TM

AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL

EFFECTIVITY:ALL

HARD COPY IS UNCONTROLLED. ONCE PRINTED, THIS PAGE MUST NOT BE RETAINED FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
BEFORE USING, MAKE SURE THIS HARD COPY IS THE LATEST ISSUE.
VAPOR CYCLE SYSTEM (VCS)

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Introduction

The VCS (Vapor Cycle System) is a refrigerant cycle type cooling

system. The VCS uses a refrigerant(R134A) fluid and is divided into

HARD COPY IS UNCONTROLLED. ONCE PRINTED, THIS PAGE MUST NOT BE RETAINED FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
two zones: cabin and cockpit. The heat load of these two zones is
transferred to the refrigerant by the cabin and cockpit evaporators. The
heat absorbed by the refrigerant is dissipated by condenser in the
condenser/heat exchanger pack.
The figure VAPOR CYCLE SYSTEM (VCS) - SYNOPTIC PAGE

BEFORE USING, MAKE SURE THIS HARD COPY IS THE LATEST ISSUE.
provides further data on the preceding text.

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL

EFFECTIVITY:ON EMBRAER 500 ACFT WITH AVIONICS SOFTWARE LOAD 17 OR 25.30 OR PRE-MOD SB 500-31-0003

ECS SYNOPTIC PAGE

HARD COPY IS UNCONTROLLED. ONCE PRINTED, THIS PAGE MUST NOT BE RETAINED FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
PUSH PUSH
108.30 110.30 0KT 03:11 TRK 021 136 NM 121.500 126.775 COM1
VOL ID VOL SQ
NAV1 GS ETE DIS
NAV2 110.30 113.00 SYSTEM - ECS 131.525 121.575 COM2
NORTH UP EMERG

NAV COM
TFR
NO DATA

BEFORE USING, MAKE SURE THIS HARD COPY IS THE LATEST ISSUE.
42.0 N1% 92.9 TEMPERATURE
PUSH PUSH
CKPT CABIN CKPT
1−2 GALHEIROS 1−2
22 C SET 22 C
72 F 72 F
N
3 EVAP BARO
35 C 35 C
713 ITT C
713 6 7.5 NM 95 F
ACTUAL
95 F
142.8 N2% 142.8 33 CABIN
137 OIL PRESS PSI 137
95 OIL TEMP C 95 E FCV FCV PUSH
STD
FUEL 30 OFV
225 FF KPH 499
330 330 OPEN
12 RAM INTERMEDIATE
MFD 660 AIR
A TEMP 0 C
ELEC CABIN
W
CLOSED
RANGE
BATT1 28 V
BATT2 28 V
ALT 7200 FT 15 25 HX 25 − +
RATE 0 FPM 24 PSI PSI
SPDBRK DELTA-P 5.0 PSI 80 C 80 C
S
21
LFE 5200 FT
_ _ _ _ 176 F 176 F PUSH
OXY 1450 PSI PRSOV PRSOV PAN
LG FLAPS

UP
D MENU

UP UP 1
GCF VCS
TRIM FPL PROC
ROLL PITCH

CLR ENT
YAW 50
30 NM
DFLT MAP
ENG SET LFE STATUS ECS ELEC FUEL ICEPROT ENG MNT BACK
FMS

EM500ENSDS310114D.DGN
PUSH CRSR

SOFTKEYS (REF.)

VAPOR CYCLE SYSTEM (VCS) - SYNOPTIC PAGE – Sheet 1

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL

EFFECTIVITY:ON EMBRAER 500 ACFT WITH AVIONICS SOFTWARE LOAD 36 AND ON OR POST-MOD SB 500-31-0003

HARD COPY IS UNCONTROLLED. ONCE PRINTED, THIS PAGE MUST NOT BE RETAINED FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
BEFORE USING, MAKE SURE THIS HARD COPY IS THE LATEST ISSUE.
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL

EFFECTIVITY:ON EMBRAER 500 ACFT WITH AVIONICS SOFTWARE LOAD 36 AND ON OR POST-MOD SB 500-31-0003

HARD COPY IS UNCONTROLLED. ONCE PRINTED, THIS PAGE MUST NOT BE RETAINED FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
ECS SYNOPTIC PAGE

PUSH PUSH
108.30 110.30 0KT 03:11 TRK 021 136 NM 121.500 126.775 COM1
VOL ID VOL SQ
NAV1 GS ETE DIS
NAV2 110.30 113.00 SYSTEM - ECS 131.525 121.575 COM2

