Nov  24,  2017  

 
Exam-­‐dec  18,  2017-­‐2pm  
 
Modes  of  acquiring  citizenship  
1.   Involuntary  
2.   Voluntary  
 
Jus  Sanguini-­‐  by  blood  
Jus  Soli-­‐  place  of  birth,  regardless  of  who  your  parents  are.  
Normally  they  use  US  as  example.  
 
Can  be  a  citizen  of  the  Philippines  by  Naturalization  
 
Ways  of  acquiring  by  Naturalization  
1.   Judicial  Naturalization  (CA63,  CA  473,  RA  530)  
•   Foreigner  you  want  to  be  a  Filipino  
i.   Substantive  requirement  
1.   continuous  residence  in  the  Philippines  for  10  years.  It  can  be  5  
years,  if  elected  as  public  official,  introduce  new  industry,  married  
to  a  Filipino  woman,  useful  invention,  born  in  the  Philippines,  and  
a  teacher  
2.   21  years  of  age  on  the  day  of  hearing  of  the  petition  of  
naturalization  
3.    Good  moral  character  
4.   must  own  real  estate(engaged  in  lucrative  business,  profession  or  
trade  
5.   Must  speak  and  write  English  and  Dialect  or  Spanish  and    Dialect  
6.   If  have  children  must  enroll  in  a  Philippine  school  
7.    Must  be  presented  by  evidence  
 
who  are  those  disqualified  
Ø   Anarchy  
Ø   Polygamy  
Ø   Those  convicted  in  a  crime  involving  moral  turpitude  
Ø   Suffering  in  mental  alienation  
Ø   Those  who  do  not  mingled  with  a  Filipino  
Ø   Subject  of..kalaban  
Ø   Citizen  of  a  country  who  does  not  grant  naturalization  to  a  Filipino  (principle  of  
Reciprocity  
 
ii.   Procedural  
1.   Declaration  of  intention  (1  year)  

POLIREV-­‐ATTY  BONG  LOPEZ      CLAVERIACAD  

 
  

2.   Must  published  the  petition  once  a  week  for  3  consecutive  weeks  

on  a  official  gazette  or  newspaper  of  general  circulation  where  he  
resides  
3.   OSG  
4.   2  witnesses  for  your  good  moral  character  
5.   promulgation  (final  but  not  yet  executory  
6.   court  will  issue  certificate  of  naturalization  (placed  under  
probation  for  2  years,  actual  test  of  fitness)  
7.   must  not  leave  the  Philippines  during  2  years  of  your  probation  
8.   after  2  years,  summary  hearing,  the  one  that  will  prove  it  if  you  
did  not  left  the  Philippines,  not  convicted  on  a  crime,  not  
commited  a  act  that  is  prejudicial  
9.   then  take  oath  of  allegiance  before  RTC  
10.  certification  of  naturalization  will  be  issued  
11.  then  cancel  your  old  certificate  
 
2.   Legislative  Naturalization  
•   Passing  a  law  that  you  will  be  a  Filipino  
•   By  RA,  father  james  moran  as  a  Filipino  Citizen  
 
3.   By  administrative  Naturalizatin  
•   Only  applies  to  aliens  born  in  the  Philippines  
•   Resided  in  the  Philippines  since  birth  
i.   How  to  be  a  filipino?  
1.   Application  for  naturalization  with  a  petition  
2.   Pay  40K  
3.   Published  in  newspaper  with  3  consecutive  weeks  
4.   Then  approved  
5.   Pay  the  naturalization  of  100k  
6.   Then  go  to  beaureu  of  immigration  cancel  the  alien  certificate  
7.   Take  oath  of  allegiance  
 
4.   Derivative  Naturalization  
•   Husband  
i.   Wife  do  not  need  to  show  that  they  are  qualified  must  prove  that  they  
are  not  disqualified  same  with  minor  children  
 
 
Lose  the  Citizenship  
i.   Voluntarily  
Ø   By  naturalization  on  the  other  country  
Ø   By  express  renunciation  of  Philippine  Citizenship  must  be  direct  and  explicit  
renunciation  

POLIREV-­‐ATTY  BONG  LOPEZ      CLAVERIACAD  

 
  

Ø   By  subscribing  to  an  oath  of  allegiance  to  support  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of  
the  other  country  at  21  
 
Doctrine  of  indelible  allegiance  
Ø   Compelled  by  the  Philippines  to  retained  your  citizenship  e.g  during  the  time  of  war  
Ø   By  being  army  or  military  of  other  country  (except  if  there  is  treaty  
 
 
ii.   Involuntarily  
a.   By  Denaturalization  
Ø   The  certificate  of  naturalization  was  obtained  fraudulent.  The  fraudulent  must  
be  material  
Ø   left  the  Philippines  within  5  years  and  resides  elsewhere  
Ø   if  you  have  children  and  did  not  graduate  because  of  your  fault  a  ground  for  
denaturalization  
Ø   been  a  dummy  in  a  corporation  or  for  business  
 
b.   deserter  of  war  in  times  of  war  
 
MODES  OF  REACQUISITION  OF  CITIZENSHIP  
I.   By  naturalization  
II.   By  direct  act  of  congress  
III.   By  repatriation-­‐returning  to  old  status.  
Ø   RA  5171  those  who  lost  citizenship  for  political  reason  
Ø   RA  8171  Filipino  woman  married  a  foreigner  (1935  lost,  but  now  1987  not  
anymore  
Ø   PD  725  allows  the  natural  born  citizen  who  lost  citizen  to  reacquire  it.  (FRIVALDO  
V  COMELEC-­‐when  it  comes  to  citizenship  res  judicata  is  not  applicable)  
Ø   Who  else  can  repatriate-­‐those  who  served  allied  forces  during  world  war  II.  RA  
965  
Ø   RA2630-­‐those  who  served  in  the  Philipine  aircforce  
 
