who spends wastefully
One of my un les is frugal and has a umulated
a staggering fortune, and the other is a spend-
thrift who has a umulated a staggering debt.
Synonyms: spender, squanderer

happening occasionally or irregularly

The hildren were given to sporadic bursts of
enthusiasm that their tea her was determined
to ultivate.
Synonyms: isolated, occasionally, scattered

not genuine or true

Not wanting to hurt his feelings, she gave a
spurious reason for reje ting his invitation to
the movies.
Gre

Synonyms: contrived, counterfeit, deceitful,

Gre

deceptive
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 s

sqUAL d
(SKWO-lid)

sqUANder
(SKWON-duhr)

stAt C
Gre V oCABULArY

(STA-tik)

[ 361 ]

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 s
filthy from neglect or poverty
On e anything makes its way into my little
brother’s squalid bedroom, it rarely makes its
way out.
Synonyms: disgusting, miserable, sordid

to spend or use wastefully, to scatter

You worked hard to earn that money, so don’t
squander it on silly things like video games!
Synonyms: dissipate, misuse, waste

showing a lack of change or movement

In literature, a static hara ter is one who is
the same from the beginning to the end of the
story.
Gre

Synonyms: fixed, inactive, unchanging

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 s

st GmA
(STIG-muh)

st Nt
(stint)

st pULAte
(STI-pyuh-leyt)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 s
a mark or sign of disgrace
Wendy bore the stigma of having been fired
from three jobs, until she found a suitable
areer and thrived.
Synonyms: blemish, brand, scar, stain

a period of time spent doing a specific activity

I had a brief stint in ollege but dropped out
to start my own business.
Synonym: term

to set conditions of agreement, to make a

specific demand
The printer stipulated that the files should be
ready no later than the last day of June.
Gre

Synonyms: contract, designate, require, settle

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 s

sto C
(STOH-ik)

stoL d
(STO-lid)

strAt f ed
(STRA-tuh-fahyd)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 365 ]

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 s
not showing feeling
Our mother’s stoic attitude toward her strug-
gle to make a living for our family was an
inspiration to us.
Synonyms: dispassionate, indifferent,
philosophic, self-controlled

having or showing no feelings

Nobody understood what she saw in him, but
she knew that his stolid exterior hid a sensitive
soul.
Synonyms: impassive, indifferent, unemotional

arranged in layers or hierarchical classes

The stratified liffs of the Grand Canyon
display a re ord of geologi al time.
Gre

Synonym: ordered
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 s

str Ated
(STRAHY-ey-ted)

str deNt
(STRAHY-duhnt)

strUt
Gre V oCABULArY

(struht)

[ 367 ]

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 s
marked with grooves, scratches, or stripes
The striated ro ks give eviden e of the gla-
iers that on e overed this region, s raping
and s oring any exposed surfa es as they
moved.
Synonyms: furrowed, streaked, striped

characterized by harsh and insistent sound,

commanding attention
His strident voi e ould be heard throughout
the entire building.
Synonym: loud

to walk in a proud or pompous way

Now that Henry is the boss of our division, he
struts around as though he owns the pla e.
Gre

Synonyms: flaunt, parade, swagger

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 s

stUpefY
(STOO-puh-fahy)

stYm e
(STAHY-mee)

sUBpoeNA
Gre V oCABULArY

(suh-PEE-nuh)

[ 369 ]

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 s
to make stupid or numb; to astonish
This e onomi s textbook is so dull that it
stupefies more than it instru ts.
Synonyms: benumb, daze, deaden; bewilder,
confound, flabbergast

to get in the way of

Our ambitions were stymied by our la k of
funds.
Synonyms: block, hinder, impede, obstruct,
thwart

a written command to appear in court

Unless the judge issues a subpoena, there is
no way I will appear in ourt.
Gre

Synonym: summons
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 s

sUBs de
(suhb-SAHYD)

sUBstANt Ate
(suhb-STAN-shee-eyt)

sUBtLe
(SUH-tl)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 371 ]

