EXERCISE 4

Vapor Pressure of a Liquid

Data and Results (COMPLETE)

*data obtained from Group 2

Table 4.1. Physical conditions recorded for the determination of ΔH vap for acetone and methanol.
Parameter Value
Room Temperature, °C 29
Corrected Barometic Pressure, inHg 29.4

Table 4.2. Gas constants for the Van der Waals EOS for Acetone and Methanol.
a, L2* bar*mol-2 b, L* mol-1
Acetone 16.02 0.1124
Methanol 9.472 0.06584
Reference: Dean, John A. (1999). Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry. 15th ed. USA: McGraw- Hill,Inc. p. 2609.

Table 4.3 Normal boiling point of acetone and methanol.

Boiling Point (oC)
Acetone 56.1
Methanol 64.7
Adapted from the experiment described by Gerald S. Levinson in J. Chem. Ed. 59 (337) 1982.

Table 4.4 Theoretical ΔHvap, of acetone and methanol.

ΔHvap (kJ/mol)
Acetone 30.3
Methanol 35.3
Adapted from the experiment described by Gerald S. Levinson in J. Chem. Ed. 59 (337) 1982.

Table 4.5 Determining the change in the mercury levels of the manometer for acetone for increasing temperature mode.
Temperature, Trial 1
oC
h1,cmHg h2,cmHg ∆h,cmHg
44.1 41 50 9
46.1 42 49 7
48.1 43.2 47.8 4.6
50.1 44.1 46.9 2.8
52.1 - -
54.1 45 46 1
56.1 45.2 45.8 0.6

Table 4.6 Determining the change in the mercury levels of the manometer for acetone for decreasing temperature mode.
Temperature, Trial 1
oC
h1,cmHg h2,cmHg ∆h,cmHg
56.1 39.7 51.3 11.6
54.1 41.2 49.8 8.6
52.1 43 48 5
50.1 44.8 46.2 1.4
48.1 45.5 45.5 0

Table 4.7 Determining the change in the mercury levels of the manometer for methanol for increasing temperature mode.
Temperature, Trial 1
oC
h1,cmHg h2,cmHg ∆h,cmHg
50.7 38.9 52.1 13.2
52.7 41.3 49.7 8.4
54.7 42.5 48.5 6
56.7 43 48 5
58.7 43.3 47.7 4.4
60.7 44.8 46.2 1.4
62.7 45.2 45.8 0.6
64.7 45.5 45.5 0
Table 4.8 Determining the change in the mercury levels of the manometer for methanol for decreasing temperature mode.
Temperature, Trial 1
oC
h1,cmHg h2,cmHg ∆h,cmHg
50.7 36.8 54.2 17.4
52.7 37.3 53.7 16.4
54.7 39 52.0 13
56.7 41.4 49.6 8.2
58.7 42.5 48.5 6
60.7 43.5 47.5 4
62.7 44.6 46.4 1.8
64.7 45.5 45.5 0

Table 4.9 Determining the ΔHvap of acetone using the corrected mercury manometer reading and gas pressure for increasing
Temperature mode.
Temperature Trial 1
(K) hcorrected Pgas lnP
317.25 8.95302 65.72298 4.185448636
319.25 6.96346 67.71254 4.215271392
321.25 4.575988 70.100012 4.249922965
323.25 2.785384 71.890616 4.275145742
325.25 - - -
327.25 0.99478 73.68122 4.29974795
329.25 0.596868 74.079132 4.305133873
ΔHvap -1041.397657
- ,K
𝑅
ΔHvap, kJ/mol 8.658180122

Table 4.10. Determining the ΔHvap of acetone using the corrected mercury manometer reading and gas pressure for decreasing
Temperature mode.
Temperature Trial 1
(K) hcorrected Pgas lnP
329.25 0 74.676 4.313158755
327.25 1.392692 73.283308 4.294332861
325.25 4.9739 69.7021 4.244239446
323.25 8.555108 66.120892 4.191484763
321.25 11.539448 63.136552 4.145299873
ΔHvap -2321.175998
- ,R
𝑅
ΔHvap, kJ/mol 19.29825725

Table 4.11. Determining the ΔHvap of methanol using the corrected mercury manometer reading and gas pressure for increasing
Temperature mode.
Temperature Trial 1
(K) hcorrected Pgas lnP
323.85 13.131096 61.544904 4.119767055
325.85 8.356152 66.319848 4.194489219
327.85 5.96868 68.70732 4.229855744
329.85 4.9739 69.7021 4.244230446
331.85 4.377032 70.298968 4.252757119
333.85 1.392692 73.283308 4.294332861
335.85 0.596868 74.079132 4.305133873
337.85 0 74.676 4.313158755
ΔHvap -1377.596632
- ,K
𝑅
ΔHvap, kJ/mol 11.4533384
Table 4.12. Determining the ΔHvap of methanol using the corrected mercury manometer reading and gas pressure for decreasing
Temperature mode.
Temperature Trial 1
(K) hcorrected Pgas lnP
337.85 0 74.676 4.313158755
335.85 1.790604 72.885396 4.28888829
333.85 3.97912 70.69688 4.258401442
331.85 5.9686 68.7074 4.229856908
329.85 8.157196 66.518804 4.197484675
327.85 12.93214 61.74386 4.122994537
325.85 16.314392 58.361608 4.066658276
323.85 17.309172 57.366828 4.049466227
ΔHvap -2214.377421
- ,K
𝑅
ΔHvap, kJ/mol 18.41033388

Table 4.13. Percent Error between the Experimental and Theoretical Molar Heat of Vaporization for Acetone and Methanol.

Sample Parameter Trial 1

Increasing Decreasing
Acetone Experimental 8.658180122 19.29825725
ΔHvap. kJ/mol
Theoretical ΔHvap. 30.3
kJ/mol
Percent error, % -71.42514811 -36.30938201
Methanol Experimental 11.4533384 18.41033388
ΔHvap. kJ/mol
Theoretical ΔHvap. 35.3
kJ/mol
Percent error, % -67.55428215 -47.84607966

Table 4.14. Calculation of the Compressibility Factor using the van der Waals EOS for Acetone and Methanol.

Parameter Trial 1
Increasing Decreasing
Acetone Temperature, K 317.25 321.25 321.25 329.25
Vapor Pressure, cmHg 65.72298 74.079132 63.136552 74.676
Compressibility Factor, Z 0.9902572992 0.9893206717 0.9920221 0.99109146
0.9908981659 0.9898096012
Methanol Temperature, K 323.85 337.85 323.85 337.85
Vapor Pressure, cmHg 61.544904 74.676 57.366828 74.676
Compressibility Factor, Z 0.9912856187 0.990381197 0.9918772086 0.990381197

*calculated by Lizette
*calculated by ate Maris
*calculated by Roanne

Table 4.15. Recalculation of the Molar Heat of Vaporization for Acetone and Methanol with the Compressibility Factor, Z included.

Parameter Trial 1
Increasing Decreasing
Acetone Compressibility Factor, Z
Experimental ΔHvap, J/mol
Theoretical ΔHvap, kJ/mol 30.3
Percent Error, %
Methanol Compressibility Factor, Z 0.9912856187 0.990381197
Experimental ΔHvap, J/mol
Theoretical ΔHvap, kJ/mol 35.3
Percent Error, %