CLASS

7
Pearson IIT Foundation Series
Mathematics
Fifth Edition

Hints and Explanation

Trishna Knowledge Systems

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 Chapter Number Systems 1

1 Number Systems

TEST YOUR CONCEPTS

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. True 24. 3
2. True Hence, the correct option is (c)
3. False 25. Does not exist.
4. False Hence, the correct option is (d)
5. True 26. 1 is the multiplicative identity element in the set of
integers.
6. False
Hence, the correct option is (b)
7. True
27. The HCF of any two co-primes is 1.
8. False
As, 17 and 19 are co-primes, the HCF of 17 and
9. not a real number or imaginary number (False)
19 is 1.
10. does not exist
Hence, the correct option is (a)
11. improper fraction
3

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
1 ⎛1⎞
12. mixed 28. 225 + 3 = (15)2 + 3 ⎜ ⎟
64 ⎝4⎠
13. proper
1 1
14. 0.06 = 15 + = 15
4 4
15. recurring
Hence, the correct option is (a)
16. 2
29. The product of two numbers = (Their LCM)
17. irrational numbers (Their HCF).
18. 1.414 ⇒ 150 = 30 × HCF
19. 1.732 150
HCF = =5
30
20. 1
Hence, the correct option is (b)
Hence, the correct option is (c)
30. Given, m = (−1)2000
21. Set of natural numbers is not closed under subtraction.
⇒m=1
Hence, the correct option is (a)
And also given, n = (−1)2002
22. Multiplicative inverse to each other (or) Reciprocals
to each other. ⇒n=1

Hence, the correct option is (d) m

∴ =1
n
23. 36.
Hence, the correct option is (b)
Hence, the correct option is (c)

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 2 Chapter 1

Short Answer Type Questions

3 0.4 −21 7
31. a = 0.52314 35. + + +
10 100 1000 10000
b = 0.52313
= 0.3 + 0.004 − 0.021 + 0.0007
c = 0.53201
= 0.3047 − 0.021
d = 0.52321
= 0.2837
Clearly, b < a < d < c.
36. If denominator of a fraction, in simplest form, has
1 5 2 1 only 2 or 5 as prime factors, then the fraction is a
32. 3 × 1 × 1 × 1
7 6 5 11 terminating decimal. Otherwise it is a recurring
22 11 7 12 44 4 decimal. In the above problems 625 = 54, 192 = 26
= × × × = =8 × 3, 1024 = 210, 2560 = 29 × 5.
7 6 5 11 5 5
33. (i) 2.3675 192 has 3 as its prime factor.
23675 125
= ∴ is a recurring decimal.
10000 192
947 37. 30.32 × 4.5
=
400 = 136.44
(ii) 54.26 23 12 + 11
5426 2713 38. (i) =
= = 12 12
100 50 12 11 11 11
(iii) 75.35 = + =1+ =1
12 12 12 12
7535 1507
37 32 + 5
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

= =
100 20 (ii) =
8 8
(iv) 0.7575
32 5
7575 303 = +
= = 8 8
10000 400
34. (i) 22.308 ÷ 7.436 5 5
=4+ =4
1 8 8
= 22.308 × 108 104 + 4
7.436 (iii) =
22308 52 52
= 104 4
7436 = +
52 52
=3
1 1
837 558 =2+ =2
(ii) ÷ 13 13
125 4750 39. (i) 24, 36
837 4750
= × HCF:
125 558
24)36(1
93 950
= × 24
25 62
93 190 12)24(2
= ×
5 62 24
3 9 0
= × = 57
1 1 ∴ HCF = 12.

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 Number Systems 3

LCM: 5 7
42. ,
2 24 – 36 8 12
a+b
2 12 – 18 If a and b are two fractions, then lies between
a and b. 2
3 6–9
2–3 5 7 ⎛ 15 + 14 ⎞
+ ⎜ ⎟
∴ LCM = 23 × 32 = 72. 8 12 = ⎝ 24 ⎠ = 29
2 2 48
(ii) 16, 20, 48
29 5
16 = 24 +
48 8
20 = 22 × 5 2
48 = 24 × 3 29 + 30 1
= ×
48 2
∴ HCF = 22 = 4.
59
LCM = 24 × 5 × 3 = 240. =
96
(iii) 25, 35, 40 7 29
+
25 = 52 12 48
2
35 = 51 × 71
⎛ 28 + 29 1 ⎞ 57
40 = 23 × 51 =⎜ × ⎟=
⎝ 48 2 ⎠ 96
∴ HCF = 5.
59 29 57
LCM = 23 × 52 × 7 = 1400. ∴ , , are three rational numbers
96 48 96

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
40. LCM = 625 5 7
between and .
8 12
HCF = 5
10 13 23 43
We have, the product of two numbers = (Their 43. , , ,
LCM) × (Their HCF) 12 15 25 45
10 12 − 2 2
= 625 × 5 = 3125 = =1−
12 12 12
41. (i) 2.345 13 15 − 2 2
2345 469 = =1−
= = 15 15 15
1000 200
23 25 − 2 2
= =1−
(ii) 3.5 2 = 3.5222……… 25 25 25
352 − 35 317 43 45 − 2 2
= = = =1−
90 90 45 45 45
(iii) 281. 31 When the numerators are equal, a fraction whose
28131 − 281 27850 denominator is greater is a smaller fraction.
= =
99 99 2 2 43
⇒ is smallest ⇒1 − ⇒ is greatest.
(iv) 108. 001 45 45 45
108001 − 1080 106921 43 23 13 10
= = ∴ > > > .
990 990 45 25 15 12

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 4 Chapter 1

44. 3.4777 ………. 48. 720 = (d)2 × (c)2 × 5

= 3.47 ∴ 5 is the required number, since 720 × 5 = 42 ×
347 − 34 313 32 × 52
= =
90 90 = (60)2
2.85888 ……….
49. Total time taken = 150 minutes
= 2.858
Time taken to cover the remaining distance = (1 −
2858 − 285 2573 4/15) 150
= =
900 900
= (11/15)150 = 11 × 10 = 110 minutes
∴ 3.47 − 2.858
50. The quantity of milk required per day = 2.2 
313 2573
= − The total quantity of milk = (2.2 ) (31)
90 900
3130 − 2573 557 = 68.2 
= =
900 900 51. A is the smallest four-digit number formed using
the digits 0, 1, 2, 3.
45. Let x = 2. 9.
∴ A = 1023
x = 2.9999………
B is the greatest four-digit number formed using
10x = 29.9999………
the digits 0, 1, 2, 3.
9x = 27.0000………
∴ B = 3210
27
x= B − A = 2187.
9
x=3 52. Let the required number be N.
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

∴ 2. 9 = 3. 76 leaves a remainder of 4 when divided by N.

34 − 3 31 So, N must divide 76 − 4, i.e., 72.
46. 3.4 = =
9 9 Similarly, N must divide 60 − 6, i.e., 54.
56 − 5 51
5.6 = = ∴ N must be the HCF of 72 and 54, i.e., 18.
9 9
53. Let x = 44.4444……… and y = 27.2727………
31 51
3.4 × 5.6 = × x = 44.4444………
9 9
31 × 17 527 14 ⇒ 100x = 4444.44….
= = = 19
9×3 27 27 100x − x = 4444.44....−44.44......
47. One of the numbers is 24. ⇒ 99x = 4400
Let the other number be x. 4400
⇒x=
We have, the product of two numbers = (Their 99
LCM) × (Their HCF) y = 27.2727………
⇒24 × x = 96 × 12 ⇒ 100y = 2727.27………
96 × 12 100y − y = 2727.27…… − 27.27......
⇒x=
24 2700
⇒ 99y = 2700⇒y =
⇒ x = 4 × 12 = 48 99

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 Number Systems 5

1700
x−y = 55. 2.42 × 2.88
99
= 2 × 1.21 × 2 × 1.44
14 2 × 25 + 14 64 8
54. 2 = = =
25 25 25 5 = 22 (1.1)2 (1.2)2
7 9×1+ 7 16 4 = 2 (1.1) (1.2)
1 = = =
9 9 9 3 = 2.64
14 7 8 4
∴ 2 − 1 = −
25 9 5 3
24 − 20 4
= =
15 15

Essay Type Questions

Total no. of boys
56. The required number = (LCM of 20, 30, 40 and Number of groups of boys =
50) + 10 GCD
72
= 600 + 10 = 610 = =9
8
57. 4< 5< 9 Total no. of girls
Number of groups of girls =
⇒2< 5 <3 GCD
(2.5)2 = 6.25 > 5 64
= =8
8
⇒2< 5 < 2.5
Total number of groups = 9 + 8 = 17.

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
(2.2)2 = 4.84 < 5
59. Required number = HCF of (59 − 3, 54 − 5)
⇒ 2.2 < 5 < 2.5
= HCF (56, 49)
(2.3)2 = 5.29 > 5
= HCF (8 × 7, 7 × 7) = 7
⇒ 2.2 < 5 < 2.3
60. Least possible time after which the bells toll
(2.25)2 = 5.0625 > 5
= LCM (120, 180)
⇒ 2.2 < 5 < 2.25
= LCM (5 × 3 × 23, 5 × 32 × 22)
(2.24)2 = 5.0176 > 5
= 5 × 32 × 23 = 360
⇒ 2.2 < 5 < 2.24
Hence, the bells toll together at an interval of
(2.23)2 = 4.9729 < 5 360 sec, i.e., 6 min.
⇒ 2.23 < 5 < 2.24 ∴ They toll together at 12:06.
∴ 5 ~ 2.24 61. Given,
(∵ 5 is nearer to 2.24) The area of the square field = 12 hectares 3201 m2
58. First, let us find GCD of 72 and 64. = 123201 m2.

GCD (72, 64) i.e., s2 = 123201

= GCD (23 × 32, 26) = 23 = 8 ⇒s= 123201

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 6 Chapter 1

3123201 351 x2
⇒ = 20449
9 4
65 332 ⇒ x2 = 20449 × 4
325
701 701 x = 20449 × 4
701
x = 11 × 13 × 11 × 13 × 2 × 2
0
x = 11 × 13 × 2
∴ s = 351 mts
⇒ x = 286
Hence, the side of the square is 351 m.
∴ 286 men visited the hotel.
62. Let the quotient be x.
64. 288 = 25 × 32
x
∴The divisor is . 432 = 24 × 33
3
We know that, dividend = divisor × quotient + 648 = 23 × 34
remainder. And, we have 3
a × 3 b × 3 c = 3 abc .
x
⇒ 2200 = × x + 13
3 ∴ 3 288 × 3 432 × 3 648
x2
⇒ = 2187 = 3 288 × 432 × 648
3
⇒ x2 = 2187 × 3 = 3 ( 25 × 32 )( 24 × 33 )( 23 × 34 )

⇒x= 3×3×3×3×3×3×3×3 = 3 212 × 39

⇒ x = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 81 = 24 × 33 = 432
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

∴ Quotient = 81. 65. Given, V = s3.

x 81 Also, V = 10.648 cubic units.

⇒ Divisor = = = 27.
3 3 ∴ s3 = 10.648.
63. Let the number of men be x. 10648
1 ⇒ s = 3 10.648 = 3
Money paid by each person = ` x 1000
4
The total bill paid = ` 20449 (given) 22 × 22 × 22 22
= 3 = = 2.2 units
1 10 × 10 × 10 10
i.e., x × x = 20449
4

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 Chapter Expressions and Special Products 7

2
Expressions and
Special Products

TEST YOUR CONCEPTS

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. True 21. 4x2

2. False Degree = 2
3. True Hence, the correct option is (b)
4. False 22. −3x3 + 5x2 + 4
5. True Degree = 3
6. True Hence, the correct option is (c)
7. True 23. xyz
8. True Degree = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
9. True Hence, the correct option is (c)
10. False 24. x + y + z

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
11. 5x3 − 5x2y Degree = 1
12. 2x − 1 Hence, the correct option is (a)
13. x2 + (a + b)x + ab 25. Zero of x + 2 is − 2, since (−2) + 2 = 0
14. (x + y) (x − y) Hence, the correct option is (c)
15. a2 + 6ab + 9b2 26. Zero of x − 3 is 3, since 3 − 3 = 0
16. 2 Hence, the correct option is (b)
Hence, the correct option is (a) 2 ⎛ −2 ⎞
27. Zero of 3x + 2 is − , since 3 ⎜ ⎟ + 2 = − 2 +
3 ⎝ 3⎠
17. (a − 1)3 2=0
Hence, the correct option is (b) Hence, the correct option is (c)
18. a2 − b2 28. Let 5x − 3 = 0
Hence, the correct option is (b) ⇒ 5x = 3
19. 1 3
⇒x=
5
Hence, the correct option is (d) 3
∴ The zero of 5x − 3 is .
20. x2 + (a − b) x − ab 5
Hence, the correct option is (d) Hence, the correct option is (c)

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 8 Chapter 2

29. (x + y) (x − y) = x2 − y2 = x4 − 2x3+ x2.

