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Type of Compound Structure of Functional Group General Formula /suffix or Prefix Example

The document categorizes organic compounds based on their functional groups and general formulas. It lists common functional groups like alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alkyl halides, alcohols, amines, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives. For each group, it provides the general structure around the functional group, a general formula using R groups, and examples of specific compound names containing that group.

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Qaisar Riaz
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101 views3 pages

Type of Compound Structure of Functional Group General Formula /suffix or Prefix Example

The document categorizes organic compounds based on their functional groups and general formulas. It lists common functional groups like alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alkyl halides, alcohols, amines, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives. For each group, it provides the general structure around the functional group, a general formula using R groups, and examples of specific compound names containing that group.

Uploaded by

Qaisar Riaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TYPE OF STRUCTURE OF GENERAL EXAMPLE

COMPOUND FUNCTIONAL FORMULA *some where one carbon = form (form aldehyde ,formic acid)
GROUP /SUFFIX OR Two carbon= acet (acetaldehyde,acetic acid)
PREFIX Three carbon= propion, four carbon = butyr
ALKANE CnH2n+2 / -ane
C C n=1,2,3…..

ALKYL R-CH2--- OR one CnH2n+1


or R
GROUP hydrogen less than
Alkyl
alkane

ALKENE CnH2n / -ene


C C n=2,3,4…..

ALKYNE C C CnH2n-2 / -yne


n=2,3,4…..

ALKYL X = F,Cl,Br,I R—X


HALIDE Alkyl halide
/Haloalkane

ALCOHOL OH R OH
alkyl alcohol /
alkanol

AMINE NH2 R NH2


Alkyl amine /
Aminoalkane

IMINE NH R NH
Alkyl imine
/iminoalkane

ETHER O R O R
Alkyl alkyl
ether/dialkyl ether
/alkoxy alkane
ALDEHYDE O O
CH R C H
Alkyl aldehyde
/alkanal
KETONE O O
C R C R
Alkyl alkyl
ketone/dialkyl
ketone/ alkanone
CARBOXYLIC O O
ACID C OH R C O H
Alkanoic acid
ACID HALIDE O O
C X R C X
Alkanoyl halide
ACID AMIDE O O
C NH2 R C NH2
Alkanamide
ESTER O O
C O R C O R
Alkyl alkanoate
ACID O O O O
ANHYDRIDE C O C R C O C R
Alkanoic anhydride
THIO SH R SH
ALCOHOL Alkane thiol /alkane
OR THIOL thio alcohol/alkyl
mercaptan
ALKYL CN R CN
CYANIDE OR Cyanoalkane/
ALKYL alkyl cyanide
NITRILE /alkane nitrile
NITRO NO2 R NO2
Alkyl nitrite
/nitroalkane

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