0% found this document useful (0 votes)
515 views137 pages

City of Toronto - Accessibility - Design - Guidelines

The accessibility design guidelines for the City of Toronto

Uploaded by

edwinMingg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
515 views137 pages

City of Toronto - Accessibility - Design - Guidelines

The accessibility design guidelines for the City of Toronto

Uploaded by

edwinMingg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 137

CITY OF TORONTO

ACCESSIBILITY DESIGN GUIDELINES

Diversity Our Strength


Contact us:

Diversity Management and Community Engagement Tel: (416) 392-8592


Strategic and Corporate Policy / Healthy City Office Fax: (416) 696-3645
Chief Administrator’s Office TTY: (416) 339-0889
City Hall, 11th Floor East www.toronto.ca/diversity
100 Queen Street West diversity@toronto.ca
Toronto, ON M5H 2H2

City of Toronto Accessibility Plan:


www.toronto.ca/diversity/accessibilityplan2003

This publication is available in alternative formats.


Message from the Chief Administrative Officer

I am pleased to present to you a new resource tool: the City of Toronto’s Accessibility Design
Guidelines. The Accessibility Design Guidelines can be used by all sectors to conduct accessibility
audits and to plan developments as we work towards making Toronto a "barrier free" community.

Based on the human rights principles of respect, dignity and inclusion, the Guidelines are a key
component of the City’s Accessibility Plan and meet the City’s objectives under its Plan of Action
for the Elimination of Racism and Discrimination. The Guidelines are also in keeping with the
City’s Official Plan which states, "A key city-building principle is that public buildings, parks and
open spaces should be open and accessible to all members of the public."

A multi-year implementation strategy to make City facilities accessible to persons with disabilities
will be provided for City Council’s consideration later this year.

This resource guide is the result of the collaborative effort among community and professional
experts working with City staff and Members of Council. I would like to express my appreciation
to everyone involved in this project.

Shirley Hoy
Chief Administrative Officer

April, 2004
CITY OF TORONTO ACCESSIBILITY
DESIGN GUIDELINES
2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION I - III

PART I: EXTERIOR AREAS

1.1 Exterior Routes


1.1.1 Bridges with Pedestrian Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
1.1.2 Crosswalks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
1.1.3 Curb Ramps/Curb Cuts on Public Right of Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
1.1.4 Grades and Elevation Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
1.1.5 Guards and Handrails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
1.1.6 Lay-Bys for Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
1.1.7 Paths, Sidewalks and Walkways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
1.1.8 Pedestrian Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
1.1.9 Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
1.1.10 Stairs and Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
1.1.11 Traffic Islands on Public Right of Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
1.2 Arrival and Departure Areas
1.2.1 Accessible Routes to Entrances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
1.2.2 Bus/Public Transit Shelters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
1.2.3 Bus Stops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
1.2.4 Emergency Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
1.2.5 Parking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
1.2.6 Passenger Loading Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

1.3 Special Areas and Features


1.3.1 Amphitheatres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
1.3.2 Outdoor Eating and Entertainment Spaces: Balconies and Terraces . .17
1.3.3 Boardwalks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
1.3.4 Campgrounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
1.3.5 Community Mailboxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
1.3.6 Docks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
1.3.7 Grandstands and Viewing Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
1.3.8 Outdoor Swimming Pools and Wading Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
1.3.9 Parks and Parkettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
1.3.10 Play Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
1.3.11 Picnic Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
1.3.12 Sports, Fields, and Spectator Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
1.3.13 Terraces and Patios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
1.3.14 Trails and Footbridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
1.3.15 Viewing Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
1.3.16 Waterfront Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
1.3.17 Wilderness and Conservation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.4 Outdoor Amenities
1.4.1 Benches and Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
1.4.2 Bicycle Racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
1.4.3 Drinking Fountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
1.4.4 Mail Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
1.4.5 Public Showers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
1.4.6 Public Telephones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
1.4.7 Public Washrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
1.4.8 Street Furniture and Vending Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
1.4.9 Waste Receptacles and Recycling Bins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
1.5 Outdoor Support Systems
1.5.1 Crosswalk/Pedestrian Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
1.5.2 Lighting for Exterior Areas not including roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
1.5.3 Public Address Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
1.5.4 Signage and Way-Finding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
1.5.5 Snow-melting and Snow Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
1.5.6 Traffic Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
1.6 Other
1.6.1 Colour and Texture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
1.6.2 Construction Site Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
1.6.3 Freestanding Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
1.6.4 Garbage Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
1.6.5 Gates and Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
1.6.6 Landscape Materials and Planting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
1.6.7 Materials and Finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
1.6.8 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
1.6.9 Obstacle Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
1.6.10 Safety and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
1.6.11 Snow Accumulation and Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

PART II: INDOOR AREAS

2.1 Entrances
2.1.1 Canopies and Weather Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
2.1.2 Doors and Doorways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
2.1.3 Door Hardware, Locks and Closers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
2.1.4 Entrances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
2.1.5 Glazed Screens and Sidelights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
2.1.6 Mats and Mat Sinkages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
2.1.7 Thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
2.1.8 Vestibules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
2.1.9 Waiting Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.2 Interior Routes
2.2.1 Aisles and Passages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
2.2.2 Corridors and Hallways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
2.2.3 Doors and Doorways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
2.2.4 Elevators and Platform Lifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
2.2.5 Interior Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
2.2.6 Safe Holding Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
2.2.7 Stairs and Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
2.2.8 Turnstiles and Control Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
2.3 Interior Amenities
2.3.1 Coat Closets and Coat Racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
2.3.2 Door and Cupboard Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
2.3.3 Drinking Fountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
2.3.4 Equipment and Furniture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
2.3.5 Information and Service Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
2.3.6 Lockers and Baggage Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
2.3.7 Mail Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
2.3.8 Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
2.3.9 Platforms/Daises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
2.3.10 Public Showers and Changing Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
2.3.11 Public Washrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
2.3.12 Vanities and Work Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
2.3.13 Vending Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
2.3.14 Washroom Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
2.3.15 Windows and Window Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
2.4 Interior Systems and Controls
2.4.1 Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
2.4.2 Audible Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
2.4.3 Automatic Door Openers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
2.4.4 Card Access Systems & Security Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
2.4.5 Communication Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
2.4.6 Controls and Operating Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
2.4.7 Electrical Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
2.4.8 Fire/Emergency Systems and Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
2.4.9 Heating, Cooling, and Ventilation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
2.4.10 Information Systems and Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
2.4.11 Artificial Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
2.4.12 Natural Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
2.4.13 Listening Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
2.4.14 Public Address Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
2.4.15 Telephones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
2.4.16 Signage and Way-finding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
2.4.17 Ticketing Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
2.4.18 Video Display Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.5 Special Facilities and Areas
2.5.1 Arenas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
2.5.2 ATM’s / Bank Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
2.5.3 Cafeterias, Restaurants, Dining Areas and Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
2.5.4 Churches and Places of Worship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
2.5.5 Office Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
2.5.6 Clinics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
2.5.7 Community Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
2.5.8 Courthouses and Detention Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
2.5.9 Displays, Exhibition Areas, Galleries, and Museums . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
2.5.10 Gymnasium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
2.5.11 Ice-Rinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
2.5.12 Hospitals and Health Care Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
2.5.13 Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
2.5.14 Long Term Care Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
2.5.15 Meeting Rooms, Assembly Areas, and Theatres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
2.5.16 Recreation Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
2.5.17 Schools and Continuing Education Centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
2.5.18 Seniors Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
2.5.19 Residential Kitchens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
2.5.20 Residential Bathrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100
2.5.21 Residential Bedrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
2.5.22 Shopping Centers and Malls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
2.5.23 Swimming Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
2.5.24 Theatres and Media Display Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
2.5.25 Transit Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
2.6 Other
2.6.1 Texture and Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106
2.6.2 Floor Surfaces/Textures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106
2.6.3 Colour and Tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
2.6.4 Fire and Life Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
2.6.5 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
2.6.6 Materials and Finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
2.6.7 Obstacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
2.6.8 Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
2.6.9 Glare and Light Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Appendix A: Acknowledgements
Appendix B: Definitions
Appendix C: Legislative Overview
Appendix D: Bibliography

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
INTRODUCTION
For many people in Toronto, the City provides an abundance of opportunities and experiences free of
limitations imposed upon them by the built environment. For Torontonians with disabilities, however,
the built environment imposes numerous obstacles that limit their ability to moving about freely and
safely without concern. In June 2000, Toronto City Council adopted a motion to make the City fully
accessible by the year 2008. In October 2000, Council requested staff develop new accessibility design
guidelines and to start an audit of all City-owned buildings.
City Council’s recommendation resulted in the preparation of this coherent set of guidelines. They are
intended to address the needs of people with disabilities with a wide range of impediments that limit their
ability to access their environment that include but are not limited to mobility, sight, hearing or cognitive
disabilities (see also Appendix B: Definitions).
This document presents the City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines and responds to the varying
needs of the disability community. In 2001, 3.6 million Canadians living in households reported having
activity limitations (Statistics Canada, A Profile of Disability in Canada 2001). The survey also indicated
that in 2001, 1.5 million Ontarians had a disability, representing 13.5 per cent of the total 11 million
Ontarians. Disability rate increases with age. The disability rate reported for persons aged 65 and over is
more than 40 per cent and for persons 75 and over is more than 50 per cent. The demographic implications
are obvious and will drive the need for change. In the upcoming decades, the proportion of the population
65 and over will increase dramatically.
Every sector of society and government must provide barrier-free environments. Civic government must
lead the way in providing accessibility through City-owned buildings. The benefits of accessibility are
significant. Aside from responding to the needs of people with disabilities, increasing accessibility leads to
increased opportunities for people with disabilities to access employment and to fully participate in the
social, cultural, recreational, economic and political life of Toronto. Moreover, to compete nationally and
internationally, a barrier-free city can increase tourism and provide a competitive advantage. For instance,
for Toronto’s Olympic bid in 2002, overwhelming pressure for a barrier-free city resulted in the City
committing to make itself barrier-free and accessible. A logical outcome to this commitment was Council
directing staff to develop the City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines.
During the design, planning and construction of accessible spaces and buildings a wide range of
opportunities exist not only to optimize independent access to persons with disabilities but also to
improve access for all. The major objective of the City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines,
which are based on Universal Design principles (see definition in Appendix B), is to provide practical
examples of solutions that optimize accessibility to buildings and other buildings owned or occupied
by the City of Toronto.
The document should guide City staff when considering or developing capital projects. The guidelines will
be a building block in developing future policies, guidelines, standards and other initiatives that serve the
needs of persons with disabilities. The guidelines are in keeping with the Official Plan which states that
"A key city-building principle is that public buildings, parks and open spaces should be open and
accessible to all members of the public including people with disabilities."
By making the City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines available to all sectors of the planning,
design and development industry, the City of Toronto demonstrates its commitment to proactive measures
to eliminate and prevent barriers faced by persons with disabilities.

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S I
INTRODUCTION
GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT
Associated Planning Consultants developed the City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines with
support and direction from the City of Toronto Community Advisory Committee on Disability Issues and
numerous City staff representing various City Departments (see Appendix A: Acknowledgements).
These guidelines consolidate the "best practices" identified during the extensive research on existing
barrier-free standards and guidelines. It also includes some of the requirements of the Ontario Building
Code (OBC 1997, Section 3.8) in accessibility planning and universal design (see definition in Appendix B).
However, the most current version of the Ontario Building Code should be consulted during design and
construction as these legislated minimum requirements may change over time. Exceedences to the Ontario
Building Code (OBC) have been noted as being “recommended” in these guidelines. The Building Division
of Urban Development Services do not have the authority to enforce exceedences beyond the current edition
of the OBC and all other applicable law.

PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES


Accessible design must:
• make approaching, entering and using buildings and structures easier. In this respect, accessible design
must address a wide variety of internal and external building elements;
• provide an equivalent level of life safety for everyone, including methods of leaving a building and
communicating in an emergency;
• emphasize dignity and independence, providing those features that will allow people to function in their
day-to-day activities; and;
• be non-institutional and successfully integrated with a building's function, form and architectural quality.

LEGISLATION AND STANDARDS


The City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines are based primarily on current Canadian federal and
provincial legislation and published standards. Amendments and revisions to legislation and standards will
require corresponding revisions to this document (see also Appendix C: Legislative Overview).

The City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines will be reviewed periodically to incorporate changes
to the legislation, regulations and standards as well as new technologies and information. Where there are
discrepancies between the City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines and other legislation or standards
the most optimum level of accessibility should be used.
Legislation and Standards
• All work must comply with the Ontario Human Rights Code. The Ontario Human Rights Commission
ultimately determines how to apply such concepts as "reasonable accommodation" and "undue
hardship".
• All work must comply with the Ontarians with Disabilities Act (ODA): "An Act to improve the
identification, removal and prevention of barriers faced by persons with disabilities and to make
related amendments to other Acts."
• All work must comply with the most current edition of the Ontario Building Code (OBC) and all other
applicable law. The OBC describes a minimum mandatory level of design standards for accessibility.

II C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
INTRODUCTION
The Ontario Human Rights Code supersedes the Ontario Building Code. As a result, although a provider
has incorporated barrier-free accessibility in accordance to the Ontario Building Code, the Ontario
Human Rights Commission may deem a building not accessible.
• These guidelines incorporate elements of Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Standards CAN/CSA
B651-95 "Barrier-Free Design". Some aspects of these standards describe an optimum level of
accessibility beyond that of the OBC.
Policies and Guidelines
• All work shall comply with the Policy and Guidelines on Disability and the Duty to Accommodate
from the Ontario Human Rights Commission, revised version, November 23, 2000.

The Ontario Human Rights Commission also codifies a number of principles:


• Respect for dignity
• Individualized accommodation
• Integration and full participation

Staff considered these principles key in developing these guidelines.

Of these principles, the respect for dignity and integration and full participation are key to understanding the
need for and impact of accessibility in the built environment. These are described in the Ontario Human
Rights Commission’s The Duty to Accommodate as follows:

"Human dignity encompasses individual self-respect and self-worth. It is considered physical and
psychological integrity and empowerment. It is harmed when individuals are marginalized, stigmatized,
ignored or devalued. Privacy, confidentiality, comfort, autonomy, individuality and self-esteem are
important factors as well as to whether an accommodation maximizes integration and promotes full
participation in society.

With these principles in mind, achieving integration and full participation for persons with disabilities
requires barrier-free and inclusive designs and removal of barriers. Preventing and removing barriers
means persons with disabilities should be able to access their environment and face the same duties and
requirements as everyone else with dignity and without impediment. Where barriers continue to exist
because it is impossible to remove those barriers at a given point in time, then accommodation should
be provided to the extent possible, short of undue hardship."

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S III
PART I:
EXTERIOR AREAS
PART 1: EXTERIOR AREAS

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES EXTERIOR AREAS

POLICY: located so that the sidewalk temporary objects such as


and the crosswalk are at pots, boxes and garbage
All pedestrian routes should right angles to one another. containers. (See Section
be safe and easy to use by a All such pedestrian routes 1.5.6 Traffic Signals and
wide range of persons with should be free of obstacles, Figure 69)
disabilities. Generally, such such as light standards,
routes should be easily traffic signal supports, posts
identifiable, clearly separated or catch basins as well as
from vehicular routes, and
free of obstacles at all times
of the year.
1.1.1 Bridges with
Pedestrian Access
• Pedestrian sidewalks located
on either side of bridges,
should have slopes no greater
than 1:20 (5%), and cross
slopes no greater than 1:50,
or (2%), wherever possible.
• No sidewalk on a bridge
should be less than 1220 mm
wide where minimal
pedestrian traffic is expected,
and a minimum of 1525 mm
wide where frequent
pedestrian is anticipated SAFETY FEATURES FOR PERSONS WHO ARE VISUALLY IMPAIRED

(e.g., two-way pedestrian Figure 1


traffic).
• Handrails or guards located
beside sidewalks should be
ROADWAY
easy to grasp at 50 mm wide
(maximum) and mounted at
SIDEWALK
a suitable height.
(See Figure 1)
3000 mm
• It is recommended that MIN.

pedestrian footbridges have


ramp access rather than
stairways. SIDEWALK

1.1.2 Crosswalks
NOTE: DOUBLE LINES ARE USED AT
3000 mm
• Wherever possible, ROADWAY MIN.
PEDESTRIAN CROSSWALKS
NOT AT INTERSECTIONS.
crosswalks at roadway
intersections should be
Figure 2

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 3
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES
• Crosswalks should have 1.1.3 Curb Ramps/Curb Cuts • Curb transitions to have
suitable curb ramps at each on Public Right of Way a minimum length of
end of the walkway where 1500 mm to provide safer
sidewalks are provided, or • Curb ramps should be sidewalk ramp transition
wherever level differences provided wherever there slopes. (See Figure 5)
of more than 19 mm occur. is a level difference between
(See Figure 2) the sidewalk, or pedestrian
pathway, and the road
• Intermediate traffic islands surface at all street corners,
should include appropriate or wherever pedestrian
curb ramps or, in the area of crosswalks are provided.
crosswalks, be level with (See Figure 4)
street paving. Such level
areas should be clearly
marked by white lines and/or
distinctive highly contrasting PUSH
BUTTON BUILDING ENTRANCE
paving.
SIDEWALK

• Crosswalks should be at least


3000 mm wide and clearly
ROADWAY
marked by 100 mm painted
white lines, or by using
distinctive, highly
contrasting paving materials.
• Pedestrian crosswalks ROADWAY
located between intersections
should include appropriate
curb ramps at each end, and
be located so that there is a SIDEWALK PUSH BUILDING ENTRANCE
clear view of traffic, in BUTTON

each direction, and


sufficient distance from Figure 3
the intersection to permit
a safe crossing.
• Wherever traffic lights or
pedestrian crossovers (PXO)
RAMP RAMP TRANSITION
are provided, a clearly
identifiable pedestrian push CURB TRANSITION
button should be located
adjacent to the crosswalk and
mounted on a nearby post at SIDEWALK
2000 mm
a height of 1065 mm. Paving
should be level at posts,
providing at least 915 mm
X 1220 mm clear approach
area for pedestrians. ROAD
1500 mm 1500 mm 1500 mm
(See Figures 3 and 69) CURB DEPRESSION
Figure 4

4 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES EXTERIOR AREAS

• Curb ramps should be a • It is recommended to have Whenever possible, this


minimum of 1500 mm wide a clear and level landing level area should be 1500 mm
when the ramp is located on minimum of 1065 mm deep.(See Figure 5)
a public thoroughfare, have deep, which should be
flared, non-slip sides, and provided at the top of curb
be of a clearly different, ramps in order to allow
cane detectable texture (e.g., turning (left or right) of
incised lines, 13 mm deep on mobility aids.
100 mm centres in poured in
place concrete), from the
surrounding sidewalk at right
angles to the path of travel.
(See Figure 5)
1500 mm
• As an aid to persons with SIDEWALK
visual limitations, curb 1500 mm

ramps should be finished at FLARED SIDE


1065 mm 1500 mm
the lower edge with a
cane detectable rounded edge RAMP TRANSITION
of 13 mm in height and
where possible, be in a
contrasting colour to the road ROADWAY
2000 mm

surface and also be of a


different textured material DETECTABLE
WARNING
to allow easy identification. CURB DEPRESSION
SURFACE
(See Figure 6) CURB TRANSITION

• Generally, curb ramps should Figure 5


be located so that they
are free of accumulated
rainwater or melting snow,
and contain no manhole
covers, storm gratings, or
other obstacles that limit SIDEWALK
free movement. Where catch
PLANTING OR OTHER
basins are necessary, they NON-WALKING SURFACE
should be positioned on
the upstream side of the
crosswalk.

ROADWAY

DETECTABLE
WARNING
SURFACE

Figure 6

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 5
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES
1.1.4 Grades and Elevation 1.1.5 Guards and Handrails • Handrails should be of a
Changes smooth, easy to grip design,
• Continuous handrails should no more than 50 mm in
• Wherever possible, grades be provided on both sides diameter; and mounted
on roads and sidewalks of all ramps or stairs, or between 865 mm and
should be designed so that wherever three or more 965 mm (above stair
the slope of pedestrian routes steps are provided. nosings).
does not exceed 1:20. (See Figures 9 and 10)
• Wherever possible,
accessible paths of travel
should have a minimum
number of curb cuts to keep
sidewalk as level as possible.
• Where elevation changes
greater than 1:20 are
necessary, and/or where
865-915 mm
steps are unavoidable,
properly designed ramps
suitable for persons using
mobility aids must be
provided in close proximity. 150 mm

• Where steeply sloping


landscaped areas are located
adjacent to pedestrian routes
and where slope exceeds 3:1
(horizontal to vertical), a Figure 7
clear boundary edge; such as
an up-stand curb or retaining
wall, (minimum 150 mm
high) is desirable as a
locational aid for persons
who have visual limitations.
(See Figures 7 and 8)
• Where the grade drop-off
50-100 mm
adjacent to the sidewalk is
460 mm or more, a handrail
or guard is recommended as 915 mm
MIN.
an aid to persons with visual
limitations. (See Figure 8)

300 mm
460 mm

Figure 8

6 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES EXTERIOR AREAS

• A level section of handrail • Lay-by headroom should be • Sidewalks adjacent to lay-by


should extend a minimum of a recommended minimum headroom should be a
300 mm beyond the top and clearance of 3555 mm for recommended minimum
bottom risers of all flights of special transit vehicle and clearance of 1980 mm wide,
stairs or ramps. (See Figure for adapted vans etc. to accommodate side-loading
19) Note: Handrails on the (See Figure 11) vehicles with hydraulic lifts.
inside curve of stairs or
ramps need not extend more
than 100 mm.
• Handrail ends should
terminate either by turning
down, or by going into the
wall as an aid to persons HANDRAILS

who have visual limitations.


• Guards are required on both
ramps and stairs wherever
height differences are
significant.
• Guards and/or handrails,
where provided on terraces 30-50 mm
or viewing platforms, should 40 mm
FOR SMOOTH
be designed so that a seated WALL SURFACES ACCEPTABLE PREFERRED
person (e.g., wheelchair
user) can see under Figure 9 Figure 10
the handrail or guard.
• Handrails and/or guards
should not be located within
1000 mm of any roadway.

1.1.6 Lay-Bys for Vehicles


3555 mm
• Wherever regular stops for MIN.
special transit vehicles are RECOMMENDED

provided, a special lay-by


area, free of other vehicular
traffic is desirable.
(See Figure 11)
• Lay-by spaces should be Figure 11
level and a minimum of
3050 mm wide by 7925 mm
long with a curb cut located
towards the rear of the space.

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 7
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES
1.1.7 Paths, Sidewalks and • Wherever possible, consider Such strips are to be at least
Walkways the use of clearly marked 610 mm wide and separated
continuous amenity strips at from the pedestrian walkway
POLICY: the edge of the sidewalk to by a colour contrasted and
All entrance paths/sidewalks in accommodate posts, mail cane detectable border that is
a public right of way and/or boxes, trees, guy-wires, a minimum of 305 mm
walkways for pedestrians and planters, bicycle racks and wide. (See Figure 14)
persons using mobility aids vending machines, etc.
must be of firm, level, and
non-slip materials and are
recommended to be a
minimum of 1675 mm wide to
allow two wheelchairs or
scooters to pass one another.
In no case should sidewalks be
less than 1525 mm wide where
two-way traffic is expected.
• Sidewalks should be a
maximum gradient of 1:20 FRONT GUIDE WHEEL
OF WHEELCHAIR
(5%), except where site
conditions prevent this.
(See Figure 22) SURFACE OF WALKWAY

• Walkways and paths on 13 mm


MAX.
private property should be
a minimum of 1100 mm
and widened to 1600 mm
(1675 mm recommended) 6 mm
PAVER MAX.
width at 30 m intervals to
accommodate persons
using mobility aids. Figure 12

• Unit paving materials used


in sidewalks, paths and
walkways should be firm and
level, with joints no greater LONG DIMENSION PERPENDICULAR
TO ROUTE OF TRAVEL
than 6 mm wide.
(See Figure 12)
• Where gratings must be
located in sidewalks, no
opening should be wider
than 13 mm and bars
of gratings should be
perpendicular to the path of
travel. (See Figure 13)
GRATING ORIENTATON

Figure 13

8 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES EXTERIOR AREAS

1.1.8 Pedestrian Routes


POLICY
Public Pedestrian routes
should be designed to ensure
the comfort and safety of all
persons regardless of age or
ability.
• All active routes required to
accommodate persons using
mobility aids, walkers, or
persons accompanied by
guide dogs, should be a
minimum of 1500 mm wide; COLOUR CHANGE BETWEEN WALK
SURFACE AND CURB WOULD AID
1675 mm is preferred. THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED

• All routes should be free


of protruding obstacles,
overhanging signs, branches
etc., in the walking area, to
aid persons with visual 150 mm 150 mm
MIN. MIN.
limitations.
(See Figures 14 and 15) REFLECTIVE POOL

• The maximum allowable Figure 14


protrusion of objects into any
pedestrian route from grade
to a recommended height of
2030 mm is 100 mm.

WIDTH OF WALK
1525 mm MIN.

100 mm
MAX.