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 s
to settle down or become quiet
Before long, the storm had subsided and the
sun appeared.
Synonyms: abate, diminish

to give evidence for or prove; to give form to

It took six weeks of resear h for her to gather
the eviden e to substantiate her laims, and
the resulting arti le won several awards.
Synonyms: demonstrate, establish; embody,
materialize

delicate or elusive, difficult to perceive or

understand; insightful, skillful
The argument was so subtle that I had to
read the essay several times to appre iate its
Gre

on lusions.
Gre

Synonyms: indistinct, suggestive; penetrating,

V oCABULA

perceptive
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 s

sUBVers Ve
(suhb-VUHR-siv)

sUCC NCt
(suhk-SINGKT)

sUCCor
(SUH-kuhr)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 s
tending to undermine, intending to overthrow
Be ause their aims were subversive, they
distributed the pamphlets quietly, so as not to
all the attention of the authorities.
Synonyms: destructive, rebellious

precise, using few words

His succinct explanation was far more helpful
than anything in our 48-page manual.
Synonyms: blunt, concise, pithy

relief or help; that which gives relief or help

The missionaries vowed to give succor to the
poor.
Synonyms: aid, assistance
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 s

sUperfLUoUs
(soo-PUHR-floo-uhs)

sUpersede
(soo-puhr-SEED)

sUppLANt
(suh-PLANT)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 s
more than what is needed, extra, unnecessary
Though I’m ertainly grateful, your praise of
my performan e was superfluous; being able
to make musi is joy enough in itself.
Synonyms: excessive, expendable, gratuitous

to take the place or position of, displace

In the twentieth entury, the physi s that followed
from Einstein’s theories superseded Newtonian
physi s.
Synonyms: replace, succeed, supplant

to take the place of, especially by force,

through treachery, or through superiority
The rebels overthrew the government, only to
supplant one tyranny with another.
Gre

Synonyms: overthrow, succeed, supersede,

Gre

undermine, uproot
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 s

sUppos t oN
(suh-puh-ZI-shuhn)

sUrfe t
(suhr-feht)

sYNthes s
(SIN-thuh-suhs)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 s
the act of supposing or something that is
supposed
Your supposition that I am not up to the job
seems to be based more on stereotypes than
on familiarity with my work.
Synonyms: assumption, hyphothesis

an excessive amount or indulgence in

something
De ember seems to be hara terized by a
surfeit in all things: food, drink, and gifts.
Synonyms: glut, overindulgence, satiety,
surplus

the combination of different things or ideas to

form one substance or whole
Gre

The show was a remarkable synthesis of

different art forms: drama, musi , and dan e
Gre

ombined in one extravagant spe ta le.

V oCABULA

Synonyms: amalgamation, integration, unification

Vo CABULArY
rY

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 t
tAC t
(TA-suht)

tANGeNt AL
(tan-JENT-shuhl)

Gre V oCABULArY

tAUtoLoG CAL
(taw-tuh-LO-ji-kuhl)

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 t
expressed or done without words, implied
No words on the matter were a tually spoken
between our neighbors and us; we simply
ame to a tacit agreement that any apples that
fell onto our yard from their tree were ours.
Synonyms: implicit, silent, suggested, unspoken

touching or connected only slightly, as a tan-

gent line
Her paper was marred by the in lusion of too
mu h information that was only tangential to
her main point.
Synonyms: digressive, divergent, incidental

characterized by unnecessary repetition

Always saying “a variety of different things” is
Gre

tautological be ause the word variety already

implies differen e; you an simply say “a variety
Gre

of things.”
V oCABULA

Synonym: redundant
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 t

teNAC tY
(tuh-NA-suh-tee)

teNet
(TE-nuht)

Gre V oCABULArY

teNUoUs
(TEN-yuh-wuhs)

[ 381 ]

