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Cell Division Lecture

This document summarizes the key stages and differences between mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is somatic cell division that produces two daughter cells identical to the parent cell. It includes interphase consisting of G1, S, and G2 periods, and the phases of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Meiosis is sex cell division that produces four haploid daughter cells. It involves two divisions, Meiosis I and Meiosis II, including homologous chromosome separation in Anaphase I and sister chromatid separation in Anaphase II.

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61 views7 pages

Cell Division Lecture

This document summarizes the key stages and differences between mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is somatic cell division that produces two daughter cells identical to the parent cell. It includes interphase consisting of G1, S, and G2 periods, and the phases of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Meiosis is sex cell division that produces four haploid daughter cells. It involves two divisions, Meiosis I and Meiosis II, including homologous chromosome separation in Anaphase I and sister chromatid separation in Anaphase II.

Uploaded by

Rem Albarn
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cell Division Lecture

Types of Cell
1. Somatic Cells
- refer to all body cells except the sex cells
- contain diploid (2n) number or chromosomes
- undergo mitosis
2. Sex cells
- refer to the gametes
- contain haploid (n) of chromosomes
- undergo meiosis
Cell cycle
Interphase
- the preparatory stage for mitosis
- the nucleus is clearly visible with one or more distinct nucleoli
- chromosomes appear as irregular-granular form, thus cannot be recognized
- consists of G1, S, and G2
G1 period
- growth of the cell
- RNA and protein synthesis take place
- building of new protoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles
- enzymes necessary for DNA synthesis are synthesized

S period
- most critical period
- DNA synthesis takes place
- RNA synthesis continue
- centriole reproduction begins
G2 period
- completion of DNA synthesis and replication
- continuation of RNA and protein synthesis
- prepares the cell to undergo mitosis
Mitosis
- somatic cell division
- a process that produces two daughter cells with the same quantity and quality of
chromosomes as the parent cell
- also called duplication division
- quickly followed by the division of the cytoplasm

Prophase
- the phase of preparation
- occupies almost 1/3 of mitosis
- chromosomes appear as thin threads and becoming shorter and thicker
- each chromosome is visible as two chromatids held together by the centromere
- chromosomes move toward the equator of the cell
- centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell
- nucleolus no longer visible
- nuclear membrane start to disappear
- mitotic apparatus are nearly formed
Metaphase
- double-stranded chromosomes are aligned at the equator
- centromeres of each chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers
- mitotic apparatus completely formed
- nuclear membrane completely disappeared

Anaphase
- the phase of migration
- sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell
- cytokinesis begins (cell plate in plant cell, cleavage furrow in animal cell)
Telophase
- the phase of reconstruction
- daughter chromosomes finally reached the opposite poles of the cell
- chromosomes begin to become longer, thinner and less distinct
- centrioles are replicated
- nucleolus reappears
- new nuclear membranes form
- mitotic apparatus disappears
- cytokinesis completed resulting into two daughter cells with the same quantity and
quality of chromosomes as the parent cell
Meiosis
- sex cell division
- a process that produces four daughter cells with haploid number of chromosomes as the
parent cell
- also called reduction division
- involves two successive divisions- Meiosis I and Meiosis II

Prophase I
- occupies the longest duration of meiosis
- where synapsis and crossing over take place

Metaphase I
- homologous chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the cell
- spindle apparatus is completely formed

Anaphase I
- homologous chromosomes separate and migrate toward the opposite poles of the cell
- the centromeres do not divide

Telophase I
- the chromatids reach the poles of the cell
- new nuclear membranes may form
- new nucleolus may form
- cytokinesis occurs resulting into 2 daughter cells with haploid number of chromosomes

Prophase II
- the chromatids become thicker and shorter
Metaphase II
- the centromeres of each chromatids are directed to the equator of the cell

Anaphase II
- sister chromatids separate and migrate toward the opposite poles of the cell

Telophase II
- new nuclear membranes may form
- cytokinesis occurs resulting daughter cells with the same haploid number of chromosomes
- the chromosomes uncoil and become thinner and invisible again

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