2030 mm
MIN.
RECOMMENDED

865 mm -
915 mm

Figure 15

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 9
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES
1.1.9 Ramps doors opening on to the • Ramps with slopes between
landing. 1:20 and 1:12 require
POLICY (See Figures 17 and 18) handrails on both sides
Wherever the gradient is more as an aid to mobility.
• An up-stand curb 50 mm
than 1:20, ramps should be high or a solid barrier is
provided that comply with the recommended on either side
following criteria: of ramps for persons using
• Ramps must be no steeper mobility aids, in order to act
than 1:12, with individual as a safety stop for the front
ramp sections no longer than wheels of wheelchairs and/or
9 m. (Note: 1:15 is preferred scooters.
where space is available).
• Ramp widths should be
a maximum of 1100 mm 600 mm
and a recommended MIN.
1670 mm (300 mm IF DOOR OPENS
minimum of 1015 mm MIN. AWAY FROM RAMP)
between handrails, to allow
1015 mm
persons using mobility aids RECOMMENDED CURBS OR RAILS AROUND
to move easily and to grasp MIN. BETWEEN
HANDRAILS
EDGES OF RAMPS AND LANDINGS

the handrails if required


(e.g., while ascending or
descending). 1670 mm
MIN. 1670 mm
• Where ramps are required MIN.

for use by persons with 9m


visual limitations only, ramps MAX.

up to 1525 mm are preferred,


in order to allow space for a
companion or a guide dog.
LEVEL LANDING
• For intermediate level (INTERMEDIATE)
landings, a minimum of
1670 mm in depth by the Figure 16
width of the ramp should be
provided. Level landings at
top and bottom of the ramp
shall be a minimum of 1670 mm
MIN.
300 mm
1670 mm by 1670 mm. MIN.
(See Figure 16) 600 mm
MIN. 1670 mm
• Where ramps return upon MIN.
1670 mm
themselves, or wherever MIN. 1670 mm
RAMP
doors open out onto the MIN.

ramp, the level platform area


shall be a minimum of 1670 RAMP
mm by 1670 mm and an
additional distance for any
Figure 17 Figure 18

10 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES EXTERIOR AREAS

• Handrails on ramps should • For all flights of stairs or walking surface, a minimum
be mounted between 865 steps that are 2200 mm wide of 915 mm deep, (forward of
mm and 965 mm, and or greater, an intermediate the first riser and continuous
provide a smooth continuous (middle) handrail is from the top of stair), as an
surface from the top recommended, as an aid to early warning of an impending
to bottom of the ramp, persons with limited mobility level change to persons with
without breaking the or vision. visual limitations.
handhold. (See Figure 20)
• Paving surfaces at the top
• Handrails should extend a and bottom of all flights of
minimum distance of 300 stairs or steps should include
mm beyond the top and a cane-detectable and
bottom of the ramp (See textured
Figure 19). Handrail ends
must be turned down or
300 mm
curved into an adjacent wall 300 mm
TOP OF GUARD
as an aid to persons with HANDRAIL
visual disabilities.
1070 mm

1.1.10 Stairs and Steps


• Exterior steps should be of
firm; non-slip materials with
a recommended maximum Figure 19
rise of 180 mm, and a
maximum tread length of
280 mm. (See Figure 20) 915 mm
MIN.
• Tread nosings should be DEPTH OF
ONE TREAD
clearly marked with either
RISER
a brightly painted non-slip
finish and/or include an
integrated non-slip nosing TREAD
that clearly contrasts in
tone/colour from the tread. TREAD DEPTH VISUAL
HORIZONTAL
280 mm MAX. CONTRAST
NOSING
• Continuous handrails should RECOMMENDED

be provided on both sides of VISUAL CONTRAST


ON TOP OF NOSING
all exterior flights of stairs or
steps, which include 3 or
NOSING
more risers. STRIP
38 mm MAX.

180 mm
MAX.
RECOMMENDED
NOT LESS
THAN 60

Figure 20

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 11
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES
• Exterior doors that open onto • Traffic islands should be at • Where the crossing surface
landings should be avoided least 1500 mm wide (1980 at the island is level with the
wherever possible, in order mm is preferred) to provide paving, the safe waiting area
to minimize hazards to persons using mobility aids should be made clearly
persons with visual and seniors with a safe identifiable by using
limitations. Where such resting zone. different materials, colours
doors are unavoidable, the (See Figure 21) or textures that are detectable
landing depth should be by persons with low vision.
increased to 1670 mm.
No door should open onto
any sloping section
of a ramp.

1.1.11 Traffic Islands on RAMP WITH


FLARED SIDES
Public Right of Way
• Where traffic islands are
required, they should be built
of materials and finishes that
are easily distinguishable
from the surrounding paving, 1525 mm
as an aid to persons who are MIN. LEVEL CROSSING WITH DETECTABLE
WARNING SURFACES AT ISLAND
blind or who have visual
limitations.
• Pedestrian crosswalks that
cross a traffic island should
be level with the main
crossing or have curb ramps
for persons using mobility
aids. Figure 21

LEVEL IDEAL ACCESSIBLE WALKWAYS

5% or < 1:20
Figure 22

12 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.2 ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE AREAS EXTERIOR AREAS

POLICY: • Rest areas should be located • At least one seat, between


to one side of walkways, be 405 mm and 460 mm high
All pedestrian routes to the at least 1200 mm deep and should be provided inside the
Main Entrance and/or other include space for a bench, bus shelter, since it would be
accessible entrances should wheelchair, or scooter. suitable for seniors and other
provide a safe, direct, level persons with limited stamina.
and obstacle free path of travel For persons who are very
for persons with mobility 1.2.2 Bus/Public Transit tall, or who have difficulty
or visual limitations. Shelters sitting, a resting ledge, or
1.2.1 Accessible Routes POLICY substantial handrail, mounted
to Entrances at 760 mm to 815 mm high
Bus shelters should be located is beneficial.
• Provide an accessible route on a firm and level base
from the site boundary to the approximately 4265 mm by • All glazed panels forming
Main Entrance and/or other 1830 mm and be at the same part of a bus shelter should
accessible entrances of at elevation as the sidewalk or have 50 mm diameter decals
least 1100 mm however walkway. Clearances around or a continuous coloured
a 1675 mm wide is the shelter (particularly on the line, mounted at eye-level
recommended, consisting side of the landing pad) should 1525 mm. Decals should be
of a firm non-slip material. be a minimum of 1100 mm. positioned at no more than
This will allow easy wheelchair 150 mm on centre, to
• Accessible pedestrian routes or scooter access on all sides ensure easy identification
to entrances should be used by pedestrians. by persons with limited
designed so they do not (See Figure 23) vision.
cross into vehicular routes.
• The bus shelter design
• In situations where should provide a clear view
accessible pedestrian routes of on-coming traffic, and
cross into vehicular routes, have a minimum interior
crossings with suitable curb length of 2185 mm to
ramps identified by bright accommodate persons
yellow or white lines and/or using mobility aids.
distinct paving should be
provided.
BUS SHELTER

• Slopes of walkways should


not exceed 1:20 (5%). Where BENCH
OVERHANG
steeper walks are necessary, (ABOVE) 920 mm
nearby stairs should be 920 mm
MIN.
MIN. 920 mm
MIN.
provided and the slopes
should be treated as ramps. 1100 mm
MIN. 2440 mm
(See Figure 22) MIN.

• Where the length of HAZARD ZONE 920 mm HAZARD ZONE


MIN.
accessible routes to
accessible entrances exceeds
30 m, rest areas at intervals
of 30 m are recommended.
ACCESSIBLE BUS STOP BUS LIFT ZONE

Figure 23

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 13
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.2 ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE AREAS
1.2.3 Bus Stops • In no case should the number • Headroom clearance for van
of accessible parking spaces parking spaces should be at
• Waiting areas at bus stops be less than 4 for the first least 2750 mm.
should be of level and firm 100 spaces (i.e. 1:25 parking
materials, at least 2000 mm spaces) plus 2 spaces for • In multi-storey or
wide by 12000 mm long, in each additional 100 parking underground parking
order to accommodate spaces (i.e. 1:50). No less garages, at least one level
waiting persons. than 1 accessible parking of parking should include
space should be provided easy to locate accessible
• Bus stop areas should be free parking spaces.
of all street furniture, e.g., where the number of parking
dispensers, vending machines, spaces provided is less • The walkway from
waste boxes, planters, posts, than 25. designated parking to the
signs and guy wires. • At least one accessible accessible entry to the
parking space for wheelchair building should be no less
vans, a minimum of 3660 than 1100 mm in width and
1.2.4 Emergency Routes mm wide and 5385 mm must be firm, level, non-slip
long, should be provided for material with a texture
• Vehicular routes, used by contrasted with the
emergency vehicles (e.g., fire each 100 spaces.
(See Figures 24 and 28) adjacent surfaces.
trucks and ambulances),
should be clearly identified
by suitable signage and
should avoid crossing METER (TO BE ACCESSIBLE)

primary pedestrian routes SIGN ON POST 810 mm


MIN.
to the main entrance or CURB RAMP
other accessible entrances
wherever possible.
3660 mm

1.2.5 Parking
5385 mm
POLICY
Designated accessible parking
space(s), whether external or
internal, should be provided Figure 24
within 30m of the main
accessible entrance and/or
any other accessible entrances.
• Provide a protected, or
designated route from the
accessible parking spaces to
the main accessible entrance
and/or any other accessible
entrances.
• Parking meters to be
accessible for persons 4880 mm 8840 mm

with disabilities.
Figure 25

14 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.2 ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE AREAS EXTERIOR AREAS

• Where covered or
underground parking spaces
for cars are provided, all
access and exit routes,
including ramps serving
such spaces, should have
clear headroom of 2100 mm
below beams, pipes, or
sprinkler heads, however
2285 mm is recommended.
• All accessible parking spaces
should be marked with the
Figure 26
"International Symbol of
Accessibility", (e.g., with
a paving sign and a CURB RAMP SIGN ON POST
post mounted sign).
(See Figures 26 and 27)
• Accessible parking spaces
should be a minimum of
VERTICAL SIGN
3660 mm wide, with a ON BUILDING
clear pedestrian aisle of
1200 mm. Where two
accessible parking spaces are
adjacent, the pedestrian aisle SYMBOL ON
PAVEMENT
SYMBOL ON
PAVEMENT
may be shared, and should
preferably be increased to
1500 mm.
(See Figures 25 and 27) 3660 mm

1500 mm
• Provide a suitable curb Figure 27
ramp from the accessible car
parking area to any adjacent
sidewalk or pedestrian route 2000 mm
where difference in elevation MIN.

is greater than 13 mm.


SIGN ON POST CURB RAMP
• All safe pedestrian walkways CLEAR SPACE
2000 mm
MIN.
should be clearly marked
(e.g., by the use of painted SYMBOL ON
PAVEMENT
yellow lines and/or
3660 mm
distinctive paving surfaces).

5385 mm

1200 mm

PARKING AREAS

Figure 28

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 15
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.2 ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE AREAS
1.2.6 Passenger of the boarding space, to • All designated passenger
Loading Zones ensure safe loading and loading zones should be
unloading. marked with appropriate
• Passenger loading zones on signage utilizing the
individual sites should be "International Symbol
located within 30m of the of Accessibility".
main or other accessible
entrance.
• Bus parking space at
passenger loading zones
should be at least 7925 mm
long by 3050 mm wide, to 1500 mm CURB RAMP
accommodate special transit SIGN ON POST SIGN ON POST
vehicles.
• Headroom clearance at car
passenger loading zones
should be a minimum of
2750 mm but 2895 mm is
recommended. 7315 mm

• For special transit vehicles,


such as WheelTrans Buses,
SYMBOL ON
the headroom clearance is PAVEMENT
recommended to be
increased to 3555 mm.
(See Figure 30) 2590 mm 2590 mm

• Suitable curb ramps should


be provided at all passenger Figure 29
loading zones, where
differences in roadway and
sidewalk levels are greater
than 19 mm.
• Van parking spaces at
passenger loading zones
should be a minimum of
7315 mm long by 2590 mm
wide. (See Figure 29) 2750 mm
MIN.
• All designated passenger (3555 mm
RECOMMENDED)
loading zones should have a
sidewalk or safe pedestrian
zone, located behind the
vehicle and at the passenger
boarding side of the vehicle,
a minimum of 2000 mm
wide by the length or width
Figure 30

16 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES EXTERIOR AREAS

POLICY • Balcony or terrace surfaces • Balcony depths should be a


should be of firm non-slip minimum recommended of
All areas and special features materials, laid to fall (no 1830 mm to allow free
of a site or facility, normally greater than 5%) to ensure rotation of mobility aids.
used or available to members rapid removal of water (See Figure 31)
of the general public, should or melting snow.
be accessible to and useable • Doors opening out, onto
by people with varying • Balcony or terrace handrails balconies or terraces, should
disabilities. or guards should comply be located where they open
with OBC requirements and against a sidewall or rail.
1.3.1 Amphitheatres should be designed to allow This ensures doors do not
clear vision below the rails constitute a hazard to
• Exterior amphitheatres or for persons seated in persons who have visual
performance areas should wheelchairs wherever limitations as well as
include seating areas that are possible. Note: The top permitting optimum
accessible to persons using surface of the rail should access by persons using
mobility aids. At least two also be designed to be mobility aids.
spaces should be provided graspable, to assist persons
side by side. A minimum with limited stability.
of 2% of all spaces is (See also Section 1.1.5,
recommended for persons Guards and Handrails)
using mobility aids.
• Fixed or portable seating
should include some seats
with back supports and arm
rests to accommodate seniors
or others with limited
stability.

1.3.2 Outdoor Eating and


Entertainment Spaces
Balconies and Terraces
• Exterior residential and 1070 mm

public balconies or terraces


should be accessible from
interior spaces with
thresholds no higher
than 13 mm.
• Where greater differences in 1830 mm
elevation are unavoidable, RECOMMENDED

short ramps with a maximum


rise of 150 mm, maximum Figure 31
pitch of 1:7.5 and maximum
length of 1200 mm should be
utilized.

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 17
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES
1.3.3 Boardwalks 1.3.4 Campgrounds 3% accessible campsites close
to essential amenities, such as
• Where boardwalks are • Municipal campgrounds washrooms and showers.
provided, (e.g., at beach or should include at least
waterfront locations), they
should be at least 1675 mm
1200 mm 915 mm
wide to allow two persons in MIN. MIN.
wheelchairs to pass easily.
(See Figure 32)
• Boardwalk surfaces BENCH
1200 mm
should be of firm, non-slip MIN.
materials. Where wooden 600 mm
boardwalks are provided, MIN.

planks should be laid


perpendicular to the normal
path of travel with joint
widths no greater than 6 mm. 1675 mm
MIN.
• Where the grade drop-off
on any side is greater than
205 mm, a contrasting,
continuous stand up edge
WALKWAY PROVIDE SURFACE CONTRAST WALKWAY
of at least 150 mm high is TO DENOTE SEATING AREA
recommended as an aid to
persons with visual or NOTE: PROVIDE SEATING OPPORTUNITIES EVERY 90 m ALONG PATHS OF TRAVEL

mobility limitations. Figure 32


• Where the grade drop-off is
greater than 460 mm,
19825 mm
handrails or other suitable
guards are recommended.
(See Section 1.1.5, Guards
3660 mm
and Handrails) 6100 mm MIN.
3050 mm
• Roads, paths, sidewalks, or
other pedestrian approaches GRILL
to the boardwalk should
19825 mm 7620 mm
allow easy wheelchair or
PARKING BARRIER
scooter access via level sur- 48
75
faces and/or suitably ramped mm 14750 mm

access points.
• Benches and/or garbage cans
should be located to one side ASPHALT

of the boardwalk on level,


firm surfaces at the same
elevation as the boardwalk.

CAMPGROUND ROAD

Figure 33

18 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES EXTERIOR AREAS

• Accessible campsites should


be level with adjacent
grades, be of a firm free
draining surface, and include
adjacent accessible parking.
(See Figure 33)
• Picnic tables and barbecue 610 mm – 915 mm

pits in close proximity to 610 mm


MIN.
accessible campsites should
be wheelchair accessible.
(See Figure 34) Figure 34

• A firm surface, roadway, or • Community mailboxes • Where designated boxes are


path should be available should be mounted on level, not available for wheelchair
between the accessible firm, and free-draining users, a minimum of 10% of
campsite, accessible surfaces. A minimum clear boxes should be mounted so
washrooms, and showers or approach area of 1370 mm that the lock is no higher
other campground amenities. by 1525 mm should be than 1220 mm and no
• Accessible campsites should provided to allow access by lower than 460 mm.
include an accessible hydro persons using mobility aids.
• All numbers on mail boxes
outlet to allow recharging of should be at least 19 mm
batteries for electric mobility high for easy identification
aids. and be colour or tone
differentiated from the
mailbox surface.
1.3.5 Community Mailboxes
POLICY
Community mailboxes should
be located in highly visible
locations to one side of LAMP POST
pedestrian routes or roadways. 2 4
(See Canada Post Guidelines
for Community Mailboxes).
200 mm
MIN.
• Where provided, parking
spaces or lay-bys at
community mailboxes should 3 6
CONCRETE
include sufficient space for PAVEMENT
a wheelchair user’s van.
• An accessible curb ramp
UNIVERSAL ACCESS
should be provided to permit MAXIMUM SLOPE ie: 5%
access from the road surface
and/or parking locations by
various mobility aids.
1525 mm
(See Figure 35) COMMUNITY MAILBOX - ACCESS MIN.

Figure 35

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 19
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES
• All other amenities at the • Elevation changes of 205 • Steps down into the water
community mail box (e.g., mm or less can be ramped for swimming areas or/at
mail slots, stamp machines, at 1:8. docks should include
etc.), should be approachable handrails on both sides,
and useable by persons using • Where dock surfaces are extending to a minimum
mobility aids. (See the located more than 460 mm of 610 mm above the dock
Canada Post Accessibility above the normal water surface, and returned
Guidelines for Community surface (e.g., floating docks), down to the dock.
Mailboxes) a suitable guardrail should be
provided. • Steps should provide a safe
• Garbage cans should be entering position for persons
located close to community • Where dock surfaces are
with limited vision or
mailboxes; however, they 205 mm or less above the
water, a contrasting stand stability. (See Figure 37)
should be placed to one side
of the normal paths of travel. up edge of at least 150 mm
high is recommended, on all
exposed sides.
1.3.6 Docks
POLICY
Fishing, boating, or swimming
docks should be accessible to
persons with varying disabilities. 1070 mm
865 - 915 mm
(See Figures 36 & 37)
150 mm
• Paths, boardwalks and/or 460 mm
other routes to docks should
be made of level and firm
ACCESSIBLE FISHING DOCK
material that provides direct
Figure 36
access without changes in
elevation. Where inclined
routes are unavoidable,
the gradient should be no
greater than 1:20. (See
Section 1.2.1, Accessible
Routes to Entrances,
Figure 22)
• Grades steeper than 1 in 20
should be designed as a
ramp, with a slope gradient
no greater than 1:12.
(See Section 1.1.9, Ramps)
• Handrails should be provided
on both sides of ramps at
1:12 gradient. (See also
Section 1.2.1, Accessible 150 mm
Routes to Entrances, 600 mm
Figure 22) ACCESSIBLE ENTRY TO WATER

Figure 37

20 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES EXTERIOR AREAS

1.3.7 Grandstands and • Seat heights should be no Walkway behind wheelchair


Viewing Areas greater than 460 mm above positions should be a
floor level and no less than minimum of 1200 mm wide
POLICY 405 mm. (any width reductions must
Where exterior grandstands comply with the OBC)
• Aisles leading to accessible
and viewing areas are seating areas should have • Viewing areas at scenic
provided, accessible seating slopes no greater than 1:20 at lookouts etc., should be
spaces for persons using any point. accessible to persons using
mobility aids should various mobility aids such as
be available in all price ranges. wheelchairs or scooters.
(See Figures 38 and 39)
• At least 2% of all seating
areas should be designed to
accommodate persons using
mobility aids and located to
provide a clear view of
event. MAINTAIN
REQUIRED
• Clear floor space for a AISLE WIDTH
CLEAR VIEW
person using a wheelchair
should be a minimum of
900 mm wide by 1500 mm
deep without reducing
required aisle space for side
approach and 1200 mm long
for front or rear entry.
(See also Figure 39)
• At least two spaces should
be provided side by side in
each accessible location to Figure 38
allow for a companion.
• Wheelchair seating areas
should be made of level, firm
and of non-slip material.
• Where guardrails, handrails
or fences separate viewing 900 mm

areas from performance


areas, care should be taken
1200 mm
to ensure that sight lines are
appropriate. A MINIMUM OF TWO
WHEELCHAIR POSITIONS
• Fixed seating, benches, or IN ANY ONE LOCATION
IS RECOMMENDED
loose seating areas should
include some seating with
back supports and arm rests
for seniors (or others) with AISLE AISLE

limited stability. Figure 39

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 21
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES
• Where pay-per-view • Pool perimeter tile or • The walls and floors of
telescopes etc. are available, finishes should be easy to swimming pools should have
at least one location should clean and non-abrasive, to a light coloured finish for
be accessible to persons minimize skin damage, increased safety.
using mobility aids. Viewing with rounded edges at all
lenses and controls should pool boundary locations. • Adequate drainage should be
be mounted no higher than provided on the pool deck to
1200 mm above grade. remove water quickly at
all times.

1.3.8 Outdoor Swimming EDGE OF POOL

Pools and Wading Pools OUTDOOR POOLS

POLICY BOTH SHALLOW STEPS


AND RAMPS WITH ADJACENT
HANDRAILS ALLOW INDEPENDENT
Outdoor swimming and wading ACCESS TO THE WATER.

pools should be accessible to


persons of varying ages or
varying disabilities.
• Swimming pools should be
generally of "level-deck"
design to allow easy entry
and exit to the pool. Where Figure 40
a stand up edge is provided
around the perimeter of
the pool, it should be a
recommended minimum of 865 – 965 mm
300 mm
205 mm high, and no higher
than 405 mm. The top edge
should be of 305 mm wide to
allow for a seated person.
• Pool boundaries should be
clearly defined by a textural 865 – 965 mm
change and be of a bright
colour or sharp contrast
(e.g.: 70% light reflectance
difference) to both the water
surface and the surrounding Figure 41
paving as an aid to persons
with visual limitations.
(See Figures 42 & 43) DETECTABLE LIP AND
TEXTURED SURROUND DECK DRAIN
• All materials and finishes POOL

used on the pool perimeter,


on the deck or on paved
areas surrounding the pool,
should be of firm, non-slip
materials.
Figure 42

22 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES EXTERIOR AREAS

• Drainage tile, scuppers, or • In public swimming pools, • Built-in ramps into pools
trenches should be designed where there is no autonomous should be sloped at 1:12,
to minimize accidental access for persons with have handrails on both sides
tripping and have no disabilities, some provision (See Figures 40 and 41), and
openings greater than 13 mm. for transferring persons be positioned where it does
• Pool depth markings as well from wheelchairs into the not interfere with swimming
as SHALLOW END’ and water should be available. lanes.
‘DEEP END’ signage should Wherever possible,
permanent ramps are • Wading pool access should
be in highly contrasting be safe and gradual so that
colours and of sufficient size preferred to portable lifts.
children with disabilities
that is easily visible to can be assisted into the
persons with low vision. water easily and/or use a
• Where diving boards or wheelchair to enter.
platforms are provided, they
should be clearly marked and
SURROUNDING
protected so that persons PAVING
with visual limitations do 1800 mm
not accidentally walk below.
• Handrails should be provided 915 mm
on both sides of access steps
into the pool, and extend at SHALLOW END

least 300 mm onto the pool


deck. (See Figures 40, 41 1015 mm
and 44)
• Swimming pools, lanes, or 1800 mm

lane markers should be in


highly contrasting colours.
Tie-off devices for lane POOL
BOUNDARY
markers should be located
where they do not constitute Figure 43
a potential tripping hazard.
• Starter blocks (for
competitive racing) should
be capable of being securely GUARDRAIL GUARDRAIL
fixed in place without
posing a tripping hazard.
• Storage of safety gear or
other equipment around the 305 mm
pool should be positioned MIN.
POOL SURROUND

where it does not constitute a


hazard to persons with visual 1015 mm
limitations. 180 mm
MIN.
• Lifeguard chairs or other pool
related structures should be RECESSED STEPS
painted in highly contrasting
Figure 44
colours.

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 23
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES
1.3.9 Parks and Parkettes • All garbage containers, • For accessible park amenities
light standards, or other such as public washrooms,
POLICY obstructions should be changing rooms, or
Public parks, parkettes, and located to one side of telephones, see Sections
playgrounds should be all paths and/or active 1.4.6, Public Telephones
designed to be used by playing areas, as an aid and Section 1.4.7, Public
people with varying to children with visual Washrooms.
abilities/disabilities and limitations. (See also
with universal access Sections 1.4.8, Street
principles in mind. Furniture and Vending
Machines and Section 1.4.9,
• Entrance gates, parking Waste Receptacles and
areas, paths and walkways Recycling Bins)
through the park should be
fully accessible to persons
using mobility aids. (See
also section 1.1.7 Paths,
Sidewalks, and Walkways
and Section 1.2.5, Parking)
• Play areas and recreational
equipment, or other
amenities should generally
be designed to be accessible HEIGHT
to and useable by children ADJUSTABLE
APPARATUS
with varying abilities/
disabilities. (see fig. 45
and 46)
• Park benches or seating areas
should be readily available
for children and older
persons. Benches and ADJUSTABLE BASKETBALL HOOPS
seating areas should be Figure 45
accessible to a variety
of users.
• Where planting beds are
provided, consider the use of
raised beds, fragrant planting
materials, and Braille
signage as an added value
to persons who have visual
limitations or for persons
using mobility aids.
(See also section 1.6.6.
Landscapes, Materials,
and Planting)
A LOW PLATFORM HELPS CHILDREN TRANSFER ONTO PLAY EQUIPMENT

Figure 46

24 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES EXTERIOR AREAS

1.3.10 Play Spaces 1:12 (1:15 preferred), and • Play areas separated by
the recommended minimum age appropriate equipment,
The Canadian Parks and width of 1015 mm (between including a junior area for
Recreation Association Policy handrails), for a maximum use generally for children
states that play develops sloped distance of 9 m. under 5 years of age and
inter-personal and social Landings are to have a a senior area for use
awareness, intelligence and minimum 2% cross-slope to generally for children/
physical skills and that play allow adequate drainage and youth 5-12 years of age.
is an equalizing medium would accommodate changes This separation of age
for children with differing of direction or rest sites as groups makes supervision
abilities/disabilities (Canadian needed on accessible routes, easier for the parent(s) or
Parks and Recreation (See also Section 1.1.9 care-givers. It is the
Association website). Ramps). parent(s)/caregiver(s)
Consequently, the City of • An accessible resilient who are most familiar with
Toronto is planning on surfacing compliant with a child’s capabilities and it is
prioritising certain play spaces current Canadian Safety their judgements which will
to be designed as inclusive Association Standards, and ensure safe use of equipment
for all children, including any applicable referenced by children, regardless of
children and youth with portions of the current their age.
varying abilities/disabilities. American Society for Testing • A diversity of play components
This prioritisation will be and Materials Standard chosen carefully to engage
based on programming needs, Specifications for Impact multiple senses, develop
community input, and a Attenuation of Surface skills and encourage social
physical analysis of sites. Systems Under and Around interaction (examples of this
Below is a brief description Playground Equipment are talking tubes, Personal
of the basic components to (ASTM 1292) and Communication Systems,
be integrated in identified Determination of and interactive, musical,
inclusive play spaces, Accessibility to Surface ore educational panels).
(additional references are at Systems Under and Play components are to be
the end of this section). Around Playground linked to an accessible route
Inclusive play spaces are Equipment (ASTM 1951). through the playground.
to implemented with the An accessible surfacing is One of each type of play
following: to be firm, stable and slip component is to be accessible
• An accessible route to the resistant enough to be and a minimum of 50% of
play space from accessible accessible by individuals all play components should
parking spaces. An using mobility aids or be accessible for small
accessible route is defined wheelchairs. The surface playgrounds (10 or less play
as a pathway specifically needs the ability to drain components), or 75% for
designed to provide access rapidly to avoid the hazards larger playgrounds.
for individuals with of ice or water accumulation.
disabilities, including those
who use wheelchairs or
mobility devices, with a
minimum clear width 480 mm
MIN.
distance of 1500 mm (1675
mm preferred) and a
maximum slope of 1:20.
Ramps are needed wherever 685 mm
the slope exceeds 1:20. The MIN.

maximum slope for a ramp is

Figure 47

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 25
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES
Specific details for accessible • Some picnic tables and them from one or both ends
components can be referenced benches should be located and provide adequate knee
elsewhere below, but would near accessible paths and and armrest clearance.
generally include wheelchair (See Figures 47, 48 and 49)
access. walkways for persons using
mobility aids. • Garbage cans, barbecues
These guidelines are not
intended to be comprehensive • Accessible picnic tables or and woodpiles etc., located
and finalised, they will be benches should be available adjacent to accessible
revised and updated with new in a variety of sunny and picnic areas, should be
information as it becomes shady locations. approachable and useable by
available on how to best include persons using mobility aids.
children of all abilities. • The design of picnic tables
should allow persons using
References: mobility aids to approach
Boundless Playgrounds
Publication, High Expectations
Playgrounds for Children of All
Abilities. 2030 mm
www.boundlessplaygrounds.org MIN.
PICNIC TABLE

Canadian Parks and Recreation


Association – Definition of
Children’s Play
www.cpra.ca 760 mm
MIN.

