sor2018 Roof Trussas: Components, Types and Load | Construction | Civil Engineering Roof Trusses: Components, Types and Load | Construction | Civil Engineering Article shared by Katyayani Roof trusses become necessary when sloping roofs have to be provided. At places of heavy rainfall or heavy snowfall sloping roofs are necessary which have to be supported by roof trusses. Workshops warehouses, industrial buildings etc. also need sloping roofs and hence roof trusses. For many single storey buildings sloping roofs on trusses are ‘common. When a roof is to be provided for a building which does not have interior supports and the exterior walls are more than 12 m apart, a roof truss will be a convenient arrangement to support the roof. Components of a Steel Roof Truss: A roof truss consists essentially of the following components: () Upper chord members. (ii) Bottom chord members. (ii) Web members. The upper most line of members which extend from ‘one support to the other through the apex is called the upper chord, where as the bottom chord consists of the lowermost line of members extending from one ‘support to the other. In trusses simply supported at the ends, the members in the top chord are subjected to ‘compression and the members of the bottom chord are subjected to tension. But in cantilever trusses, the top chord members will be in tension and the bottom chord members will be in compression. Usually in simply supported trusses, for the normal loadings, the top and bottom chord members near the support carry greater forces. hitp:lwww enginesringenotes.comicivi-engineeringroottrussesitoof-tusses-components‘ypes-and-load-construction-cvitengineeringi38272_ 125sorrn0%8 Roof Trusses: Components, Types and Load | Canstnton | Civil Engineering The top and the bottom chord members are connected by vertical or diagonal members called web members. The joints at which the web members are connected to the chords are called panel points. The joint at the support is called the heel joint while the joint at the ridge is called the peak joint. Tension members are called ties while compression members are called struts. The truss provides an easy means to transmit the loads through the reactions to the walls or supporting columns. The distance between the supporting end joints of a truss is called its span. When supported on walls, the distance between the centres of bearings is considered as the span. When framed into columns the distance between the column faces is regarded as the span. The rise of the truss is the vertical distance between the apex and the line joining the supports. The ratio of the rise to the span is called the pitch. The pitch and slope for various inclinations of roofs are given below: Sipe “tno of maf | 1 ron | When the rise is not more than 1 vertical to 6 horizontal the roof is called a flat roof. If the rise exceeds the above limit the roof is called a pitched roof. As far as possible steep pitches are to be avoided since they will have to resist greater wind pressure. Moreover truss members become longer, particularly the compression members, if made longer can carry only low stresses depending on their slenderness ratio, Thus compression members will have to be of heavy sections. hitp:iwww engineeringenotes.comicivi-engineeringroottrussesitof-tusses-components‘ypes-and-load-construction-cvitengineeringI38272_ 2125sor2018 Roof Trussas: Components, Types and Load | Construction | Civil Engineering sono cad {oe rete i The portion of the truss lying between two consecutive joints is called a panel. The portion of the roof contained between successive trusses is called a bay. The member spanning from truss to truss which is meant to carry the load of the roofing material and to transfer it on the panel points is called a purlin, Hence the length of the purlin is equal to the width of the bay, i.e, the spacing of the trusses. The various components of the truss are shown in I nm (A BAN rh A PRR Types of Trusses: The king post truss is mainly adopted for short spans (less than 6 m). Itis usually built of wood completely or of wood combined with steel. Steel rods are used as tension members. hitp:www enginesringenotes.comicivi-engineeringroottrses/toof-tusses-components‘ypes-and-load-construction-cvitengineeringI38272_ 3/25