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 t
persistence
Against all odds, with great tenacity, and not a
little lu k, she worked her way through ollege.
Synonyms: determination, resolve

a principle or belief, especially one held by a

particular group of people
The main tenet of atta hment theory is that
the healthy development of a hild requires the
se ure atta hment to at least one aregiver.
Synonyms: doctrine, precept

thin in form or density; lacking substance,

strength, clarity, or a sound basis in reasoning
We questioned her tenuous reasons for her
three-day absen e, but she refused to larify
Gre

her story.
Gre

Synonyms: flimsy, rare; questionable,

V oCABULA

unsubstantial, vague, weak

Vo CABULArY
rY

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 t

terse
(tuhrs)

t rAde
(TAHY-reyd)

tome
(tohm)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 383 ]

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 t
concise, sometimes abruptly so
His terse reply hinted at darker reasons for his
ondition, and so I did not press him to say
more.
Synonyms: brief, curt, pithy, succinct

a long and angry speech

Our neighbor subje ts all visitors to a tirade
on the per eived wrongdoings of his ex-wife.
Synonyms: diatribe, harangue, invective

a large, weighty, or scholarly book; one volume

of a larger work
What she originally envisioned as a brief
novella developed into a 600-page tome,
dramatizing the lives and relationships of
Gre

some half-dozen hara ters.

Gre

Synonym: opus
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 t

torpor
(TAWR-puhr)

torqUe
(tawrk)

tortUoUs
(TAWRCH-wuhs)
Gre V oCABULArY

[ 385 ]

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 t
a state of mental and physical inactivity accom-
panied by a loss of feeling; a lack of energy
During my illness, the fever did not trouble me
so mu h as the torpor—I hate to be slowed
down!
Synonyms: apathy, dullness, lethargy

a force that causes twisting or rotation, or the

measurement of this force
The arpenter’s drill supplied enough torque
to drive s rews into the very dense wood.
Synonyms: force, rotation

having many twists or turns; characterized by

indirect methods
We made our way ba k and forth up the tortuous
Gre

path through the woods.

Gre

Synonyms: circuitous, crooked, winding;

V oCABULA

convoluted, devious
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 t

toUt
(tout)

trACtABLe
(TRAK-tuh-buhl)

trANsGress oN
Gre V oCABULArY

(tranz-GREH-shuhn)

[ 387 ]

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 t
to solicit support for, to promote
Mr. Franklin takes every opportunity to tout the
a omplishments of his three grand hildren.
Synonyms: acclaim, herald, praise

easily led, trained, or controlled; easily handled

He has a tractable dog that learns tri ks easily.
Synonyms: docile, submissive, yielding; malleable

an act of violating a command or law or of

going beyond some limit
Although our transgression was unintentional,
we still had to pay a fine for breaking the law.
Synonyms: breach, crime, sin, violation
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 t

trANs eNt
(TRAN-shuhnt)

trANsLUCeNt
(tranz-LOO-suhnt)

treNChANt
(TREN-chuhnt) Gre V oCABULArY

[ 389 ]

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 t
passing swiftly in and out of existence, lasting
or staying only a short time
Though they seem long, the days of summer
are transient, and before you know it, winter
has ome again.
Synonyms: ephemeral, fleeting, temporary,
transitory

allowing the passage of light but diffusing it so

that objects on the other side are not clearly
visible; clearly understandable; clear
Translucent panels were set into the wall,
so that you ould see blurry figures passing
through the hallway on the other side.
Synonyms: semitransparent; lucid
Gre

keen, articulate, or perceptive (describing

language or a person); energetic, effective;
Gre

sharply defined
V oCABULA

His trenchant riti ism ould be hard to take,

but the students who listened were better
Vo CABULArY

writers for it.

Synonyms: caustic, cutting; vigorous; clear-cut,
distinct
rY

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 t

trUCULeNt
(truh-kyuh-luhnt)

trYst
(trist)

Gre V oCABULArY

[ 391 ]

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 t
feeling or showing ferocity; deadly, harsh, or
aggressive
The dis ipline of playing football transformed
the truculent boy into a mild young man; he
reserved his aggression for the field.
Synonyms: brutal, cruel, fierce, savage;
belligerent, hostile

an appointment to meet, especially one made

secretly between lovers
In the myth of Pyramus and Thisbe, a tryst
between the two lovers ends in tragedy
when Pyramus believes that Thisbe has
been devoured by a lioness.
Synonyms: date, engagement, rendezvous
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 U
UB qU toUs
(yoo-BI-kwi-tuhs)