Guide de Référence en
Accessibilité pour les
équipements de Loisir 2030 mm
MIN.
2030 mm
MIN.
www.altergo.net/documents/ 2030 mm
Guide_ref_acc_equip_loisirs.pdf MIN.

A Guide to the Americans with FIRM LEVEL GROUND


Disabilities Act Accessibility
Guidelines for Play Areas
Figure 48
www.access-board.gov/
play/guide/intro.htm
Playability Tool Kit; Building
Accessible Playspaces, 2001.
Ontario Parks Association.
www.opassoc.on.ca/toolkit.asp

1.3.11 Picnic Areas


POLICY
Public picnic areas including
parking areas and entrances 685 mm
MIN.
should be accessible to persons
of all ages and disabilities.

Figure 49

26 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES EXTERIOR AREAS

• Grades in accessible picnic 1.3.13 Terraces and Patios • Where grade differences of
areas should be no greater 150 mm or less occur, short
than 1:30. (See Section POLICY ramps of 1:7.5 can be
1.1.4, Grades and Elevation Exterior terraces and patios created. Grade differences
Changes) should be accessible to persons more than 150 mm, ramps of
• Where public parking is using mobility aids. 1:12 will be required.
available, at least four spaces (See Section 1.1.4, Grades
• Access from exterior doors and Elevation Changes)
for the first 100 parking to interior areas should be
spaces should be designed to level or have sloped
be accessible to persons with thresholds no greater than
disabilities. 13 mm.
• Some accessible parking
spaces should be located 915 mm

within 30 m of accessible
picnic areas. (See also
Section 1.2.5, Parking)
380 mm

1.3.12 Sports, Fields, and


Spectator Areas
1015 mm
POLICY
Public sports fields, parking
areas, entrances and spectator
areas should be accessible to
persons with varying
disabilities.
• Controlled access points Figure 50
(e.g., turnstiles), should be
designed to accommodate KEEP BRANCHES AND
the free movement of OBSTRUCTIONS OUT OF THE WAY

wheelchairs or scooters via


an adjacent gate at minimum
915 mm wide. 1525 mm

(See Figure 50)


• Level, accessible seating
areas should be provided
beside sports fields for both 1980 mm
MIN.
spectators and athletes with 2030 mm
RECOMMENDED
disabilities. A SEAT FOR THOSE
NEEDING TO REST
• For public viewing areas,
See Section 1.3.15, Viewing
Areas)
For Public Washrooms, Showers,
and Changing Rooms (See
Section 1.4, Outdoor Amenities)
Figure 51

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 27
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES
• Terraces or patios should be routes should be provided Landscape Materials and
of firm level materials laid to nearby wherever possible Planting)
drain at slopes of not more and should include steps and • Slopes on bridges should not
than 1:50. Joints in ramps. (See Sections 1.1.9, exceed 1:20 (5%).
patio/terrace materials should Ramps and Section 1.1.10,
not exceed 6 mm wide. Stairs and Steps)
• Patios or terraces that are • Where steps, ramps or 1.3.15 Viewing Areas
600 mm or more above grade footbridges are required, the • Where special viewing
should have suitable guards. surface of the bridge should locations are provided
The top rail of such guards be of non-slip materials and (e.g., to view landmarks,
or handrails should be the bridge should include special features, wildlife,
designed so that a seated suitable handrails and/or entertainment and sports
person can clearly see guards. (See Figure 53) activities etc.), these areas
below the rail. (See Section 1.3.3, should be accessible to
• Where patios or terraces are Boardwalks, Section 1.3.16, persons using wheelchairs,
205 mm to 460 mm above Wilderness and Conservation scooters or walkers.
grade, a cane detectable Areas and Section 1.6.6 (See Figure 52)
stand up edge, 150 mm or
higher, should be provided. ACCESSIBLE VIEWING LOCATIONS OFF MAIN PATH HANDRAIL
Alternatively, a planter box (SEE FIG. 7 & 8)

or bench could be used as


an aid to persons with visual
limitations.
• Where a number of patios or
terraces are provided, some
consideration of both wind
and sun protection is
desirable for seniors or other
persons who prefer to sit in
a protected location.

1.3.14 Trails and


Footbridges
Figure 52
POLICY
Where pedestrian or bicycle
trails are provided, trails
should be laid out with
accessible pedestrian paths
and footbridges that are
HANDRAIL
suitable for persons using EXTENSION DETECTABLE CURB
various mobility aids.
(See Figure 51)
• If trails include slopes
greater than 1:20, alternate
Figure 53

28 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES EXTERIOR AREAS

• Where special viewing 1.3.17 Wilderness and • Where special lookout


instruments (e.g., telescopes) Conservation Areas locations or wildlife viewing
are provided, then such areas are included, ensure
devices should include POLICY that clear signage is provided
lowered mounting heights Wilderness areas open for nearby (e.g.: on the trail or
suitable for use by children public enjoyment should path).
or persons in wheelchairs include accessible parking • Where possible, provide a
or scooters. areas, entrances, paths, trails, tactile map (e.g., map with a
or footbridges that will raised outline) of all trails
accommodate persons using and features at the start of
1.3.16 Waterfront Areas various mobility aids. the trail and periodically
POLICY • Ensure that rest areas and/or along the trail to benefit
Waterfront areas (e.g., areas lay-bys are provided with persons who have visual
adjacent to lakes, ponds or suitable seating to limitations. (See Figure 55)
streams) in public parks, accommodate seniors.
recreation facilities or (See Figure 54)
wilderness locations, should
be laid out to accommodate
persons using wheelchairs,
scooters, and walkers, as
well as persons with visual
limitations.
• Ensure that accessible REST AREAS WITH SUITABLE SEATING
parking areas, entrances, TO ACCOMMODATE SENIORS

paths and/or lookout areas


are suitable for persons with
varying disabilities.
• Provide suitable seating
nearby. (See Sections 1.3.2,
Outdoor Eating and
Entertainment Spaces: Figure 54
Balconies and Terraces,
Section 1.3.11, Picnic Areas SIGN PANEL WITH BRAILLE
and Section 1.4.1, Benches ON EDGE IN UPPER LEFT CORNER

and Seats) 1000 mm MIN. ACCESSIBLE ROUTE

• Ensure that accessible


parking is provided in a
convenient and nearby 70º

location. (See Sections


1.3.3, Boardwalks and
Section 1.3.14, Trails
and Footbridges) CONTRASTING
800 mm SURFACE TO
MIN. IDENTIFY SIGN
LOCATION

Figure 55

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 29
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.4 OUTDOOR AMENITIES
POLICY 1.4.3 Drinking Fountains • Where drinking fountains are
recessed (e.g., in an alcove),
All amenities available to the • Where exterior public drinking
the width of the knee space
public should be readily fountains are provided, they
should be at least 760 mm.
accessible and useable by should be securely mounted,
everyone, regardless of age and ensure clear knee space • The maximum height of
or disability. below of 700 mm, to allow the spout should be 915 mm
1.4.1 Benches and Seats comfortable access by and controls should be easily
persons using mobility aids. operable with one hand.
• Exterior benches or seats (See Figure 57)
should be located to one side
of public walkways or paths
and be mounted on a firm PROVIDE AMPLE
BACKREST
and level base, such as a
360 - 460 mm
concrete pad, brick pavers
etc. (See Figure 56)
• Fixed benches should 450 mm

include suitable back 150 mm

supports and arms to allow


405 - 460 mm
for easy transfers, with
a seat height between
SIDE VIEW
405 mm and 460 mm.
(See Figure 56) PROVIDE ARMREST FOR EASE
OF INGRESS AND EGRESS 1015 mm
• Space should be available
beside the bench for at
least one person using a
wheelchair or scooter
with a minimum clearance
area of 1015 mm by
1220 mm.
FRONT VIEW

Figure 56
1.4.2 Bicycle Racks
• Fixed bicycle racks should
be located to one side of EQUIPMENT PERMITTED
IN SHADED AREA
walks, paths, or entrances so
as not to impede the normal
path of travel or snow clear-
ing activities etc. (See also
Section 1.5.5, Snow Melting
760 - 915 mm
and Snow Removal) 700 mm MIN.
MIN.

230 mm
MIN.

200 mm 230 mm
MIN. MIN.
Figure 57

30 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.4 OUTDOOR AMENITIES EXTERIOR AREAS

1.4.4 Mail Boxes • Where telephone enclosures • Telephones should be


or recesses are provided, mounted to one side of the
• Exterior mail boxes, they should be 760 mm wide path of travel, clear of door
collection boxes, or route with knee space below the swings or other obstacles,
boxes (See Figure 58) should phone shelf or equipment at with enough open space for
be mounted to one side of least 685 mm clear. access by persons using
the sidewalk, path, or mobility aids.
entrance to allow free,
uninterrupted access along
the path of travel and/or to
entrance doors. CANADA
POST
POSTES
CANADA

(See Section 1.3.5,


Community Mail Boxes)

1.4.5 Public Showers


• Where public showers
are provided in exterior
settings (e.g., as part of a
campground, exterior
swimming pool or other
recreational facility), they
should be designed to be
accessible to persons using
Figure 58
various mobility aids.
• Floors of showers should be
of firm and solid material
laid to drain, with no lip, SHELF SPACE
threshold, or step at entry, FOR TDD SHELF SPACE
FOR TDD
greater than 13 mm high.

1.4.6 Public Telephones


• Where public telephones are
250 mm
provided in exterior settings, MIN.
at least one telephone should
250 mm
be designed to be wheelchair MIN.
685 mm
accessible. KNEE
CLEARANCE 1200 mm
350 mm
• No controls or coin slots MIN. HIGHEST
OPERABLE PART
should be mounted higher 480 mm
MAX.
than 1200 mm.
(See Figure 59) CLEAR SPACE
1220 mm
MIN.
760 mm
HEIGHT OF TELEPHONE
AND SHELF SPACE FOR TDD

Figure 59

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 31
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.4 OUTDOOR AMENITIES
• Lighting level at public
telephones should be at
least 100 lux. (10 ft.
candles).
REVERSED "L" SHAPED
• Accessible public telephones TYPE GRAB BAR
should be clearly identified
by the "International
Symbol of Accessibility".
(See Section 1.5.4, Signage
and Way-finding)
200 - 300 mm D-TYPE
DOOR PULL
• Where more than one
telephone is provided, a
telephone should be
available that is capable of
accommodating persons who 460 - 480 mm OPERABLE
LATCH
are deaf, deafened, or hard of
hearing (e.g., with an
acoustic coupler, volume 810 mm
MIN.
control etc.), and
be clearly identified with
the "International Symbol" Figure 60
for persons who are deaf,
deafened, or hard of
hearing. (See Figure 59) 760 mm
MIN.
• Where several public 460 mm
MIN.
telephones are located 1500 mm
side by side, a TTY MIN.

device (Text Telephone) 1200 mm


should be provided for MIN. 485 mm CLEAR
MAX. SPACE
persons who are deaf,
deafened or hard of CLEAR SPACE 1400 mm
600 mm
MIN. 1525 mm
hearing. MIN. MIN.
1525 mm 1220 mm
MIN. MIN.

CLEAR SPACE

300 mm
MIN.

1500 mm
MIN.

460 – 480 mm

1675 mm
RECOMMENDED

Figure 61 Figure 61

32 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.4 OUTDOOR AMENITIES EXTERIOR AREAS

1.4.7 Public Washrooms • The preferred faucet 1.4.8 Street Furniture and
on basins are of the Vending Machines
Wherever possible a public, automatic type.
unisex/family washroom POLICY
should be provided in every • (See also Part 2: Section
building. Although some public 2.3.11, Public Washrooms, • All street furniture, including
washrooms may not be occupied and Section 2.3.14, light standards, signs,
during the entire year, the Washroom Accessories) planters, mail boxes and
washrooms should be accessible vending machines, should be
and should be designed in mounted to one side of the
accordance with requirements normal path of travel so
of the Ontario Building Code, as not to inhibit free
Section 3.8. movement of persons who
have visual limitations, or
• Minimum dimensions of who use mobility aids.
accessible stalls should be
1500 mm minimum by a
recommended width of 1675
305 mm 305 mm 305 mm
mm for use by persons with 1525 mm
mobility aids or others 610 mm

requiring personal assistance


(e.g., from attendants etc).
An accessible unisex
washroom should have
no dimension less then
1700 mm. (See Figure 61)
• Provide a door to a stall 2030 mm
STREETLINE
having a minimum of
810 mm clear width, and
clear space of 1220 mm in
front of washroom doors to
ensure access. Provide an
860 mm wide door to the CONCRETE
accessible unisex washroom. SIDEWALK

(See Figures 60 and 61)


• Install toilets with seats
recommended to be no lower
than 430 mm and no higher
than 460 mm.
• A minimum of one
accessible stall for every
25 stalls is recommended
where public washrooms
are provided.
• The preferred side grab bar
is the reversed “L” shaped Figure 62
type.

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 33
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.4 OUTDOOR AMENITIES
• Wherever possible, street • Waste receptacles or holders • Where lids are provided on
furniture such as lamps, containing waste bins should waste receptacles, they
mailboxes, vending be clearly identified by should be easy to operate
equipment, etc., should be suitable signs and/or colours. with one hand and have
positioned securely on a openings mounted no higher
continuous separate amenity than 1065 mm from grade.
strip (beside sidewalks), or
located to one side of
accessible entrances. WASTE RECEPTACLES, OF ALL TYPES, SHOULD BE FIRMLY MOUNTED AND
(See also Section 1.4.9, HAVE A SELF-CLOSING LID, WHICH IS EASY TO OPEN WITH ONE HAND

Waste Receptacles and


Recycling Bins)
• Amenity strips should be a
minimum of 610 mm wide,
and be of a different paving 1065 mm
material to the normal paths
of travel. (See Figure 62)

1.4.9 Waste Receptacles and


Recycling Bins Figure 63

POLICY
Waste receptacles and
recycling bins should be
accessible to persons using
various mobility aids and be
permanently located to one
side of any path or walkway so
as not to encroach on walkway
width.
• In busy locations, waste
receptacles should be
securely mounted and be
large enough to contain the
anticipated amount of waste
so that overflows do not
cause a tripping hazard.
(See Figure 63)
• Waste receptacles in open
areas such as parks,
wilderness, beach or picnic
areas should be securely
mounted on firm level pads.

34 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.5 OUTDOOR SUPPORT SYSTEMS EXTERIOR AREAS

POLICY: • Two different audible • Tactile features should be


pedestrian signals, provided as an aid to persons
• People with varying identifying when it is who have both hearing and
disabilities need assurance safe to cross either direction, vision limitations.
and support in using exterior (as indicated by a separate (ie. A tactile or vibro-tactile
routes and facilities. tone) are required for feature on pushbuttons.)
Persons with limited persons with visual
vision or hearing who disabilities. • In locations frequently used
are dependent upon by seniors or persons with
supplementary cues or • Where extended time is disabilities, crossing timing
information in the required to cross, (e.g., by should be provided to permit
environment need to be seniors and persons with pedestrians, or wheelchair
able to find their way safely disabilities), a clearly users to cross safely.
from one location to another. marked pedestrian button
Similarly, persons with should be available and
limited mobility, who use mounted on a pole beside the
canes, walkers, wheelchairs curb cut, at a maximum
or scooters need a clear, safe, height of 1065 mm.
and accessible route at all
times of the year.
1.5.1 Crosswalk/Pedestrian
PEDESTRIAN HEAD STANDARD HEAD HIGHWAY HEAD
Signals TRAFFIC SIGNAL TRAFFIC SIGNAL

• Signals at pedestrian
crosswalks should be
designed generally in RED

accordance with RED


requirements of the Highway
Traffic Act and the Ontario
Traffic Manual Book AMBER
12 – Traffic Signals.
AMBER
(See Figure 64)
• Both audible and flashing
crossing signals should be GREEN

provided as an aid to GREEN


persons who have hearing
or visual limitations.
• Audible pedestrian signals
should be loud enough to be
heard clearly above the Figure 64
ambient noise (i.e.: at least
15 decibels louder than
ambient noise).

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 35
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.5 OUTDOOR SUPPORT SYSTEMS
1.5.2 Lighting for Exterior reasonable colour • Overhead light fixtures
Areas not including roads spectrum, and minimize should be mounted on
cast shadows for persons standards that ensure clear
• Exterior lighting should with low vision. headroom of 2030 mm
be designed generally in is available, below fixtures
accordance with I.E.S.N.A. • Supplementary lighting or supports, as an aid to
(Illuminating Engineering should be provided to persons with visual
Society of North America) highlight all key way-finding limitations.
standards, in all public signage.
thoroughfares and along all • Lighting of landscape on
• Lighting standards or posts special site features should
pedestrian routes to ensure should be mounted to one
safe access for persons with be designed and installed to
side of pedestrian walkways minimize direct glare to
disabilities at sidewalks, bus so as not to inhibit free
stops, or parking areas both pedestrians and
movement of persons using building users.
leading to public facilities or mobility aids.
amenities. (See Figures 65
and 66) Lighting levels of • Low-level lighting standards
100 lux. (10 ft. candles) should be tall enough to
measured at the ground of clear normal snow
all accessible pedestrian accumulation heights.
entrances are recommended
as an aid to persons with
visual disabilities.
• At frequently used pedestrian
routes (including paths,
stairs, and ramps) 2100 mm
recommended lighting
levels should be 30 lux.
(3 ft. candles).
• In accessible parking
areas, lighting levels are MAINTAIN HEIGHT, LIGHT CUT-OF ANGLE AND FIXTURE SPACING
TO ALLOW VISIBILITY OF PATHWAY AND USERS AND EVEN
recommended to be a LIGHT DISTRIBUTION AT THE WALKING SURFACE.

minimum of 50 lux (5 ft. Figure 65


candles) at accessible
parking spaces and along
accessible routes from areas
of parking to accessible
entrances.
• Lighting sources should be
selected and located at, or
beside steps and stairs, to
ensure clear definition of
treads, risers, and nosings.
LIGHTS BELOW 1525 mm ILLUMINATE SURFACE ONLY
AND MUST NOT GLARE INTO PEOPLE'S EYES.
• All lighting over pedestrian
routes should be evenly POSTS MUST BE MOUNTED HIGH ENOUGH TO CLEAR SNOW ACCUMULATION.

distributed, provide a
Figure 66

36 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.5 OUTDOOR SUPPORT SYSTEMS EXTERIOR AREAS

• This does not include • Where large outdoor • Signage generally should be
lighting for roads and concerts are regularly in bold ‘sans-serif’ lettering
expressways. The performed (e.g. in the (e.g., Helvetica) on a highly
Transportation Division of summer months), every contrasting background.
Works & Emergency attempt should be made to • Building addresses or
Services Department is include a FM loop (or other identifying signage at street
currently developing a suitable systems), for level, whether it is mounted
Lighting Master Plan which persons who are hearing in landscaped areas or on
will incorporate street impaired. (See Figure 67) posts, should be high enough
lighting. It is anticipated to be clearly visible even
that this Master Plan will with snow piled nearby.
be completed by the end 1.5.4 Signage and
of 2004. Way-Finding • Pedestrian, vehicular, and
• A comprehensive exterior emergency routes should all
signage and way-finding be clearly identified.
1.5.3 Public Address system is required at every • One-way routes should be
Systems major site or facility, to clearly marked – both with
POLICY assist visitors with varying paving markings and by
disabilities to locate post-mounted signs.
Where public address appropriate parking and
systems are provided (e.g., at • The "International Symbol of
accessible entrances.
exterior recreation and/or Accessibility" should be used
entertainment facilities) every • The street address and/or to identify special amenities,
attempt should be made to building/facility name should such as accessible parking,
select and install that minimize be clearly visible from the accessible entrances, or
distortion and provide a full street or public laneway. accessible washrooms.
spectrum of sound. • Lettering size should be
Loudspeakers should be legible at typical viewing
located so as to cover the distances (e.g., from the
desired area adequately road, approach route, parking
without feedback and they area, etc.).
should be mounted on posts
to ensure that the output close MICROPHONE, CD, TAPE, TELEVISION, DVD, FILM, ETC.

to speakers is at acceptable
levels for nearby audience
NORMAL SOUND SYSTEM
members.
• Where significant
information (e.g. emergency SPEAKERS

information) is to be
AMPLIFIER
announced, a clear warning
signal should be provided
before the announcement,
to alert persons who are
hard of hearing.
FM BROADCAST SYSTEM FM TRANSMITTER
FM RECEIVER

Figure 67

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 37
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.5 OUTDOOR SUPPORT SYSTEMS
1.5.5 Snow-melting and 1.5.6 Traffic Signals • Traffic light timing at
Snow Removal specific sites should be
POLICY adjustable to suit not only
POLICY The majority of elderly the volume of vehicular
Where accessible entrances, persons, as well as persons traffic, but also the volume
ramps, or steps are exposed with various disabilities, need of pedestrian traffic.
to prevailing winds and/or more time to make a safe • Timing of lights for
snow-accumulation, icing, etc., crossing at traffic lights than frequently used pedestrian
every attempt should be made the average adult. Persons who crossings should be
to ensure that the snow, ice or are blind, as well as those with adjustable so that the
water is quickly removed. (See low vision, may also need walking speed of persons
also Sections 1.1.8, Pedestrian assurance that they are with disabilities, or seniors,
Routes and Section 1.1.10, crossing at the right time and can be accommodated safely.
Stairs and Steps) in the right direction. As a
result, both timing of traffic
• Sufficient catch basins and lights, as well as the provision
run-offs should be provided of audible and visual cues as
to ensure rapid removal of to when lights change, are
water from melting snow or essential. (See also Section
ice from all pedestrian 1.1.2, Crosswalks)
routes. (See Figure 68)
• At entrance canopies or at
accessible entrances,
consider the use of radiant
heating to automatically
clear ice and snow, where
timely maintenance and
snow clearing may be
problematic.
RED RED RED

• Snow removal strategies


and designated snow
accumulation areas should
be arranged so that no AMBER AMBER AMBER

accessible pedestrian routes


are inhibited by snow.
GREEN

Figure 68

38 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.5 OUTDOOR SUPPORT SYSTEMS EXTERIOR AREAS

• Audible pedestrian signals • No obstacles, poles, bins,


indicating when it is safe signs etc., should be located
to walk should operate on the level approach area or
consistently with visible within 990 mm of the normal
pedestrian signals. The pedestrian approach to the
sound of signals should be call button location.
capable of being heard above (See Figure 69)
ambient traffic noise. Signal
sounds should differentiate
directional crossings (e.g.,
east to west signal should EXTEND PEDESTRIAN CROSSING, TRAFFIC SIGNAL HEAD AUDITORY
differ from north to south DEFINED,AND SIGNALS TIMED FOR
THE SLOWER WALKERS TO INCREASE
PEDESTRIAN
SIGNAL
signals). THE SAFETY OF THE STREET.

• Where high use or


specialized community WALK-THROUGH ISLAND
facilities (e.g., Senior’s FOR WIDE STREETS

Centres) are served by


BUTTON OF
pedestrian crossings, CONTRASTING COLOUR
crossing signals should be 1220 mm
MIN.
capable of being activated by AT GRADE

pedestrians waiting to cross.


VISUAL AND TEXTURAL MARKING
(SEE SECTION 1.1.2 CROSSWALKS)
• Tactile features should be 1065 mm
provided as an aid to persons EXTENDED
CROSSING
who have both hearing and (BEST)

vision limitations.
(ie. A tactile or vibro-tactile
RAMP WITH UNIQUE PAVING
feature on a pushbutton.) (RAMP MAY BE OFFSET)

• Buttons for pedestrian


initiated calls should be Figure 69 Figure 69
located in a constant
location, on posts set in level
surfaces that are identified
by textured paving, for
persons with visual
limitations. The button
itself should be mounted
at a constant height of
1065 mm and be easily
identifiable by colour and
profile. Push button should
provide a locator tone.

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 39
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.6 OTHER
POLICY All finishes should be matte between walls and floors), as
in order to minimize glare. an aid to orientation.
For persons who are
dependent on visual and tactile • Colour contrast should also • Colour may also be used to
cues (e.g. colour and texture), be used to define edges or provide constant information
such information should be boundaries of objects (e.g., (e.g., the location of exit
included in the design of the stair nosings, the head and doors, for example, by
built environment for safe foot of an escalator or ramps, painting all exit doors in the
navigation. or colour differentiated same distinctive colour).
handrails). In high use Applied colour may also be
spaces, colour or tone contrast an added advantage (e.g., to
1.6.1 Colour and Texture should also be used to define indicate the termination of
POLICY the boundaries of a room handrails in large open
(e.g., at the junction areas).
In developing exterior colour
schemes, every attempt should
be made to ensure that both HIGH CONTRAST BETWEEN FIGURE AND BACKGROUND WILL INCREASE READABILITY OF SIGNS

colour intensity and contrast


with adjacent colours are
utilized (e.g., to define
boundaries of objects or
to distinguish lettering from
their background colour).
Generally, for seniors and
persons with low vision,
colours in the warm end of the
spectrum (i.e., yellow, orange,
and bright red), are more easily
recognizable than those in the
Figure 70
cool end of the spectrum.
• Signage should generally be
designed using highly visible
and contrasting colours (e.g., CERAMIC MOSAIC JOINTS PROVIDE
white or yellow on a black, GOOD FRICTION FOR WHEELCHAIRS

charcoal, or other dark back- (TILE AREA MUST BE LEVEL, AVOID


WIDE OR DEEP JOINTS)
ground such as brown, dark
blue, dark green, or purple).
Black lettering on white or
yellow matte surfaces is also 13 mm AVOID LEVEL CHANGE MORE THAN 13mm
MAX.
acceptable. Unacceptable AVOID LEVEL CHANGES OF ANY HEIGHT
background colours are: (EVEN IF RAMPED) WHEN FLOOR IS SLIPPERY

light grey or pastels. 13 mm


(See Figure 70) MAX.
AVOID GRILLES IN FLOOR WHEREVER
POSSIBLE; WHERE USED, MAXIMUM
• Colour/Tone contrast of OPENING IS 13mm IN ANY DIRECTION

approximately 70% light ONE DIRECTION GRATES SHOULD HAVE


BARS PERPENDICULAR TO DIRECTION
reflectance should be OF TRAVEL
provided on signage.
Figure 71

40 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.6 OTHER EXTERIOR AREAS

• Textured surfaces are • Overhead framing or • At all construction sites


recommended to provide an bracing should ensure clear and/or maintenance
indication to persons with headroom of at least 1980 locations, wherever a clear
visual limitations that a mm above the sidewalk but pedestrian route of 1100 mm
potential hazard is nearby. 2030 mm is recommended. is not achievable via the
Typical hazards are; level normal route, alternative safe
changes at ramps and stairs. • Cane detectable temporary
barriers should be provided and level pedestrian routes
In such cases, a textured should be provided with
paving strip, at least one around all short-term repair
sites (e.g. sidewalk repairs, suitable protection from
pace deep - 915 mm, is vehicular traffic.
recommended at the head of manhole access covers etc.),
stairs or ramps, or wherever as an aid to persons who
walking hazards may exist. have visual limitations.
(See Figure 71) (See Figure 73)
• All textured surfaces used as
warning devices should be CONSTRUCTION SITE PROTECTION
cane-detectable and clearly
differentiated from
surrounding paving surfaces.
Throughout any one site, the
same texture should be used
to denote hazards. Suitable
textures include: saw-cut
concrete with regular
grooves positioned no more
than 50 mm apart, with the 1980 mm

grooves being perpendicular 2030 mm


RECOMMENDED
to the path of travel.

