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Personal Satellite Communication System

This document discusses personal satellite communication systems. It describes satellite phones, which connect to orbiting satellites instead of terrestrial cell sites, providing mobile voice and data services globally. Two types are described - those using geostationary satellites that remain fixed overhead, and low earth orbit (LEO) systems utilizing multiple satellites in lower faster orbits to maintain coverage. The Globalstar system is provided as an example, consisting of 48 satellites and ground stations that route signals to cellular networks.

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181 views4 pages

Personal Satellite Communication System

This document discusses personal satellite communication systems. It describes satellite phones, which connect to orbiting satellites instead of terrestrial cell sites, providing mobile voice and data services globally. Two types are described - those using geostationary satellites that remain fixed overhead, and low earth orbit (LEO) systems utilizing multiple satellites in lower faster orbits to maintain coverage. The Globalstar system is provided as an example, consisting of 48 satellites and ground stations that route signals to cellular networks.

Uploaded by

vydeo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Personal Satellite Communication System

Personal Communication Service [PCS]


describes a set of voice and/or data
wireless communication capabilities that
allows some combination of terminal
mobility, personal mobility, and service
profile management.

A satellite telephone, satellite phone,


or satphone is a type of mobile phone
that connects to orbiting satellites
instead of terrestrial cell sites.

They provide similar functionality to


terrestrial mobile telephones; voice,
short messaging service and low-bandwidth
internet access are supported through
most systems.

Depending on the architecture of a


particular system, coverage may include
the entire Earth, or only specific
regions.

Some satellite phones use satellites in


geostationary orbit [The satellites sit
at an altitude of about 35,000
kilometer], which are meant to remain in
a fixed position in the sky.

These systems can maintain near-


continuous global coverage with only
three or four satellites.
V.Y.Deo @ PICT Page 1
LEO telephones utilize LEO (low Earth
orbit) satellite technology.

The advantages include providing


worldwide wireless coverage with no gaps.

LEO satellites orbit the earth in high


speed, low altitude orbits with an
orbital time of 70–100 minutes, an
altitude of 640 to 1120 kilometers (400
to 700 miles), and provide coverage cells
of about (at a 100-minute orbital period)
2800 km in radius (about 1740 mi).

Since the satellites are not geo-


synchronous, they must fly complete
orbits.

At least one satellite must have line-of-


sight to every coverage area at all times
to guarantee coverage.

Depending on the positions of both the


satellite and terminal, a usable pass of
an individual LEO satellite will
typically last 4–15 minutes on average;
thus, a constellation of satellites is
required to maintain coverage.

V.Y.Deo @ PICT Page 2


The Globalstar project

Globalstar is the world’s largest


provider of mobile satellite voice and
data services.

Their products include mobile and fixed


satellite telephones, simplex and duplex
satellite data modems and satellite
airtime packages.

The Globalstar project was launched in


1991.

Globalstar consists of 48 satellites.

These satellites are 'pipe bent


repeaters' which means they are not
networked with each other, but that they
send signals down to a ground station
that then feeds into land lines.

A network of ground gateway stations


provides connectivity from the 40
satellites to the public switched
telephone network and Internet.

Users are assigned telephone numbers on


the appropriate telephone numbering plan
for the country that the overseas gateway
is located.

Globalstar system uses the Qualcomm CDMA


air interface.
V.Y.Deo @ PICT Page 3
Globalstar gateways need to support both
the CDMA/IS-41 and the GSM standards.

Globalstar providers have roaming


agreements with local cellular operators,
enabling the use of a cellular SIM card
with a Globalstar handset and vice versa.

Due to the lack of inter-satellite


linking, a satellite must have a gateway
station in view to provide service to any
users it may see.

The use of gateway ground stations


provides customers with localized
regional phone numbers for their
satellite handsets.

But if there are no gateway stations to


cover certain remote areas, service
cannot be provided in these remote areas,
even if the satellites may fly over them.

V.Y.Deo @ PICT Page 4

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