UNCANNY
(uhn-KA-nee)

Gre V oCABULArY

UNfe GNed
(uhn-FEYND)

[ 393 ]

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 U
existing everywhere at once
That hit song was ubiquitous all summer long:
I heard it at the bea h, at the gro ery store,
waiting on line at the deli, and on the radio
just about every time I turned it on.
Synonyms: omnipresent, pervasive, widespread

seeming to be supernatural in nature,

extraordinary
She had an uncanny way of knowing that
someone was seriously ill, sometimes even
before the person knew of the illness him or
herself.
Synonyms: eerie, mysterious, spooky, weird

genuine, sincere
Gre

I love to be with hildren, be ause their delight

is always unfeigned and spontaneous.
Gre
V oCABULA

Synonyms: honest, real, true, unaffected

Vo CABULArY
rY

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 U

UNteNABLe
(uhn-TEN-uh-buhl)

UrBANe
(uhr-BEYN)

Gre V oCABULArY

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 U
incapable of being defended (describing an
argument or belief); unsuitable for occupation
The more eviden e we gathered, the more
learly we saw how untenable our original
hypothesis was, and it took us several months
to devise another one.
Synonyms: illogical, indefensible, unsound

polite, polished, or elegant in manner

When I was new to the ity and una ustomed
to sophisti ated onversation, I was thoroughly
intimidated by his urbane wit.
Synonyms: civilized, cultured, elegant, refined,
sophisticated
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 396 ]

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 V
VAC LLAte
(VA-suh-leyt)

VACUoUs
(VA-kyuh-wuhs)

Gre V oCABULArY

VAp d
(VA-puhd)

[ 397 ]

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 V
to sway or fluctuate; to waver in feeling or
hesitate in making a decision
Roberta vacillated for so long that by the time
she de ided to go to the show, the ti kets
were all sold out.
Synonyms: oscillate, stagger, swing; alternate,
hedge, pause

empty, lacking ideas or seriousness, idle

I’ve been known on o asion to indulge in
those ridi ulous paperba k roman es—the
more vacuous, the better.
Synonyms: foolish, inane, purposeless, silly,
stupid

lacking energy or flavor

Gre

The onversation at the dinner party that night

was as vapid as the tasteless meal.
Gre
V oCABULA

Synonyms: dull, flat, insipid, tedious

Vo CABULArY
rY

[ 398 ]

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 V

VAr eGAted
(VER-ee-uh-gey-tuhd)

VeNerAte
(VE-nuh-reyt)

Gre V oCABULArY

VerAC tY
(vuh-RA-suh-tee)

[ 399 ]

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 V
marked by a variety of colors; varied
I love the variegated lands ape in autumn.
Synonyms: kaleidoscopic, motley, mottled;
assorted, diverse, mixed

to regard with reverence, to honor

The basketball star was venerated by the iti-
zens of the small town where he grew up.
Synonyms: revere, worship

truthfulness or accuracy
She was a s rupulous journalist, and when she
ould not he k the veracity of the laim, she
stru k all mentions of it from her arti le.
Synonyms: authenticity, credibility, honesty
Gre
Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 V

VerBose
(vuhr-BOHS)

VexAt oN
(vek-SEY-shuhn)

V ABLe
(VAHY-uh-buhl)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 V
tending to use more words than necessary,
wordy
Warren tends to write verbose e-mails that
nobody in the ompany has the time to read.
Synonyms: garrulous, long-winded, loquacious

the act of troubling or agitating; the state of

being troubled or agitated
To be alive is to experien e ve ation; you will
be happier if you a ept that you will en ounter
annoyan es.
Synonyms: annoyance, irritation, nuisance

capable of living, growing, and developing;

able to function properly
Though the idea was brilliant, it also involved
Gre

a greater expense than was viable, given our

budget at the time.
Gre

Synonyms: functioning; feasible, possible,

V oCABULA

practicable, reasonable, workable

Vo CABULArY
rY

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 V

V G LANt
(VI-juh-luhnt)

