CHAPTER 16

ADVANCED PLACEMENT ART HISTORY

GOTHIC ART OF THE TWELFTH AND

THIRTEENTH CENTURIES

LECTURE SLIDES
READING ASSIGNMENT 41:

491-505
Europe in the Gothic Era
Scenes from Genesis,
Good Samaritan Window,
Chartres, France,
1200-1210
Scenes from Genesis, Good Samaritan Window, Chartres,
France, 1200-1210
Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres, 1134-1260
Ambulatory and Apse Chapels,
Saint-Denis, France, 1140-1144

Saint-Denis is considered the

first Gothic cathedral in Europe

what makes this so?

Ambulatory and Apse Chapels,
Saint-Denis, France, 1140-1144

Saint-Denis is considered the

first Gothic cathedral in Europe

what makes this so?

-pointed arches

-colored-glass

-open floor plan

-emphasis on height
Plan of the Choir, Saint-Denis, France, 1140-1144
Saint-Denis, France, 1140-1144

“the whole church would shine with the wonderful and

uninterrupted light of most luminous windows, pervading
the interior beauty” -Abbot Suger
Saint-Denis, France, as it appears today…
1140-1144
Saint-Denis the martyr
Saint-Denis the martyr

Denis was beheaded on a hill

near Paris. The martyrdom
of Denis gave the name of
Montmartre, “the mountain
of the martyr”. According to
legend, after his head was
chopped off, St. Denis picked
it up and walked several
miles, all the time preaching
a sermon. The site where he
stopped preaching and died
was made into a small shrine
that developed into the
Saint-Denis Basilica, which
became the burial place for
the kings of France.
The Martyrdom of Saint Denis, Joseph Florentin Léon Bonnat,
Pantheon, Rome, 1833-1922
Elements of Architecture: Rib Vaulting
The Flight into Egypt,
Saint-Denis,
France, 1140-1144
The Flight into Egypt, Saint-Denis, France, 1140-1144

“…being nobly bright, the work should lighten the minds, so

that they may travel, thought the true lights, to the True
Light where Christ is the true door” -Abbot Suger
Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Paris, 1163-1270
Cathedral of
Notre-Dame,
Paris,
1163-1270
Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Paris, 1163-1270
Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Paris, 1163-1270
Gargoyle at Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Paris, 1163-1270
Griffins at Cathedral of
Notre-Dame, Paris, 1163-1270
Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Paris, 1163-1270
Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Paris, 1163-1270
Columns with Papyriform
and Bud Capitals,
Great Temple of Amun
at Karnak, New Kingdom,
1,579-1,075 BCE

Remember how a ceiling

used to be supported in
places of worship?
how times have changed!
Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Paris, 1163-1270

rose window and lancets

Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Paris, 1163-1270
Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Chartres, 1134-1260
Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Chartres, 1134-1260
Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Chartres, 1134-1260
Royal Portal, west façade, Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres,
1134-1260
Royal Portal, Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres, 1134-1260
Left portal: Christ ascends heavenward, supported by angels
Royal Portal, Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres, 1134-1260
Center portal: Christ in Majesty with four evangelists
Royal Portal, Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres, 1134-1260
Right portal: Mary and the early life of Jesus (Annunciation/Presentation)
Royal Portal, Cathedral of
Notre-Dame, Chartres,
1134-1260
Royal Portal, Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres, 1134-1260
Royal Portal, Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres, 1134-1260
Trumeau,
Priory Church of Saint-Pierre,
Moissac, France, 1115

this image from the

Romanesque Period shows a
previous version of portal
sculpture

how are the figures presented

differently here than on the
portal at Chartres?
Schematic drawing
of Cathedral of
Notre-Dame,
Chartres,
1134-1260
Masons at Work,
Picture Bible,
Paris, 1240
Masons at Work, Picture Bible, Paris, 1240
Plan of Cathedral of
Notre-Dame, Chartres,
1134-1260

the choir and apse occupy

1/3 of the entire floor plan
Good Samaritan Window,
Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Chartres, 1134-1260
Good Samaritan Window, Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Chartres, 1134-1260
Cross section diagram of
Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Chartres, 1134-1260
Tree of Jesse Window,
Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Chartres, 1134-1260
Jesus

Virgin Mary

(including King David)

