International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 (2.

8) (2018) 115-119

International Journal of Engineering & Technology

Website: www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJET

Research Paper

Design and development of smart energy meter for effective use

of electricity in IoT applications
P. Gopi Krishna 1 *, K. Sreenivasa Ravi 2, R. Trinadh 2, K Chandra Sekhar 2, V. Ranjit Kumar 2
1 Department of ECSE Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India – 522502
2 Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE, Sir C.R. Reddy College of Engineering, Eluru, A.P., India

*Corresponding author E-mail: gopikrishna.popuri@gmail.com

Abstract

IoT (Internet of things) has delivered a venerable progression and advancements in the automation of home environments. The home
automation has changed the manual frame work into robotization by making the household appliances smart which plays vital role now
and more in the coming future. By connecting the household appliances to the internet for remote supervision and controlling. For better
results home automation is employed with energy management strategy for better fallouts. Many energy management systems are availa-
ble which are having expensive cost but are not efficient. By equipping the energy meters to home appliances, the amount of energy con-
sumed can be calculated by each appliance. Enhanced facilities are provided to the user in this system. The remote user can monitor the
electrical appliances, can turn ON and OFF through the web page. Webcam is employed in the proposed system for better functionality
and to enhance the security so that remote user can observe the living home environment. A specific threshold values are specified to
electrical appliances which reduces the power consumption in an effective way. The appliances will turn OFF automatically when it
reaches to the specified threshold value. The implement system uses a Raspberry Pi 3 which realizes the data received form the remote
users and the webcam. The data is uploaded into the web sever through Raspberry Pi which act as central server and visualization of data
will be done the user in the website. The proposed and implemented system performs the monitoring and controlling of electrical appli-
ance dynamically with low cost and efficiently which reduce the power consumption.

Keywords: Home Automation; IoT (Internet of Things); Energy Management; Web Server; Raspberry Pi 3; Home Appliances.

home condition furnishes clients with computerization, vitality

1. Introduction sparing. For a Smart automated home as, various instruments and
gadgets are developed by various organizations they might ascend
(IoT)Internet of Things enables the electronic gadgets and appli- to contrariness issues [8]. By coordinating every one of the gadg-
ances to get connected with the client at anytime and anywhere ets by means of the internet can beat the inconsistency problems.
whenever in view of the administration. IoT is the insurrection in IPv4 has got the disadvantages of less no of IP address, IPv6 has
the time of the web or internet [1]. The keen gadgets end up plain- defeated by giving more number of IP addresses. Every central
ly inimitable by the progression of internet which leads to IoT. processing device will have the issues with the data storage, by
The appliance is monitored and controlled remotely with help of providing the cloud interface to the system we can overcome this
internet by the user. All the things and objects are changed to problem. The main objective for automation of the home is to
smart things and objects by connecting them to internet or the monitor and control the household appliance remotely. For driving
web. [2] It is a huge objective of IoT to influence the things to the human life in an effortless way automation is required [9].
work cleverly with the offices of overseeing, controlling [3]. With the enhancement of internet, the things and appliance like
IoT empowers creating the keen gadgets into the market in a prac- room heater, water heater, air conditioner, fan, light, opening and
tical way with the goal that it will be possible for the clients to use closing of doors, security systems, ovens, washing machine etc. in
the administrations of the shrewd gadget. Numerous areas like a home or office can be monitored and controlled remotely. Inter-
modern robotization, human services, savvy homes, keen vitality net provides the connectivity between the things in the home with
administration are prevalently utilized with the IoT [4]. To control outside world. In the recent era many electronic and electrical
the key elements of the gadgets and their highlights as needs be appliances invented by which day by day the power consumption
through the web a PC like frameworks are utilized as a part of the is increasing so there is necessity of a system that manages energy
IoT. Certain Stages are controlled automatically and the reaming consumed by the appliances [10]. The Proposed system is utilized
with help of Internet of Things they are the aggregation arrange, to manage the energy consumption. Some time the user will forget
organize the process of transmission, controlling process and us- to switch OFF the electrical appliance and there is no necessity of
age organize [5]. that appliance through which lot of power is consumed. The user
By conversing the homes into smart homes connects clients with can save a lot of electricity by deploying the systems through
offices like solace, vitality sparing, effectiveness that provides the which unwanted electricity usage is eliminated. [11]. The home
enhanced life quality and security [6] - [7]. Connecting the home security is enhanced by a webcam which uninterruptedly monitors
with internet and making it automated is one of the overwhelming the presence of intruder into the home gives the notification to the
improvement innovations. By upgrading the innovation in the user in the remote location.
Copyright © 2018 P. Gopi Krishna et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
116 International Journal of Engineering & Technology