1.6.2 Construction Site


Protection
• Construction sites should THIS MODIFICATION TO THE BARRIER ALLOWS IT TO BE DETECTED
have suitable boundary BY THE LONG CANE AND THUS PREVENTS POSSIBLE CONTACT
AT HEAD LEVEL BY THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED PERSON.
protection to minimize
Figure 72
hazards to persons with
visual limitations and to
maintain easy access for
persons using various
mobility aids.
(See Figure 72)
• Construction hoardings
should be firmly constructed
with supports and bracing
which permits free
movement by pedestrians THIS BARRIER SERVES THE SAME PURPOSE AS THE SAW HORSE
or persons using various BUT IS CANE DETECTABLE FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED TRAVELLERS

mobility aids.
Figure 73

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 41
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.6 OTHER
• Where hoardings with public
viewing ports are provided, at
least one viewing port should
be mounted at no more than
1220 mm on center, for use by
3050 mm 3050 mm
persons using mobility aids. BOULEVARD BOULEVARD

300 mm 300 mm 610 mm 205 mm


2440 mm
1.6.3 Freestanding Objects 1220 mm 1015 mm

POLICY
Freestanding objects should be
located to one side of normal
pedestrian routes without STREET/
TREE AREA
limiting the width of the PROPERTY
LINE
normal route or causing a
hazard to persons with visual
limitations.
• Permanent objects such as STREET
bollards, bicycle racks, TOOLED JOINT BICYCLE RACKS
benches, bus shelters, (TYPICAL)

newspaper vending boxes,


mail boxes, hydrants, light
standards etc., should all GARBAGE
be placed to one side of CONTAINER

designated pedestrian routes,


preferably in well designed
amenity strips or in planned
locations or recesses that are
close to active areas of use. TREE AREA

(See also Section 1.4,


Outdoor Amenities and
Figure 74) Figure 74

• Temporary objects such as


queuing lines, sales booths,
loose garbage receptacles,
etc., should be located to one
side of the normal pedestrian
route. (See Figure 75)
• Guy wires, and other braces
or supports for trees, posts
etc., should be located so
they do not constitute a
hazard for persons with
visual limitations.
915 mm
MIN.
Figure 75

42 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.6 OTHER EXTERIOR AREAS

1.6.4 Garbage Handling • Where wall-mounted or • Where turnstiles or other


recessed waste receptacles ticketing devices are not
POLICY are used, bin liners should be accessible, a nearby gate or
Waste receptacles should easy to remove. opening accessible to
ideally be mounted in selected persons using mobility aids
• Vehicular access routes to is required.
locations and to one side of garbage containers for
pedestrian routes, so as not to maintenance purposes
constitute a hazard for persons should not cross normal
with visual limitations. 1.6.6 Landscape Materials
pedestrian routes.
(See also Section 1.4.9, and Planting
Waste Receptacles POLICY
and Recycling Bins) 1.6.5 Gates and Openings
• Waste receptacles, containers, Landscape materials, trees,
• Where gates or openings are shrubs, and plants should be
or boxes, (including recycling
provided through selected and located with a
boxes), should be large
fences/screens to public use wide variety of disabled users
enough to contain the
areas beyond, such openings in mind. For instance, plants
anticipated quantity of waste
should be accessible and be and shrubs with a variety of
in any one location.
a minimum recommended fragrances can provide an
• All waste receptacles (except 915 mm wide to allow interesting diversion for
large industrial containers) free-passage of persons persons with visual limitations,
should be accessible to using mobility aids. Gate whereas plants with thorns or
persons using mobility aids. hardware should be suitable heavy berries may constitute a
• Waste receptacles in for autonomous use and walking hazard and should
landscaped areas, recreation, closing devices should therefore be avoided in active
and picnic areas, should be not be spring-loaded. pedestrian locations.
designed to be unobtrusive,
but be clearly identified by
suitable colours or signage,
as an aid to persons who
have visual limitations.
• The paving around waste
receptacles should be level,
firm, free draining and easy
to wash down.
• Where covered waste recep- 1980 mm
MIN.
tacles are used, the covers 2030 mm
should be useable with one RECOMMENDED

hand.
• Temporary construction
scows or large mobile
industrial containers should
be located away from normal
pedestrian routes.
Figure 76

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 43
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.6 OTHER
• Consider providing some however, where they are openings no greater than
planter beds at 460 mm high inevitable, then the bars of 13 mm. (See Figures 71, 77,
above grade to allow easy the grating or grill should be 78 & 79)
access by seniors and located at right angles to the
persons using mobility aids. normal path of travel, with • All steps should be of
non-slip materials with
• Provide defined planting bed highly contrasted nosings.
edges adjacent to busy
pedestrian walks, a minimum
of 100 mm high, as an aid to
persons with visual limitations.
• Provide defined edges at
trail boundaries wherever
the adjacent grade is variable.
• Trim overhanging branches
of trees or shrubs, located FRONT GUIDE WHEEL
OF WHEELCHAIR
over walkways or paths, to
ensure that the headroom
over the walking space is a SURFACE OF WALKWAY

minimum of 1980 mm 13 mm
(2030 mm recommended) MAX.

and the normal walking area


is clear of branches, thorns
etc. (See Figure 76) 6 mm
PAVER MAX.

1.6.7 Materials and Finishes Figure 77

POLICY
Suitable paving surfaces for
walkways include macadam,
concrete, interlocking brick or
patio stones, providing the
joints are no greater than
6 mm wide and level variations
are no more than 6 mm high. FRONT GUIDE WHEEL
OF WHEELCHAIR
This will minimize tripping
hazards and uncomfortable
conditions for users of mobility
aids. 13 mm
MAX.

• All paving should be laid to


drain easily.
• Gratings or grills should
generally be located to one PAVER CONCRETE COLLAR
side of pedestrian walkways, AND FRAME
GRATING

Figure 78

44 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.6 OTHER EXTERIOR AREAS

• All ramp surfaces should be • Where paths are not cleared • All gates, closers, automatic
firm and non-slip (e.g.: regularly, suitable signage door operators, porch lifts,
broom finish on concrete should be utilized. automatic ticket machines
or wood decking laid • All garbage containers or other essential equipment
perpendicular to path of should be emptied regularly should be inspected and well
travel). to avoid the accumulation of maintained on a regular
• Handrails and guardrails extraneous garbage around schedule.
should be continuous, the containers.
smooth and well maintained. • All light bulbs along 1.6.9 Obstacle Removal
(See also Section 1.1.5, pedestrian routes should be
Guards and Handrails) Regular and systematic checks
replaced on a regular should be undertaken to
• Walls adjacent to ramps schedule, with lamps (of the ensure that no obstacles have
or stairs should be in same wattage) for which been located in pedestrian
non-abrasive finishes. they were designed. routes (e.g., newspaper
• Smooth walking surfaces vending machines and bicycle
are preferred. Where racks or garbage containers).
interlocking pavers are used, (See Figure 80)
they should be laid on a firm,
well-compacted backing
(e.g., concrete base).

915 mm
1.6.8 Maintenance 150 mm
MIN.
MIN. WIDE
TEXTURED
POLICY SURFACE
TEXTURE STRIP

All active pedestrian routes


should be well maintained to MOVABLE
FURNITURE STRIP
permit safe circulation by
seniors, persons who have
visual limitations and persons
Figure 79
using various mobility aids.
• All key pedestrian routes to
accessible entrances and/or
exits should be kept free of
ice and snow in winter
months.
• Snow clearing strategies
should be developed so that
accumulated snow poses no
hazard to persons with
visual limitations or who use
various mobility aids. (See
also Section 1.5.5, Snow
Melting and Snow Removal
and Section 1.6.11 Snow 915 mm
MIN.
Accumulation and Removal)
Figure 80

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 45
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.6 OTHER
1.6.10 Safety and Security • Consider the use of personal • Consider the inclusion of a
alarm devices for those who two-way call system or other
POLICY need assistance, or provide a suitable emergency call
Today, in urban, suburban and clearly visible and accessible system linked to a central
rural sites, seniors and persons two-way voice communication location (e.g., office or
with disabilities are conscious system (e.g., in locations switchboard) from any
of their own vulnerability and where a number of persons accessible unisex washrooms
therefore tend to seek more with disabilities or seniors in larger public buildings
reassurance and inherent are likely to be congregated such as hospitals, schools
security than in the past. permanently or for special or recreation facilities, for
events). A central persons who may require
• Ensure that adequate lighting monitoring location to assistance.
is provided over public receive such calls will also
walkways, steps and ramps be required. • Develop a comprehensive
as well as where public ‘Emergency Plan,’ which
parking is provided. addresses the needs of
(See Figure 81) persons with varying
disabilities, as well as frail
• Pedestrian walkways should seniors, for exiting large
be designed to provide clear outdoor recreational facilities
lines of sight to ensure or other places where
personal safety wherever crowd-control is likely to be
possible. an issue.
• Provide a call bell or a
two-way communication
device at the main accessible
entrance.
• Provide a call bell or
two-way communication
device in enclosed public
PARKING BUILDING
parking areas where
accessible parking is
provided.
• Provide an accessible public
telephone at or in close
proximity to the main
accessible entrance
for persons waiting for a
ride or for persons requiring
emergency assistance.

SECURITY ACCENT LIGHTING AT ENTIRES,


LIGHTING DROP-OFF, AND PATIOS
ZONE

ACCENT LIGHTING AT KEY DECISION-MAKING POINTS


FACILITATES WAYFINDING AS WELL AS SAFETY

Figure 81

46 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.6 OTHER EXTERIOR AREAS

1.6.11 Snow Accumulation • Snow accumulating at • Provide designated areas for


and Removal entrances, on essential ramps snow piling from all major
or stairs, or other primary routes and public parking
POLICY areas away from pedestrian
paths of travel, should be
Snow, ice accumulation and/or removed completely after routes, (See Figure 82)
drifting snow is a major and consider the use of
each snowfall. radiant heating in all
problem at entrances and in
all exterior pedestrian routes frequently used entrance
during the winter months, areas and exterior ramps.
especially for persons using
mobility aids or persons with
visual limitations.
• Regularly used pedestrian
routes from the site boundary
to the main entrance or other
accessible entrances should
be kept clear of snow and ice
during the winter months.

SNOW CLEARING FROM ACCESSIBLE PARKING SPACES


AND THE ACCESSIBLE ROUTE IS ESSENTIAL

Figure 82

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 47
PART 2: INDOOR AREAS

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.1 ENTRANCES INDOOR AREAS

PRINCIPLE
All interior routes from
accessible entrances to
accessible exits should be safe
and easy to use by persons
with varying disabilities,
including persons requiring
2750 mm
mobility aids, and persons with MIN.
vision or cognitive 3555 mm
limitations. Such routes RECOMMENDED

should be clearly identified


and logical in layout.
2.1.1 Canopies and Weather
Protection
• All main entrances and other
accessible entrances should
be protected by a suitable
canopy or overhang. Figure 84

• Where canopies project over


passenger boarding zones,
provide a minimum
headroom clearance of
2750 mm, however
3555 mm is recommended to
accommodate special transit
vehicles, or 2895 mm is
recommended to
accommodate adapted
vans used by persons with
disabilities.
(See Figure 84)
• Where balconies are
provided, (e.g., as part of
a residential or hospitality
environment), they should
be designed to permit
optimum use throughout the
year by seniors and persons
with disabilities and include
adequate protection from
wind, rain and sun. (See
also Part 1, Section 1.3.2,
Outdoor Eating and
Entertainment Spaces,
Balconies and Terraces)

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 51
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.1 ENTRANCES
2.1.2 Doors and Doorways A minimum 305 mm • In buildings where there is a
clearance should be provided significant amount of glazing
• Main entrance doors and between the guard and the at grade, it is recommended
other accessible entrance and opened door. that door frames be clearly
exit doors should be a (See Figure 85) colour differentiated to aid in
minimum of 915 mm wide locating the entrance.
to allow safe passage of • Consider the use of (See Figure 86)
persons who use mobility automatic sliding glass doors
aids. at busy entrances that are not
designated exits.
• One accessible entrance is
required for buildings having
1 to 3 entrances and 2
accessible entrances for 1220 mm
buildings having more than
3 to 5 entrances. No "less
than 50 percent accessible
entrances are required for
buildings having more than
5 entrances. User specific 305 mm

situations would be
evaluated in a case by 900 mm

case basis.
610 mm
• Where pairs of doors are MAX.

utilized, at least one leaf


should provide a clear
opening of 810 mm wide.
305 mm
• Accessible entrance doors MIN.

and related vestibule doors


should be automatic or have
power-assisted door openers. Figure 85

• Where automatic doors


open towards users with 305 mm

disabilities, the swing pattern


of such doors should be
defined by a highly
contrasting and textured
surface (or mat) at grade,
which projects a minimum
of 305 mm beyond the
door swing. Alternatively,
suitable guards, which
project a minimum of 900 mm
305 mm beyond the door 400 mm

swing, should be provided as


an aid to persons with visual
limitations.
Figure 86

52 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.1 ENTRANCES INDOOR AREAS

2.1.3 Door Hardware, Locks • Door locks should be • Where out-swinging doors
and Closers mounted between 760 mm must be closed to preserve
and 1065 mm high. privacy (e.g. on washroom
• Automatic door openers are doors), an additional pull
recommended wherever • Select sliding door hardware handle, mounted horizontally
possible. that is easy to grasp and use and close to the hinge side of
and does not reduce the the door, is recommended.
• Push buttons or card access effective clear opening width
controls used to open doors below 810 mm.
should be located away from (See Figures 87, 88 and
the door swing and they Section 2.1.7 Thresholds)
should be mounted on walls
or posts, at a height between
1000 mm and 1100 mm
measured to the centre of the
control.
• Preferred push button
150 mm diameter is
recommended.
• Doors in a series (e.g., in a
vestibule) should be a
minimum of 2135 mm apart Figure 87
and/or the clear floor area
between door swings should
be no less than 1200 mm.
• Door hardware, including
pulls and push plates, should
be generally mounted
between 915 mm and
1065 mm from grade.
• All door opening hardware
on entrance, vestibule, and
room doors should be easy to
grasp and use (e.g., of the
lever handled type).
(See Figure 87) Figure 88

• Hardware for closet doors,


drawer pulls etc., should be
of the simple ‘D’ type (i.e., a
continuous and easy to grasp
handle), 75 mm – 100 mm
long. (See Figure 88)

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 53
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.1 ENTRANCES
2.1.4 Entrances • Where accessible entrances • In public buildings, an
include security locks or accessible public telephone
• Accessible entrances provide other locking devices, a should be available near the
direct access to persons nearby call bell (or accessible entrance to
using wheelchairs or scooters information telephone) provide seniors and persons
and are also frequently used should be available for with varying disabilities
as waiting areas for persons persons requiring with suitable telephone
requiring assistance (e.g., information or assistance. access (e.g., calling for a
waiting for a ride from taxi or a ride).
"special transit, taxis, family
members, attendants or
others). (See Figure 89)
• There should be enough
waiting space inside the
main accessible entrance,
either in the vestibule or
adjacent lobby, for at least
two persons using
wheelchairs. Such waiting
areas should provide a clear
ACCESSIBLE ENTRANCE
view of the entrance and PROVIDES DIRECT ACCESS TO
INTERIOR, AND VESTIBULE CAN
arrival area for taxis, buses BE USED AS A WAITING AREA.
or private vehicles.
• Accessible entrances should
provide basic protection
from the weather and include
doors and vestibules that are
useable autonomously by PASSENGER DROP-OFF
persons with varying LOADING ZONE

disabilities. Figure 89

54 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.1 ENTRANCES INDOOR AREAS

2.1.5 Glazed Screens and • Where etched or patterned • Partially glazed doors should
Sidelights glass is used, decals or have glazed panels that
a stripe of a highly extend low enough to allow
• Fully glazed sidelights at contrasting colour, are persons using mobility aids
exterior entrances or in still recommended. to see what is on the far side
interior vestibules, as well of the door (i.e., maximum
as fully glazed screens height from grade 900 mm
elsewhere, should be to lower edge of glazing).
clearly identifiable so as (See Figure 90)
not to constitute a hazard
for persons with visual
limitations.
• A row of bright decals or a 250 mm 250 mm
MAX. MAX.
continuous opaque stripe, a
minimum of 50 mm wide
and of highly contrasting
colour, should be mounted at
eye level, between 1350 mm
and 1500 mm from the
finished floor.
• Decals should be located at
a maximum of 150 mm on 900 mm
MAX.
center and can be either
50 mm square or round
and/or of a special design
(e.g., a company logo), 75 mm
MIN.
providing the solid portion
of the logo is sufficiently
bold for easy identification 250 mm
MAX.
by persons with visual
limitations.

50 mm
MIN.

OPAQUE STRIP
OR DECALS

1350 mm
1500 mm MIN.
MAX.
1500 mm
MAX.

Figure 90

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 55
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.1 ENTRANCES
2.1.6 Mats and Mat 2.1.7 Thresholds • Thresholds at interior
Sinkages doorways should be beveled
• Thresholds required to and not exceed 13 mm in
• Mats at entrances and in accommodate floor level or height. (See Figure 92)
vestibules should be level finish changes to exterior
with the floor and/or located areas (e.g., terraces and
in mat sinkages, so as not to balconies), should be gently
create a tripping hazard for beveled and not exceed
persons who have visual 13 mm in height.
limitations or a hindrance to
persons using mobility aids.
AVOID MATS AND/OR RUGS THICKER THAN 13mm,
• Where occasional mats (e.g., OR WHICH ARE RECESSED MORE THAN 13mm

runners provided during bad


weather) are used, they
should be level with the floor
surface and/or have gently 13 mm
MAX.
beveled edges so as
not to create a tripping
hazard. (See Figure 91) 13 mm
MAX.
• Where runners are used to
define preferred walking
routes to information Figure 91
counters, elevators etc.,
such as in main entrance
and lobby areas, they should
lead directly to the desired
objective with no furniture or
obstacles intruding into the
required route. Runners
should be as continuous DOOR

as possible and colour/tone


differentiated from the
adjacent floor colour.
ALL INTERIOR THRESHOLDS,
INCLUDING THOSE WITH DIFFERENT
FLOORING MATERIALS ON EITHER SIDE,
SHOULD NOT EXCEED 13mm IN HEIGHT,
TO ALLOW EASY WHEELCHAIR MOVEMENT.

13 mm
MAX.

Figure 92

56 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.1 ENTRANCES INDOOR AREAS

2.1.8 Vestibules 2.1.9 Waiting Areas • Waiting areas with fixed


seating should include
• See Section 2.1.2, Doors and • For persons requiring enough clear space for a
Doorways for vestibules at information services or minimum of two persons
accessible entrances. assistance, waiting areas using wheelchairs or
with loose furniture scooters.
• Interior vestibules to should be large enough to
washrooms or other special accommodate at least two
areas should be fully persons using wheelchairs or
accessible to persons using scooters, in addition to other
mobility aids. All vestibules, members of the public.
corridors, or aisle widths
should be a minimum of
1100 mm wide to allow
persons using mobility aids
to turn at right angles
through door openings.
• Vestibule depths should
provide at least 1200 mm 1500 mm

floor space, clear of door


swings and/or other
obstacles, for manoeuvring
600 mm
of mobility aids.
• Where interior doors swing
towards the person using a 300 mm
wheelchair, at least 600 mm
1200 mm
clear space should be 1200 mm
available at the jamb, on the
opening edge of the door, to
allow persons using mobility
aids easy access to the door.
1200 mm
(See Figure 93 and Section 1200 mm

2.1.2, Doors and Doorways)


• Where doors swing away
from the person using a
mobility aid, at least
300 mm clear space should
be available adjacent to the
jamb on the opening edge of Figure 93
the door (See Figure 93), for
ease of use by persons using
mobility aids.

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 57
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.2 INTERIOR ROUTES
POLICY 2.2.1 Aisles and Passages pass each other easily.
1200 mm width is required
Persons who have mobility • In high use public areas, to allow one person using
limitations require all public aisles and passageways, a a wheelchair and one
interior circulation routes, minimum of 1675 mm wide ambulatory person to pass.
whether horizontal or vertical, is recommended to allow (See Figure 94)
to be wide enough to two persons using
accommodate various mobility wheelchairs or scooters to
aids. Persons who have visual
limitations need safe routes
throughout buildings, with no
unexpected level changes or
obstructions that are
potentially hazardous to them.
Seniors and others with
limited strength and
endurance may require 1200 mm
handrail support and/or MIN.

resting places in long corridors


or paths of travel.

Figure 94

1200 mm 1500 mm
MIN.

760 mm
MIN.

WHEEL CHAIR DIMENSIONS

Figure 95 Figure 96

58 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.2 INTERIOR ROUTES INDOOR AREAS

• In low use areas and offices • Hallways within accessible • Wherever extended length
etc., clear aisle space and residential or overnight corridors are provided,
passageways between walls, suites, as well as aisles in consideration should be
glazed screens, furniture public areas and workspaces given to the inclusion of a
and/or other major etc., should be a minimum of suitable and colour
obstacles should be a 1065 mm wide. contrasted handrail,
minimum of 1100 mm on at least one side of
to accommodate users of • Additional space should be the corridor, as an aid to
mobility aids. available where persons seniors and persons with
using mobility aids must limited mobility.
• Wherever aisles that are manoeuvre around obstacles
1100 mm wide are extensive in corridors or hallways.
in length or terminate in a (See Figure 99)
dead end, a turning space of
at least 1600 mm by
1600 mm should be available TYPICAL SCOOTER D
at 30 m intervals and
recommended at dead
end locations.
660 mm

2.2.2 Corridors 1345 mm


and Hallways
TYPICAL SCOOTER DIMENSIONS
• It is recommended that
Figure 97 Figure 98
high use accessible public
corridors and paths of travel
should be a minimum of
1100 mm wide, with turning
spaces at least 1600 mm
in diameter, every 20 m, to
permit the free movement of 1100 mm

persons using mobility aids.


(See Figures 95, 96, 97 &
98)
• Corridors in all institutional
facilities such as hospitals,
nursing homes and homes OBSTACLE
for the aged, should comply
with Ministry of Health
guidelines.
• Corridors serving residential 1100 mm 1200 mm 1100 mm
OR LESS
suites should be a minimum
of 1100 mm wide. Turning Figure 99
locations should not be
greater than 30 m apart and
are recommended at ends of
corridors. (See Figure 99)

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 59
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.2 INTERIOR ROUTES
• In extended length • Exterior doors, which • Elevators and platform lifts
corridors of 40 m or more, include panic hardware, should comply with the most
consideration should be should be capable of being recent CAN/CSA B355
given to the provision opened with a force Standards "Lifts for Persons
of a bench or other seating, no greater than 38 Newtons. with Physical Disabilities".
located at intermediate points
along the corridor for seniors • Passenger elevating devices
and others with limited 2.2.4 Elevators and should comply with the most
mobility. recent CAN/CSA Standards
Platform Lifts
B44, "Safety Code for
POLICY Elevators,"
2.2.3 Doors and Doorways Where needed, elevators and • Controls/buttons should
• Doors, doorways or arched passenger platform lifts should include tactile information to
openings should be a be designed to be useable ensure easy use by persons
minimum of 915 mm wide, independently by and who have visual limitations.
with no opening less than accessible to persons using Controls/buttons should be
860 mm clear between wheelchairs and scooters, easy to reach and push, be
obstructions. in all public facilities. The raised and require minimal
provision of ramps is strongly strength to activate. (See
• For fully and partially glazed preferred over platform lifts. Figure 101, also Section
doors, (See Section 2.1.5, (See Figure 126) 2.4.6, Controls and
Glazed Screens and Operating Mechanisms)
Sidelights).
• Where fire doors or smoke
doors are required in any 1500 mm
corridor hallway, they should
be a minimum of 915 mm 600 mm 860 mm
wide, and provide a clear
width between stops of
860 mm. (See Figure 100)
• To ensure free movement
through public buildings, it
is generally recommended
that required fire and smoke
1500 mm
barrier doors be installed on
electrical hold-open devices
so that the doors only close
when the fire alarm is activated.
• The opening force required
for interior doors, using
closers or other automatic
latching devices should not
exceed 22 Newtons.