It is a binomial. Degree = 4.
Hence, the correct options is (b) Hence, the correct options is (b)
30. (x2 − x)2 = (x2)2 − 2(x2)(x) + (x)2

Short Answer Type Questions

31. Given (20 + 14 + 6) (−6) = −120 − 84 − 36 − 240 =

− 240.
A = 3x2 + 2x − 7
Hence verified.
B = 7x3 − 3x + 4, then find
38. (3x − 7) (4x + 6)
A + B = 3x2 + 2x − 7 + 7x3 − 3x + 4
= 3x(4x + 6) − 7(4x + 6)
= 7x3 + 3x2 − x − 3.
= 12x2 + 18x − 28x − 42
32. A − B = 3x2 + 2x − 7 − (7x3 − 3x + 4)
= 12x2 − 10x − 42.
= − 7x3 + 3x2 + 5x − 11.
Put x = 1.
33. 2A + 3B
[(3 × 1) − 7] [(4 × 1) + 6] = 12(1)2 − 10(1) − 42
= 2(3x2 + 2x − 7) + 3(7x3 − 3x + 4)
(−4) (10) = 12 − 10 − 42
= 21x3 + 6x2 + 4x − 9x − 14 + 12
− 40 = − 40
= 21x3 + 6x2 − 5x − 2.
Hence verified.
34. 2A − 3B
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

39. We have,
= 2(3x2 + 2x − 7) − 3(7x3 − 3x + 4)
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
= −21 x3 + 6x2 + 13x − 26.
(3x + 4y)2
35. (3x + 2) (x − 3)
(3x)2 + 2(3x) (4y) + (4y)2
= 3x(x − 3) + 2(x − 3)
= 9x2 + 24xy + 16y2.
= 3x2 − 9x + 2x − 6
= 3x2 − 7x − 6. 1 2
40. (5x + )
5x
36. (x − 5) (x + 6) 2
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
x(x + 6) − 5(x + 6) = (5x)2 + 2(5x) ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 5x ⎠ ⎝ 5x ⎠
x2 + 6x − 5x − 30
1
= x2 + x − 30. = 25x2 + 2 + .
25x 2
37. (5x2 − 7x + 6) 3x 41. We have,
(5x2 × 3x) − (7x × 3x) + (6 × 3x) (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2
= 15x3 − 21x2 + 18x. (x − 2y)2
Put x = − 2. = x2 − 2(x) (2y) + (2y)2
[5(−2)2 − 7 (−2) + 6] [3(−2)] = [15 (−2)3 − = x2 − 4xy + 4y2.
21(−2)2 + 18 (−2)]

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 Expressions and Special Products 9

42. We have, (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2 51. We have, (a + b) (a − b) = a2 − b2

2
1 2 ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ 89 × 111
(3x −) = (3x)2 − 2(3x) ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟
3x ⎝ 3x ⎠ ⎝ 3x ⎠
= (100 − 11) (100 + 11)
1
= 9x2 − 2 + . = (100)2 − (11)2
9x 2
43. We have, = 10000 − 121 = 9879.

(a + b) (a − b) = a2 − b2 52. 92 × 108 = (100 − 8) (100 + 8)

(x + 2y) (x − 2y) = (100)2 − (8)2

(x)2 − (2y)2 = x2 − 4y2. = 100000 − 64

44. (x + y) (x − y) (x2 + y2) = 9936.

53. 26x2y2z2 = 2 × 13 x2y2z
(x2 − y2) (x2 + y2) = ( x 2 )2 − ( y 2 )2 = x4 − y4.
39x3y2z = 3 × 13x3y2z
45. We have, (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
HCF = 13x2y2z.
(102)2 = (100 + 2)2
54. 50ab = 2 × 52ab
= (100)2 + 2 × 100 × 2 + 22
60bc = 22 × 3 × 5bc
= 10000 + 400 + 4 = 10404.
HCF = (2 × 5)b = 10b.
46. (54)2 = (50 + 4)2
55. x2(x + y) + y2(x + y) = (x + y) (x2 + y2)
= (50)2 + 2(50) × 4 + 42
(∵ x + y is common factor)
= 2500 + 400 + 16 = 2916.
56. (3x + 2y) (a − b) + (3x − 2y) (a − b)

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
2 2 2
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ 1 ⎛ 1⎞ = (a − b) [3x + 2y + 3x − 2y]
47. ⎜ 10 ⎟ = ⎜ 10 ⎟ = 102 + 2 × 10 × × ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠ 4 ⎝ 4⎠
(a − b is common factor)
1 1
= 100 + 5 + = 105 . = 6x(a − b).
16 16
48. We have, (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2 57. 994 × 1006 = (1000 − 6) (1000 + 6)

(95)2 = (100 − 5)2 = (1000)2 − 62 = 999964.

= (100)2 − 2 × 100 × 5 + (5)2 58. (a) 64x2 + 81y2 − 144xy

= 10000 − 1000 + 25 = 9025. (8x)2 + (9y)2 − 2(8x)(9y) = (8x − 9y)2 is a perfect

square.
49. (28)2 = (30 − 2)2
(b) As 8y2 is not perfect square, given expression is
= (30)2 − 2 × 30 × 2 + (2)2 not a perfect square.
= 900 − 120 + 4 = 784.
2 2
59. x + 2) x2 + 6x + 8 (x + 4
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ x2 + 2x
50. ⎜ 9 ⎟ = ⎜ 10 − ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ 4x + 8
2
1 ⎛ 1⎞ 4x + 8
= (10)2 − 2 × 10 × × ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝ 2⎠ 0
1 1
= 100 − 10 + = 90 . ∴ Quotient = x + 4.
4 4

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 10 Chapter 2

60. a3 − ab2 + a2b − b3 = a(a2 − b2) + b(a2 − b2) Squaring on both the sides, we get
= (a2 − b2)(a + b) 1 ⎛ 1⎞
y2 + + 2(y) ⎜ ⎟ = 16
4y 2
⎝ 2y ⎠
= (a − b) (a + b) (a + b)
(∵(a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab)
= (a − b) (a + b)2.
1
y2 + + 1 = 16
61. HCF(24abc3, 36ab3c and 48a3bc) 4y 2
HCF((abc)(24c2), (abc)(36b2), (abc)(48a2)) 1
y2 + = 15.
= (abc)HCF(24c2, 36b2, 48a2) 4y 2
= (abc)HCF(12(2c2), 12(3b2), 12(4a2)) 169 p 3q 2 (13)2 p 2 13 p
64. = = .
= (12abc)HCF(2c2, 3b2, 4a2) 225 pq4 (15)2 q 2 15q
= 12abc(1) = 12abc.
62. x4 + y4 − 2x2y2 = (x2)2 + (y2)2 − 2x2y2 = (x2 − y2)2
65. x 4 − y 4
=
( )2 ( )2 = (x 2 + y 2 )(x 2 − y 2 )
x2 − y2
= (x − y)2(x + y)2 x2 + y2 x2 + y2 (x 2 + y 2 )
(∵ a2 + b2 − 2ab = (a − b)2) = x2 − y2.
1
63. y + =4
2y

Essay Type Questions

2
1 ⎛ 1⎞
66. (3a + 4b) (3a − 4b) = 9a2 − 16b2 (5x)2 − 2 × 5x × + ⎜ ⎟ =9
2x ⎝ 2x ⎠
{(x + y) (x + y) = x2 − y2}
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

1
25x2 + = 9 + 5 = 14.
Put a = − 1, b = 1. 4x 2
(−3 + 4) (−3 − 4) = 9(−1)2 − 16(1)2 1
69. a + =6
(a) (−7) = 9 − 16 a
−7 = −7 Taking squares on both sides,
2
1 ⎛ 1⎞
67. x + =4 ⎜⎝ a + ⎟⎠ = 6
2
2x a
Taking squares on both sides, 1 1
2 a2 + 2 × a × + 2 = 36
⎛ 1⎞ a a
⎜⎝ x + ⎟⎠ = 4
2
2x 1
a2 + = 36 − 2
1 ⎛ 1⎞
2 a2
x2 + 2 × x × + ⎜ ⎟ = 16
2x ⎝ 2x ⎠ 1
1 ∴ a2 + = 34.
x2 + = 16 − 1 a2
4x 2 Again taking squares on both sides,
1 2
x2 + = 15. ⎛ 2 1⎞
4x 2 ⎜⎝ a + 2 ⎟⎠ = (34)
2

1 a
68. 5x − =3 1 ⎛ 1⎞
2
2x (a2)2 + 2 × a2 × 2 + ⎜ 2 ⎟ = 1156
Taking squares on both sides, a ⎝a ⎠
2 1
⎛ 1⎞ a4 + 4 = 1156 − 2 = 1154.
⎜⎝ 5x − ⎟⎠ = 3
2 a
2x

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 Expressions and Special Products 11

70. Quotient = x2 − xy + y2.

a – b) a4 – b4 (a3 + a2b + ab2 + b3 Remainder = 0.
a4 – a3b
Division Rule
a3b
a3b – a2b2 Dividend = Divisor + Quotient + Remainder
a2b2 = (x + y) (x2 − xy + y2) + 0
a2b2 – ab3
= x3 − x2y + xy2 + x2y − xy2 + y3
ab3 – b4
ab3 – b4 = x3 + y3
0 Hence verified.
Quotient = a3 + a2b + ab2 + b3. 73. 4x2 + 8y2 + 12xy
Remainder = 0. 4x2 + 12xy + 9y2 − y2 = (2x + 3y)2 − y2
71. = (2x + 3y + y) (2x + 3y − y)
= (2x + 4y) (2x + 2y)
2x2 + x – 6
= 4(x + 2y) (x + y)
2x + 3) 4x3 + 8x2 – 9x + 6 (
4x3 + 6x2 = 4(x + 2y) (x + y)
+ 2x2 – 9x 74. (3x + 2y)2 − (5x − 3y)2
+ 2x3 + 3x
(3x + 2y + 5x − 3y) [3x + 2y − (5x − 3y)]
– 12x + 6
–12x – 18 = (8x − y) (−2x + 5y)
24 75. a4 − a − a2 − 1 = a4 − a2 − a − 1

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
Quotient = 2x2 + x − 6. = a2(a2 − 1) − 1(a + 1)
Remainder = 24. = a2(a + 1) (a − 1) − 1(a + 1)
Division Rule = (a + 1) [a2(a − 1) − 1]
Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder = (a + 1) [a3 − a2 − 1]
1
= (2x + 3) (2x2 + x − 6) + 24 76. x − =2
x
= 4x3 + 2x2 − 12x + 6x2 + 3x − 18 + 24 Squaring on both the sides, we get
= 4x3 + 8x2 − 9x + 6 1
x2 + 2 − 2 = 4
Hence verified. x
72. (∴ (a − b)2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab)
1
2x2 + x – 6 x2 + =6
x2
2x + 3) 4x3 + 8x2 – 9x + 6 ( Again squaring on both the sides, we get
4x3 + 6x2 1
x4 + 4 + 2 = 36
+ 2x2 – 9x x
+ 2x3 + 3x 1
x4 + 4 = 34.
– 12x + 6 x
–12x – 18 1
24 77. 36a2 + 2 = 31
4a

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 12 Chapter 2

2 78. (m − n)2 = (m + n)2 − 4mn

+ ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ = 31
1
(6a)2 ⇒ (m − n)2 = (14)2 − 4(48)
⎝ 2a ⎠
⎛ 1⎞
2
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ = 196 − 192
(6a)2 + ⎜ ⎟ − 2(6a) ⎜ ⎟ + 2(6a) ⎜ ⎟ = 31
⎝ 2a ⎠ ⎝ 2a ⎠ ⎝ 2a ⎠ =4
2
⎛ 1⎞ ⇒ m − n = ±2.
⎜⎝ 6a − ⎟⎠ + 6 = 31
2a
2
⎛ 1⎞
⎜⎝ 6a − ⎟⎠ = 25
2a
1
6a − = ±5.
2a
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

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 Chapter Ratio and Its Applications 13

3 Ratio and Its Applications

TEST YOUR CONCEPTS

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. True. 1 1
22. :
2. True. 12 60
3. False, 24:36 = 2:3. 1 1
= × 60: × 60
1 1 1 12 60
4. False, : : = 3:2:1. = 5:1 (∵ LCM of 12 and 60 is 60)
2 3 6
5. True Hence, the correct option is (c)
6. False, x = 6 23. ( 2 / 5 × 100 )% % = 40%
7. True Hence, the correct option is (c)
8. False, Number of days = 3. 24. (5 / 4 × 100 )% % = 125%
9. True Hence, the correct option is (b)
10. True 12 3
25. 12% = =

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
11. `80 100 25
Hence, the correct option is (a)
12. Per hundred 1.25
26. 1.25% =
13. 1:2 100
14. 2:3 125
= × 100 = 1/80
23 + 24 + 28 + 29 104 100
15. = = 26 Hence, the correct option is (c)
4 4
27. CP = `200 and SP = `250
16. 22
As SP > CP, there is profit.
17. 4
Profit = SP − CP
18. 25
= `250 − `200 = `50
19. 400
Hence, the correct option is (b)
20. 2:4, i.e., 1:2.
28. CP = `120 and SP = `80
21. 25:30
As SP < CP, there is loss.
25 30
= = (∵ HCF of 25 and 30 is 5)
5 5 Loss = CP − SP
= 5:6 = `120 − `80 = `40
Hence, the correct option is (b) Hence, the correct option is (a)

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 14 Chapter 3

25 1 29
29. 25% = = × y = 29
100 4 6 × 20
Hence, the correct option is (a) y = 120.
5 29 Hence, the correct option is (c)
30. Given, × × y = 29
6 100

Short Answer Type Questions

31. Total amount = `175 37. The cost of 12 books = `144

Given ratio = 1:2:4 144
∴ Cost of 1 book = ` = `12
1 2
First part = (`175) = `25
7 The cost of 18 books = `12 × 18 = `216.
2 MD M D
Second part = (`175) = `50 38. We have, 1 1 = 2 2 .
7 W1 W2
Third part = `[175 − (25 + 50)] = `100. Given, M1 = 12, D1 = 24 and W1 = 1
32. Let x be the fourth proportional of 2, 3 and 6. M2 = ?, M2 = 16, W2 = 2
⇒ 2:3 = 6:x 24 16
∴ 12 × = M2 ×
⇒ 2x = 18 ⇒ x = 9. 1 2
Sum of the quantity 2
33. Average = M2 = 12 × 24 × = 36
Number of quantities 16
∴ 36 men are required.
( 22 + 24 + 33 + 42 + 39)
= kg 39. Number of boys = 20
5
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

160 Number of girls = 15

= kg = 32 kg.
5 Let x% of 20 is 15.
34. P = `2560, T = 3, R = 12 x x
⇒ × 20 = 15 ⇒ = 15 ⇒ x = 75
PTR 100 5
SI =
100 ∴ 75% of the number of boys is the number of
12
= 2500 × 3 × = `900 girls.
100
Amount = P + SI = `3400. 40. SP = `6600
1 5 Profit = 10%
35. P = `3650, T = 2 =
2 2 CP = ?
R = 16
PTR ∴ SP = (100 + 10)% of CP
SI =
100 110
6600 = × CP
5 100
3650 × × 16
= 2 = 365 × 4 = `1460 ⎛ 10 ⎞
100 CP = 6600 ⎜ ⎟ = `6000
Amount = P + SI = `5110. ⎝ 11 ⎠

36. Given, a:b = 5:6 and b:c = 3:4 41. Total height of 20 boys = (20 × 120)cm = 2400 cm.

LCM of 6 and 3 = 6. Total height of 10 girls = (10 × 117)cm = 1170 cm.

