BIS/221T

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS

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BIS 221T Practice: Week 2 Editing a Report

This assignment has a total of 100 points.

Practice problems are designed to help you apply what you have
learned. It may be a good idea to complete the assignment on your own
without help to see where you might need the most practice. Make only
those changes that are specified in these directions. The Atlas Grader
depends on existing text to identify portions of the document for
grading.

Add references and citations to the Preparedness

Report
In this assignment you will practice adding footnotes, citations and
captions to your report.

Task # Points Task Description

Edit the title page to include your name in place of the Document
subtitle placeholder and insert the current date at the bottom of the
1 6 page in the date placeholder. Make sure when you set the date that it
uses a date format of MMMM DD, YYYY with the month spelled
out.

To give the reader an easy way to reference the source material add a
footnote to the opening line of Flood prepare section. To do this
place your insertion point at the end of the "To prepare for a flood,
2 2
you should:" statement. Use the Insert Footnote option on the
References ribbon to open a footnote. Type:
"http://www.ready.gov/floods" without the quotes in the footnote.

The footnote would be better as an endnote in this report. Switch the

3 3 footnote to an endnote. To do this, place your insertion point on the
footnote, right click and choose Convert to Endnote.

Add the endnotes in the table below to the identified statements. All
of these statements are in the "Prepare for Natural Disasters" section.

Statement in Report Endnote Text

To prepare for an earthquake
http://www.ready.gov/earthquakes
follow these guidelines:
4 12 To begin preparing, you should: http://www.ready.gov/tornadoes
To prepare for a hurricane, you
should take the following http://www.ready.gov/hurricanes
measures:
To prepare for a winter snow
http://www.ready.gov/winter-
storm you should do the
weather
following:

Place the endnotes on a page by themselves at the end of the report

with a Heading 1 title "Endnotes" above the endnotes. To do this, add
5 6
a Next Page break above the endnotes at the end of the document,
type the heading Endnotes and apply the Heading 1 style to the title.

6 5 Add a footnote with the text "The content of this report is based on
 information from the ready.gov web site." at the end of the sentence
which says: "Being prepared for a natural disaster can save lives and
property" without the quote marks. This is the first sentence after the
heading 1 "Prepare for Natural Disasters."

Add the footnotes displayed in the table below to the Flood

subsection of the Types of Natural Disasters section of the report.

Document Text Footnote Text

A flood is an overflow of water that Floods can be caused by a
7 10 submerges land which is usually dry. catastrophic dam failure.
Additionally, floods can be local,
Many dams in the US are
impacting a neighborhood or
at risk of failing due to age
community, or very large, affecting
and earthquakes.
entire river basins.

Create a citation reference at the end of the first paragraph in the

"Tornados" subheading that is under the "Types of Natural Disasters"
Section. To do this, place your insertion point after the sentence
"Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in
the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches
the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust." Then
8 4 open the Insert Citation dialog box, choose Add New Source. Change
the Type of Source to Journal Article. Type the text into the
appropriate text boxes. Here is the citation information:
Author: Perkins, Sid
Title: Tornado Alley, USA
Year: 2002
Journal Name: Science News

Add two more citations in the text in the Types of Natural Disasters
Section. Use the citations that have already been saved in the report.
To add the first citation, move to the end of the last sentence of the
last paragraph in the flood section at the end of the sentence the ends
with "...are located within designated floodplains or near any body of
9 6 water." To add this citation, open the Insert Citations drop down and
select the "The Prevalence and Cost of Urban Flooding" citation.
Add the second citation at the end of the first paragraph in the
Hurricane section at the end of the sentence that ends with "... among
the lowest ever observed at sea level." Insert the "Symonds, Steve"
citation.

Create a bibliography from the citations that are displayed in the

10 8
report. To do this, create a Next Page break after the Conclusion
 paragraph at the end of the document, choose the first option from
the Bibliography drop down on the References ribbon.

Add figure captions to the five images in the document. Use the
information in the table below as a reference. To insert a caption,
select the image then select the Insert Caption option on the
References ribbon, enter the text from the table below after the
default Figure text in the dialog box. Do not add a period after the
figure number. Be careful with spacing and case.

11 15 Section Heading Caption Text

Earthquake House Damaged by Earthquake
Flood Road Sign Flooded with Water
Tornado Tornado Moving Across a Field
Hurricane Aerial Image of a Hurricane
Snow House Covered in Snow

Create a Table of Figures with the default settings on a page by itself

on the page with the heading "Table of Figures" in the Heading 1
style. The page should appear in the report on a page by itself right
after the Conclusion. To do this, create a Next Page break after the
12 8
Conclusion paragraph, enter the text "Table of Figures" and apply the
Heading 1 style. To insert the table, place your insertion point on the
line below the title, select Insert Table of Figures option and choose
OK to accept the default settings for the Table of Figures.

Create cross references in subsections of the "Types of Natural

Disasters" section. These cross references should point to the heading
of the corresponding subsection in the "Prepare for Natural
Disasters" section. To make a cross reference, first select the word in
the "Types..." subsection, such as "flood". Next click on the Cross-
reference icon in the References ribbon. In the dialog box for
13 15
Reference Type select Headings. Then choose the corresponding
heading under the "Prepare for Natural Disasters" list, such as Flood.
Notice the originally selected word is replaced by the heading
reference. After you make the cross reference, underline the word in
the "Types...." section so that it stands out as a cross-reference. Do
this for all types of disasters.

14 0 Save your document. Submit your work.

100
Total:
[DOCUMENT TITLE]
[Document subtitle]

1149 West Center St, Orem, UT 84057

Executive Summary
QuickStove’s Emergency Cube Stove and Emergency Cook Kit are two options for being
prepared for an emergency. The company that wants everyone to be prepared for any
emergency. Having a plan before an emergency gives people a better chance of survival. This
report will provide a short overview of the types of natural disaster emergencies that can occur
in the United States.

Earthquakes, flood, tornados, hurricanes and winter snow are just a few of the types of disasters
Americans can face. Knowing what to do before, during and after is a critical part of being
prepared.

This report is based on information from the www.ready.gov web site and en.wikipedia.org.

Introduction
A disasteris defined as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society. The
disaster can involve widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and
impacts. The disaster may exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using
its own resources.

Emergency preparedness is not only for people living in California, or the Midwest or the Gulf
Coast. Other communities may be impacted by several types of hazards during a lifetime.
Americans also travel more than ever before to areas with different hazard risks than they have
at home.

Large natural disasters in the United States make the news and may impact thousands of people.
The table below show the large disasters in the years 2010 – 2015.

Year Type Location

2015 Wild fire Okanogan County, Washington
2015 Flood Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma
2014 Snow storm Buffalo, New York, Great Lakes region
2014 Tornado Nebraska, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Illinois, Florida, North Carolina
2014 Mudflow Oso, Washington
2013-2014 Cold wave Eastern US
2013 Wildfire Yarnell, Arizona
2013 Tornado Moore, Oklahoma
2013 Blizzard Eastern US
2012 Hurricane Eastern US
2011 Tornado Joplin, Missouri
2011 Tornado Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, Georgia, Arkansas and Virginia
2011 Flood Mississippi River Valley
2010 Flood Albert Pike Recreational Area (near Langley, Arkansas)

Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_natural_disaster
s_in_the_United_States

Types of Natural
Disasters
Earth Quake
Earthquakes also known as a quake, tremor or temblor result from the sudden release of energy
in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can be violent enough to destroy
major buildings and kill thousands of people. The severity of the shaking can range from barely
felt to violent enough to toss people around. In its most general sense, the word earthquake is
used to describe any seismic event, whether natural or caused by humans that generates
seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults, but also by other
events such as volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear tests. An earthquake's point
of initial rupture is called its focus or hypocenter. The epicenter is the point at ground level
directly above the hypocenter.

At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest

themselves by shaking and sometimes displacement
of the ground. When the epicenter of a large
earthquake is located offshore, the seabed may be
displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami. Earthquakes
can also trigger landslides, and occasionally volcanic
activity.

Flood
A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land which is usually dry.Flooding may occur as
an overflow of water from water bodies, such as a river or lake, in which the water overtops or
breaks levees, resulting in some of that water escaping its usual boundaries, or it may occur due
to an accumulation of rainwater on saturated ground.

Floods can occur in rivers when the flow rate exceeds the capacity of the river channel,
particularly at bends or meanders in the waterway. Floods often cause damage to homes and
businesses if they are in the natural flood plains of rivers. While riverine flood damage can be
eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water, people have traditionally
lived and worked by rivers because the land is usually flat and fertile and because rivers provide
easy travel and access to commerce and industry.

Some floods develop slowly, while others such as flash floods, can develop in just a few minutes
and without visible signs of rain. Additionally, floods
can be local, impacting a neighborhood or
community, or very large, affecting entire river
basins.

Urban flooding is the inundation of land or property

in a built environment, particularly in more densely
populated areas, caused by rainfall overwhelming
the capacity of drainage systems, such as storm
sewers. Although sometimes triggered by events such as flash flooding or snowmelt, urban
flooding is a condition, characterized by its repetitive and systemic impacts on communities that
can happen regardless of whether or not affected communities are located within designated
floodplains or near any body of water.

Tornado
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is
in contact with both the surface of the earth and a
cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a
cumulus cloud. Tornadoes come in many shapes and
sizes, but they are typically in the form of a visible
condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches
the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris
and dust.

Tornadoes have been observed on every continent except Antarctica. However, the vast
majority of tornadoes occur in the Tornado Alley region of the United States, although they can
occur nearly anywhere in North America. They also occasionally occur in south-central and
eastern Asia, northern and east-central South America, Southern Africa, northwestern and
southeast Europe, western and southeastern Australia, and New Zealand.

Hurricane
Tropical cyclones or Hurricanes are areas of relatively low pressure in the troposphere, with the
largest pressure perturbations occurring at low altitudes near the surface. On Earth, the
pressures recorded at the center of tropical cyclones are among the lowest ever observed at sea
level.
Hurricanes typically form over large bodies of relatively warm water. They derive their energy
through the evaporation of water from the ocean surface, which ultimately re-condenses into
clouds and rain when moist air rises and cools to saturation. The strong rotating winds of a
hurricane are a result of the conservation of angular momentum imparted by the Earth's
rotation as air flows inwards toward the axis of rotation.

In addition to strong winds and rain, hurricanes are capable of generating high waves, damaging
storm surge, and tornadoes. They typically weaken rapidly over land where they are cut off from
their primary energy source.

Snow
Snow is precipitation in the form of flakes of crystalline water ice that falls from clouds. Snow is
composed of small ice particles making it a granular material. Snow has an open and therefore
soft, white, and fluffy structure, unless subjected to external pressure. Snowflakes come in a
variety of sizes and shapes. Types that fall in the form of a ball due to melting and refreezing,
rather than a flake, are hail, ice pellets or snow grains.

Storms passing over warm water bodies can produce lake-effect snowfall downwind of the lake.
Lake-effect snowfall can be heavy locally. Snowfall amount and its related liquid equivalent
precipitation amount are measured using a variety of different rain gauges.

Prepare for Natural Disasters

Being prepared for a natural disaster can save lives and property. Depending on your
circumstances and the nature of the emergency, the first important decision is whether you stay
where you are or evacuate. You should understand and plan for both possibilities.

Local authorities may or may not immediately be able to provide information on what is
happening. If possible you should watch TV, listen to the radio or check the Internet often for
information or official instructions as they become available.

Earth Quake
To prepare for an earthquake follow these
guidelines:

 Look around places where you spend

time. Identify safe places such as under
a sturdy piece of furniture or against an
interior wall in your home, office or
school so that when the shaking starts,
 you drop to the ground, cover your head and neck with your arms, and if a safer
place is nearby, crawl to it and hold on.
 To react quickly you must practice often how to “Drop, Cover, and Hold On!”. You
may only have seconds to protect yourself in an earthquake.
 Before an earthquake occurs, secure items that could fall and cause injuries (e.g.,
bookshelves, mirrors, light fixtures).
 Store critical supplies (e.g., water, medication) and documents.
 Plan how you will communicate with family members, including multiple methods
by making a family emergency communication plan.
 When choosing your home or business, check if the building is earthquake resistant
per local building codes.

Flood
To prepare for a flood, you should:

 Build an emergency kit and make a family communications plan.

 Avoid building in a floodplain unless you elevate and reinforce your home.
 Elevate the furnace, water heater and electric panel in your home if you live in an area
that has a high flood risk.
 Consider installing "check valves" to prevent flood water from backing up into the drains
of your home.
 If feasible, construct barriers to stop floodwater from entering the building and seal
walls in basements with waterproofing compounds.

Tornado
To begin preparing, you should:

 Build an emergency kit and make a family communications plan.

 Listen to NOAA Weather Radio or to commercial radio or television newscasts for the
latest information. In any emergency, always listen to the instructions given by local
emergency management officials.
 Be alert to changing weather conditions. Look for approaching storms.
 Look for the following danger signs:
o Dark, often greenish sky
o Large hail
o A large, dark, low-lying cloud (particularly if rotating)
o Loud roar, similar to a freight train.
o If you see approaching storms or any of the danger signs, be prepared to take
shelter immediately.

Hurricane
To prepare for a hurricane, you should take the following measures:
  Build an emergency kit and make a family communications plan.
 Know your surroundings.
 Learn the elevation level of your property and whether the land is flood-prone. This will
help you know how your property will be affected when storm surge or tidal flooding
are forecasted.
 Identify levees and dams in your area and determine whether they pose a hazard to
you.
 Learn community hurricane evacuation routes and how to find higher ground.
Determine where you would go and how you would get there if you needed to
evacuate.
 Make plans to secure your property:
 Cover all of your home’s windows. Permanent storm shutters offer the best protection
for windows. A second option is to board up windows with 5/8” exterior grade or
marine plywood, cut to fit and ready to install. Another year-round option would be
installation of laminated glass with impact-resistant glazing. Tape does not prevent
windows from breaking.
 Install straps or additional clips to securely fasten your roof to the frame structure. This
will reduce roof damage.
 Be sure trees and shrubs around your home are well trimmed so they are more wind
resistant.
 Clear loose and clogged rain gutters and downspouts.
 Reinforce your garage doors; if wind enters a garage it can cause dangerous and
expensive structural damage.
 Plan to bring in all outdoor furniture, decorations, garbage cans and anything else that is
not tied down.
 Determine how and where to secure your boat.
 Install a generator for emergencies.
 If in a high-rise building, when high winds are present, be prepared to take shelter on a
lower floor because wind conditions increase with height, and in a small interior room
without windows. When flooding may be occurring, be prepared to take shelter on a
floor safely above the flooding and wave effects.
 Consider building a safe room.

Snow
To prepare for a winter snow storm you should do the following:

 Before winter approaches, add the following supplies to your emergency kit:
o Rock salt or more environmentally safe products to melt ice on walkways. Visit
the Environmental Protection Agency for a complete list of recommended
products.
o Sand to improve traction.
o Snow shovels and other snow removal equipment.
 o Sufficient heating fuel. You may become isolated in your home and regular fuel
sources may be cut off. Store a good supply of dry, seasoned wood for your
fireplace or wood-burning stove.
o Adequate clothing and blankets to keep you warm.
 Make a Family Communications Plan. Your family may not be together when disaster
strikes, so it is important to know how you will contact one another, how you will get
back together and what you will do in case of an emergency.
 A NOAA Weather Radio broadcasts alerts and warnings directly from the NWS for all
hazards. You may also sign up in advance to receive notifications from your local
emergency services.
 Download FEMA’s Be Smart. Know Your Alerts and Warnings for a summary of
notifications at: www.ready.gov/prepare. Free smart phone apps, such as those
available from FEMA and the American Red Cross, provide information about finding
shelters, providing first aid, and seeking assistance for recovery.
 Minimize travel. If travel is necessary, keep a disaster supplies kit in your vehicle.
 Bring pets/companion animals inside during winter weather. Move other animals or
livestock to sheltered areas with non-frozen drinking water.

Conclusion
This report is a quick guide to the types of natural disasters that can occur in the United
Statesand how to prepare for them. Being prepared for the disaster is important to save lives
and property. Quickstove’s Emergency Cube Stove can be a valuable part of any emergency
preparedness kit. When making your emergency plan consider how you may have to live for a
period of time after the emergency passes. Being able to heat food and water are essential to
getting life back to normal.