Figure 100

60 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.2 INTERIOR ROUTES INDOOR AREAS

• A delay button should be 2.2.5 Interior Ramps • The maximum length of any
available both in the cab and ramp is 9 m between level
• The provision of ramps is
in each elevator lobby to landing areas.
strongly preferred over
allow boarding by persons
platform lifts.
who are slower than usual, as
a result of ageing or disability. • Interior ramps should have a
maximum slope of 1 in 12,
• In both high-rise residential
however, a slope of 1 in 15
and institutional facilities
is preferred. (See Part 1:
serving seniors or people
Section 1.2.1, Accessible
with disabilities, at least one
Routes to Entrances and
elevator should be capable of
Figure 22)
accommodating a stretcher,
with a minimum platform
size of 1725 mm by PORCH LIFT

2285 mm. (See Figure 102)


• Individual platform lifts
required to travel between
levels not exceeding 1980
mm shall have a platform CONTROL
PANEL
size of no less than
1065 mm by 1370 mm.
(See figure 103)
• Elevators and platform
lifts used by persons with
disabilities should include
an emergency call system
linked to a monitored
location within the building, Figure 101
with 2-way voice
communication capability.
• Install a concave mirror at
the back of the elevator cab.
• Lighting in elevator cabs
and at platform lifts is
recommended to be no less
than 100 lux (10 ft. candles) 2285 mm
1065 mm
measured at the floor level.
The same lighting level 1370 mm
should be provided in 1725 mm

adjacent lobby space to


minimize tripping hazards at
door openings (See Section
2.4.11, Artificial Lighting). 915 mm

915 mm

Figure 102 Figure 103

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 61
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.2 INTERIOR ROUTES
• Where short ramps are 2.2.6 Safe Holding Areas • Have separate emergency
required, e.g., for level lighting and ventilation
differences of 150 mm, POLICY systems. A two-way voice
the ramp slope may be Where a safe holding area communication system
evaluated on case by case is included as part of the linked to the fire control
basis. emergency plan for persons center should also be
with disabilities, such holding provided.
• Ramp surfaces should be
non-slip. areas should be able to
accommodate a number of
• The width between handrails persons using various mobility
should be not less than aids (e.g., wheelchairs or
900 mm and not more than scooters) and:
1100 mm. It is recommended
that the width between • Be located in logical
handrails should be a locations on each floor,
minimum of 1015 mm. above or below grade, that
are easy to identify by
• Handrails are required on persons who have visual
both sides of ramps and limitations and be accessible
should extend at least to wheelchair and scooter
300 mm beyond the head users.
and foot of the ramp.
(See Part 1: Section 1.1.9,
Ramps, and Figure 16)
• Provide a cane-detectable
floor surface 765 mm deep at PROTECT THIS AREA
FROM CROSS TRAFFIC
the head and foot of all
ramps to alert persons who
have visual limitations. 680 mm
1980 mm
MIN.
MIN. (2030 mm
• The cane-detectable surface RECOMMENDED)

should be colour or tone


contrasted with surrounding
floor to ensure easy
identification.
Figure 104

62 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.2 INTERIOR ROUTES INDOOR AREAS

2.2.7 Stairs and Steps • For handrail and guard 2.2.8 Turnstiles and
dimensions etc., (See Figure Control Gates
POLICY 105 and Part 1: Section 1.1.5
Guards and Handrails) • Wherever turnstiles or other
Stairs and steps in all normal crowd control gates are used
public routes and paths of • Handrails or guards should to manage the movement of
travel should be safely useable be contrasting in colour and people, such turnstiles
by persons with limited project a minimum of should either be of
mobility, e.g., cane users. 300 mm beyond the top and breakaway design to
The following criteria are bottom riser to aid persons accommodate persons using
recommended. (Note: who have visual limitations. wheelchairs/scooters or have
OBC standards should be an adjacent access gate that
considered an absolute is wide enough to allow the
minimum). (See 1.1.10 passage of persons using
Stairs & Steps) wheelchairs/scooters or
• Stair treads should be a other mobility aids.
minimum recommended • Clearances at turnstiles or
of 280 mm. gates should be a minimum
• Stair risers should be a of 860 mm clear width.
maximum recommended
height of 180 mm.
• Interior stairs or flights of
steps should contain no less
than 3 risers. Where the
underside of stairs is open,
a cane detectable barrier
should be provided when
the headroom clearance
450 mm
is less than 1980 mm MIN.
(2030 mm is recommended),
as protection for persons
who have visual limitations. 30-50 mm
(See Figure 104)
• A highly contrasting and 40 mm MIN. CLEARANCE FOR
SMOOTH WALL SURFACES
cane-detectable floor surface 64 mm MIN. RECOMMENDED FOR
at least 915 mm deep, should ROUGH WALL SURFACES

be located at the head or foot


of each flight of steps or
stairs to warn persons who
have visual limitations that a
level change is pending. Figure 105

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 63
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES
POLICY • Public check-in counters 2.3.2 Door and Cupboard
for coat storage located in Hardware
All amenities in spaces used entertainment facilities or
by the public or staff should other settings, should Persons with limited dexterity
be accessible and useable by include at least one section and strength should be able to
persons with varying of lowered counter, operate door and cupboard
disabilities. approximately 765 mm hardware.
2.3.1 Coat Closets and wide and 865 mm high • Door pulls or latches should
Coat Racks to allow easy access by be of the lever handled or
persons using mobility aids. ‘D’ type for easy use by
In public facilities and
institutional settings, access • In residential settings, some persons with disabilities.
to coat closets or racks is accessible clothing and bulk (See Figure 107)
needed, especially in the storage space should be • Door hardware should be
winter months. provided that is suitable for mounted no higher than
persons using mobility aids. 1065 mm.
• In each major area or on
each floor, provide at least • Wherever possible, locks
one section of coat hanging should be part of the handset.
space that is reachable and
useable by persons using • Sliding cupboard or door
mobility aids such as hardware should be selected
wheelchairs/scooters. and mounted so that the clear
Note: approximately 10% of door opening that remains
all coat space storage should is at least 860 mm wide.
be accessible and free of (See Figure 108)
obstacles.
(See Figure 106)
• Accessible closets and coat
racks should have coat rods
and/or coat hooks fixed
securely and mounted
between 1200 mm and
1370 mm high.
• At least one fixed shelf
should be provided in
accessible sections of coat
closets mounted no higher ACCESSIBILTY
RANGE 1370 mm
than 1420 mm. Note: No 1200 mm
MAX.
base or lower shelf should
be installed in accessible
closets. 405 mm
MIN.
• Clear door openings for
closets or coat racks should
be at least 810 mm wide to Figure 106
allow a frontal approach by
persons using mobility aids.

64 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES INDOOR AREAS

• Pocket door hardware should


include a ‘D’ type pull on the
leading edge.

2.3.3 Drinking Fountains


Drinking fountains should
be readily accessible to and
useable by persons with
disabilities, including persons
who have visual limitations
and those using mobility aids.
• Drinking fountains should be
set to one side of the path of
travel with enough approach
room for persons using Figure 107
mobility aids.
(See Figure 109)
• Where the drinking fountain 860 mm 860 mm

is recessed and/or wall


mounted, clear knee space
of 765 mm wide by 735 mm
high to the underside of the
unit is required.
• The controls for the drinking 860 mm 915 mm
fountain should be: mounted
to one side of the bowl; be
no higher than 915 mm; and
be easily operable with one Figure 108
hand.
• The spout for water
projection should preferably
be no higher than 915 mm,
with a trajectory across the
bowl. Note: For persons
who cannot use a drinking
fountain easily, an adjacent
paper cup dispenser should
be provided. 1220 mm 760 - 915 mm
MIN. TO SPOUT
250 mm
OPENING

760 mm
MIN.

Figure 109

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 65
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES
2.3.4 Equipment and wheelchair access and use. should have an open base to
Furniture (See Figure 110) ensure persons using
• Coffee and telephone tables, mobility aids approach.
In selecting furniture or
equipment for public and staff located in waiting areas and • Planters with strong
areas, (e.g., lobbies, waiting lounges, should be no lower cane-detectable bases
and dining areas), care should than 510 mm high and they should be selected.
be taken to ensure that
selected items (and their
layout) will not constitute a
hazard for persons who have
visual limitations and that they
are useable by persons with
varying disabilities. 785 mm
MAX.
700 mm
• All items of furniture, MIN.

equipment and planters etc.,


should be positioned to one
480 mm
side of the normal path of MIN.
travel. 1220 mm
MIN.
• All temporary items,
including display stands,
information boards, easels,
recycling bins etc., should be 760 mm
MIN.
located to one side of the
normal path of travel.
• Loose seating, chairs or
benches should have seat Figure 110
heights between 405 m and
460 mm, so that seniors or
others can get in and out of
them without difficulty.
• Some seats should be
provided with both armrests
and backrests to provide
COUNTER
adequate support for frail
individuals, seniors or
persons with stability and/or
transferring difficulties.
• Tables and desks should 700 mm
MIN.
generally be selected with a
working surface no higher 725 - 865 mm
250 mm
than 785 mm and clear knee MIN.
DEPTH
space of 700 mm high, by at
least 760 mm wide between
760 mm
supports, to allow easy MIN.

Figure 111

66 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES INDOOR AREAS

2.3.5 Information and lower than 460 mm from the • Numbers or names on
Service Counters floor (e.g., between 5% and lockers should: be in distinct
10% of available spaces). and legible lettering; be
• Counters used for (See Figures 112, 113 and mounted no higher than
information or service 114) 1525 mm; and be of either
purposes should have at raised or recessed lettering.
least one section useable • Locks for accessible storage Lettering colour should be
by persons in lockers should be mounted at highly contrasted from the
wheelchairs/scooters at a 915 mm, but no higher than background.
maximum height of 865 mm. 1065 mm. Locks should be
The counter should have no easy to operate by persons
obstructions that adversely with limited manual
affect the ability of the dexterity.
public or staff to pass
through information or
have eye contact. Accessible
sections of counters should
be a minimum of 760 mm
wide, with knee space below
of at least 250 mm deep by
1370 mm
700 mm high, to allow easy MAX.
wheelchair/scooter approach
and use. (See Figure 111)
• Where speaking ports are 460 mm
MIN.
provided at enquiry counters,
ticket sales desks etc.; at
least one such position Figure 112 Figure 113
should have the speaking
port no higher than 1065 mm
for persons using mobility
aids.
510 mm MAX.
GRASP REACH

2.3.6 Lockers and


Baggage Storage
In schools, recreation/transit
facilities, or wherever public or
private storage lockers are 1220 mm
MAX.
provided, at least some of the 865 mm
storage units should be useable MAX.

by persons using mobility aids.


• Storage or baggage lockers
for people with disabilities
should have the bottom shelf Figure 114
of the compartment no
higher than 1220 mm and no

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 67
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES
• Lettering or number size • Mailboxes or mail slots in • The lower edge of mirrors
should be between 13 mm apartment buildings, over vanities and washbasins
and 19 mm high, for easy recreational buildings and in public washrooms should
legibility by persons who educational facilities etc., be mounted no higher than
have visual disabilities. should include some 915 mm from the floor.
accessible mailboxes, Alternatively, a tilted mirror
• Aisle spaces in front of which are mounted between should be provided.
lockers, baggage 610 mm and 1065 mm from (See Figure 115)
compartments and carousels the floor. A "D" type handle
should be a minimum of should be provided for easy • Where suitable mirrors
1370 mm deep to permit a finger grip by persons with cannot be mounted over
forward or lateral approach limited manual dexterity. basins, a separate full-length
by users with mobility aids. mirror is recommended. The
• For signage and numbering lower edge of the mirror
• Baggage racks or carousels of mailboxes, (See Section should be mounted
for suitcases etc. should have 2.4.16, Signage and approximately 610 mm from
the platform surface no Way-finding). the floor and extend to no
higher than 460 mm from
less than 1830 mm high.
the floor.
Such mirrors should be
2.3.8 Mirrors located where there is a
2.3.7 Mail Boxes Mirrors located in public clear floor area of 915 mm
washrooms should be available by 1370 mm deep in front
Mailboxes and post boxes to and mounted at suitable to ensure access by persons
located in private or public heights for use by persons in using mobility aids.
settings should be accessible wheelchairs or scooters.
to persons using mobility aids.
• Post boxes in public
buildings,recreational, IN DIFFICULT RENOVATIONS, A MIRROR WHICH IS SLIGHTLY
tourist, or transit TILTED DOWNWARDS LETS PERSONS IN WHEELCHAIRS
SEE A FULL VIEW OF THEMSELVES
facilities should have mail
slots for letters or packages
mounted at 1015 mm but
no higher than 1220 mm
from floor level. A "D" type
handle should be provided
for easy finger grip by
persons with limited
manual dexterity.

> 915 mm
(TILTED MIRROR)

< 915 mm
(FLAT MIRROR)

Figure 115

68 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES INDOOR AREAS

• Mirrors that are mounted 2.3.10 Public Showers and • Accessible showers or
immediately opposite doors/ Changing Rooms shower stalls should include
openings into washrooms a drop down seat at one side,
or elevators are not Public showers and changing mounted at a height of
recommended as the rooms should be designed to 438-480 mm from the floor.
reflections are confusing be accessible to people with A horizontal grab rail is
to persons who have mobility aids. recommended to be provided
cognitive limitations. • Where shower stalls are and mounted 915 mm from
provided, at least one stall the floor, at the centre of the
• Tinted mirrors or patterned long side, and the grab bar
mirror surfaces are not should be 1500 mm wide by
900 mm deep with a level should be reachable from a
recommended as they seated position.
present distorted images entry at the floor, or a
rounded or beveled threshold (See Figures 117)
for some seniors and persons
with low vision. no higher than 13 mm. • Shower controls should
• Ensure that the floor drain is include pressure controls and
• Lighting over mirrors should an automatic mixing valve so
be of an even quality and not not situated in the standing
or seating location. A level that hot water temperature
act as a source of direct or does not exceed 49 O C, to
reflected glare. approach space of at least
minimize accidental scalding.
900 mm by 1500 mm should
be provided to accommodate • Telephone type showerheads
2.3.9 Platforms/Daises users with mobility aids. are recommended on a
(See Figure 116) flexible hose and mounted
• Platforms or daises, provided on an adjustable rod, to
for display or presentation allow varying showerhead
purposes, should be positions. (See Figure 117)
accessible to and useable by
persons with mobility aids. 1500 mm

• Permanent or temporary 900 mm

ramps should be available


for persons with mobility
limitations and should be
located so as not to
constitute a tripping 900 mm

hazard for persons who


have visual limitations.
• Ramps to platforms should
comply with Section 3.8 of
the Ontario Building Code.
• The surface of ramps should 900 mm
be non-slip (e.g., glued down
carpet) and the junction with
the floor should be no
greater than a 13 mm rise.
1500 mm

Figure 116

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 69
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES
• Floor drains in accessible • Accessible public and staff • The preferred faucet
showers should be positioned washrooms should be on basins are of the
away from a seated shower equipped with automatic automatic type.
user. door openers whenever
• Where larger accessible possible.
showers are required, (e.g., • The preferred side grab bar
at the entrance to a pool deck is the reversed “L” shaped
area), thresholds should be type.
no higher than 13 mm.
• Changing rooms providing
aisles and access to clothes
lockers should have no aisle
space less than 1100 mm wide.
• Some accessible lockers
should be provided for use
by persons with mobility
aids and mounted between
460 mm and 1220 mm high.
• Locks for accessible lockers
should be easy to use with
one hand and by persons
with limited manual dexterity.

2.3.11 Public Washrooms


Accessible public washrooms 438 - 480 mm
should be designed in
accordance with requirements
of the Ontario Building Code,
Section 3.8. Figure 117
• Where unisex/family
washrooms are provided,
they should be located close
to public washrooms.
• The provision of a 350 mm

baby-changing table,
mounted no higher than
865 mm from floor level,
should be considered.
840 mm

Figure 118

70 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES INDOOR AREAS

(See Figures 118, 119, 120 and


Sections 2.3.10, Public 760 mm
MIN.
Showers and Changing Rooms 460 mm
MIN.
and Section 2.3.14, Washroom 1500 mm
Accessories; See Also MIN.

Part 1: Section 1.4.7,


1200 mm
Public Washrooms) MIN. 485 mm CLEAR
MAX. SPACE
2.3.12 Vanities and
600 mm
Work Surfaces CLEAR SPACE
1400 mm MIN. 1500 mm
MIN. MIN.
1220 mm
• Vanity surfaces located in 1500 mm
MIN. MIN.
public washrooms and
CLEAR SPACE
cloak rooms, should be
mounted no lower than
760 mm and no higher 300 mm

than 840 mm to allow 1500 mm


450 mm MIN.
easy access by users with MIN.
RECOMMENDED

mobility aids.
• Knee space below the
accessible vanity counter 305 mm
or apron should be at least RECOMMENDED
460 – 480 mm
735 mm high at the front
edge of the apron by 1675 mm
RECOMMENDED
205 mm deep from front Figure 119
Figure 119
edge and 760 mm wide,
to allow easy access by
persons using mobility aids.
Note: Many scooters 485 mm
MAX.
have higher seats than
wheelchairs and a higher
knee clearance may be
desirable. (See Figure 120) 840 mm
MAX. 735 mm 685 mm 230 mm MIN.
• Basins in accessible vanities MIN.
MIN.
TOE CLEARANCE
460 mm
should be mounted as far MIN.
forward as possible, without 485 mm
MAX.
encroaching on the MIN. KNEE
205 mm
CLEARANCE
recommended knee 280 mm

space clearances.
430 mm
• The hot water basin 150 mm MIN. 840 mm
TOE CLEARANCE MAX.
temperature should be
controlled, i.e. 49 O C
or lower. Where water
temperature is higher, waste OPEN SPACE

traps below basins should


be insulated to prevent 760 mm
MIN.
accidental burns.
(See Figure 118) Figure 120

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 71
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES
• Accessible work surfaces
at service or information
counters, study carrels etc.,
should be mounted between SNACKS
760 mm and 865 mm high, SWITCH
COIN SLOT
with clear knee space below.

2.3.13 Vending Machines


Where vending machines are
provided, care should be taken 1200 mm
RECEPTACLE CHANGE RETURN
to ensure that such machines MAX.

are accessible to and useable


by persons with mobility aids
and low vision. 405 mm
MIN.

• Vending machine controls,


dispensing areas, or other
working parts should be Figure 121
located no higher than
1200 mm and no lower than
465 mm from the floor.
(See Figure 121) 13 mm
MIN.
• Signage on vending
machines should be in high
contrast letters and at least Light Dark
13 mm high, to ensure
legibility by persons with
visual limitations.
on on
(See Figure 122) Dark Light
• Floor space in front of
vending machines should
be at least 1370 mm deep Figure 122
by 1525 mm long, to allow
lateral access by persons
with mobility aids, including
wheelchair/scooter users.

72 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES INDOOR AREAS

2.3.14 Washroom • Where soap dispensers are


Accessories provided, they should be
mounted within reach of
• Washroom accessories, such all users, no higher than
as paper towel dispensers, 1200 mm from floor.
soap dispensers, and waste Dispenser should be
bins etc., should have no automatic (e.g., sensors)
controls, operating or or have buttons/controls that
dispensing components are easy to operate with one
mounted higher than hand, especially by persons
1200 mm from the floor. with limited manual
(See Figure 123) dexterity.
• Toilet paper dispenser should
be mounted so they are
reachable from a seated
position and capable of being
operated with one hand
without binding and located
so that the use of the
toilet and grab bar is not
obstructed (traditional roller 1200 mm
MAX.
to be used as an option).
• At least one mirror in public
washrooms, change rooms
or locker rooms is
recommended to be full Figure 123
length as an aid to grooming.
• Faucets on basins may be
automatic (preferred) or of
the lever handled type, set
at 205 mm on center. The
single action type is
preferred for use by
persons with limited
dexterity. (See Figure 124)
• The distance from the edge
of the vanity or basin to the
faucet should not exceed
485 mm for persons using
mobility aids.

Figure 124

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 73
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES
2.3.15 Windows and • Where required, window • Window blinds, drapes
Window Hardware hardware should be of the or louvers should have
lever handle type (i.e., not a operators, controls, and pull
In buildings with operable rotary action). cords etc., that are accessible
windows, the opening sections to persons using mobility
should be easy to reach and • In residential suites, opening aids, (i.e., with controls in an
operate by persons using units of windows should be open approachable space),
mobility aids. designed to deflect direct mounted no higher than
drafts away from the 1200 mm. (See Figure 125)
• Sill heights should ideally be occupants whenever
no higher than 760 mm from possible.
the floor to allow vision out
by persons using mobility
aids or by persons who are
confined to their beds.
(See Figure 125)
• Horizontal transoms in
windows should be designed
so that they do not interrupt
the eye level of seated
persons (i.e., not mounted
between 1070 mm and
1200 mm). (See Figure 125)
• Deep windowsills located in
residential and institutional
units that provide an extra
surface for plants and 1200 mm
photographs should be MAX.

reachable by persons using 760 mm


mobility aids.
• Window opening hardware
should be mounted no
higher than 1065 mm,
where possible.
Figure 125

74 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS INDOOR AREAS

POLICY (e.g., through changes in 2.4.2 Audible


floor finishes). Signals
All Building Systems should
be designed to accommodate • Ceiling shapes should be Essential audible signals,
the needs of people with designed so that echoes do such as fire-alarm signals or
varying disabilities. The not occur. Note: Domed elevator arrival call systems,
needs of persons with vision shaped ceilings tend to should be loud/distinct enough
or hearing loss should be distort sound. to be heard above normal
particularly considered, ambient sounds by persons
• Public address and call
with respect to lighting and with sensory disabilities.
systems should be capable
acoustic design. The needs of (See figure 126)
of being zoned to key areas,
seniors and others, respecting
rather than blanketing all • Fire alarm signals in public
personal comfort and
areas of a building at all buildings should be designed
safety, also require special
times. to alert seniors and persons
consideration.
with sensory disabilities, that
2.4.1 Acoustics (1) there is a problem, and
The acoustical environment (2) when to evacuate the
of public buildings and spaces building.
should accommodate the
unique needs of persons who
have visual or auditory
limitations and who may
need to differentiate
essential sounds from
general background noise. 50 mm

• Floor finishes, wall surfaces 1030 mm


and ceilings should be
selected so that occasional
noise is not unduly amplified
1525 mm
(e.g., hard floor surfaces
such as marble and terrazzo),
1065 mm
allow foot steps to be heard
by persons with visual 760 mm
limitations but may add
confusion for persons with
auditory disabilities.
150 mm

• Locating accessible paths of


915 mm
travel in large buildings may
be problematic for persons AN AUDIBLE SIGNAL SHALL INDICATE
THE PASSING OR LOCATION OF A FLOOR.
with visual limitations and VISUAL INDICATION SHALL BE PROVIDED IN A CAR
TO SHOW WHAT FLOOR THE CAR IS ON.
some design changes may
BOTH VISUAL AND AUDIBLE SIGNALS MUST BE USED.
be desirable to ensure that
impact sounds from
secondary corridors are Figure 126
different in quality from
sounds in major routes

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 75
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS
• Audible alarm signals should • Where interior doors in areas are required to have
be accompanied by visual public buildings providing closers as part of general
alarms, as an aid to persons access to essential services, fire-safety requirements,
who are deaf, deafened or programs, work or support power assisted openers may
hard of hearing. Note: also be desirable.
For persons who have
both visual and
auditory limitations, WIDE ZONE

portable-vibrating alarms MOTION SENSOR (TYPICAL)


should be considered.
• In all public buildings and
institutions providing
services or programs to
UNIVERSAL SYMBOL
seniors and persons with (TYPICAL)

disabilities, a two-stage
emergency alarm system is
recommended, with
distinctive (i.e., pulses or
intermittent) audible
pedestrian signals for
each stage.
APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF MOTION
SENSOR DETECTION ZONE (TYPICAL)
THE WIDE ZONE IS USED
WHERE THERE IS SIDE TRAFFIC
2.4.3 Automatic
Door Openers
Figure 127
Persons (public, staff, etc.)
with varying disabilities should
be able to enter or exit the NARROW ZONE
building safely and easily.
MOTION SENSOR (TYPICAL)

• At main entrances and at


other accessible entrances
to public buildings and
institutions, automatic door UNIVERSAL SYMBOL
(TYPICAL)
openers or assisted door
openers on both the exterior
entrance and the related
vestibule doors should be
provided. (See also Section
2.1.3, Door Hardware, Locks
and Closures and Section
2.1.5, Glazed Screens and APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF MOTION
SENSOR DETECTION ZONE (TYPICAL)
Sidelights)

THE NARROW ZONE IS USED FOR


DIRECT APPROACHES OR SWING DOORS

Figure 128

76 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS INDOOR AREAS

• The controls for power 2.4.4 Card Access Systems • See also doors and glazed
assisted doors should be & Security Systems doors. (See Section 2.1.5,
located clear of the door Glazed Screens and
swing where there is • Where card access systems Sidelights)
sufficient approach space, are selected to enter
in areas where there is a particular facilities or spaces,
minimum clear floor space the system selected should
of 1065 mm by 1525 mm for be suitable for use by
access by persons using persons with varying
mobility aids. Controls disabilities, including
should be mounted between persons with limited manual
1000 mm and 1100 mm high dexterity, visual disabilities
from floor measured from or difficulty with reaching
the centre of the control, (e.g., limited upper body
preferably not on door movement).
jambs. (See also Section 2.1, • Card entry systems should be
Entrances) wall/post mounted, between
• Where automatic detection 1000 mm and 1100 mm from
systems are used, (such as the floor measured from the
pressure sensitive mats or centre of the control card
light beams) the layout of the entry system.
mats or light beam coverage • Where keypads or other
should ensure that persons encoded entry/exit systems
using mobility aids (e.g., are used, the buttons should
wheelchairs/scooters), be raised, mounted on a
seniors or persons with bright coloured background
visual limitations have time and include raised numerals
to clear the opening safely, or letters in a constant array.
before the door closes again.
(See Figures 127 & 128) • Where keypad systems are
door or jamb mounted, there
• Where automatic exterior should be enough space
doors swing open toward (e.g., free of the door swing),
oncoming pedestrians or are to allow a person using a
located in busy interior areas, mobility aid to approach and
lateral guards should be use the keypad and the door
provided. Guards should safely.
extend a minimum of
305 mm beyond the swing • Card systems selected should
of the door on both sides of have cards that are easy to
the opening, to provide a use by persons who have
warning to persons with visual limitations, either by
visual limitations. using a distinct colour or
(See Section 2.1.2, texture on one side, or by
Doors and Doorways and using raised numbers, letters
Figure 85) and Braille to ensure easy
orientation and use.

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 77
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS
2.4.5 Communication • Where visual public • In networked systems,
Systems communication systems consideration should be
or displays are utilized for given to special input and
General (non-emergency) public information purposes, output requirements for
communication systems should (e.g., at video type persons who have sensory
be accessible to, useable and terminals), an audio output, limitations.
understood by persons with (such as voice or tape) See also Section 2.4.14.
various sensory limitations. should be considered, as
• All essential two-way well as alternate forms of
communication systems, essential information (e.g.,
utilizing voice input or large print and braille text,
output, should also include a for persons who have visual
digital display for persons limitations).
with auditory or voice
limitations.
• Communication systems
(such as telephones and
intercoms) should include at
least one unit in each array
with volume enhancement
for persons who have
hearing limitations.
Systems should also
include a coupling device for
persons using hearing aids.
• At major information
counters, enquiry and
booking locations,
consideration should be
given to the use of a
TTY telephone (i.e., text
telephone with a digital
display). (See Figure 129)
• Where visual input or output
displays are utilized, some
consideration should be
given to the needs of persons
who have visual limitations
by providing an alternate or
supplementary system, with
an audio output.