∴ a:b = 5:6 2400 + 1170
Average height of 30 students = cm
b:c = 3 × 2:4 × 2 = 6:8 30
= 119 cm.
∴ a:b:c = 5:6:8.

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 Ratio and Its Applications 15

42. Let the length of the smaller piece be x m. Train length 200
51. Speed of the train = =
∴ Length of the larger piece = 4x m. Time taken 20
= 10 m/sec.
Total length = x + 4x = 10 m.
52. The part of the work done by Kiran and Aman in
∴ x = 2 m and 4x = 8 m. 1 day
∴ Lengths of the two pieces are 2 m and 8 m. 1 1 1
= + =
43. Let the costs of two vehicles be 3k and 2k. 15 10 6
Total cost = `3k + `2k = `50000 They can finish the work in 6 days.

k = `10000 53. a:b = b:256

∴ 3k = `30000 and 2k = `20000. b2 = 256a (1)

∴ The costs of 2 vehicles are `30000 and `20000. Given that a:b = 3:16
a 3 16a
44. Let the parts be k, k and 2k. = ,b=
b 16 3
Sum of the parts = 4k. 2
2k ⎛ 16a ⎞
From (1), ⎜ = 256a
∴ Required% =
4k
× 100. ⎝ 3 ⎟⎠
∴ They constitute for 50% of the total value. ⇒a=9
16
45. Let the length of the sides be 5k, 4k and 3k. ∴b= × 9 = 48.
3
Given, 5k − 3k = 2 a + b = 9 + 48 = 57.
∴k=1 15x + 16y 7
54. Given, =
∴ The sides of the triangle are 5 cm, 4 cm and 3 25x + 4y 6

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
cm.
(15x + 16y) 6 = 7 (25x + 4y)
1
46. The reduction is th of the price.
6 90x + 96y = 175x + 28y
1
∴ The required percentage = × 100 = 16. 6 %.
6 96y − 28y = 175x − 90x
47. Let the number be n.
68y = 85x
5 5
:n = n: x 68 4
2 8 ⇒ = =
y 85 5
25 5
⇒ n2 = ⇒n=± ∴x:y = 4:5.
16 4
55. m:n = 3:5
Distance 200
48. Speed = = = 50 kmph. m:r = 2:3
Time 4
49. 2 mins = 120 sec ⇒ m:n = 3(2):5(2) = 6:10
Distance 150 ⇒ m:r = 2(3):3(3) = 6:9
∴ Speed = = = 1.25 m/s.
Time 120 ∴ n:r = 10:9.
Distance
50. Time = 56. Let the present ages of Pavan and Kalyan be 4x and
Speed 5x years, respectively.
360 360 Product of their ages = 4x × 5x = 20x2.
Time = = = 4 h.
18 5 × 18
25 × Given that 20x2 = 980.
5

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 16 Chapter 3

980 60. Let the sum be `P.

x2 = ⇒ x2 = 49 ⇒ x = 7
20 Interest = `P
∴ The present age of Pavan = 4 × 7 = 28 years.
Time period = 5 years.
∴ The present age of Kalyan = 5 × 7 = 35 years.
Let the rate of interest be R%.
∴ The difference between their ages = 35 − 28 = PTR
7 years. I=
100
85 + 90 + 98 + 78 + 89 + 70 510
57. = = 85. P ×5×R
6 6 ∴P= , 100 = 5R
100
58. SP of sofa set = `10000 ∴ R = 20%.
Loss = `2500 5
61. 54 km/h = 54 × m/s = 15 m/s.
18
∴ CP = `10000 − `2500 = `12500.
loss ∴ The length of the train = 15 × 12 = 180 m.
Loss% = × 100%
CP 62. Given, P = `2500
2500 R = 12% and T = 8 years
= × 100% = 20%
12500 ⎛ TR ⎞
Amount (in `) = P ⎜ 1 +
1 ⎝ 100 ⎟⎠
59. P can do of the work in one day.
25 ⎛ 8 × 12 ⎞
1 = 2500 ⎜ 1 + ⎟
Q can do of the work in one day. ⎝ 100 ⎠
15
The part of the work done by P and Q together = ⎛ 24 ⎞
= 2500 ⎜ 1 + ⎟
1 1 3+5 8 ⎝ 25 ⎠
+ = = .
25 15 75 25
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

75 3 ⎛ 49 ⎞
∴ P and Q can do the work in days, i.e., 9 = 2500 ⎜ ⎟ = 4900
8 8 ⎝ 25 ⎠
days.

Essay Type Questions

40 ∴ Quantity of cement (k) = 12.5 kg.
63. Cost of the dress = × 500 = `200.
100
Quantity of coarse aggregate (4k)= 50 kg.
Cost of crackers = `100.
66. Let the savings and expenditure of Ram be `5x
Money left = `(500 − 200 − 100) = `200. and `2x, respectively and that of Manu be `4y and
∴ Cost of the gift = `200. `3y, respectively.
1
64. Total number of students who passed the board Ram’s expenditure = (Manu’s expenditure)
3
exam in the last 3 years 1
⇒ 2x = × 3y
87 90 92 3
= × 400 + × 400 + × 400 y = 2x
100 100 100
Sum of their expenditures = 3000.
= (87 + 90 + 92)4 = 348 + 360 + 368 = 1076.
2x + 3y = 3000 ⇒ 2x + 6x = 3000
65. Let the quantity of cement, fine aggregate and
coarse aggregate be k, 2k and 4k. 3000
∴x=
8
2k = 25 kg. 3000
y=
k = 12.5 kg. 4

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 Ratio and Its Applications 17

∴ Salary of Ram = 7x = `2625 and salary of Manu M2 = 5

= 7y = `5250.
W2 = 10
67. Total strength of the school is 1400.
H2 = 5 hours
3
Number of boys = ×1400 = 600. D2 = ?
7
4 1 × 10 × 5 5 × D2 × 5
Number of girls = × 1400 = 800. ⇒ = ⇒ D2 = 20 days.
7 1 10
2 72. Let A alone finish the work in x days.
Number of cricket players = 600 × = 400.
3 1 1 1
Number of football players = 600 − 400 = 200. ⇒ + =
20 x 15
1 1 1 1 1 4−3
Number of badminton players = 800 × = 200. ⇒ = − ⇒ =
4 x 15 20 x 60
Number of handball players = 800 − 200 = 600. 1 1
⇒ =
∴ Maximum number of players are there in the x 60
handball team. ∴ x = 60 days.
68. Total marks of the test = 50 × 4 = 200. 73. The part of the tank filled in one 1 hour =
80 1 1 2
Marks scored by Sahil = × 200 = 160. − = .
100 5 7 35
∴ The new total marks = 200 − (5 × 4) = 180. ∴ The tank will be filled in 17.5 h.
160 8
∴ Sahil’s new score = = 88 %. 74. Cost price = `250.
180 9
Profit % = 20%
69. Interest to be given at the end of 2 years at 8% per

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
PTR Marked price = (100 + 20)% of CP
annum = .
100 120
= × 250
12000 × 8 × 2 100
= = `1920.
100 = `300
Interest at 12% per annum for 2 years = Discount% = 10%
12000 × 12 × 2
= `2880. Selling price = (100 − 10)% of MP
100
90
∴ Difference = 2880 − 1920 = `960 = × 300 = `270.
100
Distance travelled 200 + 355 As SP > CP, there is profit.
70. Time = =
Speed 15
Profit = 270 − 250 = `20
555
= 37 sec. ⎛ Profit ⎞
15 Profit% = ⎜ × 100⎟ %
⎝ CP ⎠
M 1D1H1 M 2 D2 H 2
71. = ⎛ 20 ⎞
W1 W2 = ⎜ × 100⎟ % = 8%
⎝ 250 ⎠
Where M1 = 1
75. Let the speed of the required train be S m/s.
D1 = 10 days
Distance to be travelled (in m) = 120 + 240
W1 = 1
= 360
H1 = 5 h Speed of the shorter train = 30 m/s.

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 18 Chapter 3

Distance 77. Let the present ages of Ram and Sita be x, y.

Speed = x 5
Time = (given) (1)
120 + 240 y 6
30 − S = xy = 120 (given) (2)
30
360 (a) × (2) we get
30 − S =
30 5
x2 = × 120 = 100
30 − S = 12 6
x2 = 102 ⇒ x = 10
30 − 12 = S
⇒ y = 12 (from (2))
∴ S = 18 m/s
⇒The difference in their ages = 12 − 10 = 2.
∴ Speed of the longer train is 18 m/s.
1 1
76. A can fill th of the tank in 1 h. 78. The work done by Ram in one day = th part
5 of work. 20
1 1
B can fill th of the tank in 1 h. The work done by Raj in one day = th part of
8 30
⎛ 1 1⎞ work.
Both A and B can fill ⎜ + ⎟ of the tank in 1
⎝ 5 8⎠ The total work done by both in one day =
hour.
⎛ 1 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ 20 + 30 1
The part of the tank to be filled = 1 − ⎜ + ⎟ ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ + ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ th part = = .
⎝ 5 8⎠ 30 20 600 2
⎛ 8 + 5 ⎞ 40 − 13 27
=1− ⎜ = = . ⇒ They both, working together, can complete the
⎝ 40 ⎟⎠ 40 40 work in 12 days.
1 8 y2
Rate of filling the tank by A is . 79. = ⇒ y2 = 8 × 8
5
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

5 40
⎛ 27 ⎞ y2 = 82
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
40
∴ Required time = y = 8 (as y > 0).
⎛ 1⎞
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ 80. Let the length of the train be L m.
5
Distance travelled = Speed × Time.
27 5 27 3
= × = = 3 h. 5
40 1 8 8 L = 20 sec × 54 × m/s = 300 m.
18

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 Chapter Indices 19

4 Indices

TEST YOUR CONCEPTS

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. False 625 54
= 4
2. True 1296 2 × 34
18. Given x = 2 and y = 4
3. False
y x
4. True xx x + y y
5. False 4 2

6. False = 22 + 44
1
7. False
= 22 + ( 2 2 ) 2
8. False
=4+2=6
9. True
19. Radius of first orbit of hydrogen is
10. True 0.529
= 0.529 × 10 −8 = 5.29 × 10 −9 cm.
11. (−11)3 10, 00, 00, 000

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
12. x4 Hence, the correct option is (b)
2
⎛ 3⎞ 20. Velocity of light is 30,00,00,00,000 cm/sec
13. ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ = 3 × 1010 cm/s
14. 210 Hence, the correct option is (c)
1
15. 21. Given a + b + c = 0.
5
16. 2 1350 (x a )3
3 675 x −3b .x −3c
3 225 = x3a.x3b.x3c
3 75 = x3a + 3b + 3c
5 25 = x3(a + b + c)
5
= x3 × 0
1350 = 2 × 33 × 52
= x0 = 1
1296 1296 = 2 × 3
17. 5 625 4 4
2 Hence, the correct option is (b)
5 125 2 648
22. Given a = 36
5 25 2 324
a 36 − a 0
0 36

5 2 162
625 = 54, 3 81 = a1 − a0
3 27 =a−1
3 9 = 36 − 1 = 35
3 Hence, the correct option is (d)

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 20 Chapter 4

23. Given abc = 0 144 + 256 12 + 16 28

24. = = =4
b 2c 32 − 2 9−2
⎡
⎣⎢
( ) ⎦⎥
xa ⎤
7
Hence, the correct option is (b)
x abc 1 1
2abc 25. (0.00729) 3 = ⎡⎣(0.09)3 ⎤⎦ 3 = 0.09
x
= = x 2abc −abc = x abc = x 0 = 1
x abc Hence, the correct option is (d)
Hence, the correct option is (d)

Short Answer Type Questions

26. (1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15)5/6 x12 = 324

5 5
= (64) 6 = 26 ( )6 x12 = (32)12
x12 = 912
= 26×5/6 = 25 = 32
x=±9
27. (22)3 = 26
31. (xa − b)a + b ⋅ (xb − c)b + c ⋅ (xc − a)c + a
22 = 28
3

= xa
2
−b 2 .x b 2 − c 2 .x c 2 − a 2 {(am)n = amn}
22
3
> ( )22
3
−b 2 .x b 2 − c 2 .x c 2 − a 2
= xa {am × an = am + n}
2

28.
(x 3 y 2z )3 = x0 = 1 (x ≠ 0)

(xy 2z )2 32. (25)x + 2 = (125)2 − x

(52)x + 2(53)2 − x
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

x 3×3 .y 2×3 z 3
= 2 2× 2 2
x y z
{(ab) m
}
= (a m .b m ) 52x + 4 = 56 − 3x
2x + 4 = 6 − 3x
{( am ) n
= a m ×n ) } 5x = 2
2
x 9 y 6z 3 x=
= 5
x 2y4z 2 40
78
20
47

33. 32 + 83
⎧ am ⎫
= x 9 − 2 .y 6 −4 .z 3 − 2 = x 7 .y 2 .z ⎨ n = a m −n ⎬ = 32 + 83
40 20
{0any non zero real number}
⎩a ⎭
= 32 + 83 {4° = 1, 2° = 1}
1 1

29. Given 2x = 240

2x ⎧ am ⎫ 240 = 32 + 83
Now, 2x – 4 = 4 ⎨a m −n = n ⎬ = = 15
2 ⎩ a ⎭ 16 = 9 + 512 = 521

( )3 = 33
4 3 5
30. 3x 4
3
⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 25 ⎞ ⎛ 125 ⎞
34. ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 8 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎟⎠
33 x4 × 3 = 327 {(ab)m = am.bm}
{(am)n = am × n} 24 × 52×3 × 53× 2 24 × 512 512−4 58
= = = =
327 54 × 23×3 × 22× 2 54 × 213 213−4 29
x12 = 3
3
35. Given x = 18 = 92
⎧ am ⎫
x12 = 327−3 ⎨ n = a m −n ⎬ ∴x=9
⎩a ⎭