BEFORE USING, MAKE SURE THIS HARD COPY IS THE LATEST ISSUE.
NORTH UP EMERG
SET ACTUAL
NAV COM
TFR CKPT 21 C 21 C
NO DATA 70 F 70 F
TEMPERATURE EVAP
42.0 N1% 92.9 21 C 21 C
PUSH CABIN PUSH
1−2 GALHEIROS 70 F 70 F 1−2
RAM
AIR
N
3 BARO
713 ITT C
713 6 7.5 NM

142.8 N2% 142.8 33

FCV FCV
137 OIL PRESS PSI 137 0 0 PUSH
95 OIL TEMP C 95 E PSI PSI STD

MFD A 225
FUEL
FF KGH 499
30
HX
21 C 21 C
330 330 70 F 70 F
12
660
TEMP 0C W RANGE
ELEC CABIN
BATT1 28 V
BATT2 28 V
ALT 7200 FT 15
PRSOV PRSOV
− +
RATE 0 FPM 24
SPOILER DELTA-P 5.0 PSI GCF
S
21
LFE 5200 FT
CLOSED OUTFLOW VALVE PUSH
OXY/50 1450 PSI PAN
VCS OPEN
LG FLAPS
INTERMEDIATE
UP CLOSED
D MENU

UP UP 1
TRIM FPL PROC
ROLL PITCH

CLR ENT
YAW 50
30 NM
DFLT MAP
ENG SET LFE STATUS ECS ELEC FUEL ICEPROT ENG MNT BACK
FMS

EM500ENSDS310181A.DGN
PUSH CRSR

SOFTKEYS (REF.)

A
VAPOR CYCLE SYSTEM (VCS) - SYNOPTIC PAGE – Sheet 2

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General Description

The vapor cycle system provides cooling for cockpit and cabin
compartments with 20 kBTU/h total capacity at its design point, split

HARD COPY IS UNCONTROLLED. ONCE PRINTED, THIS PAGE MUST NOT BE RETAINED FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
into two evaporator units.
The heat load generated in the cabin and cockpit is transferred to the
refrigerant by means of the evaporators.
The VCS is operated automatically by the ECS (Environmental Control
System) controller.

BEFORE USING, MAKE SURE THIS HARD COPY IS THE LATEST ISSUE.
The ECS synoptic shows also the status of the VCS.
The fluid then passes through the evaporator mounted expansion
valves where it is vaporized, looses energy, and is directed to the
evaporators, thus closing the cycle. The refrigerant used is
refrigerant(R134A) and is supplied through the valve located in the
receiver dryer.
The compressor module pumps the refrigerant to the condenser/heat
exchanger pack where the energy contained in the fluid is dissipated
through an indirect heat transfer with ram air.
The GCF (Ground Cooling Fan) provides airflow across the air-to-air
heat exchanger during ground operation along with the air-conditioning
system condenser coil.
The figure VAPOR CYCLE SYSTEM (VCS) - SCHEMATIC provides
further data on the preceding text.

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL

EFFECTIVITY:ALL

GROUND COOLING
FAN COMPRESSOR DRIVE MODULE

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AIR (ON GROUND)

BEFORE USING, MAKE SURE THIS HARD COPY IS THE LATEST ISSUE.
REFRIGERANT
(LOW PRESSURE)

REFRIGERANT
(HIGH PRESSURE)

EXPANSION
VALVE

RAM AIR (IN FLIGHT)

COCKPIT
RECEIVER/DRYER EVAPORATOR

EM500ENSDS210004A.DGN
HEAT EXCHANGER
CONDENSER PACK
CABIN
EVAPORATOR
TO ATMOSPHERE EXPANSION TO CABIN TO COCKPIT FRESH/RECIRCULATED
VALVE GASPERS GASPERS AIR

VAPOR CYCLE SYSTEM (VCS) - SCHEMATIC

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AIRCRAFT
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Components • Blower Motor: It operates on 28 V DC with a maximum current

CONDENSER/HEAT EXCHANGER PACK draw of 16 A. The motor has three speeds. The motor shaft is
The condenser/heat exchanger pack utilizes ram air to reject the heat supported on high-speed ball bearings for reliability and friction