2. Literature analysis give below. The systems use two electrical appliances and they are
connected to the energy meters that take the readings of every
usage. Raspberry pi is used has the processing element, that per-
In the era of IoT devices are characterized into resource rich and
forms the voltage conversions or processing the data acquired
resource constrained devices. The devices having smart systems
from the meters. In between the processing element and energy
desires are resource devices. The devices which don’t have the
meter a relay is connected. Which operate according to the signal
smart system desires are called resource constrained devices. It is
given by the processor. The IC LM358 is used the pass the energy
not feasible to establish the communication between resource rich
consumed from meter to Raspberry pi. The display is used to
and resource constrained devices. There some prominent and con-
show the measured parameters. For enhancing the security of the
ventional technologies in automation of home like ZigBee, Z-
home, a web camera is interfaced to Pi.
Wave, EnOCEAN, X10, Bluetooth etc. [12] [13] [14]. The stand-
ards of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are resembled by ZigBee. ZigBee
adopts IEEE 802.15.x which not compatible with the device that
are available. It employs Mesh protocol for the device to device
communication. The other technology that is primevally available
in automation of home is Z-Wave which has cross similarity dur-
ing unmistakable frame works. A Unique identification number is
provided to each home appliance for security reasons. The func-
tional frequency of Z-Wave in US is 908.41MHz and range is only
30 meters. Only four devices can be connected to Z-Wave proto-
col, and terminates the devices when the devices are more than
four. The X10 is the technology where we can that for wired and
wireless technology using radio communications. The number of
commands transmitted at an instance is one. Decoding issues may
raise by transmitting the multiple messages. The technology IN-
STEON employs switches that work with radio frequency on
wireless systems. It has a data transmission rate of 1131.65 kHz Fig. 1: Diagram of Proposed Architecture.
for power line devices and 90 MHz for wireless devices. The
modern automation technology is EnOcean which is working on a) Energy Meter
zero energy consumption and can perform wireless data transfer The energy or the power consumed by the appliance can be meas-
functions. ured by an energy meter as shown in figure 2. The consumed en-
The home electrical and electronic appliances are implement by ergy is calculated in terms of units. For monitoring and billing
using the wired and wireless technologies like infrared, Bluetooth, purpose generally, home users use these energy meters. The mod-
Wi-Fi, ZigBee etc. Every technology has got the advantages and ern energy measuring meters are enhanced with a display in it that
disadvantages based on power, capacity and range. The appliance displays the reading, where as a meter employs a rotating wheel.
work with these advancements will work at range. The operating The meter encourages the communication path between electrical
range and obstacles are eliminated by infrared and Bluetooth tech- appliance and user.
nologies to provide a better system. All these smart devices must
be connected to a centralized controller with processing element in
it. As the IoT devices are increasing day by day rapidly which
consume more and more power is one of the most challenges of
IoT. Consumer electronics and home appliances consume 28% of
available energy [15]. Energy (electricity) is major need for every
individual in the world. There is a drastic dropdown in the energy
resources, were the use of electricity is more. More and More
energy is consumed when the users uses the appliances without
the any necessity or forget to turn off the devices leads to wastage.
To overcome the situations a smart energy meter is employed to
the appliances to collect the usage data [16].The primary goal is to
build understanding about energy consumption and adequate us-
age of electrical appliances in the home for energy saving. All the
household electrical appliance loads are combined into a one-shot
load in these energy management systems [17] [18]. The steady
load isn't killed and is always dynamic. The one-shot load is start- Fig. 2: Domestic Energy Meter.
ed amid an exact traverse of time. The Power utilization in various
keen gadgets or the appliances is altogether in view of two types b) Relay
of power utilizations that are typical operational power and For the turning the appliances ON and turning OFF the electrical
standby power [19]. Static functioning of the appliance will be appliances we use a switch in manual operation. For the smart
there in case of standby power and continuous dynamic function- devices are enables with relays to act like a switch shown in figure
ing will the held in the electrical appliance in the approach of 3. All the electrical appliances power rating ranges from 110 volts
normal power operation. The appliance in the IoT is accomplished to 230 volts. The Pi produces a maximum voltage of 5v. The relay
by programming device with controller Raspberry pi and making takes the controls signals from the Pi and allows the appliances to
them smart [20]. A Camera is embedded in the home environ- turn ON and OFF the devices.
ments for providing the better and enhanced security [21]. In this
paper aims to design and develop a system which saves the energy
consumption and limits the usage of electricity.

3. Proposed architecture
The architecture of the proposed and implemented system is
shown below in figure 1 and description of the modules used to Fig. 3: Relay Module.
International Journal of Engineering & Technology 117

c) LM 358
A dual channel, low power and low cost operational amplifier
used for the application of level detection is shown in the figure 4.
It is an operating frequency of 1MHz with eight pin dual-in-
package. The operating range is from 3-32 volts and act like a
comparator. It produces the output by comparing the inputs condi-
tion given.