Jesse
Tree of Jesse Window, Chartres, 1134-1260

Tree of Jesse, a popular medieval motif showing family

tree of the royal ancestry of Christ. It is based on the
prophecy of Isaiah: "there shall come forth a rod out of
the stem of Jesse, and a branch shall grow out of his
roots" (Isaiah 11:1).
Rose window and lancets,
Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Chartres, 1134-1260
Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Chartres, 1134-1260

grisaille:

gray areas of
stained glass
windows
READING ASSIGNMENT 42:

505-517
Plan of Cathedral of
Notre-Dame,
Reims, France,
1220
Chartres Reims
Differences? Which factor accounted for the differences?
Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Reims, France, 1220
Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Reims, France, 1220
Mary crowned as Queen of Heaven; cult of the Virgin grows
Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Reims, France, 1220
Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Reims, France, 1220

double rose
window design

a smaller rose
window
occupies the
tympanum
Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Reims, France, 1220
Annunciation and Visitation, central portal, Reims, 1220
Annunciation, central portal, Reims, 1220
Visitation, central portal, Reims, 1220
 The following images were taken at

THE NATIONAL CATHEDRAL

(The Episcopalian Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul)

Washington, D.C.

Built in 1907, this is not a true Gothic

structure, but a Gothic Revival design
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
 NATIONAL CATHEDRAL,
PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT
W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
 NATIONAL CATHEDRAL,
PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT
W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
NATIONAL CATHEDRAL, PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SEPTEMBER 2010
Schematic drawing of Sainte-Chapelle,
Paris, 1239-1248
Sainte-Chapelle, Paris,
1239-1248

hemicycle
How does the function of
each piece of architecture
influence its form?
Sainte-Chapelle, Paris,
1239-1248
Sainte-Chapelle, Paris,
1239-1248
Holoferne’s Army Crossing
the Euphrates River,
Judith Window,
Sainte-Chapelle,
Paris, 1245
Sainte-Chapelle, Paris,
1239-1248
Drawings of the Interior
and Exterior Elevation
of the Nave of
Reims Cathedral,
Villard de Honnecourt,
ink on vellum, 1230
Cathedral Nave Elevations, from Louis Grodecki,
Gothic Architecture, New York, 1985

oculi (bull’s-eye window)

From Louis Grodecki, Gothic Architecture, New York, 1985

Queen Blanche of Castile
and King Louis IX,
Moralized Bible, Paris,
ink, tempera and gold leaf
on vellum, 1226-1234

page is 15” X 10½”

Queen Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX, Moralized Bible,
Paris, ink, tempera and gold leaf on vellum, 1226-1234
Queen Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX, Moralized Bible,
Paris, ink, tempera and gold leaf on vellum, 1226-1234
Moralizations from the
Apocalypse, Moralized
Bible, Paris, 1226-1234
Moralizations from the Apocalypse, Moralized
Bible, Paris, 1226-1234
Self-Portrait Kneeling before
the Virgin and Child,
Matthew Paris,
Historia Alglorum,
England, 1250-1259
Self-Portrait Kneeling before the Virgin and Child,
Matthew Paris, Historia Alglorum, England, 1250-1259
Psalm I, Windmill Psalter, London, 1270-1280
Psalm I, Windmill Psalter, London, 1270-1280
Psalm I, Windmill Psalter, London, 1270-1280
Psalm I, Windmill Psalter, London, 1270-1280
Psalm I, Windmill Psalter, London, 1270-1280
Salisbury Cathedral,
England, 1220-1258
Salisbury Cathedral,
England, 1220-1258

on the west portal, towers

extend beyond the ends of the
side aisles, giving the illusion of
greater horizontality

PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SALISBURY, ENGLAND, JULY 2009

Salisbury
Cathedral,
England,
1220-1258

PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SALISBURY, ENGLAND, JULY 2009

Salisbury Cathedral,
England, 1220-1258

Salisbury's octagonal chapter house is the largest in England.