A PORTABLE TTY MOUNTED ON A SHELF LOCATED


NEXT TO A PAY TELEPHONE IS ONE SOLUTION

Figure 129

78 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS INDOOR AREAS

2.4.6 Controls and • Lever type controls or raised • All duplex receptacles
Operating Mechanisms push buttons, no smaller than should be mounted no lower
13 mm in diameter, are than 460 mm from the floor
• All controls and operating generally recommended. and no higher than 1065 mm
mechanisms should be (e.g., above counters or work
reachable and useable by • All light switches, surfaces).
persons with varying thermostats and fire alarm
disabilities. pull stations etc., should
(See Figures 130 and 131) be mounted no higher
than 1200 mm.
• All controls, operating
components or dispensing
slots should be mounted
between 610 mm and
1200 mm from the floor, to
allow easy access by persons THERMOSTAT SWITCH

using mobility aids.


• Controls and operating
mechanisms should be
clearly visible and
identifiable by a distinct ELEVATOR
1200 mm ELEVATOR HALL
colour or tone compared MAX.
HALL DOORS
CALL BUTTON
to the background colour.
The colour brightness or
contrast should be 70% or
greater for best visibility
for persons with visual
limitations. Note: Yellow Figure 130
on a black background is an
acceptable contrast, however,
grey on black provides
insufficient contrast. MAXIMUM FORWARD REACH

• Instruction information
detailing the use of key
controls or operating
mechanisms should be
clearly visible in large print
1370 mm
text, on a highly contrasting MAX.
background. Instructions
should be mounted close
to key controls or operating
mechanisms for easy
identification by all users.

Figure 131

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 79
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS
2.4.7 Electrical Power • Audible signals for two-stage • In facilities serving persons
evacuation should have who are blind or who have
Electrical power should distinct noises/sounds visual limitations, increased
be sufficient to allow in each stage (e.g. be warning signage should be
supplementary lighting and distinguishable from each provided.
communication devices to be other). (See Figure 132)
added wherever needed to • Portable vibratory alarms
benefit various persons with • Announcements regarding should be considered to
disabilities who use the facility fire-exiting procedures supplement auditory signals,
or site. should be loud enough to for persons (including staff)
carry above ambient noise with hearing limitations who
• Emergency power should be levels and be preceded by a are permanent occupants of
sufficient to ensure adequate distinctive sound, in order to a building or institution, or
emergency lighting levels, alert building occupants. who are overnight guests in
the use of elevators and other a hotel.
key operating components • Visible flashing signals
and/or systems during a should be utilized. Note:
power outage, in all major the pulse of visible flashing
areas of the facility, along all signals should be tested to
paths of travel to exits and in ensure that it does not trigger
all designated safe holding epileptic seizures.
areas.
• Signals should be mounted
• An emergency powered high on the walls and should
duplex receptacle should be be easily visible against
provided in all commercial, background colour and
institutional, and other lighting.
occupancies which facilitate
overnight accommodations,
designated for use by
persons with disabilities.
SMOKE
CONTROL SPEAKERS
DETECTORS
PANEL
2.4.8 Fire/Emergency
Systems and Signals
Fire alarm signals should
include both audible and
visible components to alert
persons with sensory
limitations. (See also Section
2.2.6, Safe Holding Areas and HEAT
DETECTORS BELLS
Section 2.4.2, Audible Signals) MICROPHONE

• Audible signals should


provide distinctive sounds
and be of sufficient power to
be heard clearly above the
ambient noise in the PULL STATIONS LINK TO FIRE DEPARTMENT
environment.
Figure 132

80 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS INDOOR AREAS

2.4.9 Heating, Cooling, and • To minimize noise from air • On display monitors,
Ventilation Systems handling systems in meeting, consideration should be
work and study areas, it is given to include an enlarging
Heating, cooling and recommended that fan function for persons with
ventilation systems should be mounts be acoustically low vision.
designed to accommodate isolated. Related ductwork
persons whose circulatory should be insulated to aid • Information systems designed
systems are inadequate. persons with hearing for direct access by the
For instance, many seniors limitations. general public, (e.g., video
and persons using mobility display terminals with
devices have difficulty sensing keyboard or keypad access)
temperature differences 2.4.10 Information Systems should be easy to operate,
because of poor circulation or require little physical effort
and Directories
body tone. When the ambient and be mounted at a height
temperature is too high or • Information systems suitable for use by persons
too low, they may become providing direct information with mobility aids (e.g.,
dehydrated or suffer from to the public need to be 1200 mm.)
hypothermia. comprehensible to a wide
• Push-buttons (or other
variety of users, including
• Ambient air temperature in controls) accessing public
persons with sensory
facilities serving persons information systems should
disabilities. (See also
who are either: frail, seniors be clearly identifiable by
Section 2.4.5,
or persons with disabilities, colour and/or tone from the
Communication Systems)
should be designed to background colour, with
operate between 21º C and • Where essential auditory a contrast of 70% or greater.
26º C (70º F and 79º F) at all information is available, Push-buttons or other
times of the year. (e.g., on audiotape, by controls should include
telephone or other means), it raised numbers, numerals
• The humidity in the air of should be complemented by or symbols for easy
residential facilities and suitable printed material. identification by persons
institutions serving seniors who have visual disabilities.
or persons with disabilities, • Essential print information (See also Section 2.4.6,
should be designed to should generally be printed Controls and Operating
operate between 30% - 40%, in large text (e.g., 12-14 pt Mechanisms)
(especially during the winter bold) on a highly contrasting
months), to aid proper background colour. Print • Lighting levels at keyboards
skin care. information should also or other controls should be
be available in alternate evenly distributed at no less
• Mechanical, ventilation and formats, including braille or than 200 lux (20 ft. candles).
air-cooling systems should audiotape, for use by persons
be designed so that the air • Visual display screens, in
who have visual limitations.
flow from diffusers/grills is public information or display
not directed towards persons • Information typically systems, should be mounted
lying in bed or toward available on visual display to ensure there is no direct
permanent seating or work- screens should also be glare (e.g., from artificial or
ing locations. available in other formats, natural lighting) on the
including audiotape or surface of the screen.
large print.

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 81
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS
2.4.11 • The leading edges of stairs, 2.4.12 Natural Lighting
Artificial Lighting steps, ramps or escalators
• Wherever possible, natural
should be evenly lit to
• Artificial lighting and natural light should be utilized to
minimize tripping hazards.
light sources should provide assist in lighting entrances,
Low-level lighting is also
comfortable, evenly corridors and major
desirable in special locations,
distributed light at all workspaces. However, care
(e.g., theatres) to aid in safe
working surfaces on the should be taken to minimize
navigation by all users.
floors of all circulation direct glare (e.g., reflected
routes and in all areas of • Lighting levels in elevator from floor or work surfaces)
potential hazard, to aid lobbies should be similar to that is problematic for
persons with low vision. the lighting levels in elevator persons with visual
cabs in order to minimize disabilities.
• Light sources and fixtures tripping hazards. Lighting
should be selected to levels in elevator lobbies are
minimize direct or indirect recommended to be no less 2.4.13 Listening Devices
glare from nearby reflective than 100 lux (10 ft. candles),
surfaces and to ensure that • In public meeting or
at the threshold of the assembly areas serving
persons with low vision can elevator.
navigate safely. a number of people,
• Emergency lighting over consideration of the needs
• Lighting design should ensure interior stairs and ramps, in of persons who are deaf or
that the quality of light is exits, or other paths of travel, hard of hearing should be
close to a full spectrum as is recommended to be included.
possible to aid in edge and whenever reasonable
colour definition by persons • An FM loop, or other
100 lux (10 ft. candles) at assistive listening system,
who have visual disabilities. the walking surface and
Where fluorescent or quartz are recommended to be
50 lux (5 ft. candles) considered for all meeting
light sources with a high in exterior locations.
blue content are used, rooms or assembly and
they should be offset with • Lighting over directional entertainment areas, serving
incandescent lights. This or informational signage more than 35 persons.
ensures the warm end of at public telephones, (See Figure 133)
the spectrum provides informational/service • Where infrared assistive
appropriate colour definition. counters, automatic teller listening devices are used,
machines, or other keypad ensure that no overhead
• Light fixtures with multiple operations, should be no less
pinpoints of high intensity incandescent lights cancel
than 200 lux (20 ft. candles) out the infrared signal at
light should be avoided, as at the working or
they add an unnecessary the receiver.
information surface.
source of glare and leave an • In meeting areas,
after image on the retina • Lighting over lecterns, dimmer switches (or other
for persons with low vision. podiums, platforms or other transformer coils) should be
speaker locations should be carefully located so as not
• Lighting should be laid out capable of being enhanced,
to create even distribution at to cause electro-magnetic
even when other lighting interference with any audio
floor level, and to minimize is dimmed, to permit
pools of light or areas of induction loops.
lip-reading and a view
shadow. Such variations in of any of the hand actions
lighting levels are confusing (i.e., from ‘signers’) used to
to many seniors and communicate with persons
persons with low vision. who are deaf.

82 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS INDOOR AREAS

• Where an FM loop system, as well as in common use • Personal alarm, staff or other
or other assistive listening areas located in institutional call systems (e.g., nurse
device is provided in public settings. call), should be selected
buildings or meeting areas, • Public address systems with care and according to
portable headsets compatible should preferably be zoned the requirements of the
with personal hearing aids so that information can be particular setting or user.
should be made available to directed to key locations Call systems should always
persons who may require only, to minimize be used with discretion.
them. (See Figure 133) background noise in other • Paging systems for use by
• Where an induction loop areas of the building. staff or other key personnel
system is utilized, only half • Where public address systems should be selected to be
the seating area will need to are used to broadcast discreet and low in volume.
be encompassed. background music, care Systems should only sound
• Every theatre intended for should be taken to ensure at devices or locations
viewing of motion pictures that it is only in selected where such persons might
shall accommodate described (zoned) areas of the facility, reasonably be expected
video and the installation of and that the system can be to be located.
rear-view captioning in switched off in localized (See also Section 2.4.5,
conformance with the areas, when required. Communication Systems)
Ontario Building Code. • All-point call systems should
• Larger meeting rooms should only be utilized for fire and 2.4.15 Telephones
be designed and furnished emergency information • See Part 1: Section 1.4.6,
to allow a clear view of the (i.e., not for paging staff). Public Telephones, and
speaker(s) at all times. Section 2.4.5,
(See also Section 2.4.1, Communication Systems.
Acoustics) (See also Figure 129)

2.4.14 Public Address MICROPHONE, CD, TAPE, TELEVISION, DVD, FILM, ETC.

Systems
• Public address systems NORMAL SOUND SYSTEM

should be easy to hear above


ambient background noise,
without distortion or SPEAKERS

feedback, as an aid persons AMPLIFIER


with hearing or visual
limitations.
• Public address speakers
should be mounted above
head-level and provide
effective sound coverage
in required areas such as
corridors, assembly and FM BROADCAST SYSTEM FM TRANSMITTER
meeting rooms, recreational,
entertainment and FM RECEIVER

educational facilities, Figure 133

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 83
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS
2.4.16 Signage and • Room numbers or names
Way-finding should be mounted on the
wall close to the opening
• Persons with visual
side of the door, preferably
limitations, seniors, persons
within 305 mm of the
with cognitive limitations
doorframe as a constant
and persons whose primary
reference location.
language is not English,
may be highly dependent on
a comprehensive signage
system, for orientation and
way-finding in large or
complex buildings, where
public services or programs
are provided. Such signage
and complementary
way-finding strategies must
be logical, consistent in
design and distribution
throughout the building and
include lettering, numbers,
pictograms or icons
that are legible and easy to
comprehend. (See Figures
134, 135, 136, 138 and 139)
• All directional signage and Figure 134
locational signage should
be mounted at eye-level,
between 1370 mm and
1525 mm high, for quick
and easy identification by
persons who have visual
limitations.
(See Figure 137)

Figure 135

84 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS INDOOR AREAS

• Lettering for room numbers • Lettering or signs providing • Directional, instructional


or names should be no general directions should be information, or maps
smaller than 25 mm high in in large size print that is showing exiting details for
sans serif type print and be legible from normal viewing emergency situations should
in a highly contrasting colour distance(s). (See Figure 141) be located on every floor of
(70% or greater), compared large buildings providing
to the background colour. services or programs
Raised lettering is preferred to the public.
for easy identification by
persons with visual
disabilities.
• For Braille users, braille
information should be
located immediately
below all room numbers
and names, as well as
below any major
directional signs.
Figure 136
(See Figure 142)
• In larger public facilities, a
tactile map of the facility
showing the distribution and
location of key areas/spaces
should be provided
RAISED
in the main entrance lobby. 0.8 mm MIN.
In large complex buildings
such as hospitals, tactile
maps may be required on
each floor and should be
located close to the major 25 mm
MIN.
point of arrival to the
floor (e.g., elevator lobby).

BRAILLE
1525 mm

Figure 137

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 85
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS
• Where special exiting 2.4.17 Ticketing Machines • Ticket dispensing machines
instructions are provided for should not have operable or
persons with disabilities, • Both interior and exterior dispensing parts higher than
(e.g., directions to ticketing machines for 1200 mm or lower than
safe holding areas), this parking, fares, or general 915 mm from floor level.
information should be in admission etc., should be
large print on a highly accessible to persons with
contrasting background for limited manual dexterity,
easy identification and persons using mobility
legibility by persons with devices and persons with
low vision. (See Figure 140) low vision.
• For exiting and fire alarm
signage, (See OBC
requirements).
• For signage relating to
elevators, (See CAN/CSA B.
355 and CAN/CSA B.651
Appendix C for Tactile
Signage).

MEN TOILET
HOMMES TOILETTE
Figure 138 Figure 139

Figure 140

86 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS INDOOR AREAS

• Control buttons or card


access locations should be 1 UNIT STROKE WIDTH = 1 UNIT
easy to identify and useable
by persons with low vision
or limited manual dexterity.
(See also Section 2.4.6, 1 UNIT
Controls and Operating
Mechanisms)

CHARACTER
2.4.18 Video Display HEIGHT = 1 UNIT
6 TO 10 UNITS
Terminals
• See Section 2.4.10
Information Systems and
Directories, Section 1 UNIT
2.4.11(a), Artificial Lighting
and Section 2.4.12(b),
Natural Lighting. Figure 141

INFORMATION SIGNS SHOULD


SLOPED SURFACE ALSO HAVE A BRAILLE STRIP

RAISED GRAPHICS AND


CHARACTERS

Figure 142

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 87
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
POLICY • The minimum number of • Public washrooms should
accessible seating locations be accessible to athletes,
Members of the public, is: 2 for the first 100 seats visitors, or staff with various
regardless of age or disability, and 1 seat for each disabilities.
should be able to access and successive 100 seats.
use all public facilities, services • Staff accommodation and
and programs. Wherever • Access panels, with a related support areas, offices
possible, staff and support minimum of 865 mm clear or meeting rooms should
areas of such facilities should entry width, should be accommodate persons with
be able to accommodate provided for all users to mobility aids. (See also
persons with disabilities as access the arena floor or Section 2.5.15, Meeting
visitors, consultants or as ice surface. Areas, Assembly
employees. Rooms and Theatres)
• Changing/Locker Room
2.5.1 Arenas accommodation for athletes
or others should be designed
• Sports arenas (including all
to accommodate all persons
coaching and playing areas)
with disabilities, including
should accommodate persons
users of mobility aids. (See
with varying disabilities, as
Figures 143, 144 and also
well as persons who use
Section 2.3.10, Public
mobility aids (e.g.,
Showers and Changing
wheelchairs and scooters).
Rooms)
• Accessible seating locations
should have clear sight lines.
Because of the increase in
size of wheelchairs and
scooters it is recommended
the accessible seating space
to be a minimum of 900 mm
wide by 1500 mm deep for
side approach. At least
two (2) spaces should be
provided together in each
location with direct access
to an accessible aisle or
passageway. (See Part 1: Figure 143 Figure 144
Section 1.3.7, Grandstands
and Viewing Areas and
Figures 38 and 39)

88 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS INDOOR AREAS

2.5.2 ATM’s / Bank Machines • Volume controls should be


available for persons with
• Automated Banking limited hearing wherever
Machines, including display voice instructions are
units, keyboards and signage provided.
should be securely mounted
and designed for use by
persons with various BANKING MACHINE
disabilities.
(See Figures 145 & 146)
• There should be a
minimum clear floor space
of deep X wide (1220 mm
X 915 mm) and
(685 mm) knee space,
in front and underneath
automated banking
machines, so that
persons using wheelchairs 165 mm MIN. 790 mm
can reach them easily. 205 mm 610 mm 710 mm
PREFFERED MIN.
• All Automated Banking
Machine related controls,
switches, panels, card and
cash handling devices,
should be mounted no higher Figure 145
than (1220 mm) from the
floor and be usable by
persons with limited BANKING MACHINE
hand-eye coordination.
• Automated Banking
Machine controls, switches,
depositories, and display
terminals should be easy
to identify and use by
persons with limited vision
or dexterity.
• Display Terminals should
include Braille instructions
and large print text for
persons with limited vision.
• Voice or sound cues should
be provided in addition
where specific sequences
or instructions are to be Figure 146
followed.

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 89
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
2.5.3 Cafeterias, Cutlery, condiments, and • Beverage dispensing areas
Restaurants, Dining napkin containers etc., should be accessible to
Areas and Bars should be mounted no higher persons using wheelchairs or
than 1065 mm from floor scooters with machines that
• Cafeterias, restaurants, level. (See Figure 148) are easy to operate with one
cafés, bars, and/or other hand. (See also Section 2.4.6
areas providing food or
beverage services, should
be accessible to persons
with varying disabilities,
including persons using
mobility aids. TRAY RAIL

• Accessible seating locations


for persons using mobility
aids should be available in
all areas or levels, providing
food or beverage services.
• Aisle spaces between
furniture, equipment or other
fixed objects should be wide
enough to allow a person
using mobility aids to pass,
i.e., major aisles should be a
minimum of 1065 mm wide.
The narrowest aisle should
810-1065 mm
be at least 810 mm wide.
(See Figure 147) Figure 147
Controls)
• Where counter service is
provided, at least one section
THIS SHELF CANNOT BE SEEN BY
of the counter should be no SOMEONE IN A WHEELCHAIR 915 mm
higher than 915 mm by
760 mm wide, to allow a REACH
610 mm
person using a wheelchair REACHABLE MAX.
DISPLAY SHELF
or scooter to approach.
(See Figure 148)
• Where cafeteria or buffet
style food services are 1220 mm
MAX.
provided, displays should be
accessible and mounted on 380 mm 915 mm
surfaces no higher than MIN.

915 mm from the floor.


Overhead display shelves
should be no higher than
1220 mm (e.g., for desserts
Figure 148
and salads etc.).

90 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS INDOOR AREAS

• Where tray rails are 2.5.4 Churches and Places • For accessible entrances,
provided, they should be of Worship (See Section 2.1.4,
as continuous as possible Entrances)
to allow persons using • All public areas in churches
wheelchairs or scooters to and places of worship should • For accessible washrooms,
slide a tray along easily. be accessible to persons showers, coatrooms, etc.,
(Note: Random access with varying disabilities, (See Section 2.3.1, Coat
cafeteria set-ups are generally including main areas of Closets and Coat Racks,
not recommended, as they worship, meeting rooms, Section 2.3.10, Public
are difficult for persons washrooms, coatrooms and Washrooms and Changing
with visual impairments to offices. Rooms)
comprehend, and difficult • Accessible seating locations, • For office and meeting room
to use by persons who are in addition to fixed seating, areas (including classrooms,
mobility impaired). should be provided for Sunday school areas, etc.,
• Cashier locations should persons using mobility aids. (See Section 2.5.15, Meeting
include accessible aisles, a Such locations should be Rooms, Assembly Areas and
minimum of 915 mm wide distributed in various places Theatres)
with clear resting surfaces to ensure that persons with
for trays etc. Surfaces should disabilities can sit with
be mounted no higher than other family members or
915 mm from the floor. friends. The recommended
(See Figure 149) proportion of accessible
seating is 2 for each 100
• Where barriers and turnstiles seating locations or 2%.
are provided to control
access, at least one
accessible location should
be included at a minimum 915 mm

of 915 mm wide.
• For queuing areas (See also
Section 2.2.8, Turnstiles
and Control Gates and
Section 2.5.3, Cafeterias,
Restaurants, Dining
Areas and Bars)
• For vending machines
(See Section 2.3.13,
Vending Machines)
• For access to outdoor eating
areas etc. (See Part 1:
Section 1.3, Special Areas
and Features)
CHECKOUT LANE COUNTER

Figure 149

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 91
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
• For raised areas e.g.: pulpits, • For signage and way finding 2.5.7 Community Centres
altars, daises, choir areas, (See Section 2.4.16, Signage
• Community Centres by their
etc., (See also Section 2.3.9 and Way-finding).
very nature, offer various
Platforms and Daises and • For public meeting areas programs and activities to a
Section 2.5.17, Schools and (See Section 2.5.15, Meeting wide range of public
Continuing Education Rooms, Assembly Areas and participants of all age
Centres) Theatres). groups. Amongst these are
• For public address systems • For public washrooms senior citizens and mothers
and listening devices (See Section 2.3.10, Public with small children. Such
(See Section 2.4.5, Washrooms and Changing centres should be fully
Communication Systems, Rooms). accessible to persons with
Section 2.4.13, Listening varying disabilities, both as
Devices and Section 2.4.14, • For fire and life safety members of the public and as
Public Address Systems) (See Section 2.4.8, Fire employees.
Emergency Systems and
• For lighting systems (See Signals, Section 2.4.14, • All public areas of
Section 2.4.11, Artificial Public Address Systems and Community Centres should
Lighting and Section 2.4.12, Section 2.6.4, Fire and Life be designed to be accessible
Natural Lighting) Safety). to persons using mobility
aids, as well as persons with
sensory limitations.
2.5.5 Office Buildings 2.5.6 Clinics • For general access
• Offices providing services or • All facilities providing health requirements (See
programs to the public should care services to the public Section 2.1.4, Entrances,
be accessible to everyone, should be fully accessible to Section 2.1.7, Thresholds,
including staff, regardless of seniors and persons with Section 2.2.1, Aisles and
age or disability. varying disabilities. Passageways and Section
• Accessible offices and 2.2.2, Corridors and
• Public health, out-patient, Hallways)
workspaces should be able to physiotherapist, chiropractic
accommodate persons using clinics, doctor’s offices, • For public meeting and
mobility aids in all areas of dental offices, diagnostic assembly areas (See Section
the building or site. and treatment settings should 2.5.15, Meeting Rooms,
• All support areas and be designed to be fully Assembly Areas and
amenities provided for both accessible to persons using Theatres)
the public and employees mobility aids. • For public display or
should be accessible • All clinic, diagnostic, exhibition areas (See Section
to persons using mobility treatment or support areas, 2.5.9, Display, Exhibition
aids, as well as persons with including offices, Areas, Galleries and
limited vision or hearing. consultation and treatment Museums)
• For public information areas cubicles, should be large • For recreation facilities,
and services (See Section enough to accommodate swimming pools and arenas
2.1.9, Waiting Areas, Section persons using wheelchairs/ (See Section 2.5.1, Arenas,
2.3.5, Information and scooters with no internal Section 2.5.10, Gymnasium,
Service Counters, Section aisle less than 1100 mm Section 2.5.11, Ice-Rinks,
2.4.5, Communication wide and doorway less than Section 2.5.15, Recreation
Systems and Section 2.4.10, 865 mm wide, between walls Facilities and Section 2.5.23,
Information Systems and or door stops. Swimming Pools)
Directories)

92 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS INDOOR AREAS

• For public amenities such • All offices, meeting rooms, 2.5.9 Display, Exhibition
as washrooms, showers, holding areas, changing Areas, Galleries and
changing, cloakrooms, and areas or other support Museums
public telephones, etc. (See facilities available to
Section 2.3.1, Coat Closets members of the legal • All displays or exhibits
and Coat Racks, Section fraternity, the police or whether in permanent or
2.3.10, Public Washrooms support staff should be temporary locations, should
and Changing Rooms) accessible to persons with be capable of being accessed,
varying disabilities. enjoyed and understood by
• For public libraries (See persons with varying
Section 2.5.13, Libraries) • Special holding/detention disabilities.
areas and visitor areas should
• For signage and way finding be designed to accommodate • Exhibition and display
(See Section 2.4.16, Signage persons using mobility aids, spaces should be fully
and Way-finding) including all access routes accessible to persons using
• For building systems, from prisoner arrival areas mobility aids. Aisle spaces
heating, lighting, ventilation through to the courtroom or between exhibits or study
and communications (See meeting and interview areas should be at least
Section 2.4.1, Acoustics, rooms. 1065 mm.
2.4.5, Communication • For general accessibility • Exhibits should be mounted
Systems, 2.4.7, Electrical requirements, for entrances, so that a person using a
Power and Section 2.4.9, hallways, stairs, etc. (See wheelchair can look at the
Heating, Cooling and Section 2.1.4, Entrances, exhibit easily from a seated
Ventilation Systems) Section 2.2.1, Aisles and position. Where exhibits are
Passageways, Section 2.2.2, displayed in horizontal or
Corridors and Hallways and inclined cases, they should
2.5.8 Courthouses, be mounted no higher than
Section 2.2.7, Stairs and
Detention Areas and Steps) 915 mm and wherever
Police Stations possible, include knee space
• For assembly or meeting below at 700 mm high to
• Public, administrative and areas (See Section 2.5.15,
holding areas of courthouses, allow a direct approach by a
Meeting Rooms, Assembly person using a mobility aid
police stations and related Areas and Theatres)
detention areas should be (e.g., to approach book
accessible to persons with • For accessible washrooms, displays or small object
varying disabilities, whether changing areas and locker displays).
as prisoners, members of rooms (See Section 2.3.10, • For persons with visual
the public, advocates, Public Washrooms and limitations, tactile exhibits
counselors, or as support Changing Rooms and should be available (e.g.,
staff. Section 2.3.6, Lockers and sculptural pieces), with
Baggage Storage) nearby information printed
• All court rooms and public
areas of courthouses should • For Signage and way finding in large print text, Braille, or
be fully accessible to persons (See Section 2.4.16, Signage provided on an audiotape.
using mobility aids. and Way-finding)

