NERVI KRANIALIS

PENGERTIAN
Nervus Kranialis (saraf kranialis / Nervi Craniales) adalah saraf-
saraf yang keluar langsung dari otak dan batang otak. Pada manusia,
terdapat 12 pasang Nervus Kranialis, yaitu:

DASAR TEORI
No. Name Sensory, Origin/Targ Function
motor, or et
both
I Olfactory Purely Telencephalo Transmits the sense of smell
sensory n from the nasal cavity.[13]
Located in the olfactory
foramina in the cribriform plate
of the ethmoid bone.
II Optic Sensory Retinal Transmits visual signals from
ganglion the retina of the eye to the
cells brain.[14] Located in the optic
canal.
III Oculomotor Mainly Anterior Innervates the levator palpebrae
motor aspect of superioris, superior rectus,
Midbrain medial rectus, inferior rectus,
and inferior oblique, which
collectively perform most eye
movements. Also innervates the
sphincter pupillae and the
muscles of the ciliary body.
Located in the superior orbital
fissure.
IV Trochlear motor Dorsal aspect Innervates the superior oblique
of Midbrain muscle, which depresses,
rotates laterally, and intorts the
eyeball. Located in the superior
orbital fissure.
V Trigeminal Both sensory Pons Receives sensation from the
and motor face and innervates the muscles
of mastication. Located in the;
superior orbital fissure
(ophthalmic nerve - V1),
foramen rotundum (maxillary
nerve - V2),foramen ovale
(mandibular nerve - V3).
VI Abducens Mainly Nuclei lying Innervates the lateral rectus,
motor under the which abducts the eye. Located
floor of the in the superior orbital fissure.
fourth
ventricle
Pons
VII Facial Both sensory Pons Provides motor innervation to
and motor (cerebellopo the muscles of facial
ntine angle) expression, posterior belly of
above olive the digastric muscle, stylohyoid
muscle, and stapedius muscle.
 Also receives the special sense
of taste from the anterior 2/3 of
the tongue and provides
secretomotorinnervation to the
salivary glands (except parotid)
and the lacrimal gland. Located
in and runs through the internal
acoustic canal to the facial
canal and exits at the
stylomastoid foramen.
VIII Vestibulococ Mostly Lateral to Mediates sensation of sound,
hlear (also sensory CN VII rotation, and gravity (essential
auditory,acou (cerebellopo for balance and movement).
stic, or ntine angle) More specifically, the vestibular
auditory- branch carries impulses for
vestibular) equilibrium and the cochlear
branch carries impulses for
hearing. Located in the internal
acoustic canal.
IX Glossophary Both sensory Medulla Receives taste from the
ngeal and motor posterior 1/3 of the tongue,
provides secretomotor
innervation to the parotid gland,
and provides motor innervation
to the stylopharyngeus. Some
sensation is also relayed to the
brain from the palatine tonsils.
Located in the jugular foramen.
This nerve is involved together
with the vagus nerve in the gag
reflex.

X Vagus Both sensory Posterolatera Supplies

and motor l sulcus of branchiomotorinnervation to
Medulla most laryngeal and pharyngeal
muscles (except the
stylopharyngeus, which is
innervated by the
glossopharyngeal). Also
provides parasympathetic fibers
to nearly all thoracic and
abdominal viscera down to the
splenic flexure. Receives the
special sense of taste from the
epiglottis. A major function:
controls muscles for voice and
 resonance and the soft palate.
Symptoms of
damage:dysphagia (swallowing
problems), velopharyngeal
insufficiency. Located in the
jugular foramen. This nerve is
involved (together with nerve
IX) in the pharyngeal reflex or
gag reflex.
XI Accessory Mainly Cranial and Controls the
motor Spinal Roots sternocleidomastoid and
trapezius muscles, and overlaps
with functions of the vagus
nerve (CN X). Symptoms of
damage: inability to shrug,
weak head movement. Located
in the jugular foramen.
XII Hypoglossal Mainly Medulla Provides motor innervation to
motor the muscles of the tongue
(except for the palatoglossal
muscle, which is innervated by
the vagus nerve) and other
glossal muscles. Important for
swallowing (bolus formation)
and speech articulation. Passes
through the hypoglossal canal.