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 Indices 21

x5 + x4 x5 x4 41. Given 92x – 7 = (27)x – 4

= 3 + 3
x3 x x ⇒ (32)2x – 7 = (33)x – 4
= x + x = 92 + 9 = 90
2
⇒ 34x – 14 = 33x – 12
36. We have ⇒ 4x − 14 = 3x − 12
(−1)x = −1, when x is odd ⇒x=2
= 1, when x is even ∴ 3x = 32 = 9
∴ (−1)0 + (−1)1 + (−1)2 + …. + (−1)100 42. Marks scored by Vicky = x
= 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + 1 …. (101 terms) = 1 Marks scored by Rakesh = x3
37. 6–3, 5–3, 4–3 and 3–3 Given, x.x3 = 256
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 x4 = 256
= 3
, 3, 3, 3 = , , ,
6 5 4 3 216 125 64 27
x4 = 44
Since the numerators of the given fractions are
same, the fraction which has the least denominator ∴x=4
value is the greatest. ∴ Marks scored by Vicky = x = 4
∴ The ascending order is 6−3, 5−3, 4−3 and 3−3. Marks scored by Rakesh = x3 = 43 = 64.
38. Total amount to be distributed = ` 1296
43.
(3 × 5) x −2+ 2 y −3+1z 2+3
Number of students = x x 3 y 2 z −1
The amount each student gets = ` x = 15x0 y–2 z5 x–3 y–2 z+1 = 15x–3 y–4 z6.
∴ x × x = 1296
1

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
44. = 72
x2 = 1296
((7) )
3 3y + 2

x= 1296 = 36
((73)3y + 2)–1 = 72
∴ Each student gets an amount of x, i.e., 36.
⇒ 3 (3y + 2) (−1) = 2
39. Let the required number be x.
−9y − 6 = 2
x (3–4) = 6
−9y = 8
⎛ 1⎞
x⎜ 4⎟ = 6
⎝3 ⎠ −8
y=
x=6 (34) 9
x = 486
45.
(53 )2/3 × (62 )2 × (6)−2
40. Given xyz = 0 (63 )2/3 (5)2 (52 )−2
z x y
⎡⎣(k x )y ⎤⎦ − ⎣⎡(k y )z ⎤⎦ − ⎣⎡(k z )x ⎤⎦ 52 64 54
× × = 54
= kxyz − kyzx − kzxy 62 52 62

= k0 − k0 − k0
= 1 − 1 − 1 = −1

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 22 Chapter 4

Essay Type Questions

1
46. x (5+ a ) × x (5−a ) = x 40
2 2
x=
33 × 34
+ a 2 +10 a + 5− a 2
x5 = x 40
2

1
10 a + 30
x=
x =x 40 37
10a + 30 = 40 x = 3−7

10a = 10 51. Let the number be x.

−3
⎛ 8⎞
a=1 ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ −3
27 ⎛ 27 ⎞
c a b =⎜ ⎟
47. = 2 . 2 .2
ab bc ac {am × an = am+n } x ⎝ 8⎠
c 2 + a 2 +b 2 ⎛ 27 ⎞
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ 1
= 2 abc 8
= 3
2abc x ⎛ 27 ⎞
= 2 abc {given a2 + b2 + c2 = 2abc} ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
8
= 22 = 4 3 3 6 18
⎛ 27 ⎞ ⎛ 27 ⎞ ⎛ 27 ⎞ ⎛ 3⎞
48. Given 3x = 900 x= ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ =⎜ ⎟ =⎜ ⎟
⎝ 8⎠ ⎝ 8⎠ ⎝ 8⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
3x + 2 = 3x × 32 (am+n = am ×an) −1
x +y −1 −1
x +y −1
52. LHS = −
+
= (900) (9) x 1 y −1
= 8100 1 1 1 1
+ +
3x x y x y
3x − 2 = 2 = +
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

3 1 1
900 x y
= = 100
9
=
(y + x ) × x + (y + x ) × y
49. 2 1800 xy xy
2 900
x 2 + xy + y 2 + xy (x + y )
2

2 450 = = = RHS
xy xy
2 225
3 75 Hence proved.
5 25 53. 348 = 32×24 = (32)24 = 924
5 272 = 23 × 24 = (23)24 = 824
1800 = 23 × 32 × 52 (1)
924 > 824
Given 1800 = 2a × 3b × 5c (2)
348 > 272
From (1) and (2)
k k
54. +
a = 3, b = 2 and c = 2 1− x a − b 1 − x b −a
a + b + c = 3 + 2 + 2 = 7. ⎡ 1 1 ⎤
= k⎢ +
50. Let the number be x. ⎣1 − x a − b
1 − x b −a ⎥⎦
1
34 × x = ⎡ ⎤
27 ⎢ 1 1 ⎥
1 =k ⎢ + ⎥
3 ×x = 3
4
⎢1 − x
a
xb ⎥
3 1 −
⎢⎣ xb xa ⎥⎦

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 Indices 23

57. 8x = 84 ⇒ xy = 4 = 22 = 41
y

⎡ xb xa ⎤
=k ⎢ b −
⎣x − x
a
x a − x b ⎥⎦ ⇒ x = 2, y = 2 or x = 4, y = 1
⇒ x = y or x > y.
⎡ xb xa ⎤
=k ⎢ b − 58. 432 > 2y3
⎣x − x
a
x b − x a ⎥⎦
⇒ dividing both sides by 2, we get
⎡ xb − xa ⎤
=k ⎢ b a⎥
=k 216 > y3 ⇒ 63 > y3
⎣x − x ⎦
⇒ The greatest possible integer value of y is 5.
55. The least integer value which satisfies the given 59. 3x = 32y = 33z = (32)3 = 36
inequality is 6.
⇒ x = 6, 2y = 6, 3z = 6
56. x, y ∈ N, x ≠ 1 and y ≠ 1.
⇒ x = 6, y = 3, z = 2
xy × y = 1215
∴ x + y + z = 6 + 3 + 2 = 11.
= 35 × 5
60. (3)25, (32)12, (33)3, and (34)2
∴ x = 3 and y = 5
= 325, 324, 39, 38.
∴ xy = 3(5) = 15
∴ 38 = (81)2 is the least.

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

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 Chapter
24 Chapter 5

5 Geometry

TEST YOUR CONCEPTS

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. True (180° − x )
⇒x+ = 90°
2. True. 3
3. False. ⇒ 3x + 180° − x = 270°

The ratio is 2:1. ⇒ 2x = 90° ⇒ x = 45°

4. False. Hence, the correct option is (d)

The number of independent measurements is 1. 22. We know that the opposite angles of a parallelo-
gram are equal.
5. True
∴ 2x − 50° = x + 20°
6. True
⇒ 2x − x = 20° + 50° ⇒ x = 70°
7. circumcentre
∴ The opposite angles are 2x − 50° and x + 20°,
8. equidistant i.e., 90° and 90°.
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

9. 60° ∴ The parallelogram necessarily is a rectangle.

10. 100° Hence, the correct option is (c)
11. 135° 23. A
12. 120°
13. centre of the circle
13 cm
14. 2π
15. 3
16. 240° B D 5 cm C
17. rhombus 10 cm
18. secant Since AD is the perpendicular bisector of BC, D is
the mid-point of BC .
19. The number of lines of symmetry of a square is
four. BC 10
DC = =
2 2
Hence, the correct option is (c) ∴ DC = 5 cm
20. The number of lines of symmetry of a rectangle is ΔADC is right triangle,
two.
AD2 = AC2 − DC2.
Hence, the correct option is (a)
⇒ AD2 = 132 – 52 = 169 – 25
21. Let the required angle be x.
AD2 = 144
∴ supplement of x is 180° − x.
⇒ AD = 144

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 Geometry 25

AD = 12 cm. 25. In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse

is equal to the sum of the squares of the other
Hence, the correct options is (a)
two sides. In all the three given cases (options a, b
24. In any triangle, the sum of any two sides is greater and d), a right triangle can be constructed, but in
than the third side and the difference of any two the third case we cannot construct a right triangle.
sides is less than the third side.
Hence, the correct options is (c)
∴ 9 cm, 17 cm and 25 cm follows the above con-
ditions and forms a triangle.
Hence, the correct options is (b)

Short Answer Type Questions

26. ∠QPS = 180° − 120° = 60° (∵ l // m and interior 30. Given, two angles of a triangle are 72° and 38°. Let
angles on same side of the transversal.) the third angle be x.
∠RPT = 180° − 100° = 80° (∵ l // m and interior We have, the sum of all the three angles of a tri-
angles on same side of the transversal.) angle is 180°.
∴ ∠QPS + ∠RPT = 80° + 60° = 140° ∴ 72° + 38° + x = 180°
27. Supplementary of x = 180 − x ⇒ 110° + x = 180°
Complementary of x = 90 − x ⇒ x = 180° − 110° = 70°.
Given that 180° − x = 4(90° − x) ∴ The third angle = 70°.
⇒ 180° − x = 360° − 4x 31.

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
⇒ 3x = 180° ⇒ x = 60°. A
28. (i) 3, 4, 5 l
B C
32 + 42 = 52
∴ (3, 4 5) is a Pythagorean triplet 50° 80°
m
D E
(ii) 8, 15, 17
82 + 152 = 172 q p
∴ (8, 15, 17) is a Pythagorean triplet. Since l // m, ∠ABC = ∠BDE = 50°
(iii) 7, 24, 25 ∠ACB = ∠CED = 80° (corresponding angles)
72 + 242 = 252 ⇒ ∠BAC = 180° − (50° + 80°) = 50°
∴ (7, 24, 25) is a Pythagorean triplet. ∴ In ΔABC,
(iv) 13, 26, 29 ∠ABC = ∠BAC = 50°
132 + 262 ≠ 292 ∠ ΔABC is an isosceles triangle.
∴ (13, 26, 29) is not a Pythagorean triplet. 32. In ΔABC, BC = CA (given)
29. ABCD is a trapezium ⇒ ∠ABC = ∠BAC = 50°
⇒ AB ||CD . (Given ∠ABC = 50)
∠ACD = ∠CAB = 30° (alternate angles) ⇒ ∠ACD = (50° + 50°) = 100° (Exterior angle)
∴ ∠ABC = 180 − (30° + 70°) = 80°. ⇒ ∠CED + ∠CDE = (180° − 100°) = 80°

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 26 Chapter 5

Given CE = CD ⇒ 120° + ∠B = 180°

80°
⇒ ∠CED = ∠CDE = = 40° ⇒ ∠B = 180° − 120° ⇒ ∠B = 60°.
2
 40. The angles of a quadrilateral are x − 5°, x°, x + 5°
33. Since PQ is the perpendicular bisector of AB
and x + 10°.
and ∠XAB = ∠XBA = 40° (given ∠XAB = 40°)
We have, the sum of all the four angles in a quad-
∠XBY = ∠XAY = 10° (∵ AX = BX and AY = By) rilateral is 360°.
⇒ ∠BAY = ∠ABY = 50° ∴ (x − 5°) + x + (x + 5°) + (x + 10°) = 360°
∠AMY = 90° ⇒ 4x + 10° = 360°
⇒ ∠AYX = (180° − (90° + 50°) = 40°. ⇒ 4x = 350°
34. Let AB = BC = x 1
⇒ x = (87 )°
2
Given, AC = 8 2 1
The smallest angle = x − 5° = (82 )°
AB2 + BC2 = AC2 2

( )
2
2x2 = 8 2 ⇒ x = 8 cm. 41.

35. Given ΔACB ≅ ΔACH ≅ ΔBCH

∴ ∠ACB = ∠ACH = ∠BCH
360°
⇒ ∠BCH = = 120°.
3
36. Since ABCD is a square AC is a diagonal, ∠BAC
= 45°.
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

CD || AB || PQ ⇒∠BAC = ∠QRC =45° 42.

(∵ Corresponding angles)
⇒ ∠PRC = 180° − ∠QRC = 135°.
37. ∠PTS = (180° − ∠PTR) = 180 − 110° = 70°
∠PST = 90° (PQRS is a square)
⇒ ∠TPS = 180° − (90° + 70°) = 20°
38. MN ||OP
∠NPO = ∠PNM (alternate angles) 43. Given

⇒ ∠PNM = 40° (given ∠NPO = 40°) D C

∠OQN = ∠QMN + ∠QNM (an exterior angle)
= 30° + 40° = 70° P
39. In a ΔABC, AB = BC and ∠A = 60°. A B
AB = BC ⇒ ∠C = ∠A (∵ opposite angles of AC = 30 cm and BD = 20 cm.
equal sides)
We know that in a parallelogram, the diagonals
∴ ∠C = 60° bisect each other.
We have, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° ∴ P is the midpoint of AC and BD.
⇒ 60° + ∠B + 60° = 180° AC 30
CP = = = 15 cm
2 2

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 Geometry 27

BD 30 47. P
DP = = = 10 cm B A
2 2
M
CP + DP = 10 + 15 = 25 cm.
D N C
44. Each exterior angle = 72°
360° Q
⇒ = 72° (where n is the number of sides)
n
   
⇒ n = 72° = 5 Given BA // DC , PQ is a transversal of BA and

Each interior angle = 180° − 72° = 108° DC , ∠PMA = 70° and ∠DNM = 2x + 30°.

∴ The sum of interior angles = 5 × 108° = 540°. ∠PMA = ∠BMN (∵ they are vertically opposite
angles)
45. A
⇒ ∠BMN = 70°
x But ∠BMN + ∠DNM = 180° (∵ interior angles
on the same side of the transversal)
⇒ 70° + 2x + 30° = 180°
2x y ⇒ 2x = 180° − 100° ⇒ x = 40°.
B C D 48. A
Given AB = AC
⇒ ABC is an isosceles triangle.
D C
⇒ ∠ABC = ∠ACB B

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
⇒ ∠ACB = 2x (from the figure) In ΔADC
In ΔABC, Given ∠CAD = 80° and AD = AC.
∠x + ∠2x + ∠2x = 180°. ⇒ ∠ADC = ∠ACD (1)
5x = 180° But ∠CAD + ∠ADC + ∠ACD = 180°
x = 36° ⇒ 80° + ∠ADC + ∠ACD = 180°
y = x + 2x (y is an exterior angle of ΔABC) ⇒ ∠ADC + ∠ACD = 100° (2)
y = 3x ⇒ ∠ADC = ∠ACD = 50° (from (1) and (2))
y = 3 × 36° = 108° ∠ADB = ∠CAD + ∠ACD (Q exterior angle of
ΔADC)
Now
⇒ ∠ADB = 80° + 50° = 130°
y − x = 108° − 36° = 72°.
In ΔADB, given AD = BD.
46. In ΔABD and ΔCBD, AB = BC (given)
⇒ ∠DAB = ∠DBA (3)
AD = CD (given)
But ∠DAB + ∠DBA + ∠ADB = 180°
BD is common side.
∠DAB + ∠DBA + 130° = 180°
By SSS congruence property,
∠DAB + ∠DBA = 50° (4)
ΔABD ≅ ΔCBD.
⇒ ∠DAB = ∠DBA = 25° (from [3] and [4]).