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 93
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
• Where audio-information is • For persons who have visual 2.5.12 Hospitals and
provided for persons who limitations, care should be Health Care Facilities
are hard of hearing, some taken to ensure that there
consideration of increased are no obstacles in the • All facilities providing health
volume on personal cassettes gymnasium area that might care services to the general
as well as compatibility with constitute a hazard (e.g., public or to private clients
hearing aids is desirable. unprotected floor slots for should be fully accessible to
Written text should also be equipment mounting, the persons with varying
available. underside of bleacher areas, disabilities.
signs, brackets, or equipment • All arrival and entrance areas
• Lighting in exhibit and dis- protruding from the walls).
play areas should be capable should be fully and
(See also Section 2.6.7, autonomously accessible to
of being enhanced in key Obstacles)
locations for specific exhibit persons using mobility aids
enjoyment by persons who and to persons with visual
have visual limitations. limitations. (See Section
2.5.11 Ice-Rinks 2.1.4, Entrances)
• Lighting at display cases • Ice-rinks, whether indoors as
should be designed to • All waiting, admission,
part of an arena, or outdoors diagnostic, consultation and
minimize reflected glare. as part of a park’s winter treatment areas should be
function, should be fully accessible to persons
accessible to and useable using mobility aids.
2.5.10 Gymnasium by persons with varying (See also Section 2.1.9,
• A gymnasium, whether disabilities. Waiting Areas and 2.3.5,
part of an educational or a • All public amenities and Information Systems and
recreational setting, should viewing areas should be Directories)
be accessible and useable by accessible to persons who
persons with varying • All essential support areas
have varying disabilities that are available to the
disabilities. including persons using public or clients should be
• The main floor or exercise mobility aids. accessible to persons with
areas of gymnasiums should • Many persons who have varying disabilities. (See
be fully accessible to persons visual limitations may wish Section 2.3.5, Information
using mobility aids, to attend hockey games, and Service Counters and
including all related listen to the plays, and Section 2.4.10, Information
changing areas, showers, enjoy the noise, smells, and Systems and Directories)
washrooms, and lockers. camaraderie of the game.
(See Section 2.3.10, Public • All client rooms for short or
Spaces should be provided long-term accommodation,
Washrooms and Changing where they can optimize this
Rooms and Section 2.3.6, including any attached
desire. washrooms, clothing storage
Lockers and Baggage
Storage) areas or lounges, should be
accessible to persons using
• Seating areas provided as mobility aids. (See also
bleachers or galleries Section 2.1.9, Waiting
overlooking the gymnasium Areas and 2.3.10, Public
floor should be accessible to Washrooms and Changing
persons using mobility aids. Rooms)

94 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS INDOOR AREAS

• Heating, ventilation and • Study tables should be • Where CD’s, taped


communications systems designed to accommodate information and talking
should be appropriate for persons using mobility aids, books etc. are available
persons with varying with clear knee space of at to seniors, children with
disabilities. (See Section least 700 mm high. disabilities, or persons with
2.4.9, Heating, Cooling and visual limitations as part
Ventilation Systems) • Shelving over study carrels, of the libraries resource
tables or study counters materials, a separate space
• All communication systems, should be no higher than should be set aside so that
such as nurse calls, 1220 mm to allow an easy materials can be audited
telephones or public forward reach over the without disturbing other
address systems, should working surface. (See library users. (See also
be appropriate for persons Section 2.3.12, Vanities Section 2.4.5,
with varying disabilities. and Work Sections) Communication Systems)
(See Section 2.4.14,
Public Address Systems) • Acoustic quality in library,
reading and study areas
should limit extraneous
2.5.13 Libraries background noise, permitting
comprehension by persons
• All library areas, including with limited hearing. (See
checking areas, book stacks Section 2.4.1, Acoustics)
and reading/teaching spaces,
should be accessible to
seniors and persons with
varying disabilities.
1065 mm
• Book return and checking MIN.

area counters should be


designed to be accessible to
persons using mobility aids.
• Book stack areas should
have aisles preferably
1065 mm wide, or a
minimum of 915 mm wide,
1065 mm
to allow easy access and MIN.
maneuverability by persons
using mobility aids.
(See Figure 150) 1065 mm
MIN.
• Lighting at book stacks
should be mounted directly
over the aisle space and
provide a minimum of
200 lux (20 ft. candles) at
normal working height (i.e.,
915 mm approx.), as a
benefit to seniors and
others with low vision. Figure 150

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 95
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
2.5.14 Long Term Care • For interior building • For communication systems
Facilities systems (See Section 2.4.1, (See Section 2.4.5,
Acoustics, Section 2.4.7, Communication Systems)
• Facilities (including Electrical Power, Section
Retirement Houses, Homes 2.4.9, Heating, Cooling and • For signage and way finding
for the Aged, Group Homes, Ventilation Systems and (See Section 2.4.16, Signage
Nursing Homes or Chronic Section 2.6.5, Maintenance) and Way-finding)
Care Facilities) providing • For exterior areas, parking,
residential or long-term care • For washrooms, showers,
and bathing areas (See entrances, walkways and
to seniors, or persons with gardens, patios, etc., (See
physical or mental disabilities, Section 2.3.10, Public
Washrooms and Part 1: Section 1.2.1,
should be designed to be Accessible Routes to
fully accessible to persons Changing Rooms)
Entrances, Section 1.1,
with varying disabilities. • For care and treatment areas Exterior Routes, Section
• While the primary (See Section 2.5.6, Clinics, 1.1.7, Paths, Sidewalks
motivation is to provide a Section 2.5.12, Hospitals and and Walkways, Section 1.2.1,
home-like environment for Health Care Facilities, Accessible Routes to
persons in long term care Section 2.5.14, Long Term Entrances, Section 1.2.5,
with enough activity and Care Facilities and Section Parking and Section 1.3.2,
support space for typical 2.5.18, Seniors Housing) Outdoor Eating and
programs and services, it is Entertainment Spaces:
• For resident activity and Balconies and Terraces)
also critical that needed recreation areas (See Section
accessibility components (See Part 2: Section 2.1.1,
2.5.10, Gymnasium, Section Canopies and Weather
that support reduced physical 2.5.11, Ice-Rinks, Section
‘ability’ or intellectual Protection, Section 2.1.2,
2.5.16, Recreation Facilities Doors and Doorways,
competence is integrated and Section 2.5.23,
as subtly as possible. Section 2.1.4, Entrances,
Swimming Pools) Section 2.1.7, Thresholds
• For entrances, primary • For resident dining areas and Section 2.2, Interior
circulation and public (See Section 2.3.2, Door and Routes)
amenities (See Section Cupboard Hardware, Section
2.3.5, Information and 2.5.3, Cafeterias, Restaurants,
Service Counters, Section Dining Areas and Bars and
2.3.10, Public Washrooms 2.5.19, Residential Kitchens)
and Changing Rooms,
Section 2.4.6, Controls • For interior design, furniture,
and Operating Mechanisms, finished, colour and texture
Section 2.4.16, Signage and (See Section 2.1.6, Mats and
Way-finding and Section Mat Sinkages, Section 2.3.4,
2.6.7, Obstacles) Equipment and Furniture,
Section 2.6.1, Texture and
• For fire and life safety Pattern, Section 2.6.2, Floor
(See Section 2.4.8, Fire Surfaces/Textures, Section
Emergency Systems and 2.6.3, Colour and Tone,
Signals, Section 2.4.14, Section 2.6.6, Materials and
Public Address Systems Finishes, Section 2.6.8,
and Section Pattern and Section 2.6.9,
2.6.4, Fire and Life Safety) Glare and Light Sources)

96 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS INDOOR AREAS

2.5.15 Meeting Rooms, 2.5.16 Recreation Facilities • For persons with visual
Assembly Areas and limitations in respect to
• Recreational facilities circulation routes, signage
Theaters providing programs or and obstacles, (See
• Meeting rooms and assembly services to the general Section 2.2, Interior Routes,
areas, whether used by the public and/or to special Section 2.4.16, Signage
public at large, by tenants or groups, and clubs etc. should and Way-Finding and
visitors to specific buildings, be fully accessible to persons Section 2.6.6, Materials
should all be designed with various disabilities. and Finishes).
to be accessible to persons • All areas and amenities
with varying disabilities, • For persons with hearing
should be accessible to limitations (See Section
including persons using persons using mobility aids.
mobility aids and persons 2.4.1, Acoustics, Section
(See Part 1: Section 1.1, 2.4.5, Communication
with sensory limitations. Exterior Routes and Part 2:
(See also Section 2.2.1, Systems and Section 2.5.15,
Section 2.1, Entrances) Meeting Rooms, Assembly
Aisles and Passageways and
Part 1: Section 1.3.7, Areas and Theatres).
Grandstands and Viewing
Areas)
• Accessible seating should be 850 mm
distributed and integrated MIN.

throughout seating areas


of assembly rooms with
different vantage points 1220 mm
MIN.
available to all
persons with disabilities.
EXIT EXIT
• All entertainment and
assembly areas should be
able to accommodate persons DOES NOT
using various mobility aids. INTERFERE
WITH SEATING
(See Figure 151) EGRESS

• All meeting and assembly


areas should be able to
accommodate persons who
have visual limitations.
(See also Section Part 1:
Section 1.3.7, Grandstands ENTRANCE ENTRANCE
EXIT EXIT
and Viewing Areas)
THEATRE VIEWING POSITION DOES NOT INFRINGE ON
AISLE REQUIREMENTS

Figure 151

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 97
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
2.5.17 Schools and • For swimming pools (See • For exterior areas and
Continuing Education Section Part 1: Section 1.3.8, amenities (See Part 1,
Centres Outdoor Swimming Pools Section 1.2, Arrival and
and Wading Pools and Departure Areas and Section
• Educational facilities serve a Section 1.3.16, Waterfront 1.4, Outdoor Amenities).
variety of age groups from Areas) (See Part 2: Section
pre-kindergarten children to • For interior routes and
2.5.16, Recreation Facilities amenities (See Part 2,
seniors. All such facilities and Section 2.5.23,
should be able to meet the Section 2.2, Interior Routes
Swimming Pools) and Section 2.3, Interior
needs of persons of all ages
and with varying disabilities. • For Gymnasium (See Amenities).
Section 2.5.10, Gymnasium) • Within individual apartment
• For exterior areas, routes,
playing fields, and other • For building services and units, it is recommended that
amenities, (See Section systems (See Section 2.4.1, all hallways to bedroom and
2.5.1, Arenas, Section 2.5.10, Acoustics, Section 2.4.7, bathroom doorways be a
Gymnasium, Section 2.5.11, Electrical Power, Section minimum of 1065 mm
Ice-Rinks, Section 2.5.16, 2.4.9, Heating, Cooling and wide to provide sufficient
Recreation Facilities, Section Ventilation Systems and clearance for users with
2.5.23, Swimming Pools) Section 2.6.5, Maintenance) mobility aids (note: a
• For Signage (See Section minimum of 810 mm
• For interior circulation and between door stops is
amenities (See Section 2.1.4, 2.4.16, Signage and
Way-finding) recommended).
Entrances, Section 2.1.7,
Thresholds, Section 2.2,
Interior Routes, Section 2.5.18 Seniors Housing 2.5.19 Residential Kitchens
2.2.2, Corridors and • All kitchens, kitchenettes or
Hallways, Section 2.2.4, • Seniors housing projects
typically accommodate counter areas used for food
Elevators and Platform preparation should be made
Lifts and Section 2.2.5, persons from ages 55 to 95
and as many as 25% may accessible to persons using
Interior Ramps) mobility aids, with aisles
have some form of physical
• For classrooms and assembly disability. In many cases, between counters no less
areas, libraries, etc. (See younger persons with than 1065 mm wide. Where
Section 2.5.13, Libraries, disabilities are also part of possible, turning space for a
Section 2.5.15, Meeting the specific population of wheelchair/scooter should
Rooms, Assembly Areas and tenants and have traditionally also be available in dead end
Theatres and Section 2.5.17, been assigned "accessible" areas. A turning space of
Schools and Continuing units. However, to 1500 mm in diameter should
Education Centres) accommodate the needs be provided with clear knee
of all seniors who continue space below counters.
• For cafeterias (See Section
to age and may accrue Suitable turning space and
2.5.3, Cafeterias,
functional disabilities knee space below counters
Restaurants, Dining
(particularly in those age allows free movement and
Areas and Bars)
groups over 75), it is approach by persons using
wise to design the whole wheelchairs/scooters.
facility to be "universally (For variations in layout, see
accessible", i.e, useable Figures 152 and 153).
by anyone with physical,
sensory, or cognitive
limitations.

98 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS INDOOR AREAS

• In accessible kitchens and and convection ovens are • Generally, many persons
kitchenettes, all cupboards, preferred by many persons with disabilities prefer "open
cabinets and pantries should with disabilities. concept" kitchens – a design
be designed to be accessible that provides easier access,
to persons using mobility • Additional lighting should improved lighting
aids, with upper shelves no be provided over the sink, conditions and overall
higher than 1370 mm from cooking and work surfaces to greater manoeuvrability,
the floor for easy reach by ensure safe use of facilities especially for persons
persons using mobility aids. by persons with low vision using mobility devices.
(See Section 2.3.2, Door and or limited dexterity.
Cupboard Hardware) • For persons using mobility
• Kitchen stoves ideally should aids, consider the use of
have front or side controls to side-by-side
minimize burns. Burns may refrigerator/freezer units
occur from reaching over hot to facilitate easier access.
items or open burners.
Automatic off-switches
should be provided
where possible, to control
unattended/unused burners.
• Duplex receptacles (e.g.,
power outlets), where
mounted above counter
height, should generally be 1500 mm
no higher than 1065 mm
from floor level. Duplex
receptacles should be located
so that loose electrical cords
do not cause a potential
tripping hazard, especially
for persons with visual Figure 152
limitations.
• Clear counter space, a
minimum of 300 mm wide
should be provided on both
sides of stoves for safe
operation.
• Where microwave ovens are
installed, they should be 1500 mm 1500 mm
located at counter height
with a clear level area of
counter in front, allowing
easy transfer of food items.
In general, larger microwave

Figure 153

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 99
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
2.5.20 Residential • Controls for bathtubs should • Faucets and controls should
Bathrooms ensure that the hot water be of the "single-lever
temperature in the action" handle type so that
• Bathrooms, washrooms or showerhead or faucet they are easy to use by
shower areas should be large does not exceed 49º C to persons with limited
enough to accommodate minimize accidental strength or grasp.
persons using mobility aids scalding. For faucets and
or a commode chair. mirrors etc., (See Section
Consideration should be 2.3.14, Washroom
given to providing space for Accessories)
a wheelchair accessible
shower, in lieu of a standard
bathtub. Where a bathtub is
provided, a transfer seat, 2440 mm

level with the bath rim and


at least 380 mm (deep) is
recommended at the end 460 mm

located opposite of the 700 mm


controls. A 915 mm long
horizontal grab-rail, mounted
at 835 mm high on the long 1500 mm
760 mm
sidewall, is recommended to MIN.
provide stability in entering,
exiting or standing while in 1500 mm
the tub. (For variations in
layout, see Section 2.3.10,
Public Showers and
Changing Rooms and 455 mm VARIES
305 mm
Figures 118, 119, 120
& 154)
• Bathtubs and showers should 860 mm
MIN. CLEARANCE
have a non-slip finish in the DOOR

standing area.
Figure 154
• The preferred side grab bar
is the reversed “L” shaped
type.
• Lighting levels in bathrooms
should be evenly distributed
and no less than 100 lux
(10 ft. candles).

100 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS INDOOR AREAS

2.5.21 Residential Bedrooms • All interior routes should be • For interior lighting (See
accessible to persons using Section 2.4.11, Artificial
• Ensure that enough mobility aids. (See Section Lighting and Section 2.4.12,
circulation space is 2.2, Interior Routes) Natural Lighting) and for
available for persons using Public Telephones
wheelchairs or scooters in • For information and (See Part 1: Section 1.4.6,
the master bedroom, at communications services Public Telephones)
doorways, at closets and (See Section 2.3.5,
beside the bed, to allow Information and Service • For fire and life safety
easy access and transfer. counters, Section 2.4.5, strategies, alarms, etc.
(See Figure 155) Communication Systems (See Section 2.4.8, Fire
and Section 2.4.10, Emergency Systems and
• For hardware on doors, Information Systems Signals, Section 2.4.14,
closets, and cabinetwork, and Directories) Public Address Systems
and windows. (See section and 2.6.4, Fire and Life
2.1.3, Door Hardware, Locks • For restaurants, cafes and Safety)
and Closers and Figures bars (See Section 2.5.3,
87 and 88) Cafeterias, Restaurants,
Dining Areas and Bars)

2.5.22 Shopping Centres • For cinemas and theatres


(See Section 2.5.15, Meeting
and Malls Rooms, Assembly Areas and
• Shopping Centers and Malls Theatres)
should be designed to
accommodate persons of all
ages and disabilities.
• For exterior areas, parking
and pedestrian routes to
entrances. (See Part 1:
Section 1.1.6, Lay-Bys for
Vehicles, Figure 11,Section
1.1.7, Paths, Sidewalks and
Walkways, Figures 12 and
13, Section 1.1.8, Pedestrian
Routes, Figures 14 and 15
and Section 1.2.5, Parking,
Figures 25, 27 and 28)
• For exterior amenities (See
Part 1, Section 1.4, Outdoor
Amenities)
• For signage and way finding
(See Section 2.4.16, Signage
and Way-finding)
RESIDENTIAL BEDROOMS

1525 mm

Figure 155

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 101
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
• For interior design, • For Building Systems • It should be noted that
materials, finishes, colour, generally (See Section 2.4.7, where pools are to be used
and texture (See Section Electrical Power, Section for special programming,
2.1.6, Mats and Mat 2.4.9, Heating, Cooling and (e.g., seniors swimming
Sinkages, Section 2.3.4, Ventilation Systems and programs, mothers and
Equipment and Furniture, Section 2.6.5, Maintenance) babies / learn-to-swim
Section 2.6.1, Texture and programs, etc.), the ambient
Pattern, Section 2.6.2, Floor • For Public Swimming temperature of the water
Surfaces/Textures, Section Pools a Unisex Change should be able to be
2.6.3, Colour and Tone, room/Washroom should be increased by at least 6º C
Section 2.6.6, Materials and considered so that assistance e.g. to 27°C, to improve
Finishes, Section 2.6.8, can be provided when comfort levels for less
Pattern and Section 2.6.9, needed, for persons of active users.
Glare and Light Sources) the opposite sex.
(See Figure 156)
• For general maintenance of
interior areas (See Section
2.4.7, Electrical Power, 460 mm MIN.
480 mm MAX.
2.4.9, Heating, Cooling and
Ventilation Systems and
Section 2.6.5, Maintenance)
DROP
DOWN
SEAT

900 mm
GULLEY
2.5.23 Swimming Pools
• Indoor swimming pools and
SIDE GRAB BAR
related amenities, whether 865 mm
(REVERSED "L" SHAPED PREFERRED)
DOOR
as part of a recreational 1880 mm RECOMMENDED
complex, community centre, 1700 mm MIN.

educational facility, or as SHOWER


PULL RAILS
part of a recreational area in ON DOORS 2890 mm
CONTROL

a residential complex, should HANDRAIL


all be accessible to persons
with varying disabilities.
• For general accessibility 460 mm
requirements (See Figures
40 and 41) also (See Part 1,
Section 1.2, Arrival and
NOT TO SCALE
Departure Areas and
Figure 156
Section 1.3.8, Outdoor
Swimming Pools and
Wading Pools).
• All pool area floor surfaces
should be easy to clean,
non-glare, non-slip and
finished with a light colour
finish, e.g.: matte ceramic
tile.

102 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS INDOOR AREAS

• Ambient air temperature in 2.5.24 Theatres and • For fire and life-safety
pools should generally be no Media Display Areas (See Section 2.4.8, Fire
lower than 25º C and no Emergency Systems and
higher than 32º C. • All theatre or assembly areas Signals, Section 2.4.14,
providing live performances, Public Address Systems
• Lighting over pool and deck films, music or educational and 2.6.4, Fire and Life
areas, as well as in showers programming should be Safety)
and changing areas, should designed to be accessible to
be a minimum of 200 lux and useable by a wide range • Where multi-media or
(20 ft. candles), at deck of persons, including those inter-active media
or floor surface. Fixtures with varying disabilities, in a presentations are to be
over pool areas should be variety of seating locations, provided, every attempt
selected and positioned to and price ranges. should be made to ensure
minimize reflected glare off that persons using mobility
the pool surface. Fixtures • For general access, devices have access to
should also be positioned for amenities, and support needed controls (See Section
easy re-lamping. (See also areas (See Section 2.1.4, 2.4.6) and that persons with
Section 2.6.5, Maintenance) Entrances, Section 2.1.7, sensory limitations can
Thresholds, Section 2.2, receive the transmitted
• Natural daylight in pool Interior Routes) information through alternate
areas should be controllable modes (e.g., by both vision
to minimize glare off the • For seating accommodation,
equipment, and furniture and hearing, as well as
pool surface, especially from through large text or Braille
south and west sunlight. (See Section 2.3.4,
Equipment and Furniture, material).
• Acoustic quality in the pool Part 1: Section 1.3, Special • For fixed theatre seating,
area should minimize echoes Areas and Features) a variety of seat sizes
and unnecessary noise, as a and designs should be
benefit to persons who are • For general building
systems, heating, lighting, considered, (e.g., wider seats
vision or hearing impaired. and seats with flip up arms at
ventilation, controls, etc.,
• Signage in pools should be (See Section 2.4.1, the end of aisles to assist
suitable for persons with low Acoustics, Section 2.4.5, persons transferring from
vision. Communication Systems, their wheelchair or scooter).
• Exterior patios and Section 2.4.7, Electrical
landscaped areas adjacent to Power, Section 2.4.9,
indoor pool areas should be Heating, Cooling and
accessible to wheelchair Ventilation Systems and
users. (See Part 1: Section Section 2.6.5, Maintenance)
1.3.2, Outdoor Eating and • For acoustics,
Entertainment Spaces: communications systems,
Balconies and Terraces) and listening devices
(See Section 2.4.1,
Acoustics, Section 2.4.5,
Communication Systems
and Section 2.4.13,
Listening Devices)

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 103
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
2.5.25 Transit Settings • For passenger queuing areas, • For Signage and way finding
passenger ticketing, and (See Section 2.4.16, Signage
• Transit terminals, serving information, etc. (See and Way-finding)
one or more modes of transit Section 2.3.5, Information
(e.g., buses and trains), and Service Counters, • For public telephones
should have all levels, Section 2.4.10, Information (See Part 1: Section 1.4.6,
facilities and amenities Systems and Directories and Public Telephones)
accessible to persons using Section 2.4.16, Ticketing • Where train platforms or
mobility aids and others Machines) other boarding platforms are
with varying disabilities.
• For waiting areas, seating provided, they should allow
• For general accessibility and luggage holding areas safe access for persons using
criteria for all exterior areas (See Section 2.3.6, Lockers mobility aids and where
and amenities (See Part 1: and Baggage Storage) possible, provide level
Section 1.2.2, Bus/Public access to the train or bus
Transit Shelters • For boarding areas generally floor surface.
and Section 1.2.3, (See Section 1.2, Arrival and
Departure Areas) • For persons who have visual
Bus Stops)
limitations, a tactile warning
• For interior routes and public • For public washrooms surface at least 610 mm deep
amenities generally (See (See Section 2.3.10, Public should be provided at the
Section 2.2, Interior Routes, Washrooms and Changing edge of the platform.
Section 2.3, Interior Rooms) (See Part 1: Section 1.2.2,
Amenities and Part 1: Bus/Public Transit Shelters
• For food service areas, and Section 1.2.3, Bus Stops,
Section 1.4, Outdoor
vending machines, etc., also See Figure 157)
Amenities)
(See Section 2.3.13,
• For ticketing, information, Vending Machines)
or sales counter areas (See
• For communications and
Section 2.3.5, Information
information systems (See
and Service Counters,
Section 2.4.2, Audible
Section 2.4.10, Information
Signals, Section 2.4.5,
Systems and Directories and
Communication Systems and
Section 2.4.17, Ticketing
Section 2.4.10, Information
Machines)
Systems and Directories)

104 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS INDOOR AREAS

• Lighting levels in all • Seating should be provided • For general safety,


boarding areas should be for seniors and persons with emergency, and fire alarm
at least 100 lux (10 ft. limited stamina on the systems (See Section Part 1:
candles) at the platform or platform or close to the Section 1.6.10, Safety and
boarding surface level. boarding area. Security and Part 2:
Lighting levels in all Section 2.4.8, Fire
ticketing areas or at ticketing Emergency Systems and
machines should be at least Signals, Section 2.4.14,
200 lux (20 ft. candles). Public Address Systems and
Section 2.6.4, Fire and Life
• Warning signals, required Safety)
to advise of approaching
vehicles, should be both
visible and audible to assist
travellers with visual or
hearing limitations.
(See also Section 2.4.2,
THE DETECTABLE WARNING SURFACE
Audible Signals) SHOULD BE POSITIONED PARALLEL TO
THE OPEN PLATFORM EDGE. IT SHOULD
• Where special lifting devices EXTEND FOR THE FULL LENGTH OF THE
PLATFORM AND IT SHOULD MAINTAIN
are used, either on the A DEPTH OF 610 mm FROM THE OPEN
EDGE OF THE PLATFORM.
vehicle or at the boarding
point, enough free space
should be provided around
the boarding point for
waiting passengers using
mobility aids (e.g.,
wheelchairs and scooters).

