City of Toronto - Accessibility - Design - Guidelines
City of Toronto - Accessibility - Design - Guidelines
I am pleased to present to you a new resource tool: the City of Toronto’s Accessibility Design
Guidelines. The Accessibility Design Guidelines can be used by all sectors to conduct accessibility
audits and to plan developments as we work towards making Toronto a "barrier free" community.
Based on the human rights principles of respect, dignity and inclusion, the Guidelines are a key
component of the City’s Accessibility Plan and meet the City’s objectives under its Plan of Action
for the Elimination of Racism and Discrimination. The Guidelines are also in keeping with the
City’s Official Plan which states, "A key city-building principle is that public buildings, parks and
open spaces should be open and accessible to all members of the public."
A multi-year implementation strategy to make City facilities accessible to persons with disabilities
will be provided for City Council’s consideration later this year.
This resource guide is the result of the collaborative effort among community and professional
experts working with City staff and Members of Council. I would like to express my appreciation
to everyone involved in this project.
Shirley Hoy
Chief Administrative Officer
April, 2004
CITY OF TORONTO ACCESSIBILITY
DESIGN GUIDELINES
2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION I - III
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.4 Outdoor Amenities
1.4.1 Benches and Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
1.4.2 Bicycle Racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
1.4.3 Drinking Fountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
1.4.4 Mail Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
1.4.5 Public Showers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
1.4.6 Public Telephones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
1.4.7 Public Washrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
1.4.8 Street Furniture and Vending Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
1.4.9 Waste Receptacles and Recycling Bins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
1.5 Outdoor Support Systems
1.5.1 Crosswalk/Pedestrian Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
1.5.2 Lighting for Exterior Areas not including roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
1.5.3 Public Address Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
1.5.4 Signage and Way-Finding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
1.5.5 Snow-melting and Snow Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
1.5.6 Traffic Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
1.6 Other
1.6.1 Colour and Texture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
1.6.2 Construction Site Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
1.6.3 Freestanding Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
1.6.4 Garbage Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
1.6.5 Gates and Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
1.6.6 Landscape Materials and Planting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
1.6.7 Materials and Finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
1.6.8 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
1.6.9 Obstacle Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
1.6.10 Safety and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
1.6.11 Snow Accumulation and Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
2.1 Entrances
2.1.1 Canopies and Weather Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
2.1.2 Doors and Doorways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
2.1.3 Door Hardware, Locks and Closers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
2.1.4 Entrances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
2.1.5 Glazed Screens and Sidelights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
2.1.6 Mats and Mat Sinkages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
2.1.7 Thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
2.1.8 Vestibules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
2.1.9 Waiting Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.2 Interior Routes
2.2.1 Aisles and Passages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
2.2.2 Corridors and Hallways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
2.2.3 Doors and Doorways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
2.2.4 Elevators and Platform Lifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
2.2.5 Interior Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
2.2.6 Safe Holding Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
2.2.7 Stairs and Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
2.2.8 Turnstiles and Control Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
2.3 Interior Amenities
2.3.1 Coat Closets and Coat Racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
2.3.2 Door and Cupboard Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
2.3.3 Drinking Fountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
2.3.4 Equipment and Furniture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
2.3.5 Information and Service Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
2.3.6 Lockers and Baggage Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
2.3.7 Mail Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
2.3.8 Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
2.3.9 Platforms/Daises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
2.3.10 Public Showers and Changing Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
2.3.11 Public Washrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
2.3.12 Vanities and Work Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
2.3.13 Vending Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
2.3.14 Washroom Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
2.3.15 Windows and Window Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
2.4 Interior Systems and Controls
2.4.1 Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
2.4.2 Audible Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
2.4.3 Automatic Door Openers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
2.4.4 Card Access Systems & Security Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
2.4.5 Communication Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
2.4.6 Controls and Operating Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
2.4.7 Electrical Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
2.4.8 Fire/Emergency Systems and Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
2.4.9 Heating, Cooling, and Ventilation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
2.4.10 Information Systems and Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
2.4.11 Artificial Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
2.4.12 Natural Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
2.4.13 Listening Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
2.4.14 Public Address Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
2.4.15 Telephones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
2.4.16 Signage and Way-finding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
2.4.17 Ticketing Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
2.4.18 Video Display Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.5 Special Facilities and Areas
2.5.1 Arenas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
2.5.2 ATM’s / Bank Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
2.5.3 Cafeterias, Restaurants, Dining Areas and Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
2.5.4 Churches and Places of Worship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
2.5.5 Office Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
2.5.6 Clinics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
2.5.7 Community Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
2.5.8 Courthouses and Detention Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
2.5.9 Displays, Exhibition Areas, Galleries, and Museums . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
2.5.10 Gymnasium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
2.5.11 Ice-Rinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
2.5.12 Hospitals and Health Care Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
2.5.13 Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
2.5.14 Long Term Care Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
2.5.15 Meeting Rooms, Assembly Areas, and Theatres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
2.5.16 Recreation Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
2.5.17 Schools and Continuing Education Centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
2.5.18 Seniors Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
2.5.19 Residential Kitchens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
2.5.20 Residential Bathrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100
2.5.21 Residential Bedrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
2.5.22 Shopping Centers and Malls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
2.5.23 Swimming Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
2.5.24 Theatres and Media Display Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
2.5.25 Transit Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
2.6 Other
2.6.1 Texture and Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106
2.6.2 Floor Surfaces/Textures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106
2.6.3 Colour and Tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
2.6.4 Fire and Life Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
2.6.5 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
2.6.6 Materials and Finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
2.6.7 Obstacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
2.6.8 Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
2.6.9 Glare and Light Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Appendix A: Acknowledgements
Appendix B: Definitions
Appendix C: Legislative Overview
Appendix D: Bibliography
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
INTRODUCTION
For many people in Toronto, the City provides an abundance of opportunities and experiences free of
limitations imposed upon them by the built environment. For Torontonians with disabilities, however,
the built environment imposes numerous obstacles that limit their ability to moving about freely and
safely without concern. In June 2000, Toronto City Council adopted a motion to make the City fully
accessible by the year 2008. In October 2000, Council requested staff develop new accessibility design
guidelines and to start an audit of all City-owned buildings.
City Council’s recommendation resulted in the preparation of this coherent set of guidelines. They are
intended to address the needs of people with disabilities with a wide range of impediments that limit their
ability to access their environment that include but are not limited to mobility, sight, hearing or cognitive
disabilities (see also Appendix B: Definitions).
This document presents the City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines and responds to the varying
needs of the disability community. In 2001, 3.6 million Canadians living in households reported having
activity limitations (Statistics Canada, A Profile of Disability in Canada 2001). The survey also indicated
that in 2001, 1.5 million Ontarians had a disability, representing 13.5 per cent of the total 11 million
Ontarians. Disability rate increases with age. The disability rate reported for persons aged 65 and over is
more than 40 per cent and for persons 75 and over is more than 50 per cent. The demographic implications
are obvious and will drive the need for change. In the upcoming decades, the proportion of the population
65 and over will increase dramatically.
Every sector of society and government must provide barrier-free environments. Civic government must
lead the way in providing accessibility through City-owned buildings. The benefits of accessibility are
significant. Aside from responding to the needs of people with disabilities, increasing accessibility leads to
increased opportunities for people with disabilities to access employment and to fully participate in the
social, cultural, recreational, economic and political life of Toronto. Moreover, to compete nationally and
internationally, a barrier-free city can increase tourism and provide a competitive advantage. For instance,
for Toronto’s Olympic bid in 2002, overwhelming pressure for a barrier-free city resulted in the City
committing to make itself barrier-free and accessible. A logical outcome to this commitment was Council
directing staff to develop the City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines.
During the design, planning and construction of accessible spaces and buildings a wide range of
opportunities exist not only to optimize independent access to persons with disabilities but also to
improve access for all. The major objective of the City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines,
which are based on Universal Design principles (see definition in Appendix B), is to provide practical
examples of solutions that optimize accessibility to buildings and other buildings owned or occupied
by the City of Toronto.
The document should guide City staff when considering or developing capital projects. The guidelines will
be a building block in developing future policies, guidelines, standards and other initiatives that serve the
needs of persons with disabilities. The guidelines are in keeping with the Official Plan which states that
"A key city-building principle is that public buildings, parks and open spaces should be open and
accessible to all members of the public including people with disabilities."
By making the City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines available to all sectors of the planning,
design and development industry, the City of Toronto demonstrates its commitment to proactive measures
to eliminate and prevent barriers faced by persons with disabilities.
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S I
INTRODUCTION
GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT
Associated Planning Consultants developed the City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines with
support and direction from the City of Toronto Community Advisory Committee on Disability Issues and
numerous City staff representing various City Departments (see Appendix A: Acknowledgements).
These guidelines consolidate the "best practices" identified during the extensive research on existing
barrier-free standards and guidelines. It also includes some of the requirements of the Ontario Building
Code (OBC 1997, Section 3.8) in accessibility planning and universal design (see definition in Appendix B).
However, the most current version of the Ontario Building Code should be consulted during design and
construction as these legislated minimum requirements may change over time. Exceedences to the Ontario
Building Code (OBC) have been noted as being “recommended” in these guidelines. The Building Division
of Urban Development Services do not have the authority to enforce exceedences beyond the current edition
of the OBC and all other applicable law.
The City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines will be reviewed periodically to incorporate changes
to the legislation, regulations and standards as well as new technologies and information. Where there are
discrepancies between the City of Toronto Accessibility Design Guidelines and other legislation or standards
the most optimum level of accessibility should be used.
Legislation and Standards
• All work must comply with the Ontario Human Rights Code. The Ontario Human Rights Commission
ultimately determines how to apply such concepts as "reasonable accommodation" and "undue
hardship".
• All work must comply with the Ontarians with Disabilities Act (ODA): "An Act to improve the
identification, removal and prevention of barriers faced by persons with disabilities and to make
related amendments to other Acts."
• All work must comply with the most current edition of the Ontario Building Code (OBC) and all other
applicable law. The OBC describes a minimum mandatory level of design standards for accessibility.
II C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
INTRODUCTION
The Ontario Human Rights Code supersedes the Ontario Building Code. As a result, although a provider
has incorporated barrier-free accessibility in accordance to the Ontario Building Code, the Ontario
Human Rights Commission may deem a building not accessible.
• These guidelines incorporate elements of Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Standards CAN/CSA
B651-95 "Barrier-Free Design". Some aspects of these standards describe an optimum level of
accessibility beyond that of the OBC.
Policies and Guidelines
• All work shall comply with the Policy and Guidelines on Disability and the Duty to Accommodate
from the Ontario Human Rights Commission, revised version, November 23, 2000.
Of these principles, the respect for dignity and integration and full participation are key to understanding the
need for and impact of accessibility in the built environment. These are described in the Ontario Human
Rights Commission’s The Duty to Accommodate as follows:
"Human dignity encompasses individual self-respect and self-worth. It is considered physical and
psychological integrity and empowerment. It is harmed when individuals are marginalized, stigmatized,
ignored or devalued. Privacy, confidentiality, comfort, autonomy, individuality and self-esteem are
important factors as well as to whether an accommodation maximizes integration and promotes full
participation in society.
With these principles in mind, achieving integration and full participation for persons with disabilities
requires barrier-free and inclusive designs and removal of barriers. Preventing and removing barriers
means persons with disabilities should be able to access their environment and face the same duties and
requirements as everyone else with dignity and without impediment. Where barriers continue to exist
because it is impossible to remove those barriers at a given point in time, then accommodation should
be provided to the extent possible, short of undue hardship."
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S III
PART I:
EXTERIOR AREAS
PART 1: EXTERIOR AREAS
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES EXTERIOR AREAS
1.1.2 Crosswalks
NOTE: DOUBLE LINES ARE USED AT
3000 mm
• Wherever possible, ROADWAY MIN.
PEDESTRIAN CROSSWALKS
NOT AT INTERSECTIONS.
crosswalks at roadway
intersections should be
Figure 2
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 3
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES
• Crosswalks should have 1.1.3 Curb Ramps/Curb Cuts • Curb transitions to have
suitable curb ramps at each on Public Right of Way a minimum length of
end of the walkway where 1500 mm to provide safer
sidewalks are provided, or • Curb ramps should be sidewalk ramp transition
wherever level differences provided wherever there slopes. (See Figure 5)
of more than 19 mm occur. is a level difference between
(See Figure 2) the sidewalk, or pedestrian
pathway, and the road
• Intermediate traffic islands surface at all street corners,
should include appropriate or wherever pedestrian
curb ramps or, in the area of crosswalks are provided.
crosswalks, be level with (See Figure 4)
street paving. Such level
areas should be clearly
marked by white lines and/or
distinctive highly contrasting PUSH
BUTTON BUILDING ENTRANCE
paving.
SIDEWALK
4 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES EXTERIOR AREAS
ROADWAY
DETECTABLE
WARNING
SURFACE
Figure 6
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 5
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES
1.1.4 Grades and Elevation 1.1.5 Guards and Handrails • Handrails should be of a
Changes smooth, easy to grip design,
• Continuous handrails should no more than 50 mm in
• Wherever possible, grades be provided on both sides diameter; and mounted
on roads and sidewalks of all ramps or stairs, or between 865 mm and
should be designed so that wherever three or more 965 mm (above stair
the slope of pedestrian routes steps are provided. nosings).
does not exceed 1:20. (See Figures 9 and 10)
• Wherever possible,
accessible paths of travel
should have a minimum
number of curb cuts to keep
sidewalk as level as possible.
• Where elevation changes
greater than 1:20 are
necessary, and/or where
865-915 mm
steps are unavoidable,
properly designed ramps
suitable for persons using
mobility aids must be
provided in close proximity. 150 mm
300 mm
460 mm
Figure 8
6 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES EXTERIOR AREAS
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 7
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES
1.1.7 Paths, Sidewalks and • Wherever possible, consider Such strips are to be at least
Walkways the use of clearly marked 610 mm wide and separated
continuous amenity strips at from the pedestrian walkway
POLICY: the edge of the sidewalk to by a colour contrasted and
All entrance paths/sidewalks in accommodate posts, mail cane detectable border that is
a public right of way and/or boxes, trees, guy-wires, a minimum of 305 mm
walkways for pedestrians and planters, bicycle racks and wide. (See Figure 14)
persons using mobility aids vending machines, etc.
must be of firm, level, and
non-slip materials and are
recommended to be a
minimum of 1675 mm wide to
allow two wheelchairs or
scooters to pass one another.
In no case should sidewalks be
less than 1525 mm wide where
two-way traffic is expected.
• Sidewalks should be a
maximum gradient of 1:20 FRONT GUIDE WHEEL
OF WHEELCHAIR
(5%), except where site
conditions prevent this.
(See Figure 22) SURFACE OF WALKWAY
Figure 13
8 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES EXTERIOR AREAS
WIDTH OF WALK
1525 mm MIN.
100 mm
MAX.
2030 mm
MIN.
RECOMMENDED
865 mm -
915 mm
Figure 15
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 9
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES
1.1.9 Ramps doors opening on to the • Ramps with slopes between
landing. 1:20 and 1:12 require
POLICY (See Figures 17 and 18) handrails on both sides
Wherever the gradient is more as an aid to mobility.
• An up-stand curb 50 mm
than 1:20, ramps should be high or a solid barrier is
provided that comply with the recommended on either side
following criteria: of ramps for persons using
• Ramps must be no steeper mobility aids, in order to act
than 1:12, with individual as a safety stop for the front
ramp sections no longer than wheels of wheelchairs and/or
9 m. (Note: 1:15 is preferred scooters.
where space is available).
• Ramp widths should be
a maximum of 1100 mm 600 mm
and a recommended MIN.
1670 mm (300 mm IF DOOR OPENS
minimum of 1015 mm MIN. AWAY FROM RAMP)
between handrails, to allow
1015 mm
persons using mobility aids RECOMMENDED CURBS OR RAILS AROUND
to move easily and to grasp MIN. BETWEEN
HANDRAILS
EDGES OF RAMPS AND LANDINGS
10 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES EXTERIOR AREAS
• Handrails on ramps should • For all flights of stairs or walking surface, a minimum
be mounted between 865 steps that are 2200 mm wide of 915 mm deep, (forward of
mm and 965 mm, and or greater, an intermediate the first riser and continuous
provide a smooth continuous (middle) handrail is from the top of stair), as an
surface from the top recommended, as an aid to early warning of an impending
to bottom of the ramp, persons with limited mobility level change to persons with
without breaking the or vision. visual limitations.
handhold. (See Figure 20)
• Paving surfaces at the top
• Handrails should extend a and bottom of all flights of
minimum distance of 300 stairs or steps should include
mm beyond the top and a cane-detectable and
bottom of the ramp (See textured
Figure 19). Handrail ends
must be turned down or
300 mm
curved into an adjacent wall 300 mm
TOP OF GUARD
as an aid to persons with HANDRAIL
visual disabilities.
1070 mm
180 mm
MAX.
RECOMMENDED
NOT LESS
THAN 60
Figure 20
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 11
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.1 EXTERIOR ROUTES
• Exterior doors that open onto • Traffic islands should be at • Where the crossing surface
landings should be avoided least 1500 mm wide (1980 at the island is level with the
wherever possible, in order mm is preferred) to provide paving, the safe waiting area
to minimize hazards to persons using mobility aids should be made clearly
persons with visual and seniors with a safe identifiable by using
limitations. Where such resting zone. different materials, colours
doors are unavoidable, the (See Figure 21) or textures that are detectable
landing depth should be by persons with low vision.
increased to 1670 mm.