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 28 Chapter 5

49. ∠ACD + ∠DCB = 180° (1) 2(OD) = CD = 8 cm A

(given)
As ACB is a straight line.
∠ACD 2 OD = 4 cm 3
= (given)
∠DCB 1 ⇒ AD2 = 32 + 42 = 52
D B
∠ACD = 2 ∠DCB (2) O
AD = 5 cm 4 4
3
⇒ from (1) and (2) Perimeter of rhombus =
2∠DCB + ∠DCB = 180° 4 × AD
C
∠DCB = 60°. = 4 × 5 = 20 cm.
50. In triangle PQR, sum of angles in the triangle = 54. In a triangle ABC,
180° ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° . ….. (1)
∠QPR = ∠PRQ (isosceles triangle) ∠B + ∠C = ∠A (given) ….. (2)
∠PQR = 90° (given) From (1) and (2) we get
∠PRQ + ∠PQR + ∠QPR = 180° ∠A + ∠A = 180°
P 2∠A = 180°
∠A = 90°.
∴ ABC is right triangle.
90º
Hence proved.
Q R
55. A
2∠PRQ + ∠90° = 180°
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

∠PRQ = 45°. 60°

51. As (4a + 12°) and (2a + 24°) are supplementary 30° E
angles. D

4a + 12° + 2a + 24° = 180° 60° 60°

⇒ 6a = 144° ⇒ a = 24°. B C
52. The sum of interior angles of 8-sided polygon In Δ’le AED, ∠DAE + ∠ADE + ∠AED = 180°
= (2n − 4) × 90° 60° + 30° + ∠AED = 180°
= (2 × 8 − 4) × 90° = 12 × 90° = 1080°. ⇒ ∠AED = 180 − 30° − 60° = 90°.
53. In ΔAOD AD2 = AO2 + OD2
But 2(AO) = AC = 6 cm (given)
AO = 3 cm

Essay Type Questions

56. CD = 24 cm and E is the midpoint of CD. ⇒ AE = 122 + 52 = 13 cm.

⇒ DE = EC = 12 cm Similarly, BE = 13 cm.
In a right triangle ADE, AD = 5 cm and DE = ∴ Perimeter of Δ ABE = AB + AE + BE
12 cm.
= 24 + 13 + 13 = 50 cm

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 Geometry 29

57. Given BG ⊥ CD 61. Given KLMN is a rectangle. Also given that P, Q, R

and S are the mid-points of KL, LM, MN and NK,
∴ BGC is a right triangle.
respectively.
∴ BG2 + GC2 = BC2
∴ ΔKPS, ΔNRS, ΔMRQ and ΔLPQ are congru-
⇒ (12)2 + GC2= 132 (given) ent triangles by SAS congruence criterion.
⇒ GC = 25 = 5 cm ∴ ∠SRN = ∠QRM = ∠KPS = 30° (given ∠KPS
= 30°).
Given EBGD is a square.
But ∠SRN + ∠SRQ + ∠QRM = 180°
∴ EB = BG = GD = DE
⇒ 30° + ∠SRQ + 30° = 180°
∴ DG = 12 cm (Q BG = 12cm)
⇒ ∠SRQ = 120°.
∴ DC = DG + GC = (12 + 5) cm = 17 cm
62. Mark the point T on PQ such that ST is perpen-
But AB = DC (Q opposite sides of a parallelogram)
dicular to PQ .
∴ AB = 17 cm.
⇒ ST = QR = 24 cm (∵ STQR form a square)
58. ∠BGC = 360° − (140° + 90°) = 130°
SP = 25 cm (given)
⇒ ∠GBC = 180° − (130° + 30°) (given)
⇒ PT = 252 − 242 = 7 cm
= 20°
∴ PQ = PT + TQ
⇒ ∠ABG = ∠ABC − ∠GBC = 60° − 20° (given)
= 7 + SR = 7 + 24 = 31 cm.
⇒ x° = 180° − (90° + 40°) = 50°.
63. Let x, y, z are 3 acute angles.
59.
P x + y + z = 180°

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
x + x + 10 + x + 20 = 180°
⇒ 3x + 30 = 180°
B ⇒ x = 50°.
R
Q 64. A B
A

S
P
Produce PQ to meet SR at the point A. Produce
RQ to meet PS at the point B. But PA ⊥ SR and
RB ⊥ PS. D C
∴ Q is the orthocentre of ΔPSR. Join PA, PB, PC and PD. In a triangle, the sum of
any two sides is greater than the third side.
60. Given x + y = 80° and z − y = 55°.
In ΔPAB, PA + PB > AB (1)
As BC // QP, ∠OBC = ∠OPQ (alternate interior
angles) In ΔPBC, PB + PC > BC (2)
z = (180° − (x + y) = 180° − 80° = 100° In ΔPCD, PC + PD > CD (3)
z − y = 55° In ΔPDA, PD + PA > AD (4)
⇒ 100 − y = 55° On adding (1), (2), (3) and (4) equations, we get
∴ y = 45° ⇒ x = 35°. 2(PA + PB + PC + PD) > AB + BC + CD + DA

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 30 Chapter 5

⇒ 2(PA + PB + PC + PD) > 4AB Given PM ⊥ AB,

(∵ ABCD is a square)
⇒ AM = MB = PM (∵ ∠PAM = ∠PBM = 45°)
PA + PB + PC + PD > 2AB 18
∴ PM = = 9 cm
Hence proved. 2
65. D C Similarly, = PN = 4 cm
∠MPN = 90° (∵∠MPB = ∠NPB = 45°)
∴ MN = PM 2 + PN 2 = 92 + 92 = 9 2 cm.
M 68. A

120°
A B
30° 30°
(i) Consider a rectangle ABCD. B D
40° O 40°
(ii) Let M be the point of intersection of AC and
BD.
100°
(iii) AM = BM = CM = DM, since diagonals are
equal and bisect each other in a rectangle. C
(iv) With M as the centre and AM as radius, draw Given BC = CD
a circle.
⇒ ∠CDB = ∠DBC
It passes through A, B, C and D. ∴ ∠DBC = 40.
66. P Q
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

In ΔBDC,
∠C + ∠DBC + ∠CDB = 180°
G
A ∠C + 40° + 40° = 180°

S R ∠C = 100°
And also given AB = AD,
We know that the centroid of a triangle divides
each of its median in the ratio 2:1 from vertex. ∠ABD = ∠ADB ⇒ ∠ADB = 30°
Given AG = 3 cm. In ΔABD,
⎛ 2⎞ ∠A + ∠ABD + ∠ADB = 180°
∴ GQ = ⎜ ⎟ 3 cm = 6 cm.
⎝ 1⎠ ∠A + 30° + 30° = 180°
∴ AQ = AG + GQ = 9 cm. ∴ ∠A = 120°
But AS = AQ (∵ diagonals bisect each other) ∴ ∠A + ∠C = 120° + 100° = 220°.
∴ AS = 9 cm. 69. Let the angle be x.
SQ = AS + AQ = 9 cm + 9 cm = 18 cm. x + 100° = 180°
67. D C ⇒ x = 80°
∴ The complement of x, i.e., 80° is 10°.
P 70. In triangles ABD and ADC, ∠BAD = ∠DAC.
N
AD is the side common.
If AB = AC, then both the triangles are congruent
A M B by SAS congruency.
AB = BC = 18 cm

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 Chapter Mensuration 31

6 Mensuration

TEST YOUR CONCEPTS

Very Short Answer Type Questions
9×9×9
1. False 13. Number of cubes (x) =
3×3×3
2. True = 3 × 3 × 3 = 27
3. False Hence, the correct option is (c)
1 1
4. True 14. (Base) (Height) = 20 ⇒ (5) (Height) = 20
2 2
5. False
x 1 ⇒ ∴ The height of the triangle = 8 cm.
6. Given × πr 2 = × πr 2
360° 6 Hence, the correct option is (a)
⇒ x = 60° 30° 22 1
15. l = ×2 × × 21 = × 2 × 22 × 3
7. Given 4 a = 16 ⇒ a = 4 cm. 360° 7 12
∴ Area = a2 = 42 = 16 cm2. = 11 cm
Hence, the correct option is (b)
8. Diagonal = 122 + 52 = 144 + 25
16. Given that area of the square = 225 m2.

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
= 169 = 13 cm.
⇒ (side)2 = (15)2
d
9. Area = (h1 + h2 ) ⇒ Side of the square = 15 m.
2
d ∴ Perimeter of the square = 4 × side.
⇒ (9 + 12) = 420 = 4 × 15
2
⇒ d = 40 cm = 60 m.
10. Area of the circle = πr2 Hence, the correct option is (b)
22
= × 72 = 22 × 7 = 154 cm2. 17. Area of the parallelogram = Base × Height
7
11. Volume = S3 Height × 10 = 50

⇒ S3 = 27 Height of the parallelogram = 5 cm.

⇒ S = 3 cm Hence, the correct option is (c)

22
12. Circumference = 2πr = 2 × ×7 = 44 cm.
7
Hence, the correct option is (b)

Short Answer Type Questions

18. Perimeter of square = 4 × Side. 19. Perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (Length + Breadth)

= 4 × 10 = 40 cm. = 2 (9 + 6) = 2 × 15 = 30 cm.

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 32 Chapter 6

20. Area of a rectangle = Length × Breadth 30. Area/of a square = 225 m2.
Area 120 i.e., base area = 225 m2.
∴ Length = = = 20 cm.
Breadth 6
Volume = Area of the base × Height = 225 × 5 =
21. Area of circle = πr2. 1125 m3.
22 22
= × (2.1)2 = × 2.1 ×2.1 31. Area of a square field = a2.
7 7
= 22 × 2.1 × 0.3 = 6.6 × 2.1= 13.86 m2. Given area of square field = 16 hectares = a2.

22. Area of the parallelogram = Base × Height = a2 = 16 × 10000 m2 (1 hectare = 10000 m2)
144 m2. a2 = 160000 m2 ⇒ a = 400 m.
Base × 18 = 144 Perimeter = 4a = 4 × 400 = 1600 m.
Base = 8 cm. Cost of fencing = 1600 × 2 = `3200.
23. Area of a rectangle = Length × Breadth 32. Perimeter = 2(35 + 15) = 2 × 50 = 100 m.
Area 120 Cost of fencing = 100 × 2.50 = `250.
⇒ Breadth = = = 10 m.
Length 12
33. Given volume = 343 cm3 ⇒ a3 = 343
24. Surface area of a cube = 6a2
⇒ a = 7 cm
= 6 × 82 = 6 × 64 = 384 m2.
The total surface area = 6a2 = 6 × 72 = 6 × 49 = 294
25. Volume of a cube = (side)3 = (10)3 = 1000 cm3. cm2.
26. Total surface area of a cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl) 34. Area of the aluminium sheet = Total surface area of
= 2(10 × 7 + 7 × 5 + 5 × 10) the box.
= 2(lb + bh + hl) = 2(4 × 2 + 2 × 1 + 1 × 4)
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

= 2(70 + 35 + 50) = 2 × 155 = 310 m2.

27. Given 6a2 = 726 = 2(8 + 2 + 4)
726 = 2 × 14 = 28 m2.
⇒ a2 =
6 35. Circumference of a circle = 2πr.
⇒ a = 121⇒ a = 11
2 22
Circumference of the wheel = 2 × × 35 = 220
∴ Edge of the cube is 11 m. cm. 7

28. 10 m Number of rotations required to cover a distance

10 m of 33 m
20 m
10 m 3300 300
= = = 15 rotations.
220 20
10 m 30 m 30 m Area of floor
36. Number of tiles required =
Area of a tile
20 m 100 × 20
= = 500
∴ The required perimeter (in m)
2×2

= 20+30+20+10+10+10+10+30 = 140.
Central angle
37. Length of the arc = × 2πr
360°
29. Area of sector of 45o central angle is 1/8 of the
circle. 45° 22
= ×2× × 56
1 1 360° 7
The required percentage = × 100 = 12 %.
8 2 = 44 cm.

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 Mensuration 33

38. Area of the parallelogram = Base × Height 41. Perimeter of a semicircle = πr + 2r

∴ 24 × x = 216 22
= × 14 + 2 × 14 = 44 + 28 = 72 m.
216 7
x= = 9 cm. ∴ The cost of fencing = 72 × 10 = ` 720.
24
1 42. Volumes of the given cubes are 43 and 63
39. Area of trapezium = h(a + b)
2
1 i.e., 64 cm3 and 216 cm3.
100 = h(12 + 8)⇒ 200 = 20 h
2 ∴ The required ratio = 64 : 216
⇒ h = 10 cm = 8 : 27
∴ The distance between parallel sides = 10 cm.
40. Area of left over aluminium sheet = Area of the
rectangular sheet − Area of the square sheet removed
= 9 × 6 − 5 × 5 = 54 − 25 = 29 cm2.

