Team members

 Faryal Amjad Khan 09-4678

 Zunaira Javaid
09-46

 Sameen Fakhar
09-4680

 Hasham
09-46

 Moez Mazhar 09-46

Presented to:

Madam Raheela Tariq

 Table of Contents

 Dedications

 Acknowledgements

 Abstract

 About the topic

 Methodology

 Conclusion

 Discussion

 Graphs of the conclusion

 References
 DEDICATIONS

We would like to dedicate this to our

parents, teachers and especially to the
students that suffered from the adverse
affects of career uncertainty in their
lives.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research project would not have been possible without the help
and support of many people. Specially, we acknowledge with deep
appreciation the guidance, valuable suggestions and help of our
respected teacher, Mrs. Raheela Tariq. We would like to thank all those
undergraduate students who participated in our survey especially our
group member, Faryal Amjad Khan, Zunaira Javaid, Hasham Tahir,
Sameen Fakhar and Moez Mazhar. We give deep respect to these
people because this survey would not have been possible without their
assistance.
 ABSTRACT

This investigation examined the relationship between different

patterns of career choice development during later
adolescence/early adulthood, career decision-making self-
efficacy and adverse affects of wrong career selection on
adults. As predicted, persons whose career choice development
reflected a stable or multiple trial patterns reported
significantly greater levels of career decision-making self-
efficacy than did persons whose career choice development
reflected a conventional or unstable pattern. Further, persons
in the stable pattern group were significantly more likely to
nominate professionals in their chosen fields as important
career role models than were persons with conventional and
unstable career patterns.
The survey was conducted among males and females of the age
ranging from 17- 21 to check whether they are suffering from
uncertainty in their lives regarding their careers or not. A brief
summary about the topic was also told to the samples after
which their answers were statistically analyzed.

ABOUT THE TOPIC

Career uncertainty for the students of Pakistan

INTORDUCTION

By career uncertainty we mean that students of today are not fully

aware of the right choice if their career which in one or another
way affects their future jobs. Sometimes it is dominated by
parents, sometimes the society influences and diverts their
selection of field which may have adverse affect on their health
and creates mental distress for some of the students. In the end,
we came up with some possible solutions to the problems of
students which will help them to select the courses and field
according to their interest.

What leads to career uncertainty for the students?

In our society career uncertainty is because of the many reasons,

but we have focused on some more common reasons as
following:
o There are pressures from home which may include
pressures from parents, financial conditions of the
family and also from the society(Add things here)
 o Most of the students don’t go for the intelligent behavior
or do efforts to select their career. This may be because
of inconsiderate attitude and pressures which lead to
troublesome conditions in the future affecting them
adversely(Add things here)

Psychological impacts on students

There are several psychological problems faced by the

students, some of which are discussed below:
It may lead to suicide, physical heath affected, affect our
relationship with parents. (Add things here)

Some of the prominent behavioral responses of people

affecting their decision making procedures

There are three types of behaviors shown by the people. They

may be assertive, passive and aggressive which are discussed
below. These behaviors have much affect on the selection of
fields for the students.

Assertiveness behavior

It is the behavior in which people stand for themselves in

interpersonally effective ways that exercise their personal rights
while respecting the rights of others.
 Failure to be assertive may keep you from achieving your goals
and may lower your self esteem.

Passive behavior
It is the behavior in which people are reluctant to state opinions,
share feelings, or assume responsibility for their actions.
They may behave passively because they fear reprisal, are
insecure about their knowledge, or for some other reason.
Whatever their motivation, instead of attempting to influence
others’ behavior, they submit to other people’s demands, even
when doing so in inconvenient, against their best interest, or
violates their rights.

Aggressive behavior

People behave aggressively when they forcefully lash out to

achieve their goals with little regard for the situation or for the
feelings, needs, or rights of others.
Aggressiveness must not be confused with assertiveness.
Unlike, assertive behavior, aggressive behavior is unethical.
Aggressors attempt to achieve their goals without any regard for
the needs, rights, or feelings of others. As a result, the people
who receive aggressive messages are likely to feel hurt by them
regardless of their relationship.
Our analysis has shown that these behaviors play a vital role to
select a certain field by a student. These behaviors are greatly
influenced by society and company of people around a person
which includes parents, school friends, teachers etc.

How to go for a right type of field of interest

Selecting a career can be a long and complicated task. There is
no one document, person or test that will give you all the
information you need to make an informed choice. Listed below
are some general principles to follow. In addition you need to bear
in mind that:
 You will change and as a result, career aspirations will
change over time. What makes you happy and excited today
won’t be the same as in 5 years time. Be prepared to
reassess your career plans over time.
 In the ever-changing environment of the 21st century; few
careers will be available for life. It will be more important
than ever before to be flexible and actively manage your
career development (rather than letting things happen to
you).