It houses one of only four original copies of the Magna Carta.
Plan of Salisbury Cathedral, England, 1220-1258
Salisbury Cathedral,
England, 1220-1258
Salisbury Cathedral,
England, 1220-1258

PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SALISBURY, ENGLAND, JULY 2009

Salisbury Cathedral,
England, 1220-1258

PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SALISBURY, ENGLAND, JULY 2009

Salisbury Cathedral,
England, 1220-1258

vault in Chapter House, note the tiercerons

Salisbury Cathedral,
England, 1220-1258

PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SALISBURY, ENGLAND, JULY 2009

Salisbury Cathedral,
England, 1220-1258

PHOTOGRAPH BY ROBERT W. FREY, SALISBURY, ENGLAND, JULY 2009

Salisbury Cathedral from Bishop's Grounds, Constable, 1825
Chapter House at Wells Cathedral,
England, 1220

vault in Chapter House, note the tiercerons

Great Hall, Stokesay Castle, England, 13th century
READING ASSIGNMENT 43:

517-527
Saint Elizabeth,
Marburg, Germany,
1235-1283
Saint Elizabeth,
Marburg, Germany,
1235-1283

a Hall Church
Cologne Cathedral,
Germany, 1248-1880

openwork in spire
Cologne Cathedral, Germany, 1248-1880 (632 years)

note the finials

Cologne Cathedral,
Germany, 1248-1880

an actual-size finial,
displayed at ground level

PHOTO BY:
ROBERT W. FREY,
COLOGNE, GERMANY,
JUNE 2013
Cologne Cathedral, Germany, 1248-1880

PHOTO BY: ROBERT W. FREY, COLOGNE, GERMANY, JUNE 2013

Cologne Cathedral,
Germany, 1248-1880

PHOTO BY:
ROBERT W. FREY,
COLOGNE, GERMANY,
JUNE 2013
Cologne Cathedral,
Germany, 1248-1880

PHOTO BY:
ROBERT W. FREY,
COLOGNE, GERMANY,
JUNE 2013
Cologne Cathedral, Germany, 1248-1880

PHOTO BY: ROBERT W. FREY, COLOGNE, GERMANY, JUNE 2013

Cologne Cathedral, Germany, 1248-1880
Cologne Cathedral,
Germany, 1248-1880

PHOTO BY:
ROBERT W. FREY,
COLOGNE, GERMANY,
JUNE 2013
Cologne Cathedral, Germany, 1248-1880

PHOTO BY: ROBERT W. FREY, COLOGNE, GERMANY, JUNE 2013

Cologne Cathedral, Germany, 1248-1880

PHOTO BY: ROBERT W. FREY, COLOGNE, GERMANY, JUNE 2013

Altneuschul, Prague,
Czech Republic, 13th century

note the 5th rib on each

groin vault, which is
unnecessary for structural
support

bimah: raised reading

platform surrounded by
openwork iron screen
Altneuschul, Prague,
Czech Republic,
13th century

Aron (shrine for

Torah scrolls)
Altneuschul, Prague,
Czech Republic,
13th century

PHOTO BY: ROBERT W. FREY, PRAGUE, CZECH REP. JUNE 2013

Altneuschul, Prague,
Czech Republic,
13th century

PHOTO BY: ROBERT W. FREY, PRAGUE, CZECH REP. JUNE 2013

Altneuschul, Prague,
Czech Republic,
13th century

PHOTO BY: ROBERT W. FREY, PRAGUE, CZECH REP. JUNE 2013

Shrine of the Three Kings, Nicholas Verdun, silver and gilded
bronze, Cologne, Germany, 1190-1210
Shrine of the Three Kings, Nicholas Verdun, silver and gilded
bronze, Cologne, Germany, 1190-1210

PHOTO BY: ROBERT W. FREY, COLOGNE, GERMANY, JUNE 2013

Shrine of the Three Kings,
Nicholas Verdun, silver and
gilded bronze,
Cologne, Germany,
1190-1210

PHOTO BY:
ROBERT W. FREY,
COLOGNE, GERMANY,
JUNE 2013
Saint Maurice,
Madgeburg Cathedral, Germany,
sandstone, 1240-1250
Saint Maurice,
Lucas Cranach the Elder,
Germany, 1472-1553
Ekkehard and Uta,
Naumburg Cathedral, Germany,
stone, 1245-1260
Ekkehard and Uta, Naumburg Cathedral, Germany,
stone, 1245-1260
Pulpit at Pisa Baptistery,
Nicola Pisano, 1260

baptistery is 15’ in height

Nativity, Pulpit at Pisa Baptistery, Nicola Pisano, 1260
Nativity, Pulpit at Pisa Baptistery, Nicola Pisano, 1260
Nativity, Pulpit at Pisa Baptistery, Nicola Pisano, 1260
Pulpit at Pisa Baptistery,
Nicola Pisano, 1260