Essay Type Questions

43. Area of the given figure = 4 (20 × 5) + 5 × 5 (r = Inter radius and R = outer radius) =
π [232 – 212]
= 400 + 25 = 425 m2.
π [529 – 441] = 88 π m2
44. In the given figure, a cube of edge 6 m is placed on
a cuboid of dimensions (9 + 6) m, 6 m and 20 m. ⇒ Area of the circular track is 88π m2.
47. Number of cuboids

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
6m 36 16 8
Integer product of × × = 12 × 4 × 4 = 192.
9m 3 4 2
6m 6m 48. Let the height of the cuboid = x cm = Side of the
square.
20 m
Then length = x + 2 and Breadth = x – 2.
Given x2 = 100 ⇒ x = 10 cm = Height of the
cuboid.
∴ The required volume ∴ Length = x + 2 = 10 + 2 = 12 cm and
= + 15 × 6 × 20 = 216 + 1800 = 2016
63 m3. Breadth = x – 2 = 10 – 2 = 8 cm
1 1
45. Area of the rhombus = d1d2 = × 6.5 × 14 Volume of cuboid = Length × Breadth × Height
2 2
= 6.5 × 7= 45.5 cm2. = 12 × 10 × 8 = 960 cm3.
In a rhombus, when the diagonals are drawn, the ∴ Required volume of the cuboid is 960 cm3.
four triangles formed are congruent. 49. The required total surface area = l × b + 2h (l + b)
45.5
∴ The required area = = 11.375 cm2. = 50 × 20 + 2 × 10(50 + 20)
4
22 = 1000 + 1400 = 2400 ft2.
46. Given, 2πr = 132 ⇒2 × × r = 132
7 2400
⇒r = 21 m Number of tiles required = = 600
2×2
∴ R = 21 + 2 = 23. ∴ Cost of fixing tiles = 600 × 15 = ` 9000.
Area of the circular track = π (R2 – r2)

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 34 Chapter 6

50. Area of rhombus = 1/2 × 10 × 8 = 40 cm3. 55.

Given, 40 = x2/10, where x is the side of a square.
6
⇒ x2 = 400
⇒x= 400 = 20 cm. 8
From the figure, area of the inner square = 36 m2.
Perimeter of the square = 4x = 4 × 20 = 80 cm =
0.8 m. The area of the path = 28 m2.
∴ The cost of fencing = 0.8 ×10 = ` 8. ∴ The area of the outer square = 36 + 28 = 64 m2.
51. Required area = Area of the rectangle − Side of the outer square = 8 m.
(Area of ΔPST + Area of ΔRTX) = 28 × 10 Let the width of the path be x m.
⎛1 1 ⎞
− ⎜ × 10 × 8 + × 6 × 20⎟ ⇒ 6 + 2x = 8 m
⎝2 2 ⎠
⇒ 2x = 2
= 280 − (40 + 60) = 180 cm2.
⇒x=1
52. The area of the path = 50 × 2 + 15 × 2 − 2 × 2
∴ The width of the path = 1 m.
= 100 + 30 − 4 = 126 m2.
56. Perimeter of the rectangular field = 2(l + b)
∴ Cost of levelling the path = 126 × 100 = ` 12600.
= 2 (120 +100) = 2 × 220 = 440 m.
Perimeter of the wheel = 2πr
22
=2× × 1.4 = 8.8 m.
7
15 m
Number of rotations that the wheel should make
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

Perimter of the rectangular field

=
Perimeter of the wheel

50 m 440
= = 50
8.8
500 × 300 × 200 57. A minute hand turns 180° in 30 minutes.
53. The number of bricks = = 30000.
20 × 10 × 5
The distance travelled by the tip of the minute
Total cost of the bricks = 30000 × 2.5 = ` 7500.
1
54. After removing the four squares each of side 2 cm hand in 30 minutes = × perimeter of the circle
2
from the four corners, the measurements of the 22
box are = πr = ×7
7
Length = 34 – 4 = 30 cm, = 22 cm.
Breadth = 24 – 4 = 20 cm, 58.
and Height = side of the square = 2 cm.
∴ Volume of the box = 30 × 20 × 2 = 1200.
We know that one litre = 1000 cubic centimetres.
The diagonal of the square of maximum area cut
1200 out of the circle = Diameter of the circle.
Cost of the ice cream = × 90 = ` 108.
1000
∴ Diagonal = 2 × 21 cm = 42 cm.

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 Mensuration 35

Given that area of the trapezium = Area of the

42 × 42 circle
∴ Area of the square = = 882 cm2.
2 πr2 = 616 cm2.
22 22 2
Area of the circle = πr2 = × 21 × 21 = 1386 cm2. ⇒ × r = 616
7 7
∴ The remaining area of the card board = 1386 – 882
616 × 7
⇒ r2 = = 28 × 7
= 504 cm2. 22
h2 ⇒ r = 2 × 7 = 14 cm.
59. ∴ Area of the right isosceles triangle = =
4 62. Volume of the cuboid = (60 – 2 × 5) × (30 – 2 × 5) × 5
961 (given)
2 = 50 × 20 × 5
⎛ h⎞
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ = (31)
2
2 = 5000 cm3.

h2 63. The area of the shaded region = Area of the square

⇒ = 31 – The sum of the areas of two semi circles.
4
∴ h = 62 cm. = Area of the square – Area of the circle.

60. Since the side of the square is 14 cm.

2m
∴ Radius of the circle = 7 cm.
∴ The required area = 142 – π × 72
22
= 196 − ×7×7
7
Given that area of the circle = 154 = 196 – 154 = 42 cm2.

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
⇒πr2 = 154 64. Area of four walls of the class room = 2 × h(l + b)
22 2
⇒ × r = 154 = 2 × 5 × (10 + 8)
7
= 10 × 18
154 × 7
⇒ r2 = =7×7
22 = 180 m2
r=7m Area of the paper required = Area of four walls =
∴ The outer radius (R) of the circular path = 180 m2.
7 + 2 = 9 m.
Area of the paper in m 2
Length of paper =
Width of paper in m
∴ Area of the path = π(R2 – r2) = π(92 – 72)
180
22 = = 180 m.
= 32 × 1
7
22 ∴ The cost of decorating with paper
∴ Cost of levelling the path = 32 × ×7
7 = 180 × 50
= 22 × 32 = ` 9000
= ` 704 65. The lateral surface area = 4 × (side)2
1
61. Area of the trapezium = h (a + b ) Total surface area = 6 × (side)2
2
∴ The required ratio = 4 : 6 = 2 : 3
1
= × 14 (48 + 40)
2
= 7 × 88 = 616 cm2.

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 Chapter
36 Chapter 7

7
Equations and Their
Applications

TEST YOUR CONCEPTS

Very Short Answer Type Questions
x
1. True ⇒ =9
2
2. False x = 18.
3x x
3. False. 14. + ≤4
4 4
4. False
4x
5. True ≤4
4
6. One x ≤ 4.
7. 5m + 18 = 8 1
15. x ≥ 25
5
5m = 8 − 18
125
5m = − 10 ≥ 25
5
m = −2 25 ≥ 25 True
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

x 1 ∴ x = 125 is a solution.
8. +
2 2
16. 2x − 3 = 13
Given, x = 5
2x = 16
5 1 6
+ − =3 x=8
2 2 2
1
9. 0.8x + 9 = 17 17. x + 3 =5
2
0.8x = 8
1
x=5−3
x = 10. 2
10. 10p + q 1
x=1
2
2 1
11. x− x=6 x
3 3 18. −9=1
5
x
=6 x
3 = 10
5
x = 18. x = 50
12. 0.2y + 10.2 > 11 x
19. +1=3
0.2y > 0.8 2
y>4 x
=2
x 2
13. −3=6 x=4
2

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 Equations and Their Applications 37

2 z − 21 ≥ 3z − 57
20. z+6= z −3
5 z − 3z ≥ −57 + 21
2 −2z ≥ −36
6+3= z − z
5
z ≤ 18.
3z
9= Hence, the correct option is (c)
5
z = 15 25. Given, 2x + 3 = 9
Hence, the correct option is (b) ⇒ 2x = 9 − 3
21. 3(4m + 5) − 4(3 − 2 m) = 13 ⇒ 2x = 6
6
12 m + 15 − 12 + 8 m = 13 ⇒x= =3
2
20 m + 3 = 13 Hence, the correct option is (b)
20 m = 10 y
26. Given, − 7 = −4
1 3
m=
2 y
Hence, the correct option is (a) ⇒ = −4 + 7
3
22. 3x + 5 > 7 y
⇒ =3
3x > 7 − 5 3
3x > 2 ⇒y=3×3=9
2 Hence, the correct option is (d)
x> .
3

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
27. Given,
Hence, the correct option is (b)
12x − 7 = 7x − 13
4y
23. − 5 < 10 ⇒ 12x − 7x = −13 + 7
3
4y ⇒ 5x = −.6
< 10 + 5
3 ⇒ x = −6/5 = −1.2.
4y
<5 Hence, the correct option is (a)
3
4y < 45 28. Given, 1.2m + 2.6 = 5
45 ⇒ 1.2m = 5 − 2.6
y<
4 ⇒1.2m = 2.4
Hence, the correct option is (c)
⇒ m = 2.
z
24. − 7 ≥ z − 19 Hence, the correct option is (c)
3
z − 21
≥ z − 19
3

Short Answer Type Questions

29. Let one part be x. 7x = 98

∴ The second part is 6x. x = 14.
x + 6x = 98 ∴ 14 and 84 are the two required parts.

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 38 Chapter 7

30. Let the quantity be x. 36. Let the total distance be x m.

x 5
= 24 x + 240 = x
3 8
x = 3 × 24 5
x − x = 240
x = 72 8
3 3 3x
∴ x= × 72 = 3 × 36 = 108 = 240
2 2 8
31. Let the three consecutive integers be x, x + 1 and x = 640 m
x + 2. ∴Total distance = 640 m.
Given, x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = 24 37. Let the total number of marbles with the boy be x.
3x + 3 = 24 7
x + 20 = x
12
x+1=8
7
x = 7. x − x = 20
12
∴ The smallest number is 7. 12x − 7x
= 20
x x x 12
32. + + = 11
3 6 9 5x
= 20
6x + 3x + 2x 12
= 11
18 x = 48
11x ∴ Total number of marbles = 48.
= 11 ⇒ x = 18
18
38. Let the number be x.
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

33. 0.5y + 0.75y = 125

5x − 25 = 4x
1.25y = 125
5x − 4x = 25
125
y=
1.25 x = 25.
y = 100. 39. Let the number be x.
34. 2.5t + 7.3t = 21.6 − t x x
= +3
4 7
9.8t + t = 21.6
x x
10.8t = 21.6 − =3
4 7
21.6
t= 7x − 4x
10.8 =3
28
216
t= 3x
108 =3
28
t=2
x = 28.
35. Let the length of the pole be x m.
x 5x − 2 4x + 3 3x + 19
∴ Length of green coloured portion = m 40. + =
3 3 2 2
1 ⎛ x⎞
⎜ ⎟ = 2m 2 (5x − 2) + 2 (4x + 3) 3x + 19
3 ⎝ 3⎠ =
6 2
x=2×9
10x − 4 + 12x + 9 3x + 19
x = 18 m. =
6 2
∴ Length of the pole = 18 m. (22x + 5)2 = (3x + 19)6

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 Equations and Their Applications 39

44x + 10 = 18x + 114 ⇒−z = −12

44x − 18x = 114 − 10 ⇒ z = 12
26x = 104 y+2 y+3
45. Given, + = y +1
104 3 2
x=
26 2 ( y + 2) + 3 ( y + 3)
x = 4. ⇒ = y +1
6
41. 0.3(3y − 4.5) + 2.9(5.5 − 5y) = 1 ⇒2y + 4 + 3y + 9 = 6(y + 1) = 6y + 6
0.9y − 1.35 + 15.95 − 14.5y = 1 ⇒ 5y − 6y = 6 − 13
−13.6y + 14.6 = 1 ⇒ −y = −7
−13.6y = 1 − 14.6 ⇒y=7
−13.6y = −13.6 2n + 3
46. Given, =1
y = 1. 6n − 5
9m + 4 27m + 1 1 ⇒2n + 3 = 6n − 5
42. − − =0
5 8 2 ⇒ 2n − 6n = −5 − 3
9m + 4 27m + 1 1 8
− = 4n = −8 ⇒ n = = 2
5 8 2 4
8 (9m + 4) 27m + 1 1 47. Given, 2(k +3) + 3(k − 4) = 24
− =
5 8 2 ⇒ 2k + 6 + 3k − 12 = 24
8 (9m + 4) − 5 (27m + 1) 1
= ⇒ 5k − 6 = 24
40 2

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
⇒ 5k = 24 + 6
72m + 32 − 135m − 5 1
= 30
40 2 ⇒k = =6
5
1
27 − 63m = × 40 48. Let the number be x.
2
x x
27 − 63m = 20 ∴ = +5
5 10
63m = 7 x x
⇒ − =5
m = 1/9 5 10
2x − x
43. 2m + 5 > 9 − 4m = 5 ⇒ x = 50
10
2m + 4m > 9 − 5 49. Let the number be x.
6m > 4 x
∴ 2x + = 250
4 2
m>
6 4x + x
⇒ = 250
2 2
m>
3 ⇒5x = 500 ⇒ x = 100
∴ All rational numbers greater than 2/3 are the x 100
∴ One-tenth of the number = = = 10.
solutions. 10 10
50. Given, 8x + 4 ≤ 20
z z z
44. − − = −1 ⇒ 8x ≤ 16
2 3 4
6z − 4z − 3z ⇒ x ≤ 2, but x ∈ N
⇒ = −1
12 ∴ x = 1, 2.

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 40 Chapter 7

Essay Type Questions

x + 25 − 82 x + 125
51. Let the present age be x years. =
2 5
5 years ago, his age was (x − 5) years.
5(x + 17) = 2(x + 125)
x
Given x − 5 = 5x + 85 = 2x + 250
2
2x − 10 = x 3x = 250 − 85
2x − x = 10 3x = 165
x = 10. x = 55.
∴ His present age = 10 years. ∴ Sudha’s age = 55 years.
52. Let the present age of B be x years. ∴ Daughter’s (Shobha’s) present age = 1/5 × 55 =
∴ Present age of A = 2x. 11 years.
x + 2x = 33 years 56. Let the units digit be x.
3x = 33 Ten’s digit = 2x + 1
∴ x = 11 years. Sum of the digits = 2x + 1 + x = 3x + 1
A’s present age = 2x = 2 × 11 = 22 years. Original number = 10(2x + 1) + x
53. Let the ten’s digit be x Number formed by reversing the digits = 10x +
(2x + 1)
⇒ Units digit = 2x.
Given that 10x + (2x + 1) − 36 = 3x + 1
The number is 10x + 2x = 12x.
12x − 35 = 3x + 1
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

Number formed by reversing the digits = 10(2x) +

x = 21x. 12x − 3x = 36 ⇒x = 4
Given that, 21x − 12x = 18 Ten’s digit = 2 × 4 + 1 = 9.
9x = 18 ∴ The product of the digits = 9 × 4 = 36.
x = 2. 57. Let the present age of the person be x years.
∴ The original number is 12 × 2 = 24. x + 15 = 2(x − 6) ⇒ x = 27.
54. Let the present age of a man be x years. ∴ Present age of the man is 27 years.
3 58. Let the units digit be x.
x − 30 = x
5
Sum of the digits = x + 5.
5x − 150 = 3x
∴ Ten’s digit = 5.
5x − 3x = 150
Original number = 10(5) + x = 50 + x.
2x = 150
Number formed by reversing the digits = 10x + 5.
x = 75 years.
Given that, x + 50 − (x + 5) = (10 + 5) + 10
55. Let the present age of Sudha be x years.
x 30 = 10x
∴ Present age of Shobha =
5 x = 3.
x + 25 x + 125 ∴ The original number = 53.
Given that −4=
2 5 ∴ Difference between the digits = 5 − 3 = 2.