No door should open onto
any sloping section
of a ramp.
5% or < 1:20
Figure 22
12 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.2 ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE AREAS EXTERIOR AREAS
Figure 23
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 13
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.2 ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE AREAS
1.2.3 Bus Stops • In no case should the number • Headroom clearance for van
of accessible parking spaces parking spaces should be at
• Waiting areas at bus stops be less than 4 for the first least 2750 mm.
should be of level and firm 100 spaces (i.e. 1:25 parking
materials, at least 2000 mm spaces) plus 2 spaces for • In multi-storey or
wide by 12000 mm long, in each additional 100 parking underground parking
order to accommodate spaces (i.e. 1:50). No less garages, at least one level
waiting persons. than 1 accessible parking of parking should include
space should be provided easy to locate accessible
• Bus stop areas should be free parking spaces.
of all street furniture, e.g., where the number of parking
dispensers, vending machines, spaces provided is less • The walkway from
waste boxes, planters, posts, than 25. designated parking to the
signs and guy wires. • At least one accessible accessible entry to the
parking space for wheelchair building should be no less
vans, a minimum of 3660 than 1100 mm in width and
1.2.4 Emergency Routes mm wide and 5385 mm must be firm, level, non-slip
long, should be provided for material with a texture
• Vehicular routes, used by contrasted with the
emergency vehicles (e.g., fire each 100 spaces.
(See Figures 24 and 28) adjacent surfaces.
trucks and ambulances),
should be clearly identified
by suitable signage and
should avoid crossing METER (TO BE ACCESSIBLE)
1.2.5 Parking
5385 mm
POLICY
Designated accessible parking
space(s), whether external or
internal, should be provided Figure 24
within 30m of the main
accessible entrance and/or
any other accessible entrances.
• Provide a protected, or
designated route from the
accessible parking spaces to
the main accessible entrance
and/or any other accessible
entrances.
• Parking meters to be
accessible for persons 4880 mm 8840 mm
with disabilities.
Figure 25
14 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.2 ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE AREAS EXTERIOR AREAS
• Where covered or
underground parking spaces
for cars are provided, all
access and exit routes,
including ramps serving
such spaces, should have
clear headroom of 2100 mm
below beams, pipes, or
sprinkler heads, however
2285 mm is recommended.
• All accessible parking spaces
should be marked with the
Figure 26
"International Symbol of
Accessibility", (e.g., with
a paving sign and a CURB RAMP SIGN ON POST
post mounted sign).
(See Figures 26 and 27)
• Accessible parking spaces
should be a minimum of
VERTICAL SIGN
3660 mm wide, with a ON BUILDING
clear pedestrian aisle of
1200 mm. Where two
accessible parking spaces are
adjacent, the pedestrian aisle SYMBOL ON
PAVEMENT
SYMBOL ON
PAVEMENT
may be shared, and should
preferably be increased to
1500 mm.
(See Figures 25 and 27) 3660 mm
1500 mm
• Provide a suitable curb Figure 27
ramp from the accessible car
parking area to any adjacent
sidewalk or pedestrian route 2000 mm
where difference in elevation MIN.
5385 mm
1200 mm
PARKING AREAS
Figure 28
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 15
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.2 ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE AREAS
1.2.6 Passenger of the boarding space, to • All designated passenger
Loading Zones ensure safe loading and loading zones should be
unloading. marked with appropriate
• Passenger loading zones on signage utilizing the
individual sites should be "International Symbol
located within 30m of the of Accessibility".
main or other accessible
entrance.
• Bus parking space at
passenger loading zones
should be at least 7925 mm
long by 3050 mm wide, to 1500 mm CURB RAMP
accommodate special transit SIGN ON POST SIGN ON POST
vehicles.
• Headroom clearance at car
passenger loading zones
should be a minimum of
2750 mm but 2895 mm is
recommended. 7315 mm
16 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES EXTERIOR AREAS
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 17
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES
1.3.3 Boardwalks 1.3.4 Campgrounds 3% accessible campsites close
to essential amenities, such as
• Where boardwalks are • Municipal campgrounds washrooms and showers.
provided, (e.g., at beach or should include at least
waterfront locations), they
should be at least 1675 mm
1200 mm 915 mm
wide to allow two persons in MIN. MIN.
wheelchairs to pass easily.
(See Figure 32)
• Boardwalk surfaces BENCH
1200 mm
should be of firm, non-slip MIN.
materials. Where wooden 600 mm
boardwalks are provided, MIN.
access points.
• Benches and/or garbage cans
should be located to one side ASPHALT
CAMPGROUND ROAD
Figure 33
18 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES EXTERIOR AREAS
Figure 35
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 19
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES
• All other amenities at the • Elevation changes of 205 • Steps down into the water
community mail box (e.g., mm or less can be ramped for swimming areas or/at
mail slots, stamp machines, at 1:8. docks should include
etc.), should be approachable handrails on both sides,
and useable by persons using • Where dock surfaces are extending to a minimum
mobility aids. (See the located more than 460 mm of 610 mm above the dock
Canada Post Accessibility above the normal water surface, and returned
Guidelines for Community surface (e.g., floating docks), down to the dock.
Mailboxes) a suitable guardrail should be
provided. • Steps should provide a safe
• Garbage cans should be entering position for persons
located close to community • Where dock surfaces are
with limited vision or
mailboxes; however, they 205 mm or less above the
water, a contrasting stand stability. (See Figure 37)
should be placed to one side
of the normal paths of travel. up edge of at least 150 mm
high is recommended, on all
exposed sides.
1.3.6 Docks
POLICY
Fishing, boating, or swimming
docks should be accessible to
persons with varying disabilities. 1070 mm
865 - 915 mm
(See Figures 36 & 37)
150 mm
• Paths, boardwalks and/or 460 mm
other routes to docks should
be made of level and firm
ACCESSIBLE FISHING DOCK
material that provides direct
Figure 36
access without changes in
elevation. Where inclined
routes are unavoidable,
the gradient should be no
greater than 1:20. (See
Section 1.2.1, Accessible
Routes to Entrances,
Figure 22)
• Grades steeper than 1 in 20
should be designed as a
ramp, with a slope gradient
no greater than 1:12.
(See Section 1.1.9, Ramps)
• Handrails should be provided
on both sides of ramps at
1:12 gradient. (See also
Section 1.2.1, Accessible 150 mm
Routes to Entrances, 600 mm
Figure 22) ACCESSIBLE ENTRY TO WATER
Figure 37
20 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES EXTERIOR AREAS
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 21
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES
• Where pay-per-view • Pool perimeter tile or • The walls and floors of
telescopes etc. are available, finishes should be easy to swimming pools should have
at least one location should clean and non-abrasive, to a light coloured finish for
be accessible to persons minimize skin damage, increased safety.
using mobility aids. Viewing with rounded edges at all
lenses and controls should pool boundary locations. • Adequate drainage should be
be mounted no higher than provided on the pool deck to
1200 mm above grade. remove water quickly at
all times.
22 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES EXTERIOR AREAS
• Drainage tile, scuppers, or • In public swimming pools, • Built-in ramps into pools
trenches should be designed where there is no autonomous should be sloped at 1:12,
to minimize accidental access for persons with have handrails on both sides
tripping and have no disabilities, some provision (See Figures 40 and 41), and
openings greater than 13 mm. for transferring persons be positioned where it does
• Pool depth markings as well from wheelchairs into the not interfere with swimming
as SHALLOW END’ and water should be available. lanes.
‘DEEP END’ signage should Wherever possible,
permanent ramps are • Wading pool access should
be in highly contrasting be safe and gradual so that
colours and of sufficient size preferred to portable lifts.
children with disabilities
that is easily visible to can be assisted into the
persons with low vision. water easily and/or use a
• Where diving boards or wheelchair to enter.
platforms are provided, they
should be clearly marked and
SURROUNDING
protected so that persons PAVING
with visual limitations do 1800 mm
not accidentally walk below.
• Handrails should be provided 915 mm
on both sides of access steps
into the pool, and extend at SHALLOW END
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 23
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES
1.3.9 Parks and Parkettes • All garbage containers, • For accessible park amenities
light standards, or other such as public washrooms,
POLICY obstructions should be changing rooms, or
Public parks, parkettes, and located to one side of telephones, see Sections
playgrounds should be all paths and/or active 1.4.6, Public Telephones
designed to be used by playing areas, as an aid and Section 1.4.7, Public
people with varying to children with visual Washrooms.
abilities/disabilities and limitations. (See also
with universal access Sections 1.4.8, Street
principles in mind. Furniture and Vending
Machines and Section 1.4.9,
• Entrance gates, parking Waste Receptacles and
areas, paths and walkways Recycling Bins)
through the park should be
fully accessible to persons
using mobility aids. (See
also section 1.1.7 Paths,
Sidewalks, and Walkways
and Section 1.2.5, Parking)
• Play areas and recreational
equipment, or other
amenities should generally
be designed to be accessible HEIGHT
to and useable by children ADJUSTABLE
APPARATUS
with varying abilities/
disabilities. (see fig. 45
and 46)
• Park benches or seating areas
should be readily available
for children and older
persons. Benches and ADJUSTABLE BASKETBALL HOOPS
seating areas should be Figure 45
accessible to a variety
of users.
• Where planting beds are
provided, consider the use of
raised beds, fragrant planting
materials, and Braille
signage as an added value
to persons who have visual
limitations or for persons
using mobility aids.
(See also section 1.6.6.
Landscapes, Materials,
and Planting)
A LOW PLATFORM HELPS CHILDREN TRANSFER ONTO PLAY EQUIPMENT
Figure 46
24 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES EXTERIOR AREAS
1.3.10 Play Spaces 1:12 (1:15 preferred), and • Play areas separated by
the recommended minimum age appropriate equipment,
The Canadian Parks and width of 1015 mm (between including a junior area for
Recreation Association Policy handrails), for a maximum use generally for children
states that play develops sloped distance of 9 m. under 5 years of age and
inter-personal and social Landings are to have a a senior area for use
awareness, intelligence and minimum 2% cross-slope to generally for children/
physical skills and that play allow adequate drainage and youth 5-12 years of age.
is an equalizing medium would accommodate changes This separation of age
for children with differing of direction or rest sites as groups makes supervision
abilities/disabilities (Canadian needed on accessible routes, easier for the parent(s) or
Parks and Recreation (See also Section 1.1.9 care-givers. It is the
Association website). Ramps). parent(s)/caregiver(s)
Consequently, the City of • An accessible resilient who are most familiar with
Toronto is planning on surfacing compliant with a child’s capabilities and it is
prioritising certain play spaces current Canadian Safety their judgements which will
to be designed as inclusive Association Standards, and ensure safe use of equipment
for all children, including any applicable referenced by children, regardless of
children and youth with portions of the current their age.
varying abilities/disabilities. American Society for Testing • A diversity of play components
This prioritisation will be and Materials Standard chosen carefully to engage
based on programming needs, Specifications for Impact multiple senses, develop
community input, and a Attenuation of Surface skills and encourage social
physical analysis of sites. Systems Under and Around interaction (examples of this
Below is a brief description Playground Equipment are talking tubes, Personal
of the basic components to (ASTM 1292) and Communication Systems,
be integrated in identified Determination of and interactive, musical,
inclusive play spaces, Accessibility to Surface ore educational panels).
(additional references are at Systems Under and Play components are to be
the end of this section). Around Playground linked to an accessible route
Inclusive play spaces are Equipment (ASTM 1951). through the playground.
to implemented with the An accessible surfacing is One of each type of play
following: to be firm, stable and slip component is to be accessible
• An accessible route to the resistant enough to be and a minimum of 50% of
play space from accessible accessible by individuals all play components should
parking spaces. An using mobility aids or be accessible for small
accessible route is defined wheelchairs. The surface playgrounds (10 or less play
as a pathway specifically needs the ability to drain components), or 75% for
designed to provide access rapidly to avoid the hazards larger playgrounds.
for individuals with of ice or water accumulation.
disabilities, including those
who use wheelchairs or
mobility devices, with a
minimum clear width 480 mm
MIN.
distance of 1500 mm (1675
mm preferred) and a
maximum slope of 1:20.
Ramps are needed wherever 685 mm
the slope exceeds 1:20. The MIN.
Figure 47
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 25
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES
Specific details for accessible • Some picnic tables and them from one or both ends
components can be referenced benches should be located and provide adequate knee
elsewhere below, but would near accessible paths and and armrest clearance.
generally include wheelchair (See Figures 47, 48 and 49)
access. walkways for persons using
mobility aids. • Garbage cans, barbecues
These guidelines are not
intended to be comprehensive • Accessible picnic tables or and woodpiles etc., located
and finalised, they will be benches should be available adjacent to accessible
revised and updated with new in a variety of sunny and picnic areas, should be
information as it becomes shady locations. approachable and useable by
available on how to best include persons using mobility aids.
children of all abilities. • The design of picnic tables
should allow persons using
References: mobility aids to approach
Boundless Playgrounds
Publication, High Expectations
Playgrounds for Children of All
Abilities. 2030 mm
www.boundlessplaygrounds.org MIN.
PICNIC TABLE
Guide de Référence en
Accessibilité pour les
équipements de Loisir 2030 mm
MIN.
2030 mm
MIN.
www.altergo.net/documents/ 2030 mm
Guide_ref_acc_equip_loisirs.pdf MIN.
Figure 49
26 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES EXTERIOR AREAS
• Grades in accessible picnic 1.3.13 Terraces and Patios • Where grade differences of
areas should be no greater 150 mm or less occur, short
than 1:30. (See Section POLICY ramps of 1:7.5 can be
1.1.4, Grades and Elevation Exterior terraces and patios created. Grade differences
Changes) should be accessible to persons more than 150 mm, ramps of
• Where public parking is using mobility aids. 1:12 will be required.
available, at least four spaces (See Section 1.1.4, Grades
• Access from exterior doors and Elevation Changes)
for the first 100 parking to interior areas should be
spaces should be designed to level or have sloped
be accessible to persons with thresholds no greater than
disabilities. 13 mm.
• Some accessible parking
spaces should be located 915 mm
within 30 m of accessible
picnic areas. (See also
Section 1.2.5, Parking)
380 mm
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 27
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES
• Terraces or patios should be routes should be provided Landscape Materials and
of firm level materials laid to nearby wherever possible Planting)
drain at slopes of not more and should include steps and • Slopes on bridges should not
than 1:50. Joints in ramps. (See Sections 1.1.9, exceed 1:20 (5%).
patio/terrace materials should Ramps and Section 1.1.10,
not exceed 6 mm wide. Stairs and Steps)
• Patios or terraces that are • Where steps, ramps or 1.3.15 Viewing Areas
600 mm or more above grade footbridges are required, the • Where special viewing
should have suitable guards. surface of the bridge should locations are provided
The top rail of such guards be of non-slip materials and (e.g., to view landmarks,
or handrails should be the bridge should include special features, wildlife,
designed so that a seated suitable handrails and/or entertainment and sports
person can clearly see guards. (See Figure 53) activities etc.), these areas
below the rail. (See Section 1.3.3, should be accessible to
• Where patios or terraces are Boardwalks, Section 1.3.16, persons using wheelchairs,
205 mm to 460 mm above Wilderness and Conservation scooters or walkers.
grade, a cane detectable Areas and Section 1.6.6 (See Figure 52)
stand up edge, 150 mm or
higher, should be provided. ACCESSIBLE VIEWING LOCATIONS OFF MAIN PATH HANDRAIL
Alternatively, a planter box (SEE FIG. 7 & 8)
28 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.3 SPECIAL AREAS AND FEATURES EXTERIOR AREAS
Figure 55
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 29
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.4 OUTDOOR AMENITIES
POLICY 1.4.3 Drinking Fountains • Where drinking fountains are
recessed (e.g., in an alcove),
All amenities available to the • Where exterior public drinking
the width of the knee space
public should be readily fountains are provided, they
should be at least 760 mm.
accessible and useable by should be securely mounted,
everyone, regardless of age and ensure clear knee space • The maximum height of
or disability. below of 700 mm, to allow the spout should be 915 mm
1.4.1 Benches and Seats comfortable access by and controls should be easily
persons using mobility aids. operable with one hand.
• Exterior benches or seats (See Figure 57)
should be located to one side
of public walkways or paths
and be mounted on a firm PROVIDE AMPLE
BACKREST
and level base, such as a
360 - 460 mm
concrete pad, brick pavers
etc. (See Figure 56)
• Fixed benches should 450 mm
Figure 56
1.4.2 Bicycle Racks
• Fixed bicycle racks should
be located to one side of EQUIPMENT PERMITTED
IN SHADED AREA
walks, paths, or entrances so
as not to impede the normal
path of travel or snow clear-
ing activities etc. (See also
Section 1.5.5, Snow Melting
760 - 915 mm
and Snow Removal) 700 mm MIN.
MIN.
230 mm
MIN.
200 mm 230 mm
MIN. MIN.
Figure 57
30 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.4 OUTDOOR AMENITIES EXTERIOR AREAS
Figure 59
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 31
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.4 OUTDOOR AMENITIES
• Lighting level at public
telephones should be at
least 100 lux. (10 ft.
candles).
REVERSED "L" SHAPED
• Accessible public telephones TYPE GRAB BAR
should be clearly identified
by the "International
Symbol of Accessibility".
