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Creating A Variogram From Porosity Well Log Data in SKUA-GOCAD

This document demonstrates how to create an experimental porosity variogram from well log data in SKUA-GOCAD. It involves selecting the input data from 60 wells, choosing coordinate and property transformations, calculating the vertical and areal variograms, identifying anisotropy in the variogram map, fitting models to the experimental variograms, and saving the result as a project resource for further analysis.

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141 views2 pages

Creating A Variogram From Porosity Well Log Data in SKUA-GOCAD

This document demonstrates how to create an experimental porosity variogram from well log data in SKUA-GOCAD. It involves selecting the input data from 60 wells, choosing coordinate and property transformations, calculating the vertical and areal variograms, identifying anisotropy in the variogram map, fitting models to the experimental variograms, and saving the result as a project resource for further analysis.

Uploaded by

Bourega
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TIPS & TRICKS

Creating a Variogram from Porosity Well Log


Data in SKUA-GOCAD
Author: Humberto Bovolenta, Physicist

In this document, we will demonstrate how to create


an experimental porosity variogram from data in 60
well logs in a geological grid (Figure 1), as well as how
to obtain a variogram map to verify the presence of
anisotropy in the data.

Figure 1. Field geological model representation with the wells


used in porosity distribution.

In order to use the Variogram Analyzer, you must select


the Foundation Modeling license when creating or
editing the project. After opening the project, go to the
main toolbar located at the top of the program and click
on the icon (Figure 2). Figure 2. To open the Variogram Analyzer, click on the icon
shown on the SKUA-GOCAD toolbar.

The first panel is used to select the input data, and


to choose coordinate transformation and property
transformation methods (Figure 3). In this example, the
selected list contains the 60 wells and their respective
porosity logs (1). As we have a geological grid, the best
option is to use the XYZ coordinate transformation for
UVW (2) so that the properties are distributed along
the stratigraphic layers of the grid. Finally, select the
property transformation as Normal Score (3) to normalize
the distributions, as they will be simulated later using
Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS).
Figure 3. Selection of input data, coordinates and property
transformations.
Clicking on Next, we move to the Variogram Analyzer
panel to calculate the experimental variogram. This
two-step process includes calculation of the vertical and
areal variograms (Figure 4). The new feature in both
variograms is the ability to set automatic acquisition
parameters such as number of lags, lag distance and
tolerance, etc. from the input data (Guess Parameters
button). Additionally, in the Info button the user can
check the characteristics of all the data used to extract
the values shown in the Guess Parameters.

In Vertical Variogram, clicking on the Compute button (4)


Figure 4. Computing an experimental variogram. Looking at the
generates the vertical variogram of porosity regarding the figures, the vertical variogram is at the top left. Beside it is the
vertical distance of separation between point pairs. Next, variogram map; the four graphs below show the areal variograms on
azimuths 0°, 45°, 90° and 135°.
in Areal Variogram, clicking on the Calculate button (5)
computes the areal variogram considering four preferred
directions - 0°, 45°, 90° and 135° (graphs at lower right).
This shows a possible azimuth on the data distribution.
On Compute Variogram Map, click on the Calculate
and Display button (6) to calculate the variogram map,
which will appear right beside the vertical variogram.
Anisotropy is observed in a West-East direction, providing
a preferential azimuth for areal distribution of the data.
Returning to Areal Variogram, click on the arrow button
next to Azimuths (7) and move the mouse to the variogram
map; you can then digitalize the direction observed in
the data (8). In this example, it is defined in West-East
orientation corresponding to 90° and 180°. By clicking
Compute again, we are left with only two areal variograms.
Figure 5. Setting the final parameters of the experimental
Clicking on Next, we now go to the last panel of the variogram.
Variogram Analyzer in order to model the experimental
variogram (Figure 5). As we had set the azimuth
orientation at 90° in the previous step, change the
azimuth parameter from 0° to 90° and pin this value in
the variogram (9). With the azimuth at fixed 90°, click Fit
Model to automatically adjust the vertical variogram (10).
After evaluating both vertical and areal variograms,
a zonal anisotropy effect is observed; i.e. they do not
have the same sill. Therefore, it is necessary to reset the
advanced parameters (11), indicate that there is a zonal
effect in the vertical direction, and click again on the Fit
Model button. This will set the vertical variogram, taking
into consideration the zonal effect. Other parameters
can be adjusted to obtain an experimental variogram
closest to that desired by the user. Figure 6. Location of experimental variogram within the
Resources window.
Clicking on Create as Resource, choose a name for the
experimental variogram and save it (12). The variogram is
available for use in Data and Trend Analysis and Reservoir
Properties workflows.
To use the histogram in Display Elements, click on the
Resources icon and locate the experimental variogram
created under the Variogram icon, as shown in Figure 6.

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