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 Equations and Their Applications 41

4t 5 t 3 ⇒ −2x > 2 ⇒ −x > 1

59. − < + ; t ∈Q
5 3 4 2 ⇒ x < −1.
12t − 25 t + 6 63. Let the tens digit be x.
< ;
15 4
∴ Units digit = (9 − x).
(12t − 25) 4 < (t + 6) 15
∴ The number = 10x + 9 − x = 9x + 9.
48t − 100 < 15t + 90
Given,
48t − 15t < 90 + 100
(9x + 9) − 9 = 10(9 − x) +x
33t < 190
9x = 90 − 9x
190
t< ⇒ 18x = 90 ⇒ x = 5
33
190
∴ All rational numbers less than are the ∴ Tens digit = 5
solutions. 33
Units digit = 9 − 5 = 4.
6a
60. 8a − 7 < + 27 The product of the digits = 5(4) = 20.
5
6a 64. Let the number of `1 coins and 25 paise coins be
8a − < 27 + 7 x and y, respectively.
5
40a − 6a x(1) + y(1/4) = x + y − 6
< 34
5 4x + y
= x+y−6
34a 4
< 34 ⇒4x + y = 4x + 4y − 24
5
a<5 ⇒ 3y = 24

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
∴ All rational numbers less than 5 are the solutions. ⇒ y = 8.
14y 3 20y 83 65. Total money = ` x.
61. + ≤ − ; y ∈Z
3 2 3 4 x
The share of Bilhari = ` .
14y 20y −83 3 4
− ≤ −
3 3 4 2 1 x x
The share of Murahari = (` x − ` ) = ` .
−6y −89 3 4 4
≤
3 4 The share of Narahari = ` 1200.
89 x x
Y≥ ∴ + + 1200 = x
8 4 4
1 x x
y ≥ 11 ⇒ x − − = 1200
8 4 4
Since y ∈ Z, any integer ≥ 12 is a solution. x
⇒ = 1200 ⇒ x = 2400.
62. 2x − 5 > 4x − 3 2

⇒ 2x − 4x > −3 + 5

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 Chapter
42 Chapter 8

8 Formulae

TEST YOUR CONCEPTS

Very Short Answer Type Questions
(100 − l )c
1. True 16. Given S = .
100
2. False
As there are two variables (l and c) on the RHS of
3. False the formula, then two auxiliary formulae can be
4. True derived.

5. True Hence, the correct option is (c)

6. 36 17. Given v = lbh

7. 3 Dividing on both the sides with lh, we get,

V V
⎛ 3x ⎞ =b⇒b= .
8. ` ⎜ ⎟ lh lh
⎝ 2⎠
Hence, the correct option is (a)
9. 6π cm2
18. 5 times b is 5b, six times a is 6a. They are added,
10. Auxiliary formulae i.e., 5b + 6a, the result is c ⇒ 5b + 6a = c.
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

11. A = 6s2 ∴ The symbolic form of the given statement is 5b

dd + 6a = c.
12. A = 1 2
2
Hence, the correct option is (a)
PTR
13. I = 19. A variable standing alone on the LHS of a formula
100
is called the subject of the formula.
14. Given P = S − C.
Given A = 2h(l + b).
Profit is equal to the difference of selling price and
cost price. The subject is A.
36 Hence, the correct option is (d)
15. Given P = r.
7
20. A variable standing alone on the left side of an
Perimeter of the semi-circular region is equal to equation is called the subject of the formula.
⎛ 36 ⎞
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ times it radius. Hence, the correct option is (b)
7

Short Answer Type Questions

21. Given V = s3 and V = 216 cm3. s3 = 63 ⇒ s = 6 cm.

⇒ s3 = V 22. Given ∠P + ∠Q + ∠R + ∠S = 360°
s3 = 216 ⇒ ∠S = 360° − (∠P + ∠Q + ∠R)
s3 =23 × 33 ⇒ ∠S = 360° − (100° + 100° + 100°) (given)
s3 = (2 × 3)3 ⇒ ∠S = 60°

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 Formulae 43

23. Given P = πr + 2r T
I
= ⎛⎜ 1 +
R ⎞
−1
And P = 36 cm P ⎝ 100 ⎟⎠
⇒ 36 = (π + 2)r T
I ⎛ R ⎞
⎛ 22 ⎞ + 1 = ⎜1 + ⎟
⇒ 36 = ⎜ + 2⎟ r P ⎝ 100 ⎠
⎝ 7 ⎠
1
⎛ 36 ⎞ ⎛I ⎞T R
⇒ 36 = ⎜ ⎟ r
⎝ 7⎠ ⎜⎝ + 1⎟⎠ = 1 + 100
P
⇒ r = 7 cm. ⎡ 1 ⎤
⎛ I ⎞
R = ⎜ + 1⎟ − 1⎥ 100.
⎢ T
24. Given A = c(a − b) ⎢⎝ P ⎥
⎠
A ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
⇒ =a−b
c
⎡ 1 ⎤
⎛ A⎞ ⎢ ⎛ 662 ⎞
+ 1 − 1⎥ 100
3
⇒ ⎜ ⎟ +b=a 29. R = ⎜
⎝ c⎠ ⎢⎝ 2000 ⎟⎠ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
⎛ A⎞
⇒a= ⎜ ⎟ +b ⎛ 1 ⎞
⎝ c⎠
⎛ 2662 ⎞ 3
= ⎜⎜ ⎟ − 1⎟ 100
V ⎜ ⎝ 2000 ⎠ ⎟
25. Given h = , h = 5 cm and V = 60 cm3. ⎝ ⎠
A
60 ⎡ 1 ⎤
⎢ ⎛ 1331 ⎞
⇒5= − 1⎥ 100
3
= ⎜
A ⎢⎝ 1000 ⎟⎠ ⎥
⇒ A(5) = 60 ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
60 ⎡ 1 ⎤
⇒A= = 12 cm2.
⎢⎛ ⎛ 11 ⎞ ⎞ 3
3
5 ⎥
= ⎢⎜ ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ − 1⎥ 100
⎝ ⎠
26. From the given data, x + y + z + z + y + x = 720 ⎢⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎥
⎣ ⎦
2(x + y + z) = 720°
⎛ 1⎞
⇒ x + y + z = 360° = ⎜ ⎟ 100 = 10.
⎝ 10 ⎠
⇒ z = 360° − (x + y).
C F − 32
27. Given k = a + bc 30. =
100 180
⇒ k − a = bc 1.8C = F − 32
k−a
⇒ =c F = 1.8C + 32.
b
k−a If F = 2.2 C, then
⇒c = .
b 2.2C = 1.8C + 32
⎡⎛ R ⎞
T ⎤ 0.4 C = 32
28. I = P ⎢⎜ 1 + ⎟ − 1⎥
⎢⎣⎝ 100 ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⇒ C = 80.

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 44 Chapter 8

Essay Type Questions

3a 2
31. Given, A = π(R2 − r2). 34. Given, A =
4
Making R as the subject of the formula: Making ‘a’ as the subject of the formula:
A 4A
⇒ = R2 − r2; 4A = 3 a2; ⇒ a2 =
π
3
A 4A
⇒ + r2 = R2 ⇒a=
π 3
A 2
⇒R= +r
π 4 × 64 3
⇒a= (given, A = 64 3 )
Making r as the subject of the formula: 3
A ⇒ a = 16 cm.
⇒ = R2 − r2;
π x +y a+b
A 35. Given, =
⇒ r2 = R2 − x −y a −b
π
Making y as the subject of the formula:
A
⇒r= R2 −
π ⇒ (x + y) (a − b) = (x − y) (a + b)
100S ⇒ x (a − b) + y(a − b) = x(a + b) − y(a + b)
32. Given, C = .
100 + g ⇒ y(a − b) + y(a + b) = x(a + b) − x(a − b)
Making g as the subject of the formula: ⇒ y(2a) = x(2b)
⇒ (100 + g) C = 100S bx
⇒y= .
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

100S 100S a
⇒ 100 + g = ⇒g= − 100
C C 36. Given,

⎛S −C⎞ X 1 2 5 7 8
⇒ g = 100 ⎜
⎝ C ⎟⎠ Y 1 4 25 49 64
From the given table, Y is square of X
⎛ 450 − 400 ⎞
⇒ g = 100 ⎜ (given, S = 450 and C = 400)
⎝ 400 ⎟⎠ i.e., Y = X2.

1 37. Given
⇒ g = 12 %.
2 a 25° 34° 75° 4° 89° 85°
π r 2h b 65° 56° 15° 86° 1° 5°
33. Given, V = .
3 From the given table, a and b are complementary
Making r as the subject of the formula: angles.
3V ∴ a + b = 90°
⇒ 3V = πr2h; ⇒ r2 =
πh ⇒ a = 90° − b.
3V
⇒r= ; 38. Given
πh
X 1 2 1 2 3
3 × 27π Y 1 2 2 1 4
⇒r= (given, V = 27 and h = 4)
π ×4
Z 5 2 2 5 5 5
⇒ r = 4.5 cm.

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 Formulae 45

From the given table, X2 + Y2 = Z2 42. From the given table,

⇒Z= X2 +Y2 . b ⇒ 2 = 1(1 + 1)

1 ⇒ 6 = 2(2 + 1)
39. Given (x + a)2 = x2 + 1 +
4x 2 ⇒ 12 = 3(3 + 1) …
2
⎛ 1⎞ b = a(a + 1)
⇒ (x + a)2 = x2 + 1 + ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2x ⎠
x +y a+b
2 43. Given =
1 ⎛ 1⎞ z c
⇒ (x + a)2 = x2 + 2 × x × + ⎜ ⎟
2x ⎝ 2x ⎠
2 ⇒x+y=
(a + b ) z
⎛ 1⎞ c
⇒ (x + a)2 = ⎜ x + ⎟
⎝ 2x ⎠
⇒y=
(a + b ) z − x
1
⇒a= . c
2x
1 2
40. From the given data; 44. d = u t + at
2
x N x N 1
+7= ⇒ = −7 50 t = 20 t + (10) t2
10 3 10 3 2
⎛N ⎞ 5 t (6 – t) = 0
⇒ x = ⎜ − 7⎟ 10
⎝3 ⎠ t(6 – t) = 0
41. A = c(a2 + b2) t>0
A ∴t≠0
⇒ a2 + b2 =
c ∴ 6 – t = 0, i.e., t = 6.

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
A 45. From the given table, we have
⇒ a2 = − b2
c
22 + 1 = 5, 32 + 1 = 10, 42 + 1 = 17 and 52 + 1 =
A 26.
⇒ a= − b2
c ∴ The relation between x and y is y = x2 + 1.

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 Chapter
46 Chapter 9

9 Statistics

TEST YOUR CONCEPTS

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. 81 − 9 ≠ 73: False 19. In an experiment, if the chances of occurrence of

50 an event is equal to the chances of occurrence of
2. = 10 ∴ True other event, then the outcomes are called equally
5
likely events.
3. True.
20. Total possible cases are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
4. False
The favourable cases are 2, 4 or 6.
5. True
20 + 40 + 35 + 42 + 45 182 ∴ The required probability = 3/6 = 1/2.
6. Mean = = = 36.4.
5 5 21. An observation which occurs more frequently
240 than the other observations in a data is called mode
7. The central angle of a component = × 360° of the data.
720
= 120°. 22. Central angle of a component
Component value
8. The value of the bar = 5.2 × 80 = 416 units. = × 360°.
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

Total value of the components

9. Range = 20 − 9 = 11
95 23. Pictograph, bar graph, double bar graph, line
10. Mean = = 9.5 graph and pie charts are some of the graphs repre-
10
senting the data.
11. 1 picture = 80 cars
240 24. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are the outcomes of a dice.
240 cars = = 3 pictures
80 25. For 2005:
12. 13, 12, 12, 14, 13, 15, 16, 18 Difference = (6.6 − 5.7) × 1000 = 900.
D.O: 18, 16, 15, 14, 13, 13, 12 For 2006:
Middle most value is 14. Difference = (7.3 − 6.5) × 1000 = 800.
3 1
13. = For 2007:
6 2
Difference = (8.1 − 6.6) × 1000 = 1500.
1
14. For 2008:
2
15. 1 Difference = (10 − 8.2) × 1000 = 1800.
16. Mean, Median and Mode are called measures of ∴ Choice (b) follows.
central tendency or representative values of a data. Hence, the correct option is (b)
17. Median 26. Total number of vehicles sold in the year 2005 and
18. The number of times an observation occurs in the 2006 is (6.6 + 5.7 + 7.3 + 6.5) 1000 = 26100
data is called frequency of the observation. Hence, the correct option is (a)

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 Statistics 47

27. From the solution of Q. 1., required maximum ∴ g = 150.

difference = 1800.
Hence, the correct options is (c)
Hence, the correct options is (c) 56 + 73
34. Median = = 64.5
28. Total number of scooters sold in the four years 2
Hence, the correct options is (a)
= (6.6 + 7.3 + 8.1 + 10) 1000 = 32000.
4 1
Hence, the correct options is (d) 35. The required probability = =
20 5
29. Required ratio is (13.8) 1000 : (18..2) 1000 Hence, the correct options is (c)
= 69 : 91. 36. The given data is 35, 25, 26, 33, 31, x and 30.
Hence, the correct options is (b) Mode = 26.
30. There are 5 even numbered cards. Since mode is given as 26, then x must take the
5 1 value of 26.
∴ The required probability = = .
10 2 Hence, the correct options is (b)
Hence, the correct options is (d)
37. Arranging the given data in ascending order 18,
31. The given observations in ascending order are 45, 25, 26, 31, 38, 42, 43 since n = 7.
46, 47, 48, 48, 48, 49, 49, 51 and 51.
The median is the 4th observation.
∴ 45, 46 and 47 occur once while 49, 51 occur
twice. But 48 occurs thrice. ∴ Median = 31.