PHOTO BY:
ROBERT W. FREY,
PISA, ITALY,
JUNE 2013
Statue of Nicola Pisano, Pisa

PHOTO BY:
ROBERT W. FREY,
PISA, ITALY,
JUNE 2013
Statue of Nicola Pisano, Pisa

PHOTO BY: ROBERT W. FREY, PISA, ITALY, JUNE 2013

Cathedral Complex, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy, 1063-13th century

Nicola Pisano’s baptistery carvings are located in this building

Cathedral Complex, Pisa, Tuscany, Italy, 1063-13th century
Campo Santo: Gothic-era walled burial ground

Nicola Pisano’s ideas about

carving were likely influenced
by Roman sarcophagi within
nearly Campo Santo
Battle Between The Romans and The Barbarians,
detail of the Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus, marble, 250 CE

Roman sarcophagi likely influenced Nicola Pisano

Nativity, Pulpit at Pisa Baptistery, Giovanni Pisano, 1302-10
Nicola Pisano (father)
Pulpit from Pisa Baptistery

Giovanni Pisano (son)

Pulpit from Pisa Baptistery
Crucifix,
Coppo di Marcovaldo,
Franciscan convent of
San Gimignano, Italy,
wood, 1250-1270

crucifix is 9’ 7 ½” in height
Crucifix, Coppo di Marcovaldo, Franciscan convent of
San Gimignano, Italy, wood, 1250-1270
Crucifix, Coppo di Marcovaldo, Franciscan convent of
San Gimignano, Italy, wood, 1250-1270
Church of Saint Francis of Assisi, Italy
Church of Saint Francis
of Assisi, Italy,
paintings 1228-1253
(restored since 1997)
Schematic drawing of Church of Saint Francis, Assisi, Italy,
1228-1253
Siena Cathedral, Italy, 1284-1299
Siena Cathedral, Italy, 1284-1299
mosaic on central gable,
Luigi Mussini,
1878
Siena Cathedral,
Italy, 1284-1299
Miracle of the Crib at Greccio,
Church of Saint Francis,
Assisi, Italy,
13th or 14th centuries
A
B
C D

E
Miracle of the Crib at Greccio,
Church of Saint Francis,
Assisi, Italy,
13th or 14th centuries
HISTORIATED CRUCIFIX

BALDACCHINO

ICONOSTASIS LECTERN

CRIB
Miracle of the Crib at Greccio, Church of Saint Francis,
Assisi, Italy, 13th or 14th centuries
Miracle of the Crib at Greccio, Church of Saint Francis,
Assisi, Italy, 13th or 14th centuries
Miracle of the Crib at Greccio, Church of Saint Francis,
Assisi, Italy, 13th or 14th centuries
 ~ REVIEW OF ~

for Chapter Test 4

Stave Church, Norway, Norse, 1150
Palace Chapel of Charlemagne, Carolingian, 805
Section drawing of
Palace Chapel of
Charlemagne,
Carolingian,
805
Cathedral of Saint James,
Spain, 1122
Cathedral of
Saint James,
Spain, 1122
Cathedral of
Saint James,
Spain, 1122
Cathedral Complex at Pisa, Tuscany, Italy, 1063
Church of San Clemente,
Rome, Italy, 1128
Speyer Cathedral,
Speyer, Germany,
1106
Durham Cathedral,
Durham, England,
1280
Durham Cathedral,
Durham, England,
1280
Abbey Church of
Saint Denis, Paris, 1281
Abbey Church of Saint Denis, Paris, 1281
Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Paris,1163
Cathedral of
Notre-Dame,
Paris,1163
Cathedral of
Notre-Dame,
Chartres,1260
Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Chartres, 1260
Cathedral of Notre Dame (Royal Portal), Chartres, 1155
Cathedral of
Notre-Dame,
Reims, 1286
Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Reims, 1286
Cathedral of Notre-Dame,
Reims, 1286
Cathedral of N-D (Annunciation & Visitation), Reims, 1286
Sainte-Chapelle,
Paris, 1248
Salisbury Cathedral,
England, 1265
Salisbury Cathedral,
England, 1265
Saint Elizabeth,
Marburg, Germany,
1283
Saint Elizabeth,
Marburg, Germany,
1283
Altneushul,
Prague, Czech Republic,
1483