V L fY
(VI-luh-fahy)

V rtUoso
Gre V oCABULArY

(vir-choo-OH-soh)

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 V
alert, watchful
Tourists must be vigilant when walking
through that part of town, as the lo als there
tend to be espe ially hostile toward foreigners.
Synonyms: attentive, guarded, wary

to slander
How dare you vilify my name in the news-
paper when you are the one who has been
squandering ity funds.
Synonyms: attack, censure, defame, denigrate,
disparage

(n.) one who excels at an art

Pi asso was a virtuoso who ontinuously ex-
plored different styles, materials, and themes.
Gre

Synonyms: genius, master, prodigy

Gre

(adj.) displaying excellence

V oCABULA

The audien e erupted in applause for the pian-

Vo CABULArY

ist’s virtuoso performan e of the Liszt étude.

Synonyms: masterful, skilled
rY

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 V

V rULeNt
(VIR-uh-lunt)

V sCoUs
(VIS-kuhs)

V tUperAt Ve
Gre V oCABULArY

(vi-TOO-puh-ruh-tiv)

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 V
poisonous, highly infective, or deadly;
malicious or harsh
The 1918 influenza virus was espe ially virulent,
resulting in a pandemi that killed some 50 million
people.
Synonyms: destructive, noxious; hostile, spiteful

adhesive, sticky, thick (describing a liquid)

This varnish is viscous when applied and dries
to a hard gloss in just a few hours.
Synonyms: gelatinous, gummy

characterized by harsh or abusive language

The vituperative editorial put the mayor on
the defensive.
Gre

Synonyms: abusive, derisive, scolding

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 V

VoGUe
(vohg)

VoLAt Le
(VO-luh-tl)

VorAC oUs
(vaw-REY-shuhs)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 V
something that is in fashion, currently popular,
or favored
If there was ever a time when Mrs. Henderson’s
hairstyle was in vogue, it was long before any
of us was born.
Synonyms: fashion, mode, popularity

evaporating easily; explosive, changeable

Fearing the substitute tea her’s volatile tem-
per, the hildren were quiet and obedient.
Synonyms: gaseous; capricious, unstable

having a large appetite, insatiable

The film festival briefly satisfied their voracious
appetite for new movies.
Gre

Synonyms: avid, gluttonous, ravenous

Gre
V oCABULA
Vo CABULArY
rY

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 w
wArrANted
(WAW-ruhn-tuhd)

wArY
(WER-ee)

wAVer
(WEY-vuhr)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 w
justified
Your angry outburst at the hild was simply not
warranted; he is only two years old and simply
does not know any better.
Synonyms: authorized, sanctioned

cautious, watchful, on guard

Our at is wary of visitors, often hiding when
they first arrive.
Synonyms: attentive, vigilant

to sway back and forth; to become unsteady,

shake, or tremble; to vacillate in making a
decision or in opinion
In the twenty-first mile of the marathon, she
wavered in her determination to omplete the
Gre

ra e, but the spe tators heered her on.

Gre

Synonyms: flutter, wobble; alternate, fluctuate

VoVo
CABULArY
CABULArY

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 w/
z

weLter
(WEL-tuhr)

wh ms CAL
(HWIM-zi-kuhl)

zeALoUs
(ZE-luhs)
Gre V oCABULArY

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 w/
z

(v.) to roll or toss, as in waves; to wallow or

become immersed or involved
The hildren weltered about in the piles of
fallen leaves.
Synonyms: heave, tumble
(n.) a state of disorder, a jumble
The he k was lost in the welter of books and
papers that luttered her desk.
Synonyms: confusion, tormoil

full of whims, characterized by sudden and

eccentric ideas
She designs fabri s with whimsical patterns
that are suitable for hildren’s lothing.
Synonyms: fanciful, playful, wayward
Gre

characterized by passionate loyalty and zeal

Gre

for a person or idea

VoVo

A zealous fan of the handsome young ro k

CABULArY

star, she traveled from ity to ity to see him

perform.
CABULArY

Synonyms: ardent, dedicated, devoted,

impassioned

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