∴ Mode = 48. Hence, the correct options is (a)

Hence, the correct options is (d) 38. Sum of 20 observations = 500

500
Mean of 20 observations = = 25.

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
32. Favourable cases = {2}
20
Sample space = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Hence, the correct options is (c)
1
∴ The required probability = . 39. Total slips are 100, i.e., 1 to 100.
6
Hence, the correct options is (a) Let the favourable case be x.
x 1
33. Let the greatest observation be g. Probability = = given ⇒ x = 50.
100 2
Range = g − 90 = 60 Hence, the correct options is (d)

Short Answer Type Questions

The sum of the observations 42.

40. Mean =
The number of the observations
Observations Frequency
4 + 6 + 9 + 7 + 4 30 6 1
= = =6
5 5 7 3
41. The given observations are 9, 12, 11, 10, 8, 9 and 8 1
11. 9 2
Ascending order: 8, 9, 9, 10, 11, 11, 12 10 2
Median is 10. 11 1

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 48 Chapter 9

7 is the observation that occurs most frequently If one observation 54 is deleted, then the sum of
among the other observations. the remaining observations = 450 − 54 = 396.
∴ Mode = 7. n = 10 −1 = 9.
43. Range = Highest score − Lowest score = 41 − 13 396
New mean = = 44.
9
= 28.
4+x+y
44. When a coin is flipped, there are two equally likely 50. Given, =6
3
outcomes either heads or tails.
x+y=6×3−4
1
∴ The probability of occurrence of heads is . x + y = 14
2
45. The various observations or components are rep- x + y + 10 14 + 10
= =8
resented by the sectors of a circle and the whole 3 3
circle represents the sum of the values of all the
components. This diagram is called a pie chart. 51. Given, 1 cm = 4x units.

46. The given observations (mars) are: 1.25 cm = 1000 units

1000
40, 20, 24, 19, 20, 35, 12, 48, 29, 40, 45, 48, 42, 1 cm = units
1.25
23 and 35
The sum of the scores 1 cm = 800 units ⇒ 4x = 800 ⇒ x = 200.
Average mark = 108°
The number of scores 52. Percentage of the required component = × 100%
360°
480
= = 32 = 30%.
15
53. Given, mean = 5
47. 120, 126, 132.41, 121.52, 120.35, 132, 125
2+3+x +7+8
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

Ascending Order: 120, 120.35, 121.52, 125, =x

5
126, 132 132.41 ⇒ 4x = 20
125 is the median height (Middle Most Value). ⇒x=5
48. 54. Given, ratio of income and expenditure = 9 : 5

Observations Frequency ∴ The ratio of income and savings = 9 : 4.

20 2 4
∴ The required central angle is × 360° = 160°.
21 1 9
55. 430 units is equivalent to a bar of length 8.6 cm.
22 2
8.6
23 2 ∴ 340 units is equivalent to a bar of length
430
x 1 (340 cm), i.e., 6.8 cm.

Mode of the data is 22. In the given data, 23, 22 56.

and 20 are repeated equal number of times (i.e., 2).
Observations Frequency
Since mode is 22, x must be 22.
2 1
49. Mean =
∑x = 45 4 2
n 6 3
∑x = 45 7 2
10 8 1
∑ x = 45 × 10 6 has the highest frequency.
∑ x = 450 ∴ The mode = 6.

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 Statistics 49

57. Given that the mean height of 30 students = 150 cm. ⇒36 + x = 7x
∴ The total height of 30 students ⇒ 6x = 36
= (150 cm) 30 = 4500 cm. ⇒ x = 6.
If 150 cm tall student is included in the group, the 59. The perfect squares among the natural numbers
total height of 31 students = 4500 + 150 = 4650 cm. from 1 to 20 are 1, 4, 9 and 16.
4650 4 1
∴ The mean height of 31 students = ∴ The required probability = = .
31 20 5
= 150 cm. 60. Mean
7 + 8 + 10 + 13 + 17 + 23 + 30 + 38 + 47 + 57
58. Given that =
10
2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 8 + 14 + x
=x 250
7 = = 25
10

Essay Type Questions

61.
S.NO. Component Value of the Degree of the
component (in `) component
3600
1 Food 3600 × 360° = 120°
10800
2400
2 Education 2400 × 360° = 80°

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
10800
2100
3 Rent 2100 × 360° = 70°
10800
1200
4 Clothing 1200 × 360° = 40°
10800
1500
5 Savings 1500 × 360° = 50°
10800
Total 10800 360°
62.
S.NO. Component Value of the Height of the bar (in cm)
component (in `) (scale: 1 cm = `500)
3600
1 Food 3600 = 7.2 cm
500
2400
2 Education 2400 = 4.8 cm
500
2100
3 Rent 2100 = 4.2 cm
500
1200
4 Clothing 1200 = 2.4 cm
500
1500
5 Savings 1500 = 3 cm
500

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 50 Chapter 9

63. Scale: On y-axis, 1 cm = 10 units.

100 Bargraph
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
TELUGU HINDI ENGLISH MATHS SCIENCE SOCIAL
64. Scale: On x-axis, 1 cm = 10 units.
Y
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

10
0 X
UT-1 UT-2 QUARTERLY UT- 3 HALFYEARLY UT-4 ANNUAL
65.

S.NO. Game Number Central angle

of
students
35 Badminton
1 Football 35 × 360° = 52.5°
240
30
Cricket
2 Badminton 30 × 360° = 45° Footbal l
240
80
3 Cricket 80 × 360° = 120°
240
40
4 Volleyball 40 × 360° = 60°
240 Volleyball Hockey
55
5 Hockey 55 × 360° = 82.5°
240
6 Total 240 360°

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 Statistics 51

66.
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
JAN FEB MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEP OCT NOVE DEC

108°
67. The percentage that A forms of the total value of all components = (100)% = 30%.
360°
81°
The percentage that B form of the total value of all components = (100)% = 22.5%.
360°
The required difference = 30% − 22.5% = 7.5 percentage points.

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

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 Chapter
52 Chapter 10

10 Set Theory

TEST YOUR CONCEPTS

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. True There is no even prime number more than 2,

2. True ∴ {x/x is an even prime numbers more than 2} is
a null set.
3. False
Hence, the correct option is (d)
4. False
17. n(A) = The number of distinct elements in A.
5. True
=5
6. Two sets having no element in common are called
disjoint sets. Hence, the correct option is (d)
7. The set of whole numbers is an infinite set. 18. A = {x: x + 10 = 10} ⇒ x + 10 = 10 ⇒ x = 0
8. n (X) = 5 ∴ A = {0} ⇒ n(A) = 1.
9. Number of proper subsets of a set having n Hence, the correct option is (b)
elements
19. A = {a, b, c}, X = {x, y, z}
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

= 2n – 1 = 24 – 1 = 15.
A ∩ X = ϕ, since there are no common elements.
10. The number of subsets = 23 - 1 = 7
Hence, the correct option is (c)
11. Given collection is not a set, since given collection
20. Since e is an element of x.
is not well defined.
∴e∈X
12. Given collection is not a set, since given collection
is not well defined. Hence, the correct option is (a)

13. Given collection is not a set, since given collection 21. Since {a, e} is an element of y
is not well defined. ∴ {a, e} ∈ y.
14. Given collection is a set. Hence, the correct option is (b)
15. A set contains 2 elements 22. E = {1, 2, 4, 8}
The number of proper subsets of the given set = F = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16}
22 – 1 G = {1, 13}
= 4 – 1 = 3. ⇒E⊂F
Hence, the correct option is (b) Hence, the correct option is (c)
16. {1} contains one element i.e., 1. 23. {T, H, E}
{f} contains one element i.e., ϕ. Hence, the correct option is (c)
{x/x is a composite number less than 5} = {4} 24. n(A ∩ B) = 20 + 30 – 45 = 5.
contains only one element, i.e., 4.
Hence, the correct option is (a)

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 Set Theory 53

25. A – B = {o, u} 27. A = {Μ, O, N, R, C, K} is the set containing the

letters of the word “ΜOONROCK”
∴ n(A – B) = 2.
∴ n(A) = 6.
Hence, the correct options is (c)
Hence, the correct options is (b)
26. n(P(A)) = 2n(A) = 23 = 8.
28. n(A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∪ B)
Hence, the correct options is (b)
Hence, the correct options is (d)

Short Answer Type Questions

29. Let W be the women prime ministers of India. 37. Let A = {x, y, z}
∴ W = {Smt. Indira Gandhi} ∴ All possible subsets of A are:
So far India had only one woman prime minister, {x}, {y}, {z}, {x, y}, {x, z}, {y, z}, {x, y, z}, ϕ.
n(W) = 1 38. Let B = {p, q}
30. W = {x : x is a woman prime minister of India} ∴ All possible subsets of B are {p}, {q}, {p, q},and ϕ.
31. Let P be the set containing the letters of the word 39. Let A = {0, –1, 1}
MATHEMATICS.
∴ All possible proper subsets of A are f, {0}, {–1},
∴ P = {M, A, T, H, E, I, C, S} {1}, {0, –1}, {0, 1} and {–1, 1}.
∴ n (a) = 8 ⎧ −1 1 ⎫
40. Let B = ⎨ , ⎬
32. Let P be the set containing the letters of the word ⎩ 2 2⎭
STATISTICS. ⎧ −1⎫

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N
∴ All possible proper subsets of B are ϕ, ⎨ ⎬ and
∴ P = {S, T, A, I, C} ⎩2⎭
⎧1⎫
⎨ ⎬ .
Let B be the set containing the letters of the word ⎩2⎭
ARITHMETIC. 41. From the given data,
∴ B = {A, R, I, T, H, M, E, C} A = {3, 6, 9} and B = {5, 10}
∴ A – B = {S} and B – A = {R, H, M, E} ⇒ n (A) = 3 and n (B) = 2
33. If A ∩ B = ϕ, then A and B are called disjoint sets. Now, n (A) – n (B) = 3 – 2 = 1.
Example: A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} and B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 42. n(A ∪ B’ ) = n(A ∩ B)’ = 120
9}
n(μ) = 200
Here, A ∩ B = ϕ ⇒ A and B are disjoint sets.
∴ n(A ∩ B) = n(μ) - n(A ∩ B)’ = 80.
34. A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, ---------, 98}
43. Given, X = {x : x = n2 + 2n + 1, n ∈ N and n <
B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, ----- 99} 10} clearly, x = (n + 1)2 .
∴ Universal set consisting all above sets is μ = {1, X = {4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100}
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 --------, 99}
44. Number of proper subsets of a set with cardinal
35. A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ……. 99} number n = 2n – 1.
= {x : x is a natural number and x < 100} Given 2n – 1 = 255,
36. K ′ = N – K = N = {1, 2, 3, 4….} K = {2} {1, 3, 4, 2n = 256
5, 7, 8, 9…..}, i.e., K’ = {x : x is a natural number 2n = 28
and x ≠ 2}.
Equating exponents of 2, both sides, we get n = 8.

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 54 Chapter 10

45. A = {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25} and B = {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25} 50. N = {a, b, c............z} ⇒ n(N) = 26.
⇒A=B
If a set has ‘n’ elements, then the number of all pos-
∴ A ∩ B = {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25}. sible subsets = 2n
46. A = B = 226.
⇒ ∴ A ∪ B = {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25}. 51. Given, n(A) = 20, n(A ∩ B) = 10 and n(A ∪ B) =
70.
47. A – B = {2, 11} and B – A = {1, 9}
n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ B)
48. U = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}
70 = 20 + n(B) – 10
C = {4, 6, 8, 10, 12}
⇒ n(B) = 60
C’ = U – C = {5, 7, 9, 11}.
52. X = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
49. O = {1} contains only one element, i.e., 1.
Y = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
If a set has ‘n’ elements, then the number of all pos-
sible subsets is 2n – 1. X – Y = {0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9}.
The number of proper subsets = 21 – 1 = 1.

Essay Type Questions

53. (a) P ∪ Q = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} The number of those who like neither tea nor cof-
fee = 3x.
(b) P ∩ Q = {4, 5}
The number of those who like both tea and coffee
(c) (P ∩ Q)’ = {1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
= 4x.
14, 15}
H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

The number of persons in the group = x + 2x +

54. A’ = {j, k, l, m} B’ = {f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m} and C’ =
3x + 4x = 10x.
{c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m}
Given, 10x = 100 ⇒ x = 10.
(a) A’ ∪ B’ = {f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m}
The required number of persons = 4x = 40.
(b) B’ ∩ C’ = {f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m}
58. Number of students who could have failed in both
(c) C’ – A’ = {c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m} – {j, k, l,
subjects will be maximum when the number of
m}
students who passed in either subject (at least one
= {c, d, e, f, g, h, i} subject) is minimum.
55. n(μ) = 36, n(V) = 18, n(H) = 12 ∴ Minimum number of students who could have
n(V’ ∩ H’) = 14 passed in either of the subjects = 30.

n(V ∪ H) = n(μ) – n(V’ ∩ H’) = 22 (∵ This happens when all those who passed in
Biology also passed in Physics)
n(V) + n(H) = n(V ∪ H) + n(V ∩ H)
∴ The required number of students = 60 – 30 =
18 + 12 = 22 + n(V ∩ H) 30.
N(V ∩ H) = 8 59. P – Q = {a, b, c, d}
56. n(V’) = n(μ) – n(V) = 36 – 18 = 18 Q – P = {e, f, g}
n(H1) = n(μ) - n(H) = 36 - 12 = 24 ⇒ n(P – Q) = 4 and n(Q – P) = 3
57. Let the number of persons who like only tea = x. ∴ n(P – Q) + n(Q – P) = 4 + 3 = 7.
The number of those who like only coffee = 2x.

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 Set Theory 55

60. 61.

n(A) = 90 n( μ) = 150
n(H ) = 40 n(E) = 70 n(C)

70
15

40

Given, n(A) = 90, n(A ∩ B) = 70

Given, n(H) = 40, n(H ∩ E) = 15 and n(H ∪ E)
= 70 and n(A ∪ B) = 150 – 40 = 110

n(H ∪ E) = n(H) + n(E) – n(H ∩ E) n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ B)

70 = 40 + n(E) – 15 110 = 90 + n(B) – 70

⇒ n(E) = 45. ⇒ n(B) = 90

∴ The number of children who play only carrom
= 90 – 70 = 20.

H I N T S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N

IIT_Maths 7_Hints_And_Explanation_Final_Test your concepts.indd 55 4/17/2018 12:10:32 PM