Fig. 7: Web Camera.

4. System hardware implementation method-

ology
Fig. 4: IC LM 358 Pin Configuration.
The experimental setup of the proposed system is shown in the
d) Raspberry Pi 3 figure 8 energy management and security system is employed in
Raspberry Pi 3 model B that has a clock rate of 900 MHz Quad- the developed home automation system. The main objective of
Core ARM processor, 1 GB of memory RAM, 64GB SD storage this experimental setup is to monitor and control the power con-
memory, 4 ports USB, 1 HDMI port, 1 RJ-45 port and power sumption of electrical appliances. The proposed system is inte-
adaptor (3.5 W) Ethernet 10/100, 802.11 b / g / n, and Bluetooth grated with two house hold appliances lights are connected, two
v4.0 Python programming is used to program the instructions and domestic energy meters, and for turning ON and OFF to relays
for customization of the Raspberry pi which is a central element in with opt couplers. A web camera and raspberry pi as a central
the system. The data from the entire device is exchanged from the controller.
raspberry pi and after processing. Based in the result after pro-
cessing a decision is taken to turn ON or OFF the device or the
appliance

Fig. 8: Hardware Experimental Setup of the System.

Fig. 5: Experimental Board Raspberry Pi 3.
The operating voltage of the electrical home appliance will be
e) 16X2 LCD Display from 110 volts to 230 volts, but Raspberry Pi 3 give a maximum
The frame work uses a 16 character and 2-line display which is output of 5 volts. To make the device remotely turn ON and OFF
widely known as 16X2 shown in figure 6. The energy measure- relay are employed to every appliance. The energy meters govern
ment of every device is shown in this display. Where the user in the energy consumed by the electrical appliance and show it in the
the location or in the can visualized the data of energy consump- display. To function the home appliances a threshold value of 200
tion directly. This can be interfaced directly with minimal pro- Watts is given to the energy meters. When the user forgets to turn
gramming knowledge. OFF the home appliances, automatically the appliance gets turn
OFF when it reaches to the threshold value. In this way the energy
management system reduces the power consumption. The IC LM
358 acts as voltage-controlled oscillator and eliminates the electri-
cal noise. The central processing element Raspberry Pi 3 acquires
the reading of the energy meters through IC LM 358. The acquired
data is processed and transformed by Pi to perform the actions on
electrical home appliances and to push the same into the database
of the web server for future use. The central processing element
Fig. 6: 16X2 LCD Display. also acts as a gateway for sending the data into web server. Web
camera is interfaced to the one of the USB port of Pi for monitor-
f) Webcam ing of the intruder for enhanced security which can be monitored
For enhancing the security a web camera shown in figure 7 in through a web page from remote location. So, user can respond
embedded into our project. It is interfaced to Pi through available according to the notification received from the home location. The
USB ports. This is used to take the intruders snap shot and pro- web page also visualizes the energy consumed by each home elec-
vides the security. trical appliances and give the status of the appliance whether they
in ON state or OFF state. With the help of web interface provided,
the user can change the status of the device accordingly. All the
commands given the user are received by the central processing
element, process the command and takes the appropriate action on
the devices. The implemented system reduces the power consump-
tion of the appliance with a low cost and provides the security
also.
118 International Journal of Engineering & Technology

5. Results
The created framework encourages the client to screen remotely
the electrical appliances utilization from the vitality meter with the
guide of the website page.
In the web server the information is masterminded as tables and
gives as the UI in the website page.
In the Figure 9 units1 and units 2 demonstrates the status of vitali-
ty devoured by both electrical machine.
In the Figure 9 the L1 and L2 represent whether the device is in
either ON state or OFF state and it also represents the time details.

Fig. 11: Electrical Appliance 2 Is Employing Energy Management.

Fig. 9: Visualization of the Reading on the Web Page.

The Figure 10 speaks to the remote operation of an electrical ma- Fig. 12: Snapshot Taken by the Web Camera of the Intruder.
chine 1 and 2. The User can remotely ON and OFF the two gadg-
ets. Here electrical machine 1 is made OFF and Electrical appli- The webcam coordinated in the home condition used to take the
ances 2 is made ON by the client. preview of the interloper individual as appeared in Figure 12. The
client gets the interloper picture to the site page. So, with this
webcam office the client will secure the home.

6. Conclusion
The proposed and implement systems monitors and controls the
home appliances automatically by the specified threshold vales
which reduces the usage of the power. By interfacing a web cam-
era security is enhanced. The systems send the power consumed
information or meter reading to the web server were the remote
user can visualize the status of the device and control the appli-
ance through web page. The proposed system is low cost and can
be afforded by common people and every efficient. The imple-
mented system can be employed in many other domains with min-
imum changes.
Fig. 10: Control of Electrical Appliances from Remote Location.

The Figure 11 speaks to the remote control of the both electrical

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