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Bellman-Ford C++

This C++ program implements the Bellman-Ford algorithm to find the shortest paths from a source vertex to all other vertices in a weighted graph. It first initializes all distances from the source to infinity, then relaxes all edges V-1 times to find shortest paths without negative cycles. Finally, it checks for negative weight cycles by relaxing edges one more time.

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146 views3 pages

Bellman-Ford C++

This C++ program implements the Bellman-Ford algorithm to find the shortest paths from a source vertex to all other vertices in a weighted graph. It first initializes all distances from the source to infinity, then relaxes all edges V-1 times to find shortest paths without negative cycles. Finally, it checks for negative weight cycles by relaxing edges one more time.

Uploaded by

AnouarB
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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// A C++ program for Bellman-Ford's single source

// shortest path algorithm.


#include <bits/stdc++.h>

// a structure to represent a weighted edge in graph


struct Edge
{
int src, dest, weight;
};

// a structure to represent a connected, directed and


// weighted graph
struct Graph
{
// V-> Number of vertices, E-> Number of edges
int V, E;

// graph is represented as an array of edges.


struct Edge* edge;
};

// Creates a graph with V vertices and E edges


struct Graph* createGraph(int V, int E)
{
struct Graph* graph = new Graph;
graph->V = V;
graph->E = E;
graph->edge = new Edge[E];
return graph;
}

// A utility function used to print the solution


void printArr(int dist[], int n)
{
printf("Vertex Distance from Source\n");
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
printf("%d \t\t %d\n", i, dist[i]);
}

// The main function that finds shortest distances from src to


// all other vertices using Bellman-Ford algorithm. The function
// also detects negative weight cycle
void BellmanFord(struct Graph* graph, int src)
{
int V = graph->V;
int E = graph->E;
int dist[V];

// Step 1: Initialize distances from src to all other vertices


// as INFINITE
for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
dist[i] = INT_MAX;
dist[src] = 0;

// Step 2: Relax all edges |V| - 1 times. A simple shortest


// path from src to any other vertex can have at-most |V| - 1
// edges
for (int i = 1; i <= V-1; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < E; j++)
{
int u = graph->edge[j].src;
int v = graph->edge[j].dest;
int weight = graph->edge[j].weight;
if (dist[u] != INT_MAX && dist[u] + weight < dist[v])
dist[v] = dist[u] + weight;
}
}

// Step 3: check for negative-weight cycles. The above step


// guarantees shortest distances if graph doesn't contain
// negative weight cycle. If we get a shorter path, then there
// is a cycle.
for (int i = 0; i < E; i++)
{
int u = graph->edge[i].src;
int v = graph->edge[i].dest;
int weight = graph->edge[i].weight;
if (dist[u] != INT_MAX && dist[u] + weight < dist[v])
printf("Graph contains negative weight cycle");
}

printArr(dist, V);

return;
}

// Driver program to test above functions


int main()
{
/* Let us create the graph given in above example */
int V = 5; // Number of vertices in graph
int E = 8; // Number of edges in graph
struct Graph* graph = createGraph(V, E);

// add edge 0-1 (or A-B in above figure)


graph->edge[0].src = 0;
graph->edge[0].dest = 1;
graph->edge[0].weight = -1;

// add edge 0-2 (or A-C in above figure)


graph->edge[1].src = 0;
graph->edge[1].dest = 2;
graph->edge[1].weight = 4;

// add edge 1-2 (or B-C in above figure)


graph->edge[2].src = 1;
graph->edge[2].dest = 2;
graph->edge[2].weight = 3;

// add edge 1-3 (or B-D in above figure)


graph->edge[3].src = 1;
graph->edge[3].dest = 3;
graph->edge[3].weight = 2;

// add edge 1-4 (or A-E in above figure)


graph->edge[4].src = 1;
graph->edge[4].dest = 4;
graph->edge[4].weight = 2;

// add edge 3-2 (or D-C in above figure)


graph->edge[5].src = 3;
graph->edge[5].dest = 2;
graph->edge[5].weight = 5;

// add edge 3-1 (or D-B in above figure)


graph->edge[6].src = 3;
graph->edge[6].dest = 1;
graph->edge[6].weight = 1;

// add edge 4-3 (or E-D in above figure)


graph->edge[7].src = 4;
graph->edge[7].dest = 3;
graph->edge[7].weight = -3;

BellmanFord(graph, 0);

return 0;
}

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