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Al Mahdi High Schools: Mathematics - Grade Name: - . - . - . S.S-1.2

The document is about absolute value and intervals. It contains: 1) Examples of using absolute value to find distances on a number line from points to the origin. 2) Definitions of absolute value including the geometric definition as the distance from zero and the algebraic definition. 3) Properties of absolute values such as |x| = |-x| and how absolute values relate addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and squares. 4) How absolute value inequalities can be written as interval and double inequality forms. 5) Examples of absolute value inequalities and their interpretations on the number line.

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2K views4 pages

Al Mahdi High Schools: Mathematics - Grade Name: - . - . - . S.S-1.2

The document is about absolute value and intervals. It contains: 1) Examples of using absolute value to find distances on a number line from points to the origin. 2) Definitions of absolute value including the geometric definition as the distance from zero and the algebraic definition. 3) Properties of absolute values such as |x| = |-x| and how absolute values relate addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and squares. 4) How absolute value inequalities can be written as interval and double inequality forms. 5) Examples of absolute value inequalities and their interpretations on the number line.

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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Al Mahdi High Schools Mathematics 10th-Grade

(Al-Hadath)
Name: . . . . . ." Absolute Value & Intervals" S.S-1.2

A- Introduction:
Consider the following number line:
1- Find the abscissas of the above points.
……………………………………………………………………………………
2- Determine the distances between the given points and origin.
……………………………………………………………………………………
3- Denote by x A & xB (read absolute values of x A & xB ) the distances OA & OB respectively
then Compare:
a. Abscissas of the points A & B.
…………………………………………………………………….
b. Distances of the points A & B from the origin O.
…………………………………………………………………….
4- What do you conclude?
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
5- What does xD mean? …………………………………………………………….
6- Compare: xD & xD . ………………………………………………………………
7- What do you conclude? ………………………………………………………….
B- Definition and Terminology of Absolute value:
i- Geometric definition of x :
We define the absolute value of a number as the distance of a number from zero.
Absolute valueSign


Argument of
absolute value

ii- Algebraic definition of x :


x if x  0  xitself if xis positive
 
x   x if x  0 Meaning the answer is opposite of xif xis negative
0 if x  0  zeroif xis zero.
 
Ex1 :Writethe following without absolutevalue sign :
a ) 2  .... b) 3  ....
c) 5  2  .... d) 2  3  ....

10th Grade. Mathematics S.S-1.2. Absolute value Page 1 of 4


Again, let us consider the following number line

As you noticed from the above axis that the distance: OA  3 units , OC  6 units & OD  5units
Whereas the abscissas of: A(3), C (6)& D(5).

Conclusions:
Fill in the blanks with most suitable words: (never negative, can be negative, how far, where to)
1- Since|𝑥 − 0| represents distance of a point of abscissa x from origin and distance is never
negative then absolute value is ………………………………………………………….....
2- Since distance asks how far then absolute value also asks ………………………………...

This means that not only | 3 | = 3 but, also that | –3 | = 3 remember absolute value measures distance.
Ex2: Consider the points M , N & P so that OM  1cm, ON  3cm & OP  5cm .
a) What does 𝑂𝑁 represent? ……………………..
b) Detect the possible positions of the above points.
c) Find the values of x the abscissa of:
i. M if, OM  x ………………………………………………………
ii. 𝑃 if, 𝑂𝑃 = |𝑥| ………………………………………………………
It is important to note that the absolute value bars do NOT work in the same way as parentheses do.
Ex3: Simplify
(5)  5, this is NOT how it works for absolute value:
 5    5   First handle inside the absolute value part
 5  Then workout the parentheses and outside absolute value
No. Simplify Your answer
1. 2  2  5
2. 2  2  3(4  5)
2 35
2
3.

10th Grade. Mathematics S.S-1.2. Absolute value Page 2 of 4


C- Properties of absolute values
Prop. Algebraically In words
1. x  x A number and its opposite in absolute value are equal.
2. x x A number is always less than or equal to its absolute value
x  y Two numbers in absolute values are equal is means that these

3. x  y  or numbers are equal or a number is equal to the opposite of the
x   y other and vice versa.

x y  x  y The product of two numbers in absolute is equal to the


4.
product of their absolutes

x x The quotient of two numbers in absolute is equal to the


5.  s.t y  0. quotient of their absolutes so that the denominator is different
y y than zero.
a. x y  x  y

6. b. x y  x  y. Triangular inequalities
c. x y  x  y
A number squared is equal to its square in absolute value is
x2  x2  x .
2
7.
equal to its absolute value squared.
8. x2  x The square root of number is equal to its absolute value.

Discuss the following:


Part Statement Short solution with justification
Compare
1. 2 x & x2
2. Solve x  3
Interpret
3. x 3
Interpret
4. x5 7

10th Grade. Mathematics S.S-1.2. Absolute value Page 3 of 4


D- Absolute values and inequalities:
If r is any real number that belongs to the set of real numbers ℝ then we can write:
The absolute values In interval form as In double inequality form as
x r x  [r;  r ] r  x   r
x r x ]  r ;  r[ r  x   r
x r x ]  ; r ]  [ r ; [ x   r OR x  r
x r x ]  ; r[]  r ; [ x   r OR x   r
xa r x  [a  r; a  r ] ar xar
xa r x ]  ; a  r ]  [a  r ; [ x  a  r OR x  a  r
xa r x ]  ; a  r[]a  r ; [ x  a  r OR x  a  r

Absolute
values Meaning in words On number line
The distance between a point M ( x) and O (0) is
x r
less than or equal r
The distance between a point M ( x) and N (a )
xa r
is strictly greater than r
The distance between a point M ( x) and N (a )
xa r
is less than or equal r

E- Important examples:
x  5 is impossible for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
x  3 is true for all 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
x  7 means x  [7; 7] or  7  x  7.
x  9 means x ]  ; 9]  [9; [ or  x  9 & x  9 

10th Grade. Mathematics S.S-1.2. Absolute value Page 4 of 4

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