(See Section 1.5.4, Signage
and Way-finding)
200 - 300 mm D-TYPE
DOOR PULL
• Where more than one
telephone is provided, a
telephone should be
available that is capable of
accommodating persons who 460 - 480 mm OPERABLE
LATCH
are deaf, deafened, or hard of
hearing (e.g., with an
acoustic coupler, volume 810 mm
MIN.
control etc.), and
be clearly identified with
the "International Symbol" Figure 60
for persons who are deaf,
deafened, or hard of
hearing. (See Figure 59) 760 mm
MIN.
• Where several public 460 mm
MIN.
telephones are located 1500 mm
side by side, a TTY MIN.
CLEAR SPACE
300 mm
MIN.
1500 mm
MIN.
460 – 480 mm
1675 mm
RECOMMENDED
Figure 61 Figure 61
32 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.4 OUTDOOR AMENITIES EXTERIOR AREAS
1.4.7 Public Washrooms • The preferred faucet 1.4.8 Street Furniture and
on basins are of the Vending Machines
Wherever possible a public, automatic type.
unisex/family washroom POLICY
should be provided in every • (See also Part 2: Section
building. Although some public 2.3.11, Public Washrooms, • All street furniture, including
washrooms may not be occupied and Section 2.3.14, light standards, signs,
during the entire year, the Washroom Accessories) planters, mail boxes and
washrooms should be accessible vending machines, should be
and should be designed in mounted to one side of the
accordance with requirements normal path of travel so
of the Ontario Building Code, as not to inhibit free
Section 3.8. movement of persons who
have visual limitations, or
• Minimum dimensions of who use mobility aids.
accessible stalls should be
1500 mm minimum by a
recommended width of 1675
305 mm 305 mm 305 mm
mm for use by persons with 1525 mm
mobility aids or others 610 mm
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 33
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.4 OUTDOOR AMENITIES
• Wherever possible, street • Waste receptacles or holders • Where lids are provided on
furniture such as lamps, containing waste bins should waste receptacles, they
mailboxes, vending be clearly identified by should be easy to operate
equipment, etc., should be suitable signs and/or colours. with one hand and have
positioned securely on a openings mounted no higher
continuous separate amenity than 1065 mm from grade.
strip (beside sidewalks), or
located to one side of
accessible entrances. WASTE RECEPTACLES, OF ALL TYPES, SHOULD BE FIRMLY MOUNTED AND
(See also Section 1.4.9, HAVE A SELF-CLOSING LID, WHICH IS EASY TO OPEN WITH ONE HAND
POLICY
Waste receptacles and
recycling bins should be
accessible to persons using
various mobility aids and be
permanently located to one
side of any path or walkway so
as not to encroach on walkway
width.
• In busy locations, waste
receptacles should be
securely mounted and be
large enough to contain the
anticipated amount of waste
so that overflows do not
cause a tripping hazard.
(See Figure 63)
• Waste receptacles in open
areas such as parks,
wilderness, beach or picnic
areas should be securely
mounted on firm level pads.
34 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.5 OUTDOOR SUPPORT SYSTEMS EXTERIOR AREAS
• Signals at pedestrian
crosswalks should be
designed generally in RED
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 35
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.5 OUTDOOR SUPPORT SYSTEMS
1.5.2 Lighting for Exterior reasonable colour • Overhead light fixtures
Areas not including roads spectrum, and minimize should be mounted on
cast shadows for persons standards that ensure clear
• Exterior lighting should with low vision. headroom of 2030 mm
be designed generally in is available, below fixtures
accordance with I.E.S.N.A. • Supplementary lighting or supports, as an aid to
(Illuminating Engineering should be provided to persons with visual
Society of North America) highlight all key way-finding limitations.
standards, in all public signage.
thoroughfares and along all • Lighting of landscape on
• Lighting standards or posts special site features should
pedestrian routes to ensure should be mounted to one
safe access for persons with be designed and installed to
side of pedestrian walkways minimize direct glare to
disabilities at sidewalks, bus so as not to inhibit free
stops, or parking areas both pedestrians and
movement of persons using building users.
leading to public facilities or mobility aids.
amenities. (See Figures 65
and 66) Lighting levels of • Low-level lighting standards
100 lux. (10 ft. candles) should be tall enough to
measured at the ground of clear normal snow
all accessible pedestrian accumulation heights.
entrances are recommended
as an aid to persons with
visual disabilities.
• At frequently used pedestrian
routes (including paths,
stairs, and ramps) 2100 mm
recommended lighting
levels should be 30 lux.
(3 ft. candles).
• In accessible parking
areas, lighting levels are MAINTAIN HEIGHT, LIGHT CUT-OF ANGLE AND FIXTURE SPACING
TO ALLOW VISIBILITY OF PATHWAY AND USERS AND EVEN
recommended to be a LIGHT DISTRIBUTION AT THE WALKING SURFACE.
distributed, provide a
Figure 66
36 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.5 OUTDOOR SUPPORT SYSTEMS EXTERIOR AREAS
• This does not include • Where large outdoor • Signage generally should be
lighting for roads and concerts are regularly in bold ‘sans-serif’ lettering
expressways. The performed (e.g. in the (e.g., Helvetica) on a highly
Transportation Division of summer months), every contrasting background.
Works & Emergency attempt should be made to • Building addresses or
Services Department is include a FM loop (or other identifying signage at street
currently developing a suitable systems), for level, whether it is mounted
Lighting Master Plan which persons who are hearing in landscaped areas or on
will incorporate street impaired. (See Figure 67) posts, should be high enough
lighting. It is anticipated to be clearly visible even
that this Master Plan will with snow piled nearby.
be completed by the end 1.5.4 Signage and
of 2004. Way-Finding • Pedestrian, vehicular, and
• A comprehensive exterior emergency routes should all
signage and way-finding be clearly identified.
1.5.3 Public Address system is required at every • One-way routes should be
Systems major site or facility, to clearly marked – both with
POLICY assist visitors with varying paving markings and by
disabilities to locate post-mounted signs.
Where public address appropriate parking and
systems are provided (e.g., at • The "International Symbol of
accessible entrances.
exterior recreation and/or Accessibility" should be used
entertainment facilities) every • The street address and/or to identify special amenities,
attempt should be made to building/facility name should such as accessible parking,
select and install that minimize be clearly visible from the accessible entrances, or
distortion and provide a full street or public laneway. accessible washrooms.
spectrum of sound. • Lettering size should be
Loudspeakers should be legible at typical viewing
located so as to cover the distances (e.g., from the
desired area adequately road, approach route, parking
without feedback and they area, etc.).
should be mounted on posts
to ensure that the output close MICROPHONE, CD, TAPE, TELEVISION, DVD, FILM, ETC.
to speakers is at acceptable
levels for nearby audience
NORMAL SOUND SYSTEM
members.
• Where significant
information (e.g. emergency SPEAKERS
information) is to be
AMPLIFIER
announced, a clear warning
signal should be provided
before the announcement,
to alert persons who are
hard of hearing.
FM BROADCAST SYSTEM FM TRANSMITTER
FM RECEIVER
Figure 67
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 37
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.5 OUTDOOR SUPPORT SYSTEMS
1.5.5 Snow-melting and 1.5.6 Traffic Signals • Traffic light timing at
Snow Removal specific sites should be
POLICY adjustable to suit not only
POLICY The majority of elderly the volume of vehicular
Where accessible entrances, persons, as well as persons traffic, but also the volume
ramps, or steps are exposed with various disabilities, need of pedestrian traffic.
to prevailing winds and/or more time to make a safe • Timing of lights for
snow-accumulation, icing, etc., crossing at traffic lights than frequently used pedestrian
every attempt should be made the average adult. Persons who crossings should be
to ensure that the snow, ice or are blind, as well as those with adjustable so that the
water is quickly removed. (See low vision, may also need walking speed of persons
also Sections 1.1.8, Pedestrian assurance that they are with disabilities, or seniors,
Routes and Section 1.1.10, crossing at the right time and can be accommodated safely.
Stairs and Steps) in the right direction. As a
result, both timing of traffic
• Sufficient catch basins and lights, as well as the provision
run-offs should be provided of audible and visual cues as
to ensure rapid removal of to when lights change, are
water from melting snow or essential. (See also Section
ice from all pedestrian 1.1.2, Crosswalks)
routes. (See Figure 68)
• At entrance canopies or at
accessible entrances,
consider the use of radiant
heating to automatically
clear ice and snow, where
timely maintenance and
snow clearing may be
problematic.
RED RED RED
Figure 68
38 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.5 OUTDOOR SUPPORT SYSTEMS EXTERIOR AREAS
vision limitations.
(ie. A tactile or vibro-tactile
RAMP WITH UNIQUE PAVING
feature on a pushbutton.) (RAMP MAY BE OFFSET)
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 39
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.6 OTHER
POLICY All finishes should be matte between walls and floors), as
in order to minimize glare. an aid to orientation.
For persons who are
dependent on visual and tactile • Colour contrast should also • Colour may also be used to
cues (e.g. colour and texture), be used to define edges or provide constant information
such information should be boundaries of objects (e.g., (e.g., the location of exit
included in the design of the stair nosings, the head and doors, for example, by
built environment for safe foot of an escalator or ramps, painting all exit doors in the
navigation. or colour differentiated same distinctive colour).
handrails). In high use Applied colour may also be
spaces, colour or tone contrast an added advantage (e.g., to
1.6.1 Colour and Texture should also be used to define indicate the termination of
POLICY the boundaries of a room handrails in large open
(e.g., at the junction areas).
In developing exterior colour
schemes, every attempt should
be made to ensure that both HIGH CONTRAST BETWEEN FIGURE AND BACKGROUND WILL INCREASE READABILITY OF SIGNS
40 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.6 OTHER EXTERIOR AREAS
mobility aids.
Figure 73
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 41
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.6 OTHER
• Where hoardings with public
viewing ports are provided, at
least one viewing port should
be mounted at no more than
1220 mm on center, for use by
3050 mm 3050 mm
persons using mobility aids. BOULEVARD BOULEVARD
POLICY
Freestanding objects should be
located to one side of normal
pedestrian routes without STREET/
TREE AREA
limiting the width of the PROPERTY
LINE
normal route or causing a
hazard to persons with visual
limitations.
• Permanent objects such as STREET
bollards, bicycle racks, TOOLED JOINT BICYCLE RACKS
benches, bus shelters, (TYPICAL)
42 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.6 OTHER EXTERIOR AREAS
hand.
• Temporary construction
scows or large mobile
industrial containers should
be located away from normal
pedestrian routes.
Figure 76
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 43
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.6 OTHER
• Consider providing some however, where they are openings no greater than
planter beds at 460 mm high inevitable, then the bars of 13 mm. (See Figures 71, 77,
above grade to allow easy the grating or grill should be 78 & 79)
access by seniors and located at right angles to the
persons using mobility aids. normal path of travel, with • All steps should be of
non-slip materials with
• Provide defined planting bed highly contrasted nosings.
edges adjacent to busy
pedestrian walks, a minimum
of 100 mm high, as an aid to
persons with visual limitations.
• Provide defined edges at
trail boundaries wherever
the adjacent grade is variable.
• Trim overhanging branches
of trees or shrubs, located FRONT GUIDE WHEEL
OF WHEELCHAIR
over walkways or paths, to
ensure that the headroom
over the walking space is a SURFACE OF WALKWAY
minimum of 1980 mm 13 mm
(2030 mm recommended) MAX.
POLICY
Suitable paving surfaces for
walkways include macadam,
concrete, interlocking brick or
patio stones, providing the
joints are no greater than
6 mm wide and level variations
are no more than 6 mm high. FRONT GUIDE WHEEL
OF WHEELCHAIR
This will minimize tripping
hazards and uncomfortable
conditions for users of mobility
aids. 13 mm
MAX.
Figure 78
44 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.6 OTHER EXTERIOR AREAS
• All ramp surfaces should be • Where paths are not cleared • All gates, closers, automatic
firm and non-slip (e.g.: regularly, suitable signage door operators, porch lifts,
broom finish on concrete should be utilized. automatic ticket machines
or wood decking laid • All garbage containers or other essential equipment
perpendicular to path of should be emptied regularly should be inspected and well
travel). to avoid the accumulation of maintained on a regular
• Handrails and guardrails extraneous garbage around schedule.
should be continuous, the containers.
smooth and well maintained. • All light bulbs along 1.6.9 Obstacle Removal
(See also Section 1.1.5, pedestrian routes should be
Guards and Handrails) Regular and systematic checks
replaced on a regular should be undertaken to
• Walls adjacent to ramps schedule, with lamps (of the ensure that no obstacles have
or stairs should be in same wattage) for which been located in pedestrian
non-abrasive finishes. they were designed. routes (e.g., newspaper
• Smooth walking surfaces vending machines and bicycle
are preferred. Where racks or garbage containers).
interlocking pavers are used, (See Figure 80)
they should be laid on a firm,
well-compacted backing
(e.g., concrete base).
915 mm
1.6.8 Maintenance 150 mm
MIN.
MIN. WIDE
TEXTURED
POLICY SURFACE
TEXTURE STRIP
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 45
PART 1:
EXTERIOR AREAS 1.6 OTHER
1.6.10 Safety and Security • Consider the use of personal • Consider the inclusion of a
alarm devices for those who two-way call system or other
POLICY need assistance, or provide a suitable emergency call
Today, in urban, suburban and clearly visible and accessible system linked to a central
rural sites, seniors and persons two-way voice communication location (e.g., office or
with disabilities are conscious system (e.g., in locations switchboard) from any
of their own vulnerability and where a number of persons accessible unisex washrooms
therefore tend to seek more with disabilities or seniors in larger public buildings
reassurance and inherent are likely to be congregated such as hospitals, schools
security than in the past. permanently or for special or recreation facilities, for
events). A central persons who may require
• Ensure that adequate lighting monitoring location to assistance.
is provided over public receive such calls will also
walkways, steps and ramps be required. • Develop a comprehensive
as well as where public ‘Emergency Plan,’ which
parking is provided. addresses the needs of
(See Figure 81) persons with varying
disabilities, as well as frail
• Pedestrian walkways should seniors, for exiting large
be designed to provide clear outdoor recreational facilities
lines of sight to ensure or other places where
personal safety wherever crowd-control is likely to be
possible. an issue.
• Provide a call bell or a
two-way communication
device at the main accessible
entrance.
• Provide a call bell or
two-way communication
device in enclosed public
PARKING BUILDING
parking areas where
accessible parking is
provided.
• Provide an accessible public
telephone at or in close
proximity to the main
accessible entrance
for persons waiting for a
ride or for persons requiring
emergency assistance.
Figure 81
46 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 1:
1.6 OTHER EXTERIOR AREAS
Figure 82
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 47
PART 2: INDOOR AREAS
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.1 ENTRANCES INDOOR AREAS
PRINCIPLE
All interior routes from
accessible entrances to
accessible exits should be safe
and easy to use by persons
with varying disabilities,
including persons requiring
2750 mm
mobility aids, and persons with MIN.
vision or cognitive 3555 mm
limitations. Such routes RECOMMENDED
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 51
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.1 ENTRANCES
2.1.2 Doors and Doorways A minimum 305 mm • In buildings where there is a
clearance should be provided significant amount of glazing
• Main entrance doors and between the guard and the at grade, it is recommended
other accessible entrance and opened door. that door frames be clearly
exit doors should be a (See Figure 85) colour differentiated to aid in
minimum of 915 mm wide locating the entrance.
to allow safe passage of • Consider the use of (See Figure 86)
persons who use mobility automatic sliding glass doors
aids. at busy entrances that are not
designated exits.
• One accessible entrance is
required for buildings having
1 to 3 entrances and 2
accessible entrances for 1220 mm
buildings having more than
3 to 5 entrances. No "less
than 50 percent accessible
entrances are required for
buildings having more than
5 entrances. User specific 305 mm
situations would be
evaluated in a case by 900 mm
case basis.
610 mm
• Where pairs of doors are MAX.
52 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.1 ENTRANCES INDOOR AREAS
2.1.3 Door Hardware, Locks • Door locks should be • Where out-swinging doors
and Closers mounted between 760 mm must be closed to preserve
and 1065 mm high. privacy (e.g. on washroom
• Automatic door openers are doors), an additional pull
recommended wherever • Select sliding door hardware handle, mounted horizontally
possible. that is easy to grasp and use and close to the hinge side of
and does not reduce the the door, is recommended.
• Push buttons or card access effective clear opening width
controls used to open doors below 810 mm.
should be located away from (See Figures 87, 88 and
the door swing and they Section 2.1.7 Thresholds)
should be mounted on walls
or posts, at a height between
1000 mm and 1100 mm
measured to the centre of the
control.
• Preferred push button
150 mm diameter is
recommended.
• Doors in a series (e.g., in a
vestibule) should be a
minimum of 2135 mm apart Figure 87
and/or the clear floor area
between door swings should
be no less than 1200 mm.
• Door hardware, including
pulls and push plates, should
be generally mounted
between 915 mm and
1065 mm from grade.
• All door opening hardware
on entrance, vestibule, and
room doors should be easy to
grasp and use (e.g., of the
lever handled type).
(See Figure 87) Figure 88
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 53
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.1 ENTRANCES
2.1.4 Entrances • Where accessible entrances • In public buildings, an
include security locks or accessible public telephone
• Accessible entrances provide other locking devices, a should be available near the
direct access to persons nearby call bell (or accessible entrance to
using wheelchairs or scooters information telephone) provide seniors and persons
and are also frequently used should be available for with varying disabilities
as waiting areas for persons persons requiring with suitable telephone
requiring assistance (e.g., information or assistance. access (e.g., calling for a
waiting for a ride from taxi or a ride).