Figure 157

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 105
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.6 OTHER
POLICY: (SAFETY) of light to determine where • Suitable warning textures for
they are and whether hazards interior use include: raised
In public buildings and are present. domes, dots or squares (e.g.,
particular residential and as found in some vinyl floor
institutional environments coverings); deeply grooved
designed for seniors or others concrete, terrazzo or other
2.6.2 Floor
with disabilities, the safety of stone like materials (e.g.,
Surfaces/Textures
residents is of particular with closely centred grooves,
concern. Therefore, everything • Interior and exterior at right angles to the path of
that can be done to eliminate floor/paving surfaces travel); and applied non-slip
or minimize obstacles or should be of a non-slip strips (e.g., carborundum
hazards to normal safe access and low-glare material. strips).
and use must be considered, as
well when a specific emergency • All level changes, whether at • Modern textures can also be
may arise. stairs, steps, escalators or used on wall surfaces as part
ramps should be marked by of the overall way-finding
2.6.1 Texture and Pattern both distinct colours/tones strategy.
• People with low vision or and textural changes at the
walking surface. Changes in • Supplementary textural cues
who are legally blind, are
texture should occur, at least can also be provided (e.g., by
frequently dependent upon
915 mm, or one pace, before using different floor textures
tactile and visual cues in the
the actual level change. or materials in major and
environment, both to find
(See also Figure 21). Note: minor interior routes) as
their way in complex
Bright (‘industrial’) yellow an aid to persons who are
settings, but also to be
or other saturated colours blind or who have visual
forewarned about potential
from the warm end of the limitations.
hazards. Way-finding
strategies (e.g., signage spectrum are most visible to
systems) should utilize persons with low vision.
at least 70% (or greater)
contrast. Note: One CARPET VARIATION
exception is the use of bright
NOTE: ONLY LEVEL LOOP, DENSE CARPET WITHOUT
yellow, which is acceptable UNDERLAY IS SUITABLE FOR WHEELCHAIR USERS
at 40% contrast.
CUT LOOP CUT-LOOP
• Persons who are blind and
use a cane or a dog to assist
them are particularly
dependent on texture at the
walking surface, the acoustic
quality of the space, and the
PLUSH LEVEL LEVEL TIP SHEAR
availability of Braille or
other tactile information etc.
to alert them. However,
persons with visual
limitations are more
dependent on contrast FRIEZE MULTI-LEVEL RANDOM SHEAR

and colour and the amount

Figure 158

106 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.6 OTHER INDOOR AREAS

• Clearly defined boundaries • Baseboards in 2.6.4 Fire and Life Safety


of carpeting or floor tile can monochromatic
• In buildings used by seniors
enhance way-finding by environments should be
or people with disabilities
defining the junction highly contrasting (70% or
(e.g., visitors, residents or
between walls and higher) with wall and floor
employees) it is important to
floors and by indicating colours to provide needed
ensure that a comprehensive
doorway recesses, corridor boundary definition for
evacuation plan and
intersections or projecting persons with low vision.
operational strategies are
hazards, etc. • For seniors with vision loss, in place in case of a fire or
• Where carpet is used in areas colours in the warm end of other emergency, since it is
accommodating wheelchair the spectrum are easier to generally considered that such
traffic a level loop pile of distinguish. Colours such as persons may be at greater
non-static nylon (or better) is pastel blue or grey should be risk and may be less able
recommended with a pile avoided. to autonomously evacuate
height no greater than than the general public.
(6mm). A glue-down (See Figures 159 & 160)
installation is preferred.
(See Figure 158)
FIRE RATED WALLS

SPRINKLER
2.6.3 Colour and Tone
• For signage, the use of bright
colour or highly contrasting
tones is an essential part of a
suitable way-finding strategy
for persons with low vision, FIRE CONTAINED
TO ROOM
minimum 70% contrast
(except where ‘industrial
yellow is used) in which case
40% contrast. Colour can be
used as a background for
signage, located on walls at
eye level. This band of
FIRE RATED
colour is easier to follow DOORS
than monolithic wall colours
and can be used as a constant A PROPERLY DESIGNATED FIRE COMPARTMENTATION OR
FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM WILL CONFINE THE FIRE
location for all essential
signs. Figure 159

• End walls or return walls in


long corridors can also be
defined by the use of highly
contrasting colours or tones, EXIT ESCALIER
to denote a change of
direction or the end STAIRS DE SORTIE
of the space.

Figure 160

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 107
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.6 OTHER
• In buildings where persons
with disabilities are REFUGE AREAS WITHIN FLOOR AREA
employed or are frequent
visitors, a fire and life safety INOPERABLE ELEVATORS

plan that will address the


needs of all building users
is recommended. REFUGE AREA REFUGE AREA

• All public buildings with


floors above or below grade FIRE DOORS

should develop a fire-safety


and emergency plan,
indicating in detail the
preferred ‘evacuation’ or
‘holding’ area strategies CONTINUOUS FIRE SEPARATION
for persons with
Figure 161
disabilities - whether
as employees or visitors.
PRESSURIZED ELEVATOR SHAFT
• Such strategies may include
separating certain areas of
the building, to allow for
‘horizontal exiting’ to a safe
area on the same floor, or the
creation of ‘safe holding
areas’ in the same general
area. (See Figures 161, 162
and 163)
• Where safe-holding areas
are provided, they should
be equipped with emergency ELEVATOR REFUGE AREA

lighting, a two-way Figure 162


communication system,
as well as separate
ventilation so that they
can be used when normal
building systems are shut
down. Such areas need to
have a minimum one-hour
protective enclosure.

REFUGE AREA REFUGE AREA

Figure 163

108 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.6 OTHER INDOOR AREAS

• Where a regular population 2.6.5 Maintenance • Maintenance staff may


of seniors or persons with decide to wax or seal a
disabilities is present in a Despite all good intentions typically non-glare floor
building (e.g., institutions, or during the design stage of surface (e.g., matte ceramic
seniors residences) the fire creating fully accessible tile finish) using a high
alarm system should be environments, the success of gloss polish/finish. This
a 2-stage system linked the eventual project is largely unwittingly results in
directly to the fire hall dependent on decisions made potential glare problems
(wherever possible) to by facility managers regarding for persons with visual
ensure timely fire department space utilization, security and limitations in cases where
response. Alternatively, maintenance issues. surface reflects glare from
direct connection to a Training for maintenance staff overhead or adjacent natural
commercial security should address the following lighting sources. High gloss
company should be potential barriers: finishes on some floor
provided. surfaces also results in
• Objects added to the potential slipping hazards
• Specific strategies to provide environment, including for all users, especially
early warning of emergency waste containers, recycling persons with low vision.
situations may also be bins, planters, vending
desirable for persons with machines, dispensers, staff • Maintenance staff may add
hearing limitations, e.g., a equipment and furniture etc., runners or mats on floors in
portable vibrating alarm, which can result in tripping entrances, hallways and
or a flashing light at their hazards and limited corridors during winter
workstation may be movement for persons who conditions, in an attempt
necessary, in addition to have visual limitations, along to minimize tracking.
general visible and audible paths of travel. Aisle and However, the layout may be
alarms. This strategy may corridor widths can also be disorienting for persons with
also be desirable in obstructed limiting the low vision and it may also
accessible hotel manoeuvrability of persons inhibit movement by persons
accommodation. using mobility aids (e.g., using mobility aids (e.g.,
wheelchairs and scooters). where mats become rolled or
• Since evacuation of persons bunched up accidentally).
using mobility aids (e.g., • Temporary signs on stands
wheelchairs/scooters) from or mounted on walls and • It is therefore recommended
floors above or below grade doors can add confusion for that maintenance manuals
is extremely difficult in large persons with low vision. be developed to include
buildings, consideration information regarding the
should be given to the Similarly: specific needs and
inclusion of a fire fighter’s • Decisions on energy barriers faced by people
elevator that can be operated conservation often result with disabilities.
by fire department personnel in reduced lighting levels,
during a fire or other potentially inhibiting the safe
emergency. (See also movement through buildings
Section 2.2.4, Elevators and for all users.
Platform Lifts and Section
2.2.6, Safe Holding Areas)

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 109
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.6 OTHER
2.6.6 Materials and Finishes 2.6.7 Obstacles obstacles in their normal
path of travel throughout a
• The selection of flooring • For persons who are blind, building can constitute a
materials can be critical to have low vision or use a major hazard. (See Section
the safe and easy movement mobility aid, unexpected 2.6.5, Maintenance)
of persons using mobility
aids, amputees as well as
persons with low vision.
• Carpet floor finishes in paths
of travel should be suitable
for persons using mobility
aids (e.g., low level loop
construction, preferably
10 or 12 gauge, with
use of non-static fibres).
Carpet should be firmly
glued down to the sub-floor.
• Where hard, monolithic
materials are selected for 685 mm
floor finishes, they should
be non-slip and non-glare.
(See also Section 2.6.2,
Floor Surfaces/Textures and
Section 2.6.9, Glare and Figure 164
Light Sources)
• Where floor tiles, bricks or
pavers are used internally,
joints should be no wider
than 6mm and placed level
to prevent potential tripping
hazards, especially for
persons with visual
limitations.
• Ceramic tile used in
washrooms, changing areas
or on pool decks should
have non-slip and non-glare
finishes.
• Wall surfaces in corridors,
adjacent to stairs, ramps or
any part of the normal path
of travel should be of
non-abrasive finish. 700 mm VARIES
(See Section 2.6.3, 150 mm
Colour and Tone) (TYPICAL)

Figure 165 Figure 166

110 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.6 OTHER INDOOR AREAS

• Ensure that all items of substantial, securely • Ensure that all essential
furniture, equipment and mounted, continue to floor and occasional furniture,
displays are stable and will level and are cane detectable. equipment, planters, drinking
not move or tip over when (See Figure 168) fountains, counters and
touched by someone vending machines do not
requiring support. • Ensure that all loose wires, intrude into normal paths of
rugs or any potential tripping travel. (See Part 1: Section
• Ensure that all temporary hazards at the floor level are 1.4, Outdoor Amenities)
or permanent waste and removed or made secure.
recycling containers are
located in constant locations
to one side of the path
of travel.
• Ensure that all items of
equipment (e.g., telephones,
computers, video display
terminals, printers and fax
machines) are located to one
side of the normal path of
travel and are cane
detectable. (See Figures
164, 165 and 166)
• Ensure that all signage,
signage supports, or other
information strategies do not
intrude into normal walking
areas. (See Figure 167)
1100 mm
• Ensure that all permanent
or temporary barriers that Figure 167
control people’s movement
(e.g., queuing lanes) are
firmly mounted to the floor,
and are stable for seniors or
other persons who might
need them for support.
• Ensure that all maintenance
or repair equipment (e.g.,
ladders and carts) is located
away from normal paths of
travel.
685 mm 685 mm
• Ensure that all temporary MAX. MAX.

barriers and hoardings, used


to protect work sites or
maintenance activities, are Figure 168

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 111
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.6 OTHER
• Ensure that all permanent • Direct or reflected glare off • Light fixtures should be
or temporary barriers that of floor, wall or worktop selected so that no direct
control people’s movement surfaces is a major problem glare is created (e.g., with
(e.g., queuing lanes) are for persons with visual diffusers, lenses, or recessed
firmly mounted to the floor disabilities. Therefore, every light sources). (See Section
and are stable for seniors or attempt should be made 2.4.11, Artificial Light and
other persons who might to select light sources, Section 2.4.12, Natural
need them for support. materials, and finishes that Light)
do not add to the problem.
Natural daylight should be • Where surface mounted
controlled (e.g., on west and fluorescent ceiling lights
2.6.8 Pattern are used (e.g., in corridors),
south west exposures).
• Caution is recommended in it is generally recommended
the selection of heavy or • Monolithic floor surfaces that they have darkened sides
distinct patterns on walls or such as stone, granite, (e.g., no wrap-around lenses
floors since these can add marble or terrazzo should be should be used) and that they
visual confusion to settings selected in a matte or honed are positioned at right angles
for persons with low finish to minimize reflected to the path of travel.
vision or for persons with glare. (See Section 2.6.2, Alternatively, they can be
psychiatric disorders, if Floor Surfaces/Textures and used in coves or valance type
over-used. Simple, repetitive Section 2.6.9, Glare and lighting at the sides of the
and non-directional patterns Light Sources) corridor. This ensures that
with low contrast are the light source is not visible
• Floor finishes such as vinyl, from normal walking paths.
preferred (e.g., for carpeting, quarry and glazed tile,
floor tiles, wall papers etc.) mosaics or other composition • Supplementary lighting
in order to produce the least materials should also be in sources can be used to
amount of visual confusion. matte or satin finishes. High enhance special features at
gloss finishes should be key locations (e.g., with
avoided at all times. upward and downward light
2.6.9 Glare and
components only).
Light Sources • Wall finishes such as paint,
vinyl wall coverings, stone, • High intensity light sources
• (See Section 2.4.11, marble, wood, plastic such as quartz, halogen or
Artificial Lighting, Section laminate etc., should be in other pin-point sources (e.g.,
2.4.12, Natural Lighting and matte or satin finishes only. chandeliers) should be used
Section 2.6.9, Glare and with extreme caution. Such
Light Sources) • Where direct sunlight may lighting sources are generally
cause glare, curtains, blinds not recommended in
or sunscreens should be circulation routes, dining or
used to shield natural light assembly areas because they
sources. are problematic for persons
with low vision and produce
reflected points of glare on
shiny surfaces.

112 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
APPENDICES

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
APPENDIX A: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The City of Toronto would like to thank the following individuals for their advice, input and participation
throughout the consultation process.

City Departments Consultants


Shirley Hoy, Chief Administrative Officer Pamela Cluff, Principal,
Joan Anderton, Commissioner, Associated Planning Consultants
Corporate Services David Chan, Architectural Technologist
Paula M. Dill, Commissioner, Kevin Final, Researcher and Writer
Urban Development Services
Boyd Hipfner, Canadian National Institute
Eric Gam, Commissioner,
Community and Neighbourhood Services for the Blind (CNIB)
Barry Gutteridge, Commissioner, Shane Holten, Urban Planner
Works and Emergency Services Julie Holten, Social Researcher
Joe Halstead, Commissioner, Chris Kenopic, Ontario Association
Economic Development, Culture and Tourism for the Deaf (OAD)
Joseph P. Pennachetti, Chief Financial Officer Rick Mugford, Architect
and Treasurer, Finance
City of Toronto Staff
City of Toronto Community Advisory
Committee on Disability Issues Dylan Aster, Building,
Urban Development Services
Councillor Joe Mihevc, Chair
Jo-Anne Barnard, Human Resources,
William G. Alexander
Corporate Services
Michele Amerie, Co-Chair
Lorene Bodiam, Parks & Recreation,
Carla Baudot
Economic Development Culture & Tourism
William A.L. Brown, O.M.C.
Mike Brady, Transportation Services,
Lyle L. Kersey
Works and Emergency Services
Janice Martin
John Bryson, Technical Services,
Robert Morassuti
Works & Emergency Services
Al Reeves, Co-Chair
Grace Buttino, Policy & Development,
Gerald R. Roberts
Economic Development Culture & Tourism
Jennifer Shin
Jane Byers, Human Resources, Corporate Services
Elsa Tesfay
Walter W. Chandon, Emergency Medical
Terri Hulett
Services, Works & Emergency Services
David E. Senf
David Craig, Fire Services,
Bernita Lee, Coordinator
Works and Emergency Services
Anita De Castro, Facilities and Real Estate,
Corporate Services
Geoff Eden, City Planning,
Urban Development Services
Peter Fay, Service Improvements & Innovation,
Corporate Services

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
APPENDIX A: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
City of Toronto Staff (continued)
Ruthanne Henry, Policy & Development, Ceta Ramkhalawansingh, Strategic & Corporate
Economic Development Culture & Tourism Policy, Chief Administrator’s Office
Kim Jeffreys, Human Resources, Karen Raybould, Human Resources,
Corporate Services Corporate Services
Linda Kelland, Facilities and Real Estate, Tim Rees, Strategic and Corporate Policy,
Corporate Services Chief Administrator’s Office
Sgt. Brian Keown*, Toronto Police Service Robert Stephens, City Planning,
Wendy Kwong, Public Health, Urban Development Services
Community & Neighbourhood Services Diane Stevenson, Policy & Development,
Bernita Lee, Strategic & Corporate Policy, Economic Development Culture & Tourism
Chief Administrator’s Office Harvey Tham, Financial Planning, Finance
Linda E. Lee, Transportation Services, Nicolas Zala, Facilities and Real Estate,
Works and Emergency Services Corporate Services
Catherine Leitch, Strategic and Corporate Policy, Sandra Zavaglia, Solid Waste Management,
Chief Administrator’s Office Works and Emergency Services
Franco Lora, Culture,
Economic Development Culture & Tourism
Joanne Lynch, Building,
Urban Development Services
Cheryl MacDonald, Social Development &
Administration, Community & Neighbourhood
Services
Julie Mathien, Social Development &
Administration, Community &
Neighbourhood Services
Daniel McLaughlin, Policy & Development,
Economic Development, Culture & Tourism
Paul Meleta, Building, Urban Development Services
Gerry Mitchell, Technical Services,
Works and Emergency Services
Tony Pagnanelli, Technical Services,
Works & Emergency Services
Ross Paterson*, Policy & Research,
Urban Development Services

In Memoriam
Sgt. Brian Keown
Members of the Advisory Committee are especially thankful for Brian’s valuable contribution.

*Brian and Ross sadly passed away before these guidelines were completed.

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
APPENDIX A: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The City of Toronto would like to thank all participants who contributed their time by providing input into
the preparation of these new Accessibility Design Guidelines.

All participants involved were committed to creating a practical planning and design resource that will
ensure greater freedom of access and use to all buildings and sites in the City of Toronto.

Three reference documents include:

• City of Toronto, Accessibility Design Guidelines (ADG 1991)


• City of North York, Barrier Free Design Guidelines (1996-1997)
• Cities of Markham, Vaughan and Richmond Hill, Barrier Free Design Guidelines (1998)

Drawing Credits

Drawings were selected from a variety of sources including:

1) ADA, 1991, Vol. 56, No. 144


2) APC Inc., Richmond Hill Guidelines
3) CAN/CSA September 1990
4) CAN/CSA B651-190
5) Design for Accessibility, Sorenson
6) Guide to OBC, 1997.
7) OBC Appendices
8) Pedestrian Crosswalk Signals, 1987
9) Site Planning Design for the Elderly
10) Sports and Recreation Provisions, 1984.
11) Universal Access to Outdoor Recreation

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
APPENDIX B: DEFINITIONS
The following definitions were adapted from "Planning A Barrier Free City of Toronto: A Statement of
Planning Principles" (revised edition, July 2001), prepared by the former Toronto Joint Citizen’s Committee
for People with Disabilities and endorsed by City Council1.

1. Physical Disabilities:
Involve restricted mobility (e.g., limited ability to walk, move about, stand for long periods, or to carry
objects) or restricted agility (e.g., limited ability to bend, dress, feed oneself, or to manipulate objects).

2. Auditory Disabilities:
Involve having partial or no hearing. For some individuals, the loudness of the sound will determine
whether it is heard, for others, it depends on the type of sound (e.g., consonants versus vowels, or the
intonation. In other situations, individuals may also become confused by certain sounds due to excessive
background noises.

3. Visual Disabilities:
Involve complete blindness, limited or residual sight. It may involve a loss of visual clarity/acuity or a
decrease in the size of the visual field.

4. Intellectual and Learning Disabilities:


The type of cognitive impairment can vary widely, from severe intellectual disabilities, to the inability to
remember, to the absence or impairment of specific cognitive functions (e.g., language).

5. Psychological Disabilities:
Psychological impairments may be hidden or apparent. In many cases, they have little or no effect on
learning. They may appear in actions of indifference or other types of mood swings. However, the stigma
that everyone with an emotional impairment will be ‘disruptive’ in social settings is a fallacy. The causes of
psychological disabilities are wide ranging but common forms are evident in individuals experiencing
depression, anxiety or stress.

6. Situational Disabilities:
Persons who are at a disadvantage because of age, size, language or culture in specific settings are examples
of persons who are situationally disabled.

Care is required in assessing existing environments or designing new settings to ensure that consideration
of all of these variables has been undertaken.

7. Universal Design:
Universal Design is the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest
extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. The intent of the universal design
concept is to simplify life for everyone by making products, communications, and the built environment
more usable by more people, while emphasizing dignity and independence by providing those features that
will allow people to function in their day-to-day setting without assistance, at little or no extra cost. The
Universal Design concept targets all people of all ages, sizes, and abilities.

(Copyright 1995: The Centre for Universal Design, NC State University)


1Clause embodied in Report Number 13 of the Administration Committee, as adopted by the Council of the City of Toronto, at its meeting held
June 7th, 8th and 9th, 2000.

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
APPENDIX C: LEGISLATIVE OVERVIEW
1. Ontario Building Code

The Ontario Building Code (OBC 1997) is the formal mandatory legislation governing the construction of
all new buildings in Ontario. At the municipal level, the OBC requirements are administered and enforced
by the Building Division of the Urban Development Services Department. The OBC is currently under
review, (including Section 3.8 of the code which details barrier free design) and address accessibility under
a variety of headings, such as parking, entrances, public routes, ramps, stairs,
elevators, washrooms and other features.
2. Ontarians with Disabilities Act 2001

On December 14th 2001, The Ontarians with Disabilities Act 2001 (ODA) was passed to "improve access
and opportunities for people with disabilities". The ODA is designed so that municipal staff, government
ministries and agencies, transportation providers, the private sector and people with disabilities can work
together in making Ontario a more accessible province. Formal regulations under the ODA were not
finalized at the time of publication of these guidelines, however all municipalities are expected to develop
formal action plans outlining strategies to identify, remove and prevent barriers to persons with disabilities.
These new Accessibility Guidelines are an important part of the City of Toronto’s response to that challenge.
3. Ontario Human Rights Code

Under the Ontario Human Rights Code, people with disabilities have the right to be free from
discrimination in employment, services, goods, facilities and housing. The code promotes the full
participation of persons with disabilities in society, participation in daily living activities that is often
hindered or prevented by barriers occurring during the planning, design and development process.

The policy statements and accessibility provisions found in these guidelines brings the intentions of the
Human Rights Code into practice by encouraging inclusive design approaches to all development projects
across the City of Toronto.

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
APPENDIX D: BIBLIOGRAPHY
Associated Planning Consultants Inc., Joint Municipal Guidelines for Accessibility for the
Corporation of the Town of Markham, Town of Richmond Hill / City of Vaughan. Toronto, APC Inc., 1998.
Boundless Playgrounds Publication, High Expectations Playgrounds for Children of All Abilities.
www.boundlessplaygrounds.org
Bowland, Adelyn; Nakatsu, Constance; O’Reilly, James, Annotated Human Rights Code 1993.
Thomson Canada Ltd, 1992.
Canadian Parks and Recreation Association – Definition of Children’s Play
www.cpra.ca
Carstens, Diane Y., Site Planning & Design for the Elderly: Issues, Guidelines, and Alternatives.
New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985.
City of Toronto, Bill 125: The Ontarians with Disabilities Act. A Submission to the Legislative Assembly of
Ontario Standing Committee on Financial and Economic Affairs. Community Advisory Committee on
Disability Issues, 2001.
City of Toronto, Ontarians with Disabilities Act (ODA) – Submission of a City of Toronto Accessibility
Plan. Policy and Finance Committee, Report No. 9, Clause 2, September 22, 23, 24 and 25, 2003.
City of Toronto, Toronto Official Plan: Chapter 3, Building Successful Neighborhoods – The Public Realm.
Urban Development Services, May 2002 (Draft).
CSA International, CAN/CSA-B651-95 Barrier Free Design. CSA International, 1996.
CSA International, CAN/CSA-B651-M90 Barrier Free Design. CSA International, 1990.
Designable Environments Inc., City of London Facility Accessibility Design Standards.
Designable Environments Inc., 2001.
Federal Register, ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities, 1991, Vol. 56, No. 144.
U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991.
Guide de Référence en Accessibilité pour les équipements de Loisir,
www.altergo.net/documents/Guide_ref_acc_equip_loisirs.pdf
Holten, Shane, Planning A Barrier Free City of Toronto: A Statement of Planning Principles.
Report prepared for the Toronto Joint Citizen’s Committee For People With Disabilities, 2001 (Revised).
Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, Illustrated Guide to the Ontario Building Code 1997.
Ontario, Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, 1997.
Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, Ontario Building Code – Part 3.8. Ontario,
Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, 1997.

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
APPENDIX D: BIBLIOGRAPHY
North York Interior Barrier-Free Access Working Group, Interior Barrier-Free Accessibility: Design
Guideline-Policy Handbook. City of North York, 1996-1997.
Ontario Parks Association. Playability Tool Kit; Building Accessible Playspaces, 2001.
www.opassoc.on.ca/toolkit.asp
PLAE Inc., A Design Guide: Universal Access to Outdoor Recreation. California, PLAE Inc., 1992.
Province of Ontario Legislative Assembly, Bill 125: Ontarians With Disabilities Act. Legislative Assembly
of Ontario, December 14th 2001 (Date of Royal Assent).
Sorenson, Robert J., Design for Accessibility. U.S.A., McGraw-Hill Inc., 1979.
The Access Board, A Guide to the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines for Play Areas
www.access-board.gov/play/guide/intro.htm
Thomson, Neil, Editor, Sports & Recreation Provision for Disabled People.
London, The Architectural Press Ltd., 1984.

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
CITY OF TORONTO
Mayor David Miller, Councillor John Filion, Councillor Denzil
Office of the Mayor Ward 23 Willowdale Minnan-Wong,
Ward 34 Don Valley East
Councillor Gerry Altobello, Councillor Paula Fletcher,
Ward 35 Scarborough Southwest Ward 30 Toronto-Danforth Councillor Howard Moscoe,
Ward 15 Eglinton-Lawrence
Councillor Brian Ashton, Councillor Rob Ford,
Ward 36 Scarborough Southwest Ward 2 Etobicoke North Councillor Frances Nunziata,
Ward 11 York South-Weston
Councillor Maria Augimeri, Councillor Adam Giambrone,
Ward 9 York Centre Ward 18 Davenport Councillor Case Ootes,
Ward 29 Toronto-Danforth
Councillor Bas Balkissoon, Councillor Mark Grimes,
Ward 41 Scarborough-Rouge Ward 6 Etobicoke-Lakeshore Councillor Cesar Palacio,
River Ward 17 Davenport
Councillor Suzan Hall,
Councillor Sandra Bussin, Ward 1 Etobicoke North Councillor Joe Pantalone,
Ward 32 Beaches-East York Ward 19 Trinity-Spadina
(South) Councillor Doug Holyday,
Ward 3 Etobicoke Centre Councillor Jane Pitfield,
Councillor Shelley Carroll, Ward 26 Don Valley West
Ward 33 Don Valley East Councillor Clifford Jenkins,
Ward 25 Don Valley West Councillor Kyle Rae,
Councillor Raymond Cho, Ward 27 Toronto
Ward 42 Scarborough-Rouge Councillor Norm Kelly, Centre-Rosedale
River Ward 40 Scarborough-Agincourt
Councillor Bill Saundercook,
Councillor Olivia Chow, Councillor Peter Li Preti, Ward 13 Parkdale-High Park
Ward 20 Trinity-Spadina Ward 8 York West
Councillor David Shiner,
Councillor Gay Cowbourne, Councillor Gloria Lindsay Luby, Ward 24 Willowdale
Ward 44 Scarborough East Ward 4 Etobicoke Centre
Councillor David Soknacki,
Councillor Janet Davis, Councillor Giorgio Mammoliti, Ward 43 Scarborough East
Ward 31 Beaches-East York Ward 7 York West
Councillor Karen Stintz,
Councillor Glenn De Councillor Pam McConnell, Ward 16 Eglinton-Lawrence
Baeremaeker, Ward 28 Toronto Centre-
Ward 38 Scarborough Centre Rosedale Councillor Michael Thompson,
Ward 37 Scarborough Centre
Councillor Michael Del Grande, Councillor Joe Mihevc,
Ward 39 Scarborough-Agincourt Ward 21 St. Paul’s West Councillor Michael Walker,
Ward 22 St. Paul’s
Councillor Frank Di Giorgio, Councillor Peter Milczyn,
Ward 12 York South-Weston Ward 5 Etobicoke-Lakeshore Councillor Sylvia Watson,
Ward 14 Parkdale-High Park
Councillor Mike Feldman,
Ward 10 York Centre

C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy