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91 Review 1

The document contains examples and solutions for probability and statistics concepts including: 1) Calculating the percentage of flashlight batteries that will fall within certain life ranges based on the average and standard deviation. 2) Finding probabilities related to gender and marital status data of 200 customers. 3) Calculating the expected percentage of students to pass a course based on attendance data and pass rates. 4) Determining the probability a student attended class on Thursday given that they passed the course. 5) Finding the probability distribution constant and the probability of a discrete random variable exceeding a value.

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Muhammed Ali Ülker
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69 views5 pages

91 Review 1

The document contains examples and solutions for probability and statistics concepts including: 1) Calculating the percentage of flashlight batteries that will fall within certain life ranges based on the average and standard deviation. 2) Finding probabilities related to gender and marital status data of 200 customers. 3) Calculating the expected percentage of students to pass a course based on attendance data and pass rates. 4) Determining the probability a student attended class on Thursday given that they passed the course. 5) Finding the probability distribution constant and the probability of a discrete random variable exceeding a value.

Uploaded by

Muhammed Ali Ülker
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Review 2 2002.11.

Chapters 3, 4
Measures of Location, Dispersion, Exploratory Data Analysis,
Measure of Relative Location, Weighted and Grouped Mean and
Variance, Association between Two Variables

Example:

The flashlight batteries produced by one of the manufacturers are known


to have an average life of 60 hours with a standard deviation of 4 hours.
(a) At least what percentage of batteries will have a life of 54 to 66 hours?
(b) At least what percentage of the batteries will have a life of 52 to 68
hours?
(c) Determine an interval for the batteries’ lives that will be true for at
least 80% of the batteries.

[solution:]

Denote
x  60, s  4

(a)
[54,66]  60  6  x  1.5s
Thus, by Chebyshev’s theorem, within 1.5 standard deviation, there is at
least
 1 
1  2  100%  55.55%
 1.5 
of batteries.
(b)
[52,68]  60  8  x  2 s
Thus, by Chebyshev’s theorem, within 1.5 standard deviation, there is at
least
 1
1  2  100%  75%
 2 
of batteries.
(c)

1
 1 1
1  2  100%  80%  1  2  0.8  k  5
 k  k
Thus, within 5 standard deviation, there is at least 80% of batteries.
Therefore,
x 5s  60  5  4  60  8.94   51.06,68.94 .

Chapter 5
Basic Relationships of Probability, Conditional Probability and
Bayes’ Theorem

Example:

The following are the data on the gender and marital status of 200
customers of a company.

Male Female
Single 20 30
Married 100 50

(a) What is the probability of finding a single female customer?


(b) What is the probability of finding a married male customer?
(c) If a customer is female, what is the probability that she is single?
(d) What percentage of customers is male?
(e) If a customer is male, what is the probability that he is married?
(f) Are gender and martial status mutually exclusive? Explain.
(g) Is martial status independent of gender? Explain.

[solution:]

A1: the customers are single


A2: the customers are married
B1: the customers are male.
B2: the customers are female.

(a)

2
30
P A1  B2    0.15
200
(b)
100
P  A2  B1    0.5
200
(c)
P A1  B2 
P A1 | B2   .
P B2 

Since
30 50 80
P B2   P A1  B2   P A2  B2     ,
200 200 200

30
P A1  B2  200 30
P A1 | B2      0.375 .
P B2  80 80
200
(d)
20 100 120
P B1   P A1  B1   P A2  B1      0.6
200 200 200
(e)
100
P A2  B1  200 100 5
P A2 | B1     
P B1  120 120 6 .
200
(f)
Gender and martial status are not mutually exclusive since
P A1  B1   0
(f)
Gender and martial status are not independent since

30 50
P A1 | B2     P A1  .
80 200

Example:

In a recent survey in a Statistics class, it was determined that only 60% of


the students attend class on Thursday. From past data it was noted that
98% of those who went to class on Thursday pass the course, while only

3
20% of those who did not go to class on Thursday passed the course.

(a) What percentage of students is expected to pass the course?


(b) Given that a student passes the course, what is the probability that
he/she attended classes on Thursday.

[solution:]

A1: the students attend class on Thursday


A2: the students do not attend class on Thursday  A1  A2  
B1: the students pass the course
B2: the students do not pass the course
P A1   0.6, P A2   1  P A1   0.4, P B1 | A1   0.98, P B1 | A2   0.2

(a)
P  B1   P  B1  A1   P  B1  A2 
 P  A1  P  B1 | A1   P A2  P  B1 | A2 
 0.6  0.98  0.4  0.2
 0.668
(b)
By Bayes’ theorem,
P  A1  B1  P ( A1) P ( B1 | A1)
P ( A1 | B1 )  
P  B1  P ( A1) P ( B1 | A1)  P ( A2) P ( B1 | A2)
0.6  0.98

0.6  0.98  0.4  0.2
 0.854

Chapter 6

1. Random Variables, Discrete Probability Function and Continuous


Probability Density

Example:

The probability distribution function for a discrete random variable X is

4
f ( x )  2k , x  1
3k , x  3
4k , x  5
0, otherwise

where k is some constant. Please find


(a) k. (b) P ( X  2)

[solution:]

(a)
 f ( x) 
x
f (1)  f (3)  f (5)  2k  3k  4k  9k  1

1
 k .
9
(b)
P( X  2)  P( X  3 or X  5)  P( X  3)  P( X  5)
1 7
 f (3)  f (5)  3k  4k  7k  7  
.
9 9

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