"special transit, taxis, family
members, attendants or
others). (See Figure 89)
• There should be enough
waiting space inside the
main accessible entrance,
either in the vestibule or
adjacent lobby, for at least
two persons using
wheelchairs. Such waiting
areas should provide a clear
ACCESSIBLE ENTRANCE
view of the entrance and PROVIDES DIRECT ACCESS TO
INTERIOR, AND VESTIBULE CAN
arrival area for taxis, buses BE USED AS A WAITING AREA.
or private vehicles.
• Accessible entrances should
provide basic protection
from the weather and include
doors and vestibules that are
useable autonomously by PASSENGER DROP-OFF
persons with varying LOADING ZONE
disabilities. Figure 89
54 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.1 ENTRANCES INDOOR AREAS
2.1.5 Glazed Screens and • Where etched or patterned • Partially glazed doors should
Sidelights glass is used, decals or have glazed panels that
a stripe of a highly extend low enough to allow
• Fully glazed sidelights at contrasting colour, are persons using mobility aids
exterior entrances or in still recommended. to see what is on the far side
interior vestibules, as well of the door (i.e., maximum
as fully glazed screens height from grade 900 mm
elsewhere, should be to lower edge of glazing).
clearly identifiable so as (See Figure 90)
not to constitute a hazard
for persons with visual
limitations.
• A row of bright decals or a 250 mm 250 mm
MAX. MAX.
continuous opaque stripe, a
minimum of 50 mm wide
and of highly contrasting
colour, should be mounted at
eye level, between 1350 mm
and 1500 mm from the
finished floor.
• Decals should be located at
a maximum of 150 mm on 900 mm
MAX.
center and can be either
50 mm square or round
and/or of a special design
(e.g., a company logo), 75 mm
MIN.
providing the solid portion
of the logo is sufficiently
bold for easy identification 250 mm
MAX.
by persons with visual
limitations.
50 mm
MIN.
OPAQUE STRIP
OR DECALS
1350 mm
1500 mm MIN.
MAX.
1500 mm
MAX.
Figure 90
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 55
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.1 ENTRANCES
2.1.6 Mats and Mat 2.1.7 Thresholds • Thresholds at interior
Sinkages doorways should be beveled
• Thresholds required to and not exceed 13 mm in
• Mats at entrances and in accommodate floor level or height. (See Figure 92)
vestibules should be level finish changes to exterior
with the floor and/or located areas (e.g., terraces and
in mat sinkages, so as not to balconies), should be gently
create a tripping hazard for beveled and not exceed
persons who have visual 13 mm in height.
limitations or a hindrance to
persons using mobility aids.
AVOID MATS AND/OR RUGS THICKER THAN 13mm,
• Where occasional mats (e.g., OR WHICH ARE RECESSED MORE THAN 13mm
13 mm
MAX.
Figure 92
56 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.1 ENTRANCES INDOOR AREAS
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 57
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.2 INTERIOR ROUTES
POLICY 2.2.1 Aisles and Passages pass each other easily.
1200 mm width is required
Persons who have mobility • In high use public areas, to allow one person using
limitations require all public aisles and passageways, a a wheelchair and one
interior circulation routes, minimum of 1675 mm wide ambulatory person to pass.
whether horizontal or vertical, is recommended to allow (See Figure 94)
to be wide enough to two persons using
accommodate various mobility wheelchairs or scooters to
aids. Persons who have visual
limitations need safe routes
throughout buildings, with no
unexpected level changes or
obstructions that are
potentially hazardous to them.
Seniors and others with
limited strength and
endurance may require 1200 mm
handrail support and/or MIN.
Figure 94
1200 mm 1500 mm
MIN.
760 mm
MIN.
Figure 95 Figure 96
58 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.2 INTERIOR ROUTES INDOOR AREAS
• In low use areas and offices • Hallways within accessible • Wherever extended length
etc., clear aisle space and residential or overnight corridors are provided,
passageways between walls, suites, as well as aisles in consideration should be
glazed screens, furniture public areas and workspaces given to the inclusion of a
and/or other major etc., should be a minimum of suitable and colour
obstacles should be a 1065 mm wide. contrasted handrail,
minimum of 1100 mm on at least one side of
to accommodate users of • Additional space should be the corridor, as an aid to
mobility aids. available where persons seniors and persons with
using mobility aids must limited mobility.
• Wherever aisles that are manoeuvre around obstacles
1100 mm wide are extensive in corridors or hallways.
in length or terminate in a (See Figure 99)
dead end, a turning space of
at least 1600 mm by
1600 mm should be available TYPICAL SCOOTER D
at 30 m intervals and
recommended at dead
end locations.
660 mm
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 59
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.2 INTERIOR ROUTES
• In extended length • Exterior doors, which • Elevators and platform lifts
corridors of 40 m or more, include panic hardware, should comply with the most
consideration should be should be capable of being recent CAN/CSA B355
given to the provision opened with a force Standards "Lifts for Persons
of a bench or other seating, no greater than 38 Newtons. with Physical Disabilities".
located at intermediate points
along the corridor for seniors • Passenger elevating devices
and others with limited 2.2.4 Elevators and should comply with the most
mobility. recent CAN/CSA Standards
Platform Lifts
B44, "Safety Code for
POLICY Elevators,"
2.2.3 Doors and Doorways Where needed, elevators and • Controls/buttons should
• Doors, doorways or arched passenger platform lifts should include tactile information to
openings should be a be designed to be useable ensure easy use by persons
minimum of 915 mm wide, independently by and who have visual limitations.
with no opening less than accessible to persons using Controls/buttons should be
860 mm clear between wheelchairs and scooters, easy to reach and push, be
obstructions. in all public facilities. The raised and require minimal
provision of ramps is strongly strength to activate. (See
• For fully and partially glazed preferred over platform lifts. Figure 101, also Section
doors, (See Section 2.1.5, (See Figure 126) 2.4.6, Controls and
Glazed Screens and Operating Mechanisms)
Sidelights).
• Where fire doors or smoke
doors are required in any 1500 mm
corridor hallway, they should
be a minimum of 915 mm 600 mm 860 mm
wide, and provide a clear
width between stops of
860 mm. (See Figure 100)
• To ensure free movement
through public buildings, it
is generally recommended
that required fire and smoke
1500 mm
barrier doors be installed on
electrical hold-open devices
so that the doors only close
when the fire alarm is activated.
• The opening force required
for interior doors, using
closers or other automatic
latching devices should not
exceed 22 Newtons.
Figure 100
60 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.2 INTERIOR ROUTES INDOOR AREAS
• A delay button should be 2.2.5 Interior Ramps • The maximum length of any
available both in the cab and ramp is 9 m between level
• The provision of ramps is
in each elevator lobby to landing areas.
strongly preferred over
allow boarding by persons
platform lifts.
who are slower than usual, as
a result of ageing or disability. • Interior ramps should have a
maximum slope of 1 in 12,
• In both high-rise residential
however, a slope of 1 in 15
and institutional facilities
is preferred. (See Part 1:
serving seniors or people
Section 1.2.1, Accessible
with disabilities, at least one
Routes to Entrances and
elevator should be capable of
Figure 22)
accommodating a stretcher,
with a minimum platform
size of 1725 mm by PORCH LIFT
915 mm
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 61
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.2 INTERIOR ROUTES
• Where short ramps are 2.2.6 Safe Holding Areas • Have separate emergency
required, e.g., for level lighting and ventilation
differences of 150 mm, POLICY systems. A two-way voice
the ramp slope may be Where a safe holding area communication system
evaluated on case by case is included as part of the linked to the fire control
basis. emergency plan for persons center should also be
with disabilities, such holding provided.
• Ramp surfaces should be
non-slip. areas should be able to
accommodate a number of
• The width between handrails persons using various mobility
should be not less than aids (e.g., wheelchairs or
900 mm and not more than scooters) and:
1100 mm. It is recommended
that the width between • Be located in logical
handrails should be a locations on each floor,
minimum of 1015 mm. above or below grade, that
are easy to identify by
• Handrails are required on persons who have visual
both sides of ramps and limitations and be accessible
should extend at least to wheelchair and scooter
300 mm beyond the head users.
and foot of the ramp.
(See Part 1: Section 1.1.9,
Ramps, and Figure 16)
• Provide a cane-detectable
floor surface 765 mm deep at PROTECT THIS AREA
FROM CROSS TRAFFIC
the head and foot of all
ramps to alert persons who
have visual limitations. 680 mm
1980 mm
MIN.
MIN. (2030 mm
• The cane-detectable surface RECOMMENDED)
62 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.2 INTERIOR ROUTES INDOOR AREAS
2.2.7 Stairs and Steps • For handrail and guard 2.2.8 Turnstiles and
dimensions etc., (See Figure Control Gates
POLICY 105 and Part 1: Section 1.1.5
Guards and Handrails) • Wherever turnstiles or other
Stairs and steps in all normal crowd control gates are used
public routes and paths of • Handrails or guards should to manage the movement of
travel should be safely useable be contrasting in colour and people, such turnstiles
by persons with limited project a minimum of should either be of
mobility, e.g., cane users. 300 mm beyond the top and breakaway design to
The following criteria are bottom riser to aid persons accommodate persons using
recommended. (Note: who have visual limitations. wheelchairs/scooters or have
OBC standards should be an adjacent access gate that
considered an absolute is wide enough to allow the
minimum). (See 1.1.10 passage of persons using
Stairs & Steps) wheelchairs/scooters or
• Stair treads should be a other mobility aids.
minimum recommended • Clearances at turnstiles or
of 280 mm. gates should be a minimum
• Stair risers should be a of 860 mm clear width.
maximum recommended
height of 180 mm.
• Interior stairs or flights of
steps should contain no less
than 3 risers. Where the
underside of stairs is open,
a cane detectable barrier
should be provided when
the headroom clearance
450 mm
is less than 1980 mm MIN.
(2030 mm is recommended),
as protection for persons
who have visual limitations. 30-50 mm
(See Figure 104)
• A highly contrasting and 40 mm MIN. CLEARANCE FOR
SMOOTH WALL SURFACES
cane-detectable floor surface 64 mm MIN. RECOMMENDED FOR
at least 915 mm deep, should ROUGH WALL SURFACES
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 63
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES
POLICY • Public check-in counters 2.3.2 Door and Cupboard
for coat storage located in Hardware
All amenities in spaces used entertainment facilities or
by the public or staff should other settings, should Persons with limited dexterity
be accessible and useable by include at least one section and strength should be able to
persons with varying of lowered counter, operate door and cupboard
disabilities. approximately 765 mm hardware.
2.3.1 Coat Closets and wide and 865 mm high • Door pulls or latches should
Coat Racks to allow easy access by be of the lever handled or
persons using mobility aids. ‘D’ type for easy use by
In public facilities and
institutional settings, access • In residential settings, some persons with disabilities.
to coat closets or racks is accessible clothing and bulk (See Figure 107)
needed, especially in the storage space should be • Door hardware should be
winter months. provided that is suitable for mounted no higher than
persons using mobility aids. 1065 mm.
• In each major area or on
each floor, provide at least • Wherever possible, locks
one section of coat hanging should be part of the handset.
space that is reachable and
useable by persons using • Sliding cupboard or door
mobility aids such as hardware should be selected
wheelchairs/scooters. and mounted so that the clear
Note: approximately 10% of door opening that remains
all coat space storage should is at least 860 mm wide.
be accessible and free of (See Figure 108)
obstacles.
(See Figure 106)
• Accessible closets and coat
racks should have coat rods
and/or coat hooks fixed
securely and mounted
between 1200 mm and
1370 mm high.
• At least one fixed shelf
should be provided in
accessible sections of coat
closets mounted no higher ACCESSIBILTY
RANGE 1370 mm
than 1420 mm. Note: No 1200 mm
MAX.
base or lower shelf should
be installed in accessible
closets. 405 mm
MIN.
• Clear door openings for
closets or coat racks should
be at least 810 mm wide to Figure 106
allow a frontal approach by
persons using mobility aids.
64 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES INDOOR AREAS
760 mm
MIN.
Figure 109
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 65
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES
2.3.4 Equipment and wheelchair access and use. should have an open base to
Furniture (See Figure 110) ensure persons using
• Coffee and telephone tables, mobility aids approach.
In selecting furniture or
equipment for public and staff located in waiting areas and • Planters with strong
areas, (e.g., lobbies, waiting lounges, should be no lower cane-detectable bases
and dining areas), care should than 510 mm high and they should be selected.
be taken to ensure that
selected items (and their
layout) will not constitute a
hazard for persons who have
visual limitations and that they
are useable by persons with
varying disabilities. 785 mm
MAX.
700 mm
• All items of furniture, MIN.
Figure 111
66 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES INDOOR AREAS
2.3.5 Information and lower than 460 mm from the • Numbers or names on
Service Counters floor (e.g., between 5% and lockers should: be in distinct
10% of available spaces). and legible lettering; be
• Counters used for (See Figures 112, 113 and mounted no higher than
information or service 114) 1525 mm; and be of either
purposes should have at raised or recessed lettering.
least one section useable • Locks for accessible storage Lettering colour should be
by persons in lockers should be mounted at highly contrasted from the
wheelchairs/scooters at a 915 mm, but no higher than background.
maximum height of 865 mm. 1065 mm. Locks should be
The counter should have no easy to operate by persons
obstructions that adversely with limited manual
affect the ability of the dexterity.
public or staff to pass
through information or
have eye contact. Accessible
sections of counters should
be a minimum of 760 mm
wide, with knee space below
of at least 250 mm deep by
1370 mm
700 mm high, to allow easy MAX.
wheelchair/scooter approach
and use. (See Figure 111)
• Where speaking ports are 460 mm
MIN.
provided at enquiry counters,
ticket sales desks etc.; at
least one such position Figure 112 Figure 113
should have the speaking
port no higher than 1065 mm
for persons using mobility
aids.
510 mm MAX.
GRASP REACH
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 67
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES
• Lettering or number size • Mailboxes or mail slots in • The lower edge of mirrors
should be between 13 mm apartment buildings, over vanities and washbasins
and 19 mm high, for easy recreational buildings and in public washrooms should
legibility by persons who educational facilities etc., be mounted no higher than
have visual disabilities. should include some 915 mm from the floor.
accessible mailboxes, Alternatively, a tilted mirror
• Aisle spaces in front of which are mounted between should be provided.
lockers, baggage 610 mm and 1065 mm from (See Figure 115)
compartments and carousels the floor. A "D" type handle
should be a minimum of should be provided for easy • Where suitable mirrors
1370 mm deep to permit a finger grip by persons with cannot be mounted over
forward or lateral approach limited manual dexterity. basins, a separate full-length
by users with mobility aids. mirror is recommended. The
• For signage and numbering lower edge of the mirror
• Baggage racks or carousels of mailboxes, (See Section should be mounted
for suitcases etc. should have 2.4.16, Signage and approximately 610 mm from
the platform surface no Way-finding). the floor and extend to no
higher than 460 mm from
less than 1830 mm high.
the floor.
Such mirrors should be
2.3.8 Mirrors located where there is a
2.3.7 Mail Boxes Mirrors located in public clear floor area of 915 mm
washrooms should be available by 1370 mm deep in front
Mailboxes and post boxes to and mounted at suitable to ensure access by persons
located in private or public heights for use by persons in using mobility aids.
settings should be accessible wheelchairs or scooters.
to persons using mobility aids.
• Post boxes in public
buildings,recreational, IN DIFFICULT RENOVATIONS, A MIRROR WHICH IS SLIGHTLY
tourist, or transit TILTED DOWNWARDS LETS PERSONS IN WHEELCHAIRS
SEE A FULL VIEW OF THEMSELVES
facilities should have mail
slots for letters or packages
mounted at 1015 mm but
no higher than 1220 mm
from floor level. A "D" type
handle should be provided
for easy finger grip by
persons with limited
manual dexterity.
> 915 mm
(TILTED MIRROR)
< 915 mm
(FLAT MIRROR)
Figure 115
68 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES INDOOR AREAS
• Mirrors that are mounted 2.3.10 Public Showers and • Accessible showers or
immediately opposite doors/ Changing Rooms shower stalls should include
openings into washrooms a drop down seat at one side,
or elevators are not Public showers and changing mounted at a height of
recommended as the rooms should be designed to 438-480 mm from the floor.
reflections are confusing be accessible to people with A horizontal grab rail is
to persons who have mobility aids. recommended to be provided
cognitive limitations. • Where shower stalls are and mounted 915 mm from
provided, at least one stall the floor, at the centre of the
• Tinted mirrors or patterned long side, and the grab bar
mirror surfaces are not should be 1500 mm wide by
900 mm deep with a level should be reachable from a
recommended as they seated position.
present distorted images entry at the floor, or a
rounded or beveled threshold (See Figures 117)
for some seniors and persons
with low vision. no higher than 13 mm. • Shower controls should
• Ensure that the floor drain is include pressure controls and
• Lighting over mirrors should an automatic mixing valve so
be of an even quality and not not situated in the standing
or seating location. A level that hot water temperature
act as a source of direct or does not exceed 49 O C, to
reflected glare. approach space of at least
minimize accidental scalding.
900 mm by 1500 mm should
be provided to accommodate • Telephone type showerheads
2.3.9 Platforms/Daises users with mobility aids. are recommended on a
(See Figure 116) flexible hose and mounted
• Platforms or daises, provided on an adjustable rod, to
for display or presentation allow varying showerhead
purposes, should be positions. (See Figure 117)
accessible to and useable by
persons with mobility aids. 1500 mm
Figure 116
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 69
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES
• Floor drains in accessible • Accessible public and staff • The preferred faucet
showers should be positioned washrooms should be on basins are of the
away from a seated shower equipped with automatic automatic type.
user. door openers whenever
• Where larger accessible possible.
showers are required, (e.g., • The preferred side grab bar
at the entrance to a pool deck is the reversed “L” shaped
area), thresholds should be type.
no higher than 13 mm.
• Changing rooms providing
aisles and access to clothes
lockers should have no aisle
space less than 1100 mm wide.
• Some accessible lockers
should be provided for use
by persons with mobility
aids and mounted between
460 mm and 1220 mm high.
• Locks for accessible lockers
should be easy to use with
one hand and by persons
with limited manual dexterity.
baby-changing table,
mounted no higher than
865 mm from floor level,
should be considered.
840 mm
Figure 118
70 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES INDOOR AREAS
mobility aids.
• Knee space below the
accessible vanity counter 305 mm
or apron should be at least RECOMMENDED
460 – 480 mm
735 mm high at the front
edge of the apron by 1675 mm
RECOMMENDED
205 mm deep from front Figure 119
Figure 119
edge and 760 mm wide,
to allow easy access by
persons using mobility aids.
Note: Many scooters 485 mm
MAX.
have higher seats than
wheelchairs and a higher
knee clearance may be
desirable. (See Figure 120) 840 mm
MAX. 735 mm 685 mm 230 mm MIN.
• Basins in accessible vanities MIN.
MIN.
TOE CLEARANCE
460 mm
should be mounted as far MIN.
forward as possible, without 485 mm
MAX.
encroaching on the MIN. KNEE
205 mm
CLEARANCE
recommended knee 280 mm
space clearances.
430 mm
• The hot water basin 150 mm MIN. 840 mm
TOE CLEARANCE MAX.
temperature should be
controlled, i.e. 49 O C
or lower. Where water
temperature is higher, waste OPEN SPACE
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 71
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES
• Accessible work surfaces
at service or information
counters, study carrels etc.,
should be mounted between SNACKS
760 mm and 865 mm high, SWITCH
COIN SLOT
with clear knee space below.
72 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES INDOOR AREAS
Figure 124
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 73
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.3 INTERIOR AMENITIES
2.3.15 Windows and • Where required, window • Window blinds, drapes
Window Hardware hardware should be of the or louvers should have
lever handle type (i.e., not a operators, controls, and pull
In buildings with operable rotary action). cords etc., that are accessible
windows, the opening sections to persons using mobility
should be easy to reach and • In residential suites, opening aids, (i.e., with controls in an
operate by persons using units of windows should be open approachable space),
mobility aids. designed to deflect direct mounted no higher than
drafts away from the 1200 mm. (See Figure 125)
• Sill heights should ideally be occupants whenever
no higher than 760 mm from possible.
the floor to allow vision out
by persons using mobility
aids or by persons who are
confined to their beds.
(See Figure 125)
• Horizontal transoms in
windows should be designed
so that they do not interrupt
the eye level of seated
persons (i.e., not mounted
between 1070 mm and
1200 mm). (See Figure 125)
• Deep windowsills located in
residential and institutional
units that provide an extra
surface for plants and 1200 mm
photographs should be MAX.
74 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS INDOOR AREAS
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 75
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS
• Audible alarm signals should • Where interior doors in areas are required to have
be accompanied by visual public buildings providing closers as part of general
alarms, as an aid to persons access to essential services, fire-safety requirements,
who are deaf, deafened or programs, work or support power assisted openers may
hard of hearing. Note: also be desirable.
For persons who have
both visual and
auditory limitations, WIDE ZONE
disabilities, a two-stage
emergency alarm system is
recommended, with
distinctive (i.e., pulses or
intermittent) audible
pedestrian signals for
each stage.
APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF MOTION
SENSOR DETECTION ZONE (TYPICAL)
THE WIDE ZONE IS USED
WHERE THERE IS SIDE TRAFFIC
2.4.3 Automatic
Door Openers
Figure 127
Persons (public, staff, etc.)
with varying disabilities should
be able to enter or exit the NARROW ZONE
building safely and easily.
MOTION SENSOR (TYPICAL)
Figure 128
76 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS INDOOR AREAS
• The controls for power 2.4.4 Card Access Systems • See also doors and glazed
assisted doors should be & Security Systems doors. (See Section 2.1.5,
located clear of the door Glazed Screens and
swing where there is • Where card access systems Sidelights)
sufficient approach space, are selected to enter
in areas where there is a particular facilities or spaces,
minimum clear floor space the system selected should
of 1065 mm by 1525 mm for be suitable for use by
access by persons using persons with varying
mobility aids. Controls disabilities, including
should be mounted between persons with limited manual
1000 mm and 1100 mm high dexterity, visual disabilities
from floor measured from or difficulty with reaching
the centre of the control, (e.g., limited upper body
preferably not on door movement).
jambs. (See also Section 2.1, • Card entry systems should be
Entrances) wall/post mounted, between
• Where automatic detection 1000 mm and 1100 mm from
systems are used, (such as the floor measured from the
pressure sensitive mats or centre of the control card
light beams) the layout of the entry system.
mats or light beam coverage • Where keypads or other
should ensure that persons encoded entry/exit systems
using mobility aids (e.g., are used, the buttons should
wheelchairs/scooters), be raised, mounted on a
seniors or persons with bright coloured background
visual limitations have time and include raised numerals
to clear the opening safely, or letters in a constant array.
before the door closes again.
(See Figures 127 & 128) • Where keypad systems are
door or jamb mounted, there
• Where automatic exterior should be enough space
doors swing open toward (e.g., free of the door swing),
oncoming pedestrians or are to allow a person using a
located in busy interior areas, mobility aid to approach and
lateral guards should be use the keypad and the door
provided. Guards should safely.
extend a minimum of
305 mm beyond the swing • Card systems selected should
of the door on both sides of have cards that are easy to
the opening, to provide a use by persons who have
warning to persons with visual limitations, either by
visual limitations. using a distinct colour or
(See Section 2.1.2, texture on one side, or by
Doors and Doorways and using raised numbers, letters
Figure 85) and Braille to ensure easy
orientation and use.
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 77
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS
2.4.5 Communication • Where visual public • In networked systems,
Systems communication systems consideration should be
or displays are utilized for given to special input and
General (non-emergency) public information purposes, output requirements for
communication systems should (e.g., at video type persons who have sensory
be accessible to, useable and terminals), an audio output, limitations.
understood by persons with (such as voice or tape) See also Section 2.4.14.
various sensory limitations. should be considered, as
• All essential two-way well as alternate forms of
communication systems, essential information (e.g.,
utilizing voice input or large print and braille text,
output, should also include a for persons who have visual
digital display for persons limitations).
with auditory or voice
limitations.
• Communication systems
(such as telephones and
intercoms) should include at
least one unit in each array
with volume enhancement
for persons who have
hearing limitations.
Systems should also
include a coupling device for
persons using hearing aids.
• At major information
counters, enquiry and
booking locations,
consideration should be
given to the use of a
TTY telephone (i.e., text
telephone with a digital
display). (See Figure 129)
• Where visual input or output
displays are utilized, some
consideration should be
given to the needs of persons
who have visual limitations
by providing an alternate or
supplementary system, with
an audio output.
Figure 129
78 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS INDOOR AREAS
2.4.6 Controls and • Lever type controls or raised • All duplex receptacles
Operating Mechanisms push buttons, no smaller than should be mounted no lower
13 mm in diameter, are than 460 mm from the floor
• All controls and operating generally recommended. and no higher than 1065 mm
mechanisms should be (e.g., above counters or work
reachable and useable by • All light switches, surfaces).
persons with varying thermostats and fire alarm
disabilities. pull stations etc., should
(See Figures 130 and 131) be mounted no higher
than 1200 mm.
• All controls, operating
components or dispensing
slots should be mounted
between 610 mm and
1200 mm from the floor, to
allow easy access by persons THERMOSTAT SWITCH
• Instruction information
detailing the use of key
controls or operating
mechanisms should be
clearly visible in large print
1370 mm
text, on a highly contrasting MAX.
background. Instructions
should be mounted close
to key controls or operating
mechanisms for easy
identification by all users.
Figure 131
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 79
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS
2.4.7 Electrical Power • Audible signals for two-stage • In facilities serving persons
evacuation should have who are blind or who have
Electrical power should distinct noises/sounds visual limitations, increased
be sufficient to allow in each stage (e.g. be warning signage should be
supplementary lighting and distinguishable from each provided.
communication devices to be other). (See Figure 132)
added wherever needed to • Portable vibratory alarms
benefit various persons with • Announcements regarding should be considered to
disabilities who use the facility fire-exiting procedures supplement auditory signals,
or site. should be loud enough to for persons (including staff)
carry above ambient noise with hearing limitations who
• Emergency power should be levels and be preceded by a are permanent occupants of
sufficient to ensure adequate distinctive sound, in order to a building or institution, or
emergency lighting levels, alert building occupants. who are overnight guests in
the use of elevators and other a hotel.
key operating components • Visible flashing signals
and/or systems during a should be utilized. Note:
power outage, in all major the pulse of visible flashing
areas of the facility, along all signals should be tested to
paths of travel to exits and in ensure that it does not trigger
all designated safe holding epileptic seizures.
areas.
• Signals should be mounted
• An emergency powered high on the walls and should
duplex receptacle should be be easily visible against
provided in all commercial, background colour and
institutional, and other lighting.
occupancies which facilitate
overnight accommodations,
designated for use by
persons with disabilities.
SMOKE
CONTROL SPEAKERS
DETECTORS
PANEL
2.4.8 Fire/Emergency
Systems and Signals
Fire alarm signals should
include both audible and
visible components to alert
persons with sensory
limitations. (See also Section
2.2.6, Safe Holding Areas and HEAT
DETECTORS BELLS
Section 2.4.2, Audible Signals) MICROPHONE
80 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS INDOOR AREAS
2.4.9 Heating, Cooling, and • To minimize noise from air • On display monitors,
Ventilation Systems handling systems in meeting, consideration should be
work and study areas, it is given to include an enlarging
Heating, cooling and recommended that fan function for persons with
ventilation systems should be mounts be acoustically low vision.
designed to accommodate isolated. Related ductwork
persons whose circulatory should be insulated to aid • Information systems designed
systems are inadequate. persons with hearing for direct access by the
For instance, many seniors limitations. general public, (e.g., video
and persons using mobility display terminals with
devices have difficulty sensing keyboard or keypad access)
temperature differences 2.4.10 Information Systems should be easy to operate,
because of poor circulation or require little physical effort
and Directories
body tone. When the ambient and be mounted at a height
temperature is too high or • Information systems suitable for use by persons
too low, they may become providing direct information with mobility aids (e.g.,
dehydrated or suffer from to the public need to be 1200 mm.)
hypothermia. comprehensible to a wide
• Push-buttons (or other
variety of users, including
• Ambient air temperature in controls) accessing public
persons with sensory
facilities serving persons information systems should
disabilities. (See also
who are either: frail, seniors be clearly identifiable by
Section 2.4.5,
or persons with disabilities, colour and/or tone from the
Communication Systems)
should be designed to background colour, with
operate between 21º C and • Where essential auditory a contrast of 70% or greater.
26º C (70º F and 79º F) at all information is available, Push-buttons or other
times of the year. (e.g., on audiotape, by controls should include
telephone or other means), it raised numbers, numerals
• The humidity in the air of should be complemented by or symbols for easy
residential facilities and suitable printed material. identification by persons
institutions serving seniors who have visual disabilities.
or persons with disabilities, • Essential print information (See also Section 2.4.6,
should be designed to should generally be printed Controls and Operating
operate between 30% - 40%, in large text (e.g., 12-14 pt Mechanisms)
(especially during the winter bold) on a highly contrasting
months), to aid proper background colour. Print • Lighting levels at keyboards
skin care. information should also or other controls should be
be available in alternate evenly distributed at no less
• Mechanical, ventilation and formats, including braille or than 200 lux (20 ft. candles).
air-cooling systems should audiotape, for use by persons
be designed so that the air • Visual display screens, in
who have visual limitations.
flow from diffusers/grills is public information or display
not directed towards persons • Information typically systems, should be mounted
lying in bed or toward available on visual display to ensure there is no direct
permanent seating or work- screens should also be glare (e.g., from artificial or
ing locations. available in other formats, natural lighting) on the
including audiotape or surface of the screen.
large print.
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 81
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS
2.4.11 • The leading edges of stairs, 2.4.12 Natural Lighting
Artificial Lighting steps, ramps or escalators
• Wherever possible, natural
should be evenly lit to
• Artificial lighting and natural light should be utilized to
minimize tripping hazards.
light sources should provide assist in lighting entrances,
Low-level lighting is also
comfortable, evenly corridors and major
desirable in special locations,
distributed light at all workspaces. However, care
(e.g., theatres) to aid in safe
working surfaces on the should be taken to minimize
navigation by all users.
floors of all circulation direct glare (e.g., reflected
routes and in all areas of • Lighting levels in elevator from floor or work surfaces)
potential hazard, to aid lobbies should be similar to that is problematic for
persons with low vision. the lighting levels in elevator persons with visual
cabs in order to minimize disabilities.
• Light sources and fixtures tripping hazards. Lighting
should be selected to levels in elevator lobbies are
minimize direct or indirect recommended to be no less 2.4.13 Listening Devices
glare from nearby reflective than 100 lux (10 ft. candles),
surfaces and to ensure that • In public meeting or
at the threshold of the assembly areas serving
persons with low vision can elevator.
navigate safely. a number of people,
• Emergency lighting over consideration of the needs
• Lighting design should ensure interior stairs and ramps, in of persons who are deaf or
that the quality of light is exits, or other paths of travel, hard of hearing should be
close to a full spectrum as is recommended to be included.
possible to aid in edge and whenever reasonable
colour definition by persons • An FM loop, or other
100 lux (10 ft. candles) at assistive listening system,
who have visual disabilities. the walking surface and
Where fluorescent or quartz are recommended to be
50 lux (5 ft. candles) considered for all meeting
light sources with a high in exterior locations.
blue content are used, rooms or assembly and
they should be offset with • Lighting over directional entertainment areas, serving
incandescent lights. This or informational signage more than 35 persons.
ensures the warm end of at public telephones, (See Figure 133)
the spectrum provides informational/service • Where infrared assistive
appropriate colour definition. counters, automatic teller listening devices are used,
machines, or other keypad ensure that no overhead
• Light fixtures with multiple operations, should be no less
pinpoints of high intensity incandescent lights cancel
than 200 lux (20 ft. candles) out the infrared signal at
light should be avoided, as at the working or
they add an unnecessary the receiver.
information surface.
source of glare and leave an • In meeting areas,
after image on the retina • Lighting over lecterns, dimmer switches (or other
for persons with low vision. podiums, platforms or other transformer coils) should be
speaker locations should be carefully located so as not
• Lighting should be laid out capable of being enhanced,
to create even distribution at to cause electro-magnetic
even when other lighting interference with any audio
floor level, and to minimize is dimmed, to permit
pools of light or areas of induction loops.
lip-reading and a view
shadow. Such variations in of any of the hand actions
lighting levels are confusing (i.e., from ‘signers’) used to
to many seniors and communicate with persons
persons with low vision. who are deaf.
82 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS INDOOR AREAS
• Where an FM loop system, as well as in common use • Personal alarm, staff or other
or other assistive listening areas located in institutional call systems (e.g., nurse
device is provided in public settings. call), should be selected
buildings or meeting areas, • Public address systems with care and according to
portable headsets compatible should preferably be zoned the requirements of the
with personal hearing aids so that information can be particular setting or user.
should be made available to directed to key locations Call systems should always
persons who may require only, to minimize be used with discretion.
them. (See Figure 133) background noise in other • Paging systems for use by
• Where an induction loop areas of the building. staff or other key personnel
system is utilized, only half • Where public address systems should be selected to be
the seating area will need to are used to broadcast discreet and low in volume.
be encompassed. background music, care Systems should only sound
• Every theatre intended for should be taken to ensure at devices or locations
viewing of motion pictures that it is only in selected where such persons might
shall accommodate described (zoned) areas of the facility, reasonably be expected
video and the installation of and that the system can be to be located.
rear-view captioning in switched off in localized (See also Section 2.4.5,
conformance with the areas, when required. Communication Systems)
Ontario Building Code. • All-point call systems should
• Larger meeting rooms should only be utilized for fire and 2.4.15 Telephones
be designed and furnished emergency information • See Part 1: Section 1.4.6,
to allow a clear view of the (i.e., not for paging staff). Public Telephones, and
speaker(s) at all times. Section 2.4.5,
(See also Section 2.4.1, Communication Systems.
Acoustics) (See also Figure 129)
2.4.14 Public Address MICROPHONE, CD, TAPE, TELEVISION, DVD, FILM, ETC.
Systems
• Public address systems NORMAL SOUND SYSTEM
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 83
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS
2.4.16 Signage and • Room numbers or names
Way-finding should be mounted on the
wall close to the opening
• Persons with visual
side of the door, preferably
limitations, seniors, persons
within 305 mm of the
with cognitive limitations
doorframe as a constant
and persons whose primary
reference location.
language is not English,
may be highly dependent on
a comprehensive signage
system, for orientation and
way-finding in large or
complex buildings, where
public services or programs
are provided. Such signage
and complementary
way-finding strategies must
be logical, consistent in
design and distribution
throughout the building and
include lettering, numbers,
pictograms or icons
that are legible and easy to
comprehend. (See Figures
134, 135, 136, 138 and 139)
• All directional signage and Figure 134
locational signage should
be mounted at eye-level,
between 1370 mm and
1525 mm high, for quick
and easy identification by
persons who have visual
limitations.
(See Figure 137)
Figure 135
84 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS INDOOR AREAS
BRAILLE
1525 mm
Figure 137
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 85
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS
• Where special exiting 2.4.17 Ticketing Machines • Ticket dispensing machines
instructions are provided for should not have operable or
persons with disabilities, • Both interior and exterior dispensing parts higher than
(e.g., directions to ticketing machines for 1200 mm or lower than
safe holding areas), this parking, fares, or general 915 mm from floor level.
information should be in admission etc., should be
large print on a highly accessible to persons with
contrasting background for limited manual dexterity,
easy identification and persons using mobility
legibility by persons with devices and persons with
low vision. (See Figure 140) low vision.
• For exiting and fire alarm
signage, (See OBC
requirements).
• For signage relating to
elevators, (See CAN/CSA B.
355 and CAN/CSA B.651
Appendix C for Tactile
Signage).
MEN TOILET
HOMMES TOILETTE
Figure 138 Figure 139
Figure 140
86 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.4 INTERIOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROLS INDOOR AREAS
CHARACTER
2.4.18 Video Display HEIGHT = 1 UNIT
6 TO 10 UNITS
Terminals
• See Section 2.4.10
Information Systems and
Directories, Section 1 UNIT
2.4.11(a), Artificial Lighting
and Section 2.4.12(b),
Natural Lighting. Figure 141
Figure 142
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 87
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
POLICY • The minimum number of • Public washrooms should
accessible seating locations be accessible to athletes,
Members of the public, is: 2 for the first 100 seats visitors, or staff with various
regardless of age or disability, and 1 seat for each disabilities.
should be able to access and successive 100 seats.
use all public facilities, services • Staff accommodation and
and programs. Wherever • Access panels, with a related support areas, offices
possible, staff and support minimum of 865 mm clear or meeting rooms should
areas of such facilities should entry width, should be accommodate persons with
be able to accommodate provided for all users to mobility aids. (See also
persons with disabilities as access the arena floor or Section 2.5.15, Meeting
visitors, consultants or as ice surface. Areas, Assembly
employees. Rooms and Theatres)
• Changing/Locker Room
2.5.1 Arenas accommodation for athletes
or others should be designed
• Sports arenas (including all
to accommodate all persons
coaching and playing areas)
with disabilities, including
should accommodate persons
users of mobility aids. (See
with varying disabilities, as
Figures 143, 144 and also
well as persons who use
Section 2.3.10, Public
mobility aids (e.g.,
Showers and Changing
wheelchairs and scooters).
Rooms)
• Accessible seating locations
should have clear sight lines.
Because of the increase in
size of wheelchairs and
scooters it is recommended
the accessible seating space
to be a minimum of 900 mm
wide by 1500 mm deep for
side approach. At least
two (2) spaces should be
provided together in each
location with direct access
to an accessible aisle or
passageway. (See Part 1: Figure 143 Figure 144
Section 1.3.7, Grandstands
and Viewing Areas and
Figures 38 and 39)
88 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
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2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS INDOOR AREAS
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 89
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
2.5.3 Cafeterias, Cutlery, condiments, and • Beverage dispensing areas
Restaurants, Dining napkin containers etc., should be accessible to
Areas and Bars should be mounted no higher persons using wheelchairs or
than 1065 mm from floor scooters with machines that
• Cafeterias, restaurants, level. (See Figure 148) are easy to operate with one
cafés, bars, and/or other hand. (See also Section 2.4.6
areas providing food or
beverage services, should
be accessible to persons
with varying disabilities,
including persons using
mobility aids. TRAY RAIL
90 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS INDOOR AREAS
• Where tray rails are 2.5.4 Churches and Places • For accessible entrances,
provided, they should be of Worship (See Section 2.1.4,
as continuous as possible Entrances)
to allow persons using • All public areas in churches
wheelchairs or scooters to and places of worship should • For accessible washrooms,
slide a tray along easily. be accessible to persons showers, coatrooms, etc.,
(Note: Random access with varying disabilities, (See Section 2.3.1, Coat
cafeteria set-ups are generally including main areas of Closets and Coat Racks,
not recommended, as they worship, meeting rooms, Section 2.3.10, Public
are difficult for persons washrooms, coatrooms and Washrooms and Changing
with visual impairments to offices. Rooms)
comprehend, and difficult • Accessible seating locations, • For office and meeting room
to use by persons who are in addition to fixed seating, areas (including classrooms,
mobility impaired). should be provided for Sunday school areas, etc.,
• Cashier locations should persons using mobility aids. (See Section 2.5.15, Meeting
include accessible aisles, a Such locations should be Rooms, Assembly Areas and
minimum of 915 mm wide distributed in various places Theatres)
with clear resting surfaces to ensure that persons with
for trays etc. Surfaces should disabilities can sit with
be mounted no higher than other family members or
915 mm from the floor. friends. The recommended
(See Figure 149) proportion of accessible
seating is 2 for each 100
• Where barriers and turnstiles seating locations or 2%.
are provided to control
access, at least one
accessible location should
be included at a minimum 915 mm
of 915 mm wide.
• For queuing areas (See also
Section 2.2.8, Turnstiles
and Control Gates and
Section 2.5.3, Cafeterias,
Restaurants, Dining
Areas and Bars)
• For vending machines
(See Section 2.3.13,
Vending Machines)
• For access to outdoor eating
areas etc. (See Part 1:
Section 1.3, Special Areas
and Features)
CHECKOUT LANE COUNTER
Figure 149
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 91
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
• For raised areas e.g.: pulpits, • For signage and way finding 2.5.7 Community Centres
altars, daises, choir areas, (See Section 2.4.16, Signage
• Community Centres by their
etc., (See also Section 2.3.9 and Way-finding).
very nature, offer various
Platforms and Daises and • For public meeting areas programs and activities to a
Section 2.5.17, Schools and (See Section 2.5.15, Meeting wide range of public
Continuing Education Rooms, Assembly Areas and participants of all age
Centres) Theatres). groups. Amongst these are
• For public address systems • For public washrooms senior citizens and mothers
and listening devices (See Section 2.3.10, Public with small children. Such
(See Section 2.4.5, Washrooms and Changing centres should be fully
Communication Systems, Rooms). accessible to persons with
Section 2.4.13, Listening varying disabilities, both as
Devices and Section 2.4.14, • For fire and life safety members of the public and as
Public Address Systems) (See Section 2.4.8, Fire employees.
Emergency Systems and
• For lighting systems (See Signals, Section 2.4.14, • All public areas of
Section 2.4.11, Artificial Public Address Systems and Community Centres should
Lighting and Section 2.4.12, Section 2.6.4, Fire and Life be designed to be accessible
Natural Lighting) Safety). to persons using mobility
aids, as well as persons with
sensory limitations.
2.5.5 Office Buildings 2.5.6 Clinics • For general access
• Offices providing services or • All facilities providing health requirements (See
programs to the public should care services to the public Section 2.1.4, Entrances,
be accessible to everyone, should be fully accessible to Section 2.1.7, Thresholds,
including staff, regardless of seniors and persons with Section 2.2.1, Aisles and
age or disability. varying disabilities. Passageways and Section
• Accessible offices and 2.2.2, Corridors and
• Public health, out-patient, Hallways)
workspaces should be able to physiotherapist, chiropractic
accommodate persons using clinics, doctor’s offices, • For public meeting and
mobility aids in all areas of dental offices, diagnostic assembly areas (See Section
the building or site. and treatment settings should 2.5.15, Meeting Rooms,
• All support areas and be designed to be fully Assembly Areas and
amenities provided for both accessible to persons using Theatres)
the public and employees mobility aids. • For public display or
should be accessible • All clinic, diagnostic, exhibition areas (See Section
to persons using mobility treatment or support areas, 2.5.9, Display, Exhibition
aids, as well as persons with including offices, Areas, Galleries and
limited vision or hearing. consultation and treatment Museums)
• For public information areas cubicles, should be large • For recreation facilities,
and services (See Section enough to accommodate swimming pools and arenas
2.1.9, Waiting Areas, Section persons using wheelchairs/ (See Section 2.5.1, Arenas,
2.3.5, Information and scooters with no internal Section 2.5.10, Gymnasium,
Service Counters, Section aisle less than 1100 mm Section 2.5.11, Ice-Rinks,
2.4.5, Communication wide and doorway less than Section 2.5.15, Recreation
Systems and Section 2.4.10, 865 mm wide, between walls Facilities and Section 2.5.23,
Information Systems and or door stops. Swimming Pools)
Directories)
92 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS INDOOR AREAS
• For public amenities such • All offices, meeting rooms, 2.5.9 Display, Exhibition
as washrooms, showers, holding areas, changing Areas, Galleries and
changing, cloakrooms, and areas or other support Museums
public telephones, etc. (See facilities available to
Section 2.3.1, Coat Closets members of the legal • All displays or exhibits
and Coat Racks, Section fraternity, the police or whether in permanent or
2.3.10, Public Washrooms support staff should be temporary locations, should
and Changing Rooms) accessible to persons with be capable of being accessed,
varying disabilities. enjoyed and understood by
• For public libraries (See persons with varying
Section 2.5.13, Libraries) • Special holding/detention disabilities.
areas and visitor areas should
• For signage and way finding be designed to accommodate • Exhibition and display
(See Section 2.4.16, Signage persons using mobility aids, spaces should be fully
and Way-finding) including all access routes accessible to persons using
• For building systems, from prisoner arrival areas mobility aids. Aisle spaces
heating, lighting, ventilation through to the courtroom or between exhibits or study
and communications (See meeting and interview areas should be at least
Section 2.4.1, Acoustics, rooms. 1065 mm.
2.4.5, Communication • For general accessibility • Exhibits should be mounted
Systems, 2.4.7, Electrical requirements, for entrances, so that a person using a
Power and Section 2.4.9, hallways, stairs, etc. (See wheelchair can look at the
Heating, Cooling and Section 2.1.4, Entrances, exhibit easily from a seated
Ventilation Systems) Section 2.2.1, Aisles and position. Where exhibits are
Passageways, Section 2.2.2, displayed in horizontal or
Corridors and Hallways and inclined cases, they should
2.5.8 Courthouses, be mounted no higher than
Section 2.2.7, Stairs and
Detention Areas and Steps) 915 mm and wherever
Police Stations possible, include knee space
• For assembly or meeting below at 700 mm high to
• Public, administrative and areas (See Section 2.5.15,
holding areas of courthouses, allow a direct approach by a
Meeting Rooms, Assembly person using a mobility aid
police stations and related Areas and Theatres)
detention areas should be (e.g., to approach book
accessible to persons with • For accessible washrooms, displays or small object
varying disabilities, whether changing areas and locker displays).
as prisoners, members of rooms (See Section 2.3.10, • For persons with visual
the public, advocates, Public Washrooms and limitations, tactile exhibits
counselors, or as support Changing Rooms and should be available (e.g.,
staff. Section 2.3.6, Lockers and sculptural pieces), with
Baggage Storage) nearby information printed
• All court rooms and public
areas of courthouses should • For Signage and way finding in large print text, Braille, or
be fully accessible to persons (See Section 2.4.16, Signage provided on an audiotape.
using mobility aids. and Way-finding)
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 93
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
• Where audio-information is • For persons who have visual 2.5.12 Hospitals and
provided for persons who limitations, care should be Health Care Facilities
are hard of hearing, some taken to ensure that there
consideration of increased are no obstacles in the • All facilities providing health
volume on personal cassettes gymnasium area that might care services to the general
as well as compatibility with constitute a hazard (e.g., public or to private clients
hearing aids is desirable. unprotected floor slots for should be fully accessible to
Written text should also be equipment mounting, the persons with varying
available. underside of bleacher areas, disabilities.
signs, brackets, or equipment • All arrival and entrance areas
• Lighting in exhibit and dis- protruding from the walls).
play areas should be capable should be fully and
(See also Section 2.6.7, autonomously accessible to
of being enhanced in key Obstacles)
locations for specific exhibit persons using mobility aids
enjoyment by persons who and to persons with visual
have visual limitations. limitations. (See Section
2.5.11 Ice-Rinks 2.1.4, Entrances)
• Lighting at display cases • Ice-rinks, whether indoors as
should be designed to • All waiting, admission,
part of an arena, or outdoors diagnostic, consultation and
minimize reflected glare. as part of a park’s winter treatment areas should be
function, should be fully accessible to persons
accessible to and useable using mobility aids.
2.5.10 Gymnasium by persons with varying (See also Section 2.1.9,
• A gymnasium, whether disabilities. Waiting Areas and 2.3.5,
part of an educational or a • All public amenities and Information Systems and
recreational setting, should viewing areas should be Directories)
be accessible and useable by accessible to persons who
persons with varying • All essential support areas
have varying disabilities that are available to the
disabilities. including persons using public or clients should be
• The main floor or exercise mobility aids. accessible to persons with
areas of gymnasiums should • Many persons who have varying disabilities. (See
be fully accessible to persons visual limitations may wish Section 2.3.5, Information
using mobility aids, to attend hockey games, and Service Counters and
including all related listen to the plays, and Section 2.4.10, Information
changing areas, showers, enjoy the noise, smells, and Systems and Directories)
washrooms, and lockers. camaraderie of the game.
(See Section 2.3.10, Public • All client rooms for short or
Spaces should be provided long-term accommodation,
Washrooms and Changing where they can optimize this
Rooms and Section 2.3.6, including any attached
desire. washrooms, clothing storage
Lockers and Baggage
Storage) areas or lounges, should be
accessible to persons using
• Seating areas provided as mobility aids. (See also
bleachers or galleries Section 2.1.9, Waiting
overlooking the gymnasium Areas and 2.3.10, Public
floor should be accessible to Washrooms and Changing
persons using mobility aids. Rooms)
94 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
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C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 95
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
2.5.14 Long Term Care • For interior building • For communication systems
Facilities systems (See Section 2.4.1, (See Section 2.4.5,
Acoustics, Section 2.4.7, Communication Systems)
• Facilities (including Electrical Power, Section
Retirement Houses, Homes 2.4.9, Heating, Cooling and • For signage and way finding
for the Aged, Group Homes, Ventilation Systems and (See Section 2.4.16, Signage
Nursing Homes or Chronic Section 2.6.5, Maintenance) and Way-finding)
Care Facilities) providing • For exterior areas, parking,
residential or long-term care • For washrooms, showers,
and bathing areas (See entrances, walkways and
to seniors, or persons with gardens, patios, etc., (See
physical or mental disabilities, Section 2.3.10, Public
Washrooms and Part 1: Section 1.2.1,
should be designed to be Accessible Routes to
fully accessible to persons Changing Rooms)
Entrances, Section 1.1,
with varying disabilities. • For care and treatment areas Exterior Routes, Section
• While the primary (See Section 2.5.6, Clinics, 1.1.7, Paths, Sidewalks
motivation is to provide a Section 2.5.12, Hospitals and and Walkways, Section 1.2.1,
home-like environment for Health Care Facilities, Accessible Routes to
persons in long term care Section 2.5.14, Long Term Entrances, Section 1.2.5,
with enough activity and Care Facilities and Section Parking and Section 1.3.2,
support space for typical 2.5.18, Seniors Housing) Outdoor Eating and
programs and services, it is Entertainment Spaces:
• For resident activity and Balconies and Terraces)
also critical that needed recreation areas (See Section
accessibility components (See Part 2: Section 2.1.1,
2.5.10, Gymnasium, Section Canopies and Weather
that support reduced physical 2.5.11, Ice-Rinks, Section
‘ability’ or intellectual Protection, Section 2.1.2,
2.5.16, Recreation Facilities Doors and Doorways,
competence is integrated and Section 2.5.23,
as subtly as possible. Section 2.1.4, Entrances,
Swimming Pools) Section 2.1.7, Thresholds
• For entrances, primary • For resident dining areas and Section 2.2, Interior
circulation and public (See Section 2.3.2, Door and Routes)
amenities (See Section Cupboard Hardware, Section
2.3.5, Information and 2.5.3, Cafeterias, Restaurants,
Service Counters, Section Dining Areas and Bars and
2.3.10, Public Washrooms 2.5.19, Residential Kitchens)
and Changing Rooms,
Section 2.4.6, Controls • For interior design, furniture,
and Operating Mechanisms, finished, colour and texture
Section 2.4.16, Signage and (See Section 2.1.6, Mats and
Way-finding and Section Mat Sinkages, Section 2.3.4,
2.6.7, Obstacles) Equipment and Furniture,
Section 2.6.1, Texture and
• For fire and life safety Pattern, Section 2.6.2, Floor
(See Section 2.4.8, Fire Surfaces/Textures, Section
Emergency Systems and 2.6.3, Colour and Tone,
Signals, Section 2.4.14, Section 2.6.6, Materials and
Public Address Systems Finishes, Section 2.6.8,
and Section Pattern and Section 2.6.9,
2.6.4, Fire and Life Safety) Glare and Light Sources)
96 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
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2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS INDOOR AREAS
2.5.15 Meeting Rooms, 2.5.16 Recreation Facilities • For persons with visual
Assembly Areas and limitations in respect to
• Recreational facilities circulation routes, signage
Theaters providing programs or and obstacles, (See
• Meeting rooms and assembly services to the general Section 2.2, Interior Routes,
areas, whether used by the public and/or to special Section 2.4.16, Signage
public at large, by tenants or groups, and clubs etc. should and Way-Finding and
visitors to specific buildings, be fully accessible to persons Section 2.6.6, Materials
should all be designed with various disabilities. and Finishes).
to be accessible to persons • All areas and amenities
with varying disabilities, • For persons with hearing
should be accessible to limitations (See Section
including persons using persons using mobility aids.
mobility aids and persons 2.4.1, Acoustics, Section
(See Part 1: Section 1.1, 2.4.5, Communication
with sensory limitations. Exterior Routes and Part 2:
(See also Section 2.2.1, Systems and Section 2.5.15,
Section 2.1, Entrances) Meeting Rooms, Assembly
Aisles and Passageways and
Part 1: Section 1.3.7, Areas and Theatres).