HARD COPY IS UNCONTROLLED. ONCE PRINTED, THIS PAGE MUST NOT BE RETAINED FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
from the VCS in the condenser as well as the excess heat from the reduction.
engine bleed air-to-air heat exchanger. • Thermostatic expansion valve: It is a thermostatic type valve with
The air to air heat exchanger has two independent circuits that can be temperature sensing return gas line bulb. The valve provides the
controlled separately, the left one for cockpit and the right one for cabin. proper refrigerant flow while maintaining constant return gas
superheat at all evaporator heat load conditions. Controlling the
The ram air flows trough the condenser coil first and absorbs the heat

BEFORE USING, MAKE SURE THIS HARD COPY IS THE LATEST ISSUE.
evaporator refrigerant flow based on cooling demand prevents coil
absorbed in the evaporators, then flows through the air-to-air heat freeze up. This allows the system cooling capacity to best meet
exchanger and absorbs the excess heat of the engine air bleed. The transient aircraft heat load demands.
cooling air is provided from a ram air source during flight and from a
ground cooling fan for ground operation. • Evaporator enclosure and blower scroll: It is constructed of high
The condenser working pressure is up to 1500 psig and heat rejection impact, fire retardant, self-extinguishing, corrosion resistant,
capacity is of 30 kBTU/h. lightweight polycarbonate material.
CABIN AND COCKPIT EVAPORATORS COMPRESSOR DRIVE MODULE
The VCS has two evaporators: one for the cabin and one for the The Compressor Drive Module consists of:
cockpit. Each evaporator is independently controlled by the TCS • Brushless electrical motor: It has a double ended shaft; one
(Temperature Control System). The VCS can be operated on ground output shaft drives the refrigerant(R134A) compressor and the
power for aircraft precooling and up to the maximum certified altitude of other end drives the brushless electrical motor cooling fan.
41,000 ft. The VCS includes pressure transducers to insure safe
operation. The system capacity is 20 kBTU/h rated at 24 °C / 50% • Brushless DC (Direct Current) motor controller: It drives the
relative humidity for the return air (conditioned compartment) and brushless motor assembly by electronically switching the coils in
external air condition of 40 °C (ISA (International Standard the motor to produce magnetic forces on the permanent magnets
Atmosphere)+25) for VCS condenser cooling purposes. located on the motor rotor.
Each evaporator set is packaged as required to meet the aircraft • Compressor: It contains an refrigerant(R134A) continuously
installation requirements and contain the following major components: variable displacement compressor and pulley assembly.
• Coil Assembly: It contains the evaporator coil, mounting
• High and low pressure sensors: They perform two major
hardware, rubber grommets and female flared fittings. The
functions. The first function prevents the refrigerant(R134A)
evaporator coil provides 10 kBTU/h of cooling capacity with an
compressor from operating if the system charge is lost or the
ambient inlet condition of 74 °F (dry bulb) and 50℅of relative
ambient temperature is too low. The second function stops the
humidity.

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL

EFFECTIVITY:ALL

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BEFORE USING, MAKE SURE THIS HARD COPY IS THE LATEST ISSUE.
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL

EFFECTIVITY:ALL

compressor from operating if the head pressure increases to an

unsafe level.
RECEIVER/DRYER

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The receiver-dryer assembly consists of a receiver-dryer container and
a schrader valve (refrigerant filling port) and a PRV (Pressure Relief
Valve) (safety device) that opens in case the refrigerant line pressure
reaches a value well above the maximum normal operating value. The
receiver-dryer is constructed of aluminum and contains a standpipe,
wire filter, and a sight glass for observing refrigerant charge. The

BEFORE USING, MAKE SURE THIS HARD COPY IS THE LATEST ISSUE.
receiver volume is approximately 35 in³ and can store up to 1.6 lb of
refrigerant at 240 psig.
The figure VAPOR CYCLE SYSTEM (VCS) - COMPONENTS
LOCATION provides further data on the preceding text.

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL

EFFECTIVITY:ALL

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B D C
C

BEFORE USING, MAKE SURE THIS HARD COPY IS THE LATEST ISSUE.
A E

COCKPIT CABIN
EVAPORATOR EVAPORATOR

A B

EM500ENSDS210005A.DGN
HEAT EXCHANGER/ EXPANSION VALVE
COMPRESSOR DRIVE MODULE CONDENSER PACK
C
E D
TYPICAL

VAPOR CYCLE SYSTEM (VCS) - COMPONENTS LOCATION

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL

EFFECTIVITY:ALL

Operation

The vapor cycle system (VCS) has two evaporators, one for the cabin
and one for the cockpit and each evaporator is independently controlled

