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Lower Limb & Hip

The document summarizes key anatomical structures of the lower limb and hip/gluteal region. It describes the course and branches of the femoral nerve. It outlines the contents and boundaries of the femoral triangle, femoral sheath, adductor canal, adductor hiatus, hip joint, knee joint, ankle joint, and popliteal fossa. It details the vascular supply, innervation, and stabilizing structures of each region.

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201 views9 pages

Lower Limb & Hip

The document summarizes key anatomical structures of the lower limb and hip/gluteal region. It describes the course and branches of the femoral nerve. It outlines the contents and boundaries of the femoral triangle, femoral sheath, adductor canal, adductor hiatus, hip joint, knee joint, ankle joint, and popliteal fossa. It details the vascular supply, innervation, and stabilizing structures of each region.

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LOWER LIMB + HIP/GLUTEAL REGION

Femoral Nerve (L2-L4) course: Originates within psoas major; descends posterolaterally through pelvis to
midpoint of inguinal ligament; passing deep to inguinal ligament & enters femoral triangle lateral to femoral
vessels; divides into branches to ant. thigh muscles + articular branches to hip & knee joints + cutaneous
branches to anteromedial thigh; terminal cutaneous branch of femoral nerve – saphenous nerve
Femoral Triangle:
Superiorly: Inguinal ligament
Medially: Adductor longus (lat border)
Laterally: Sartorius
Floor: Iliopsoas (laterally), Pectineus (medially)
Roof: Fascia lata, cribiform fascia, subcutaneous tissue, skin
Contents: Femoral Neve, Artery (+branches) & Vein (+tributaries, GSV, profundal femoris), deep inguinal lymph
nodes & vessels

Femoral Sheath:
passes deep to inguinal ligament and terminates inferiorly by blending with adventitia of femoral vessels; formed
by inferior prolongation of transversalis & ilopsoas fascia
Lateral Compartment: Femoral artery
Intermediate Compartment: Femoral vein
Medial Compartment: Femoral canal – loose connective tissue, fat, lymphatics (extends distally to level of prox
edge of saphenous opening)

Adductor Canal:
extends from apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus
Anteriorly: Sartorius
Posteromedially: Adductor longus & magnus
Laterally: Vastus medialis
Contents: Femoral artery & vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis

Adductor Hiatus:
gap between femur & adductor magnus, ~8-13.5cm superficial to adductor tubercle
allows passage of femoral vessels from ant thigh to post thigh to popliteal fossa

Hip Joint:
Stabilised:

1. Acetabulum & acetabular labrum


2. Joint capsule & Ligaments (iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral)
3. Muscles – medial flexors anteriorly, medial rotators posteriorly (rectus femoris, iliopsoas, pectineus,
sartorius)

Vascular Supply: medial & lateral circumflex arteries, artery to head of femur
Innervated: femoral nerve, obturator nerve, superior gluteal nerve, nerve to quadratus femoris
Knee Joint:
Stabilised:

1. Ligaments – ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL


2. Muscles/tendons – Pes anserinus, quadriceps femoris, popliteus, biceps femoris, semi membranosus
3. Menisci, tibiofemoral joint

Vascular Supply: Genicular anastomoses supplied by femoral & popliteal arteries


Innervated: Femoral, tibial, common fibular nerves
Ankle Joint:
Stabilised:

1. Ligaments (bound by retinacula): medial ligament (deltoid, calcaneonavicular), lateral ligament (ant
talofibular, post talofibular, calcaneofibular)
2. Articulation of talus with the mortise (bounded by tibia & fibula)

Vascular Supply: Malleolar branches of ant & post tibial arteries & fibular artery
Innervation: Tibial, Deep fibular nerves
Popliteal Fossa:
Superolaterally: Biceps femoris
Superomedially: Semimembranosus
Infeorlaterally & Inferomedially: Lateral & medial heads of gastrocnemius
Posteriorly: Popliteal fascia, skin
Contents: Termination of SSV, popliteal arteries & veins, tibial & common fibular nerves, posterior cutaneous
nerve of thigh, popliteal lymph nodes & vessels

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