Grandstands and Viewing
Areas)
• Accessible seating should be 850 mm
distributed and integrated MIN.
Figure 151
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 97
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
2.5.17 Schools and • For swimming pools (See • For exterior areas and
Continuing Education Section Part 1: Section 1.3.8, amenities (See Part 1,
Centres Outdoor Swimming Pools Section 1.2, Arrival and
and Wading Pools and Departure Areas and Section
• Educational facilities serve a Section 1.3.16, Waterfront 1.4, Outdoor Amenities).
variety of age groups from Areas) (See Part 2: Section
pre-kindergarten children to • For interior routes and
2.5.16, Recreation Facilities amenities (See Part 2,
seniors. All such facilities and Section 2.5.23,
should be able to meet the Section 2.2, Interior Routes
Swimming Pools) and Section 2.3, Interior
needs of persons of all ages
and with varying disabilities. • For Gymnasium (See Amenities).
Section 2.5.10, Gymnasium) • Within individual apartment
• For exterior areas, routes,
playing fields, and other • For building services and units, it is recommended that
amenities, (See Section systems (See Section 2.4.1, all hallways to bedroom and
2.5.1, Arenas, Section 2.5.10, Acoustics, Section 2.4.7, bathroom doorways be a
Gymnasium, Section 2.5.11, Electrical Power, Section minimum of 1065 mm
Ice-Rinks, Section 2.5.16, 2.4.9, Heating, Cooling and wide to provide sufficient
Recreation Facilities, Section Ventilation Systems and clearance for users with
2.5.23, Swimming Pools) Section 2.6.5, Maintenance) mobility aids (note: a
• For Signage (See Section minimum of 810 mm
• For interior circulation and between door stops is
amenities (See Section 2.1.4, 2.4.16, Signage and
Way-finding) recommended).
Entrances, Section 2.1.7,
Thresholds, Section 2.2,
Interior Routes, Section 2.5.18 Seniors Housing 2.5.19 Residential Kitchens
2.2.2, Corridors and • All kitchens, kitchenettes or
Hallways, Section 2.2.4, • Seniors housing projects
typically accommodate counter areas used for food
Elevators and Platform preparation should be made
Lifts and Section 2.2.5, persons from ages 55 to 95
and as many as 25% may accessible to persons using
Interior Ramps) mobility aids, with aisles
have some form of physical
• For classrooms and assembly disability. In many cases, between counters no less
areas, libraries, etc. (See younger persons with than 1065 mm wide. Where
Section 2.5.13, Libraries, disabilities are also part of possible, turning space for a
Section 2.5.15, Meeting the specific population of wheelchair/scooter should
Rooms, Assembly Areas and tenants and have traditionally also be available in dead end
Theatres and Section 2.5.17, been assigned "accessible" areas. A turning space of
Schools and Continuing units. However, to 1500 mm in diameter should
Education Centres) accommodate the needs be provided with clear knee
of all seniors who continue space below counters.
• For cafeterias (See Section
to age and may accrue Suitable turning space and
2.5.3, Cafeterias,
functional disabilities knee space below counters
Restaurants, Dining
(particularly in those age allows free movement and
Areas and Bars)
groups over 75), it is approach by persons using
wise to design the whole wheelchairs/scooters.
facility to be "universally (For variations in layout, see
accessible", i.e, useable Figures 152 and 153).
by anyone with physical,
sensory, or cognitive
limitations.
98 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS INDOOR AREAS
• In accessible kitchens and and convection ovens are • Generally, many persons
kitchenettes, all cupboards, preferred by many persons with disabilities prefer "open
cabinets and pantries should with disabilities. concept" kitchens – a design
be designed to be accessible that provides easier access,
to persons using mobility • Additional lighting should improved lighting
aids, with upper shelves no be provided over the sink, conditions and overall
higher than 1370 mm from cooking and work surfaces to greater manoeuvrability,
the floor for easy reach by ensure safe use of facilities especially for persons
persons using mobility aids. by persons with low vision using mobility devices.
(See Section 2.3.2, Door and or limited dexterity.
Cupboard Hardware) • For persons using mobility
• Kitchen stoves ideally should aids, consider the use of
have front or side controls to side-by-side
minimize burns. Burns may refrigerator/freezer units
occur from reaching over hot to facilitate easier access.
items or open burners.
Automatic off-switches
should be provided
where possible, to control
unattended/unused burners.
• Duplex receptacles (e.g.,
power outlets), where
mounted above counter
height, should generally be 1500 mm
no higher than 1065 mm
from floor level. Duplex
receptacles should be located
so that loose electrical cords
do not cause a potential
tripping hazard, especially
for persons with visual Figure 152
limitations.
• Clear counter space, a
minimum of 300 mm wide
should be provided on both
sides of stoves for safe
operation.
• Where microwave ovens are
installed, they should be 1500 mm 1500 mm
located at counter height
with a clear level area of
counter in front, allowing
easy transfer of food items.
In general, larger microwave
Figure 153
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 99
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
2.5.20 Residential • Controls for bathtubs should • Faucets and controls should
Bathrooms ensure that the hot water be of the "single-lever
temperature in the action" handle type so that
• Bathrooms, washrooms or showerhead or faucet they are easy to use by
shower areas should be large does not exceed 49º C to persons with limited
enough to accommodate minimize accidental strength or grasp.
persons using mobility aids scalding. For faucets and
or a commode chair. mirrors etc., (See Section
Consideration should be 2.3.14, Washroom
given to providing space for Accessories)
a wheelchair accessible
shower, in lieu of a standard
bathtub. Where a bathtub is
provided, a transfer seat, 2440 mm
standing area.
Figure 154
• The preferred side grab bar
is the reversed “L” shaped
type.
• Lighting levels in bathrooms
should be evenly distributed
and no less than 100 lux
(10 ft. candles).
100 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS INDOOR AREAS
2.5.21 Residential Bedrooms • All interior routes should be • For interior lighting (See
accessible to persons using Section 2.4.11, Artificial
• Ensure that enough mobility aids. (See Section Lighting and Section 2.4.12,
circulation space is 2.2, Interior Routes) Natural Lighting) and for
available for persons using Public Telephones
wheelchairs or scooters in • For information and (See Part 1: Section 1.4.6,
the master bedroom, at communications services Public Telephones)
doorways, at closets and (See Section 2.3.5,
beside the bed, to allow Information and Service • For fire and life safety
easy access and transfer. counters, Section 2.4.5, strategies, alarms, etc.
(See Figure 155) Communication Systems (See Section 2.4.8, Fire
and Section 2.4.10, Emergency Systems and
• For hardware on doors, Information Systems Signals, Section 2.4.14,
closets, and cabinetwork, and Directories) Public Address Systems
and windows. (See section and 2.6.4, Fire and Life
2.1.3, Door Hardware, Locks • For restaurants, cafes and Safety)
and Closers and Figures bars (See Section 2.5.3,
87 and 88) Cafeterias, Restaurants,
Dining Areas and Bars)
1525 mm
Figure 155
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 101
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
• For interior design, • For Building Systems • It should be noted that
materials, finishes, colour, generally (See Section 2.4.7, where pools are to be used
and texture (See Section Electrical Power, Section for special programming,
2.1.6, Mats and Mat 2.4.9, Heating, Cooling and (e.g., seniors swimming
Sinkages, Section 2.3.4, Ventilation Systems and programs, mothers and
Equipment and Furniture, Section 2.6.5, Maintenance) babies / learn-to-swim
Section 2.6.1, Texture and programs, etc.), the ambient
Pattern, Section 2.6.2, Floor • For Public Swimming temperature of the water
Surfaces/Textures, Section Pools a Unisex Change should be able to be
2.6.3, Colour and Tone, room/Washroom should be increased by at least 6º C
Section 2.6.6, Materials and considered so that assistance e.g. to 27°C, to improve
Finishes, Section 2.6.8, can be provided when comfort levels for less
Pattern and Section 2.6.9, needed, for persons of active users.
Glare and Light Sources) the opposite sex.
(See Figure 156)
• For general maintenance of
interior areas (See Section
2.4.7, Electrical Power, 460 mm MIN.
480 mm MAX.
2.4.9, Heating, Cooling and
Ventilation Systems and
Section 2.6.5, Maintenance)
DROP
DOWN
SEAT
900 mm
GULLEY
2.5.23 Swimming Pools
• Indoor swimming pools and
SIDE GRAB BAR
related amenities, whether 865 mm
(REVERSED "L" SHAPED PREFERRED)
DOOR
as part of a recreational 1880 mm RECOMMENDED
complex, community centre, 1700 mm MIN.
102 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS INDOOR AREAS
• Ambient air temperature in 2.5.24 Theatres and • For fire and life-safety
pools should generally be no Media Display Areas (See Section 2.4.8, Fire
lower than 25º C and no Emergency Systems and
higher than 32º C. • All theatre or assembly areas Signals, Section 2.4.14,
providing live performances, Public Address Systems
• Lighting over pool and deck films, music or educational and 2.6.4, Fire and Life
areas, as well as in showers programming should be Safety)
and changing areas, should designed to be accessible to
be a minimum of 200 lux and useable by a wide range • Where multi-media or
(20 ft. candles), at deck of persons, including those inter-active media
or floor surface. Fixtures with varying disabilities, in a presentations are to be
over pool areas should be variety of seating locations, provided, every attempt
selected and positioned to and price ranges. should be made to ensure
minimize reflected glare off that persons using mobility
the pool surface. Fixtures • For general access, devices have access to
should also be positioned for amenities, and support needed controls (See Section
easy re-lamping. (See also areas (See Section 2.1.4, 2.4.6) and that persons with
Section 2.6.5, Maintenance) Entrances, Section 2.1.7, sensory limitations can
Thresholds, Section 2.2, receive the transmitted
• Natural daylight in pool Interior Routes) information through alternate
areas should be controllable modes (e.g., by both vision
to minimize glare off the • For seating accommodation,
equipment, and furniture and hearing, as well as
pool surface, especially from through large text or Braille
south and west sunlight. (See Section 2.3.4,
Equipment and Furniture, material).
• Acoustic quality in the pool Part 1: Section 1.3, Special • For fixed theatre seating,
area should minimize echoes Areas and Features) a variety of seat sizes
and unnecessary noise, as a and designs should be
benefit to persons who are • For general building
systems, heating, lighting, considered, (e.g., wider seats
vision or hearing impaired. and seats with flip up arms at
ventilation, controls, etc.,
• Signage in pools should be (See Section 2.4.1, the end of aisles to assist
suitable for persons with low Acoustics, Section 2.4.5, persons transferring from
vision. Communication Systems, their wheelchair or scooter).
• Exterior patios and Section 2.4.7, Electrical
landscaped areas adjacent to Power, Section 2.4.9,
indoor pool areas should be Heating, Cooling and
accessible to wheelchair Ventilation Systems and
users. (See Part 1: Section Section 2.6.5, Maintenance)
1.3.2, Outdoor Eating and • For acoustics,
Entertainment Spaces: communications systems,
Balconies and Terraces) and listening devices
(See Section 2.4.1,
Acoustics, Section 2.4.5,
Communication Systems
and Section 2.4.13,
Listening Devices)
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 103
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS
2.5.25 Transit Settings • For passenger queuing areas, • For Signage and way finding
passenger ticketing, and (See Section 2.4.16, Signage
• Transit terminals, serving information, etc. (See and Way-finding)
one or more modes of transit Section 2.3.5, Information
(e.g., buses and trains), and Service Counters, • For public telephones
should have all levels, Section 2.4.10, Information (See Part 1: Section 1.4.6,
facilities and amenities Systems and Directories and Public Telephones)
accessible to persons using Section 2.4.16, Ticketing • Where train platforms or
mobility aids and others Machines) other boarding platforms are
with varying disabilities.
• For waiting areas, seating provided, they should allow
• For general accessibility and luggage holding areas safe access for persons using
criteria for all exterior areas (See Section 2.3.6, Lockers mobility aids and where
and amenities (See Part 1: and Baggage Storage) possible, provide level
Section 1.2.2, Bus/Public access to the train or bus
Transit Shelters • For boarding areas generally floor surface.
and Section 1.2.3, (See Section 1.2, Arrival and
Departure Areas) • For persons who have visual
Bus Stops)
limitations, a tactile warning
• For interior routes and public • For public washrooms surface at least 610 mm deep
amenities generally (See (See Section 2.3.10, Public should be provided at the
Section 2.2, Interior Routes, Washrooms and Changing edge of the platform.
Section 2.3, Interior Rooms) (See Part 1: Section 1.2.2,
Amenities and Part 1: Bus/Public Transit Shelters
• For food service areas, and Section 1.2.3, Bus Stops,
Section 1.4, Outdoor
vending machines, etc., also See Figure 157)
Amenities)
(See Section 2.3.13,
• For ticketing, information, Vending Machines)
or sales counter areas (See
• For communications and
Section 2.3.5, Information
information systems (See
and Service Counters,
Section 2.4.2, Audible
Section 2.4.10, Information
Signals, Section 2.4.5,
Systems and Directories and
Communication Systems and
Section 2.4.17, Ticketing
Section 2.4.10, Information
Machines)
Systems and Directories)
104 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.5 SPECIAL FACILITIES AND AREAS INDOOR AREAS
Figure 157
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 105
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.6 OTHER
POLICY: (SAFETY) of light to determine where • Suitable warning textures for
they are and whether hazards interior use include: raised
In public buildings and are present. domes, dots or squares (e.g.,
particular residential and as found in some vinyl floor
institutional environments coverings); deeply grooved
designed for seniors or others concrete, terrazzo or other
2.6.2 Floor
with disabilities, the safety of stone like materials (e.g.,
Surfaces/Textures
residents is of particular with closely centred grooves,
concern. Therefore, everything • Interior and exterior at right angles to the path of
that can be done to eliminate floor/paving surfaces travel); and applied non-slip
or minimize obstacles or should be of a non-slip strips (e.g., carborundum
hazards to normal safe access and low-glare material. strips).
and use must be considered, as
well when a specific emergency • All level changes, whether at • Modern textures can also be
may arise. stairs, steps, escalators or used on wall surfaces as part
ramps should be marked by of the overall way-finding
2.6.1 Texture and Pattern both distinct colours/tones strategy.
• People with low vision or and textural changes at the
walking surface. Changes in • Supplementary textural cues
who are legally blind, are
texture should occur, at least can also be provided (e.g., by
frequently dependent upon
915 mm, or one pace, before using different floor textures
tactile and visual cues in the
the actual level change. or materials in major and
environment, both to find
(See also Figure 21). Note: minor interior routes) as
their way in complex
Bright (‘industrial’) yellow an aid to persons who are
settings, but also to be
or other saturated colours blind or who have visual
forewarned about potential
from the warm end of the limitations.
hazards. Way-finding
strategies (e.g., signage spectrum are most visible to
systems) should utilize persons with low vision.
at least 70% (or greater)
contrast. Note: One CARPET VARIATION
exception is the use of bright
NOTE: ONLY LEVEL LOOP, DENSE CARPET WITHOUT
yellow, which is acceptable UNDERLAY IS SUITABLE FOR WHEELCHAIR USERS
at 40% contrast.
CUT LOOP CUT-LOOP
• Persons who are blind and
use a cane or a dog to assist
them are particularly
dependent on texture at the
walking surface, the acoustic
quality of the space, and the
PLUSH LEVEL LEVEL TIP SHEAR
availability of Braille or
other tactile information etc.
to alert them. However,
persons with visual
limitations are more
dependent on contrast FRIEZE MULTI-LEVEL RANDOM SHEAR
Figure 158
106 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.6 OTHER INDOOR AREAS
SPRINKLER
2.6.3 Colour and Tone
• For signage, the use of bright
colour or highly contrasting
tones is an essential part of a
suitable way-finding strategy
for persons with low vision, FIRE CONTAINED
TO ROOM
minimum 70% contrast
(except where ‘industrial
yellow is used) in which case
40% contrast. Colour can be
used as a background for
signage, located on walls at
eye level. This band of
FIRE RATED
colour is easier to follow DOORS
than monolithic wall colours
and can be used as a constant A PROPERLY DESIGNATED FIRE COMPARTMENTATION OR
FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM WILL CONFINE THE FIRE
location for all essential
signs. Figure 159
Figure 160
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 107
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.6 OTHER
• In buildings where persons
with disabilities are REFUGE AREAS WITHIN FLOOR AREA
employed or are frequent
visitors, a fire and life safety INOPERABLE ELEVATORS
Figure 163
108 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.6 OTHER INDOOR AREAS
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 109
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.6 OTHER
2.6.6 Materials and Finishes 2.6.7 Obstacles obstacles in their normal
path of travel throughout a
• The selection of flooring • For persons who are blind, building can constitute a
materials can be critical to have low vision or use a major hazard. (See Section
the safe and easy movement mobility aid, unexpected 2.6.5, Maintenance)
of persons using mobility
aids, amputees as well as
persons with low vision.