HARD COPY IS UNCONTROLLED. ONCE PRINTED, THIS PAGE MUST NOT BE RETAINED FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
by the temperature control system.
The VCS is operated automatically by the ECS controller. The
temperature control system also controls the operation of the VCS so
temperature control is fully automatic.
Cockpit: In the cooling mode, the forward evaporator (cockpit

BEFORE USING, MAKE SURE THIS HARD COPY IS THE LATEST ISSUE.
evaporator) provides cold air mainly to the pilot/copilot gaspers and
display cooling system. The remaining airflow is mixed with bleed air
and distributed to the lower distribution (grills) and upper distribution. In
the heating mode the only difference is that the VCS compressor is
turned off automatically (the cockpit evaporator fan keeps running
recirculating the air) and the bleed air temperature is adjusted as
required.
Cabin: In the cooling mode, bleed line is mixed with recirculating air that
has just passed through the aft evaporator (cabin evaporator), providing
cold air (mixed) to cabin distribution lines. There are three bleed air
inlets attached to the distribution lines in order to provide flexibility to
the system air balancing. In the heating case, the compressor of the
VCS is turned off (the cabin evaporator fan keeps running recirculating
the air) and the bleed air temperature is adjusted as required.
During conditions where cooling is required, the temperature controller
will utilize the VCS to provide additional cooling.
In the air conditioning system, heating capacity may be compromised
once the heating source (bleed air) if required, is not present
nonetheless total cooling capacity is not affected (VCS).
The figure VAPOR CYCLE SYSTEM (VCS) - ECS SCHEMATIC
DIAGRAM provides further data on the preceding text.

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL

EFFECTIVITY:ALL

AVIONICS

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SYNOPTIC
(COCKPIT MFD)
−TEMPERATURE SETPOINT
−CABIN/COCKPIT TEMPERATURE
−CABIN/COCKPIT EVAP FAN ON/OFF
CMC MESSAGES −VSC, PRSOV, FCSOV,
GCV, RAV STATUS
CONTROL PANEL

BEFORE USING, MAKE SURE THIS HARD COPY IS THE LATEST ISSUE.
(CABIN/COCKPIT FAN SPEED)
FADEC / THRUST LEVER

FCSOV
RS485 COMMAND
PRSOV COMMAND

BLEED AIR PRESSURE,

TEMPERATURE AND DE−ICE
FLOW CONTROL

FCSOV TMV CABIN DUCT COCKPIT DUCT

STATUS POSITION TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE

AIR CONDITIONING
ECS CONTROLER
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

GROUND VCS

EM500ENSDS210042A.DGN
MONITORING
COOLING FAN COMPRESSOR
DATA
ON/OFF ON/OFF
COCKPIT CABIN

COCKPIT
VAPOR CYCLE SYSTEM TEMPERATURE
CABIN
TEMPERATURE

VAPOR CYCLE SYSTEM (VCS) - AVIONICS INTERFACE

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL

EFFECTIVITY:ALL

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BEFORE USING, MAKE SURE THIS HARD COPY IS THE LATEST ISSUE.
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL

EFFECTIVITY:ALL

LEFT
ENGINE

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AFT PRESSURE
BULKHEAD
PRSOV

X REFRIGERANT LINE
EMERGENCY
VENTILATION
RAM AIR

BEFORE USING, MAKE SURE THIS HARD COPY IS THE LATEST ISSUE.
CONDENSER & RECEIVER DRYER
FCSOV
TMV TSS
MUFFLER

A COCKPIT BLEED LINE

RAV

HEAT
EXCHANGER OVERBOARD
DE−ICING TSS

B CABIN BLEED LINE

MUFFLER
GCF TMV
FCSOV

Y REFRIGERANT LINE
COMPRESSOR AND DC
ELECTRIC MOTOR MODULE PRSOV

EM500ENSDS210046B.DGN
GCF GROUND COOLING FAN HOT BLEED AIR
RIGHT
TMV TEMPERATURE MODULATING VALVE COLD AIR ENGINE
FCSOV FLOW CONTROL SHUTOFF VALVE WARM AIR
CHECK VALVE
MUFFLER ACOUSTIC MUFFLER
RAV RAM AIR VALVE
PRSOV PRESSURE REGULATING AND SHUTOFF VALVE
TSS TEMPERATURE SENSOR / SWITCH

VAPOR CYCLE SYSTEM (VCS) - ECS SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

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AIRCRAFT
MAINTENANCE MANUAL

EFFECTIVITY:ALL

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BEFORE USING, MAKE SURE THIS HARD COPY IS THE LATEST ISSUE.
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

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