Steps involved in selecting the career

There are four steps to help students for selecting the right field
based on your interest
 Self Awareness
 Opportunity Awareness
 Implementation
 Decision Making and Planning

Step One – Self Awareness

The first and most important aspect of career planning is having a

clear understanding of your-self, particularly in the area of your
career related.
 Interests
 Skills, abilities and knowledge
  Values
 Personal style
 Aspirations
Each of these aspects of yourself is developed from all of your life
experiences, not only your academic life.

Step Two – Opportunity Awareness

This may seem obvious but… you can only choose between the
jobs you know about – if you don’t know about a job or industry
you can’t select it and you career options are narrower than they
need to be. You need to research and know what choices are
available, this includes information such as:

 range of jobs, industries, career fields and sectors available

 skills and tasks each job entails
 education and training needed for you intended career
 state of the labor market (now and predictions)

Step Three – Implementation

Once you have a short list of careers you are interested in you
need to be able to act on your interests. To do this you need to
find out how to apply for each course or job. Find out about the:
 application forms (on line or paper)
 closing dates for each application
 selection criteria

Step Four – Decision Making and Planning

After progressing through steps one to three, you will know career
related information about yourself, what is available and how to
gain access into each of the careers. The next step is to decide
on a career goal. What steps need to be completed over the next
five years to make your career goal happen? This will help you a
lot to go for the right choice of your life.

How can one develop his/her career

Developing career skills is quite a broad topic to

cover in one question!
 But the simple answer to this question is that
there are lots of things you can do to
develop your career, and most of these are
gradual experiences that you learn on the
job.

 One should try to get a mentor who can help

him to improve and guide them through how
to perform in a better way.

 This is an important tip that many people

underestimate - having someone to discuss
your career with in confidence on a regular
basis can have a really beneficial and
positive affect and really help you with your
career.
  Attend courses that you can and always be
willing to learn. In this way you will always
be improving your career skills.

Psychological tests to go for the right type of career

Some of the tests are given below which will help students
to go for the field in which they fit in. sometimes students
themselves don’t know that which field suits them and are
in one or another way confused in their choice.

Intelligence test

Intelligence, therefore, is a measure of a potential, not a

measure of what you’ve learned (as in an achievement
test), and so it is supposed to be independent of culture.
The challenge is to design a test that can actually be
culture-free; most intelligence tests fail in this area to some
extent for one reason or another. In this instrument,
psychologist used the ratio of mental age to chronological
age. This ratio—or quotient—concept led to the use of the
term IQ (Intelligence Quotient)
 Neuropsychological tests

Neuropsychological tests attempt to measure deficits in

cognitive functioning (i.e., your ability to think, speak,
reason, etc.) that may result from some sort of brain
damage, such as a stroke or a brain injury.

Occupational tests

Occupational tests attempt to match your interests with the

interests of persons in known careers. The logic here is
that if the things that interest you in life match up with,
say, the things that interest most school teachers, then you
might make a good school teacher yourself.

Personality test

Personality tests attempt to measure your basic personality

style and are most used in research or forensic settings to
help with clinical diagnoses. Two of the most well-known
personality tests are
•The Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI),
or the revised MMPI-2, composed of several hundred “yes
or no” questions

•The Rorschach (the “inkblot test”), composed of several

cards of inkblots—you simply give a description of the
images and feelings you experience in looking at the
blots.
Specific clinical tests attempt to measure specific clinical
matters, such as your current level of anxiety or
depression.
 METHADOLOGY
The topic chosen to conduct the survey was “why there is career uncertainty
for the students in Pakistan”. The main aim of this survey was to check the
reason behind this career uncertainty, why it is created among the students
and it’s affects on the students current and future life.

OBJECTIVITY OF THE SURVEY

It was to check the positive and negative affects on the male and female
students due to either the psychological impacts or wrong choice of career.

HYPOTHESIS
Yes, career uncertainty does affect students, creates problems in their current
lives as well as in their future.
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
No, career uncertainty does affect students, creates problems in their current lives
as well as in their future.

DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS

The self made questionnaires as data collection were administered. The

questionnaire was based on fixed ended questions and the entire questions were
drafted in such a way as to find the answer to the question that whether career

SAMPLING
uncertainty affects students, creates problems in their current lives as well as in
their future.

Male and female students between the ages of 17 to 21 from the different
universities in the city of Lahore.

DATA COLLECTION

Questions were administered toCONCLUSION

the sample which were fixed ended and than
they were given the description of the topic. The data was analyzed statistically.

FEMALES

MALES
DISCUSSION
REFERENCES