• Carpet floor finishes in paths
of travel should be suitable
for persons using mobility
aids (e.g., low level loop
construction, preferably
10 or 12 gauge, with
use of non-static fibres).
Carpet should be firmly
glued down to the sub-floor.
• Where hard, monolithic
materials are selected for 685 mm
floor finishes, they should
be non-slip and non-glare.
(See also Section 2.6.2,
Floor Surfaces/Textures and
Section 2.6.9, Glare and Figure 164
Light Sources)
• Where floor tiles, bricks or
pavers are used internally,
joints should be no wider
than 6mm and placed level
to prevent potential tripping
hazards, especially for
persons with visual
limitations.
• Ceramic tile used in
washrooms, changing areas
or on pool decks should
have non-slip and non-glare
finishes.
• Wall surfaces in corridors,
adjacent to stairs, ramps or
any part of the normal path
of travel should be of
non-abrasive finish. 700 mm VARIES
(See Section 2.6.3, 150 mm
Colour and Tone) (TYPICAL)
110 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
PART 2:
2.6 OTHER INDOOR AREAS
• Ensure that all items of substantial, securely • Ensure that all essential
furniture, equipment and mounted, continue to floor and occasional furniture,
displays are stable and will level and are cane detectable. equipment, planters, drinking
not move or tip over when (See Figure 168) fountains, counters and
touched by someone vending machines do not
requiring support. • Ensure that all loose wires, intrude into normal paths of
rugs or any potential tripping travel. (See Part 1: Section
• Ensure that all temporary hazards at the floor level are 1.4, Outdoor Amenities)
or permanent waste and removed or made secure.
recycling containers are
located in constant locations
to one side of the path
of travel.
• Ensure that all items of
equipment (e.g., telephones,
computers, video display
terminals, printers and fax
machines) are located to one
side of the normal path of
travel and are cane
detectable. (See Figures
164, 165 and 166)
• Ensure that all signage,
signage supports, or other
information strategies do not
intrude into normal walking
areas. (See Figure 167)
1100 mm
• Ensure that all permanent
or temporary barriers that Figure 167
control people’s movement
(e.g., queuing lanes) are
firmly mounted to the floor,
and are stable for seniors or
other persons who might
need them for support.
• Ensure that all maintenance
or repair equipment (e.g.,
ladders and carts) is located
away from normal paths of
travel.
685 mm 685 mm
• Ensure that all temporary MAX. MAX.
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S 111
PART 2:
INDOOR AREAS 2.6 OTHER
• Ensure that all permanent • Direct or reflected glare off • Light fixtures should be
or temporary barriers that of floor, wall or worktop selected so that no direct
control people’s movement surfaces is a major problem glare is created (e.g., with
(e.g., queuing lanes) are for persons with visual diffusers, lenses, or recessed
firmly mounted to the floor disabilities. Therefore, every light sources). (See Section
and are stable for seniors or attempt should be made 2.4.11, Artificial Light and
other persons who might to select light sources, Section 2.4.12, Natural
need them for support. materials, and finishes that Light)
do not add to the problem.
Natural daylight should be • Where surface mounted
controlled (e.g., on west and fluorescent ceiling lights
2.6.8 Pattern are used (e.g., in corridors),
south west exposures).
• Caution is recommended in it is generally recommended
the selection of heavy or • Monolithic floor surfaces that they have darkened sides
distinct patterns on walls or such as stone, granite, (e.g., no wrap-around lenses
floors since these can add marble or terrazzo should be should be used) and that they
visual confusion to settings selected in a matte or honed are positioned at right angles
for persons with low finish to minimize reflected to the path of travel.
vision or for persons with glare. (See Section 2.6.2, Alternatively, they can be
psychiatric disorders, if Floor Surfaces/Textures and used in coves or valance type
over-used. Simple, repetitive Section 2.6.9, Glare and lighting at the sides of the
and non-directional patterns Light Sources) corridor. This ensures that
with low contrast are the light source is not visible
• Floor finishes such as vinyl, from normal walking paths.
preferred (e.g., for carpeting, quarry and glazed tile,
floor tiles, wall papers etc.) mosaics or other composition • Supplementary lighting
in order to produce the least materials should also be in sources can be used to
amount of visual confusion. matte or satin finishes. High enhance special features at
gloss finishes should be key locations (e.g., with
avoided at all times. upward and downward light
2.6.9 Glare and
components only).
Light Sources • Wall finishes such as paint,
vinyl wall coverings, stone, • High intensity light sources
• (See Section 2.4.11, marble, wood, plastic such as quartz, halogen or
Artificial Lighting, Section laminate etc., should be in other pin-point sources (e.g.,
2.4.12, Natural Lighting and matte or satin finishes only. chandeliers) should be used
Section 2.6.9, Glare and with extreme caution. Such
Light Sources) • Where direct sunlight may lighting sources are generally
cause glare, curtains, blinds not recommended in
or sunscreens should be circulation routes, dining or
used to shield natural light assembly areas because they
sources. are problematic for persons
with low vision and produce
reflected points of glare on
shiny surfaces.
112 C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
APPENDICES
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
APPENDIX A: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The City of Toronto would like to thank the following individuals for their advice, input and participation
throughout the consultation process.
C I T Y O F T O R O N T O A C C E S S I B I L I T Y D E S I G N G U I D E L I N E S
APPENDIX A: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
City of Toronto Staff (continued)
Ruthanne Henry, Policy & Development, Ceta Ramkhalawansingh, Strategic & Corporate
Economic Development Culture & Tourism Policy, Chief Administrator’s Office
Kim Jeffreys, Human Resources, Karen Raybould, Human Resources,
Corporate Services Corporate Services
Linda Kelland, Facilities and Real Estate, Tim Rees, Strategic and Corporate Policy,
Corporate Services Chief Administrator’s Office
Sgt. Brian Keown*, Toronto Police Service Robert Stephens, City Planning,
Wendy Kwong, Public Health, Urban Development Services
Community & Neighbourhood Services Diane Stevenson, Policy & Development,
Bernita Lee, Strategic & Corporate Policy, Economic Development Culture & Tourism
Chief Administrator’s Office Harvey Tham, Financial Planning, Finance
Linda E. Lee, Transportation Services, Nicolas Zala, Facilities and Real Estate,
Works and Emergency Services Corporate Services
Catherine Leitch, Strategic and Corporate Policy, Sandra Zavaglia, Solid Waste Management,
Chief Administrator’s Office Works and Emergency Services
Franco Lora, Culture,
Economic Development Culture & Tourism
Joanne Lynch, Building,
Urban Development Services
Cheryl MacDonald, Social Development &
Administration, Community & Neighbourhood
Services
Julie Mathien, Social Development &
Administration, Community &
Neighbourhood Services
Daniel McLaughlin, Policy & Development,
Economic Development, Culture & Tourism
Paul Meleta, Building, Urban Development Services
Gerry Mitchell, Technical Services,
Works and Emergency Services
Tony Pagnanelli, Technical Services,
Works & Emergency Services
Ross Paterson*, Policy & Research,
Urban Development Services
In Memoriam
Sgt. Brian Keown
Members of the Advisory Committee are especially thankful for Brian’s valuable contribution.
*Brian and Ross sadly passed away before these guidelines were completed.
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APPENDIX A: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The City of Toronto would like to thank all participants who contributed their time by providing input into
the preparation of these new Accessibility Design Guidelines.
All participants involved were committed to creating a practical planning and design resource that will
ensure greater freedom of access and use to all buildings and sites in the City of Toronto.
Drawing Credits
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APPENDIX B: DEFINITIONS
The following definitions were adapted from "Planning A Barrier Free City of Toronto: A Statement of
Planning Principles" (revised edition, July 2001), prepared by the former Toronto Joint Citizen’s Committee
for People with Disabilities and endorsed by City Council1.
1. Physical Disabilities:
Involve restricted mobility (e.g., limited ability to walk, move about, stand for long periods, or to carry
objects) or restricted agility (e.g., limited ability to bend, dress, feed oneself, or to manipulate objects).
2. Auditory Disabilities:
Involve having partial or no hearing. For some individuals, the loudness of the sound will determine
whether it is heard, for others, it depends on the type of sound (e.g., consonants versus vowels, or the
intonation. In other situations, individuals may also become confused by certain sounds due to excessive
background noises.
3. Visual Disabilities:
Involve complete blindness, limited or residual sight. It may involve a loss of visual clarity/acuity or a
decrease in the size of the visual field.
5. Psychological Disabilities:
Psychological impairments may be hidden or apparent. In many cases, they have little or no effect on
learning. They may appear in actions of indifference or other types of mood swings. However, the stigma
that everyone with an emotional impairment will be ‘disruptive’ in social settings is a fallacy. The causes of
psychological disabilities are wide ranging but common forms are evident in individuals experiencing
depression, anxiety or stress.
6. Situational Disabilities:
Persons who are at a disadvantage because of age, size, language or culture in specific settings are examples
of persons who are situationally disabled.
Care is required in assessing existing environments or designing new settings to ensure that consideration
of all of these variables has been undertaken.
7. Universal Design:
Universal Design is the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest
extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. The intent of the universal design
concept is to simplify life for everyone by making products, communications, and the built environment
more usable by more people, while emphasizing dignity and independence by providing those features that
will allow people to function in their day-to-day setting without assistance, at little or no extra cost. The
Universal Design concept targets all people of all ages, sizes, and abilities.
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APPENDIX C: LEGISLATIVE OVERVIEW
1. Ontario Building Code
The Ontario Building Code (OBC 1997) is the formal mandatory legislation governing the construction of
all new buildings in Ontario. At the municipal level, the OBC requirements are administered and enforced
by the Building Division of the Urban Development Services Department. The OBC is currently under
review, (including Section 3.8 of the code which details barrier free design) and address accessibility under
a variety of headings, such as parking, entrances, public routes, ramps, stairs,
elevators, washrooms and other features.
2. Ontarians with Disabilities Act 2001
On December 14th 2001, The Ontarians with Disabilities Act 2001 (ODA) was passed to "improve access
and opportunities for people with disabilities". The ODA is designed so that municipal staff, government
ministries and agencies, transportation providers, the private sector and people with disabilities can work
together in making Ontario a more accessible province. Formal regulations under the ODA were not
finalized at the time of publication of these guidelines, however all municipalities are expected to develop
formal action plans outlining strategies to identify, remove and prevent barriers to persons with disabilities.
These new Accessibility Guidelines are an important part of the City of Toronto’s response to that challenge.
3. Ontario Human Rights Code
Under the Ontario Human Rights Code, people with disabilities have the right to be free from
discrimination in employment, services, goods, facilities and housing. The code promotes the full
participation of persons with disabilities in society, participation in daily living activities that is often
hindered or prevented by barriers occurring during the planning, design and development process.
The policy statements and accessibility provisions found in these guidelines brings the intentions of the
Human Rights Code into practice by encouraging inclusive design approaches to all development projects
across the City of Toronto.
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APPENDIX D: BIBLIOGRAPHY
Associated Planning Consultants Inc., Joint Municipal Guidelines for Accessibility for the
Corporation of the Town of Markham, Town of Richmond Hill / City of Vaughan. Toronto, APC Inc., 1998.
Boundless Playgrounds Publication, High Expectations Playgrounds for Children of All Abilities.
www.boundlessplaygrounds.org
Bowland, Adelyn; Nakatsu, Constance; O’Reilly, James, Annotated Human Rights Code 1993.
Thomson Canada Ltd, 1992.
Canadian Parks and Recreation Association – Definition of Children’s Play
www.cpra.ca
Carstens, Diane Y., Site Planning & Design for the Elderly: Issues, Guidelines, and Alternatives.
New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985.
City of Toronto, Bill 125: The Ontarians with Disabilities Act. A Submission to the Legislative Assembly of
Ontario Standing Committee on Financial and Economic Affairs. Community Advisory Committee on
Disability Issues, 2001.
City of Toronto, Ontarians with Disabilities Act (ODA) – Submission of a City of Toronto Accessibility
Plan. Policy and Finance Committee, Report No. 9, Clause 2, September 22, 23, 24 and 25, 2003.
City of Toronto, Toronto Official Plan: Chapter 3, Building Successful Neighborhoods – The Public Realm.
Urban Development Services, May 2002 (Draft).
CSA International, CAN/CSA-B651-95 Barrier Free Design. CSA International, 1996.
CSA International, CAN/CSA-B651-M90 Barrier Free Design. CSA International, 1990.
Designable Environments Inc., City of London Facility Accessibility Design Standards.
Designable Environments Inc., 2001.
Federal Register, ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities, 1991, Vol. 56, No. 144.
U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991.
Guide de Référence en Accessibilité pour les équipements de Loisir,
www.altergo.net/documents/Guide_ref_acc_equip_loisirs.pdf
Holten, Shane, Planning A Barrier Free City of Toronto: A Statement of Planning Principles.
Report prepared for the Toronto Joint Citizen’s Committee For People With Disabilities, 2001 (Revised).
Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, Illustrated Guide to the Ontario Building Code 1997.
Ontario, Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, 1997.
Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, Ontario Building Code – Part 3.8. Ontario,
Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, 1997.
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APPENDIX D: BIBLIOGRAPHY
North York Interior Barrier-Free Access Working Group, Interior Barrier-Free Accessibility: Design
Guideline-Policy Handbook. City of North York, 1996-1997.
Ontario Parks Association. Playability Tool Kit; Building Accessible Playspaces, 2001.
www.opassoc.on.ca/toolkit.asp
PLAE Inc., A Design Guide: Universal Access to Outdoor Recreation. California, PLAE Inc., 1992.
Province of Ontario Legislative Assembly, Bill 125: Ontarians With Disabilities Act. Legislative Assembly
of Ontario, December 14th 2001 (Date of Royal Assent).
Sorenson, Robert J., Design for Accessibility. U.S.A., McGraw-Hill Inc., 1979.
The Access Board, A Guide to the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines for Play Areas
www.access-board.gov/play/guide/intro.htm
Thomson, Neil, Editor, Sports & Recreation Provision for Disabled People.
London, The Architectural Press Ltd., 1984.
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CITY OF TORONTO
Mayor David Miller, Councillor John Filion, Councillor Denzil
Office of the Mayor Ward 23 Willowdale Minnan-Wong,
Ward 34 Don Valley East
Councillor Gerry Altobello, Councillor Paula Fletcher,
Ward 35 Scarborough Southwest Ward 30 Toronto-Danforth Councillor Howard Moscoe,
Ward 15 Eglinton-Lawrence
Councillor Brian Ashton, Councillor Rob Ford,
Ward 36 Scarborough Southwest Ward 2 Etobicoke North Councillor Frances Nunziata,
Ward 11 York South-Weston
Councillor Maria Augimeri, Councillor Adam Giambrone,
Ward 9 York Centre Ward 18 Davenport Councillor Case Ootes,
Ward 29 Toronto-Danforth
Councillor Bas Balkissoon, Councillor Mark Grimes,
Ward 41 Scarborough-Rouge Ward 6 Etobicoke-Lakeshore Councillor Cesar Palacio,
River Ward 17 Davenport
Councillor Suzan Hall,
Councillor Sandra Bussin, Ward 1 Etobicoke North Councillor Joe Pantalone,
Ward 32 Beaches-East York Ward 19 Trinity-Spadina
(South) Councillor Doug Holyday,
Ward 3 Etobicoke Centre Councillor Jane Pitfield,
Councillor Shelley Carroll, Ward 26 Don Valley West
Ward 33 Don Valley East Councillor Clifford Jenkins,
Ward 25 Don Valley West Councillor Kyle Rae,
Councillor Raymond Cho, Ward 27 Toronto
Ward 42 Scarborough-Rouge Councillor Norm Kelly, Centre-Rosedale
River Ward 40 Scarborough-Agincourt
Councillor Bill Saundercook,
Councillor Olivia Chow, Councillor Peter Li Preti, Ward 13 Parkdale-High Park
Ward 20 Trinity-Spadina Ward 8 York West
Councillor David Shiner,
Councillor Gay Cowbourne, Councillor Gloria Lindsay Luby, Ward 24 Willowdale
Ward 44 Scarborough East Ward 4 Etobicoke Centre
Councillor David Soknacki,
Councillor Janet Davis, Councillor Giorgio Mammoliti, Ward 43 Scarborough East
Ward 31 Beaches-East York Ward 7 York West
Councillor Karen Stintz,
Councillor Glenn De Councillor Pam McConnell, Ward 16 Eglinton-Lawrence
Baeremaeker, Ward 28 Toronto Centre-
Ward 38 Scarborough Centre Rosedale Councillor Michael Thompson,
Ward 37 Scarborough Centre
Councillor Michael Del Grande, Councillor Joe Mihevc,
Ward 39 Scarborough-Agincourt Ward 21 St. Paul’s West Councillor Michael Walker,
Ward 22 St. Paul’s
Councillor Frank Di Giorgio, Councillor Peter Milczyn,
Ward 12 York South-Weston Ward 5 Etobicoke-Lakeshore Councillor Sylvia Watson,
Ward 14 Parkdale-High Park
Councillor Mike Feldman,
Ward 10 York Centre
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