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Differential Liberation Test PDF

The document summarizes the differential liberation (vaporization) test, which is used to better describe the separation process that takes place in reservoirs. The test involves reducing the pressure in a visual PVT cell containing a reservoir oil sample in steps and removing the liberated gas at each step. Calculations are then performed to determine properties of the liberated gas and remaining oil as functions of pressure, including the differential oil formation volume factor (Bod) and differential solution gas-oil ratio (Rsd). While Bod and Rsd curves resemble traditional properties, they are specific to the test and must not be used in place of actual reservoir properties in calculations.

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347 views19 pages

Differential Liberation Test PDF

The document summarizes the differential liberation (vaporization) test, which is used to better describe the separation process that takes place in reservoirs. The test involves reducing the pressure in a visual PVT cell containing a reservoir oil sample in steps and removing the liberated gas at each step. Calculations are then performed to determine properties of the liberated gas and remaining oil as functions of pressure, including the differential oil formation volume factor (Bod) and differential solution gas-oil ratio (Rsd). While Bod and Rsd curves resemble traditional properties, they are specific to the test and must not be used in place of actual reservoir properties in calculations.

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Simone San
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Reservoir Fluid Properties Course (2nd Ed.

)
1. Laboratory Analysis
2. Laboratory Experiments
A. Constant-Composition Expansion
1. Other Laboratory Experiments:
Differential Liberation (Vaporization) Test
Differential Liberation (Vaporization)
Test
In the differential liberation process,
the solution gas
that is liberated from an oil sample
during a decline in pressure
is continuously removed from contact with the oil,
and
before establishing equilibrium with the liquid phase.
This type of liberation is characterized
by a varying composition of
the total hydrocarbon system.

Fall 13 H. AlamiNia Reservoir Fluid Properties Course (2nd Ed.) 5


Differential Liberation experimental
data
The experimental data obtained from the test
include:
Amount of gas in solution as a function of pressure
The shrinkage in the oil volume as a function of pressure
Properties of the evolved gas including
the composition of the liberated gas,
the gas compressibility factor,
and the gas specific gravity
Density of the remaining oil as a function of pressure

Fall 13 H. AlamiNia Reservoir Fluid Properties Course (2nd Ed.) 6


differential liberation test goals
The differential liberation test is considered
to better describe the separation process
taking place in the reservoir and
to simulate the flowing behavior of hydrocarbon systems
at conditions above the critical gas saturation.
As the saturation of the liberated gas
reaches the critical gas saturation,
the liberated gas begins to flow,
leaving behind the oil that originally contained it.
• This is attributed to the fact that gases have,
in general, higher mobility than oils.
o Consequently,
this behavior follows the differential liberation sequence.

Fall 13 H. AlamiNia Reservoir Fluid Properties Course (2nd Ed.) 7


Differential vaporization Procedure
The test is carried out
on reservoir oil samples and
involves charging a visual PVT cell with a liquid sample
at the bubble-point pressure and at reservoir temperature.
the pressure is reduced in steps,
usually 10 to 15 pressure levels, and all the liberated gas is
removed and its volume is measured at standard conditions.
The volume of oil remaining VL
is also measured at each pressure level.
It should be noted that
the remaining oil is subjected
to continual compositional changes
as it becomes progressively richer in the heavier components.
Fall 13 H. AlamiNia Reservoir Fluid Properties Course (2nd Ed.) 8
Differential vaporization test

Fall 13 H. AlamiNia Reservoir Fluid Properties Course (2nd Ed.) 9


Calculation of Bod
The above procedure
is continued to atmospheric pressure
where the volume of the residual (remaining) oil
is measured and converted to a volume at 60°F, Vsc.
The differential oil formation volume factors Bod
(commonly called the relative oil volume factors)
at all the various pressure levels are calculated
by dividing the recorded oil volumes VL
by the volume of residual oil Vsc, or:

Fall 13 H. AlamiNia Reservoir Fluid Properties Course (2nd Ed.) 11


Calculation of Rsd & Btd
The differential solution gas-oil ratio Rsd
is also calculated by
dividing the volume of gas in solution
by the residual oil volume.
The relative total volume Btd
from differential liberation calculated from:
Btd = relative total volume, bbl/STB
Bg = gas formation volume factor, bbl/scf

Fall 13 H. AlamiNia Reservoir Fluid Properties Course (2nd Ed.) 12


Calculation of z & Bg
The gas deviation z-factor
of the liberated (removed) solution gas
at the specific pressure is calculated from the
recorded gas volume measurements as:

V = volume of the liberated gas in the PVT cell at p and T


Vsc = volume of the removed gas at standard
The gas formation volume factor Bg, ft3/scf :

p = cell pressure, psia; Tsc = standard temperature, °R;


psc = standard pressure, psia; T = temperature, °R
Fall 13 H. AlamiNia Reservoir Fluid Properties Course (2nd Ed.) 13
Sample Differential Liberation Data

Fall 13 H. AlamiNia Reservoir Fluid Properties Course (2nd Ed.) 14


Misuse of Bod & Rsd
Moses (1986) pointed out that
reporting the experimental data
in relation to the residual oil volume at 60°F
gives the relative oil volume Bod and
that the differential gas-oil ratio Rsd curves
the appearance of
the oil formation volume factor Bo and
the solution gas solubility Rs curves,
leading to their misuse in reservoir calculations.

Fall 13 H. AlamiNia Reservoir Fluid Properties Course (2nd Ed.) 15


flash or separator process
It should be pointed out that
the differential liberation test represents
the behavior of the oil
in the reservoir as the pressure declines.
We must find
a way of bringing this oil to the surface
through separators and into the stock tank.
This process is a flash or separator process.

Fall 13 H. AlamiNia Reservoir Fluid Properties Course (2nd Ed.) 16


1. Ahmed, T. (2010). Reservoir engineering
handbook (Gulf Professional Publishing).
Chapter 3

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