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UCSP Powerpoint 1

In ancient Greece before being conquered by Macedonia, citizens actively participated in direct democracy and rule. However, Plato criticized Athenian democracy and taught that only philosophers were fit to rule as a "philosopher-king". Aristotle also criticized direct democracy and favored a mixed government. Some philosophers like Skeptics and Epicureans rejected participation in the state, believing individuals could attain goals without the state. Stoics accepted any rule, while some rebellious Stoics would fight for conscience even if it meant harm or death. Overall, philosophies varied but proved active thinking and participation in Athens at the time.

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107 views21 pages

UCSP Powerpoint 1

In ancient Greece before being conquered by Macedonia, citizens actively participated in direct democracy and rule. However, Plato criticized Athenian democracy and taught that only philosophers were fit to rule as a "philosopher-king". Aristotle also criticized direct democracy and favored a mixed government. Some philosophers like Skeptics and Epicureans rejected participation in the state, believing individuals could attain goals without the state. Stoics accepted any rule, while some rebellious Stoics would fight for conscience even if it meant harm or death. Overall, philosophies varied but proved active thinking and participation in Athens at the time.

Uploaded by

Jefford Vinson Valdehueza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

I

HOPE
YOU
WILL
LISTEN..
Understanding
Culture, Society and
Politics
CHAPTER 1
ACTIVE PARTICIPATION

In ancient Greece, before the


city-states were conquered by
the Macedonian Empire, the
prevalent attitude towards the
state was active involvement
and direct rule by citizens.


Plato ( 427-347 B.C.), the teacher of
Aristotle, criticized Athenian
democracy and taught his disciples
that statesmanship was an
occupation not meant for just
anyone.

What is the implication of this Platonic idea
in today's democracy?
v There is indeed, active participation of the
Platonic state, but it is one of actively
performing the role assigned to each one by the
state. The role making decisions for everyone is
monopolized by the ruler and Plato would have
liked this ruler to be a philosopher-king.
How could it be assured that
good laws were made and
obeyed ?
 Thus solution was turn around
from the rule of law, for he
recommended a nocturnal
council that could serve as
watchdog, 24 hours a day, to
see to it that good laws are
made and obeyed.

Aristotle, a student of Plato, was concerned about
rule of law. . He recognized that depending on that
social make up of the city-state.

 Its government could be the


rule of a king.
Ø The rule of the few nobles.

Ø The rule of the many who are poor .


v Aristotle, like Plato, criticized the
participatory, direct democracy of Athens.
 He did not endorse the system of each male citizen
having a chance to rule.
 He also favored a polity, or a mixed government,
where there were elements of monarchy,
aristocracy, and democracy.

• Aristotle believed that the guests, not the cook, were the
best judges of the food.
•
• The main point, however, is that the fact that Athens is
the homeland of such varied and anti-establishment
philosophies proves that there was active thinking,
teaching, and participation by these philosophers and
their disciples, as well as detractors.
Quiet Participation
A small minority in the time of the city-states rejected
participation in the state. These were the Skeptics or
Epicureans, who believed that affairs to the state
were not their business and not worth their attention.
 Believed so much in the rationality and morality

cs
of individual as individual that they rejected the

i
yn need for the state. The wise human being, could
eC
attain his goal without the state, only fools
Th

needed the state. ( Sabine 1961, 129-38 ).



 The best kind of government was
monarchy because they did not have
to participate. Only the monarch had
to bother other keeping order in the
society ( Sabine 1961, 129-38).

The STOICS, were indifferent
towards the state.

  A member of a school of philosophy founded by


Zeno of Citium about 300 B.C. holding that the
wise man should be free from passion, unmoved
by joy or grief, and submissive to natural law .
* Stoics were of two kinds:
-accepted any kind of rule, even a tyrannical one.
The Rebellious type

would fight for what is conscience dictated,


even if it meant physical harm, even death.

* Skepticism, cynicism, and stoicism
became the prevalent attitude during the age of
the empire-state, such as Macedonian and
Roman empires.
WE
THANK HOPE
YOU YOU
FOR LEARNED
LISTENING
MORE!

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