RA9225-­‐sept  17,  2003  
Ø   Filipino  lost  citizenship  because  of  acquiring  other  citizenship  
Ø   If  born  dual  citizen,  natural  born  dual  citizen,  if  run  for  a  govt  position  dual  citizenship  is  
not  allowed-­‐unless  renounced  the  other  citizenship-­‐does  not  need  to  take  oath  of  
allegiance  
Ø   Filipino’s  who  are  not  natural  born  but  dual  citizen  (Canada)-­‐if  run  for  a  position-­‐
renounced  the  Canadian  citizenship-­‐does  not  need  to  take  oath-­‐when  filing  certificate  of  
candidacy  it  is  under  oath  already  
Ø   Applies  US  citizenship-­‐pinarenounce  ang  Filipino-­‐just  need  to  take  oath  of  allegiance-­‐
you’ll  be  Dual  Citizen  again-­‐  the  run  for  position-­‐  renounce  US  citizenship  plus  take  oath  
of  allegiance.  Because  you  lost  your  citizenship  (this  is  before  sept  17  2003)  
Ø   But  under  RA9225  Sept  17  2003  up  to  present  only  renounce  the  foreign  Citizenship  

POLIREV-­‐ATTY  BONG  LOPEZ      CLAVERIACAD  

 
  

Case  of  Manzano  (abandoned  doctrine)  

Ø   The  mere  filing  of  certificate  of  candidacy  is  already  a  renunciation  of  foreign  
citizenship.    
 
 
Caasi  v  Comelec    
Ø   Greencard  holder  but  still  a  Filipino  
Ø   Under  the  LGC  residence  of  other  country  disqualified  pa  rin  
Ø   Caasi-­‐  mere  filing  is  enough  
Ø   SC-­‐  mere  filing  is  not  enough,  there  must  be  another  act.  
 
Valles  V  comelec  
Ø   Fil-­‐australian  
Ø   He  has  certificate  of  etc  
Ø   Mere  filing  is  enough  
 
Makiling  v  comelec  
Ø   Filipino-­‐renounced  Filipino  
Ø   Went  back-­‐renounced  US-­‐take  oath  allegiance  
Ø   He  is  Filipino  already  qualified  
Ø   US  passport  still  exist,  travelled  as  a  US  citizen,  he  reverted  back  to  the  status  as  a  US  
Citizen,  because  of  this  disqualified  of  running  
Ø   Who  will  succeed  on  his  position  because  he  is  disqualified?  If  disqualified  because  of  
material  information  (age,  citizenship,  residency)  the  number  2  will  succeed  
Ø   If  number  1  qualified  from  the  very  beginning  but  committed  a  violation  of  election  law  
(vote  buying,  act  of  violence  or  terrorism)  the  one  who  succeed  will  be  the  Vice  
Governor/Vice  Mayor.  
 
You  were  born  with  Filipino  Mother  
Ø   Under  1935  elect  Filipino  citizenshio  
Ø   Or  1935  elect  it  under  1973  
o   Just  need  to  perform  positive  acts  to  acquire  Citizenship  
Ø   Under  1987  
o   Official  act  of  intent  to  acquire  citizenship.  
 
 
Natural  born-­‐lost  citizenship-­‐reacquire-­‐natural  born  
Naturalized-­‐lost  citizenship-­‐reacquire-­‐naturalized  
 
E.g  of  Question  
EASY  
X  born  35  Consti  Filipino  Mother  only,  elected  Filipino  Citizenship  at  24.  Run  for  mayor  is  he  
qualified?  
Ø   Yes.  

POLIREV-­‐ATTY  BONG  LOPEZ      CLAVERIACAD  

 
  

MEDIUM  
X  born  in  June  12  1898  studied  and  passed  the  bar  in  1936,  Filipino  Mother    
 
HARD  
While  Aguinaldo  declaring  independence  then  passed  the  bar  when  marcos  declared  martial  
law?  
 
 
 
SUFFRAGE  
-­‐right  of  cirizen  to  vote  
 
QUALIFICATION  
Ø   18  y/o  
Ø   citizen  
Ø   residing  at  least  1  year  in  PH  and  6  months  were  he  voted  
 
DISQUALIFICATION  
i.   convicted  of  a  crime  
ii.   committed  with  a  crime  of  moral  turpitude  
iii.   insane  
 
WHEN  WILL  YOU  VOTE?  
Ø   ELECTION  TIME  
Ø   PLEBISCITE  
Ø   INITIATIVE  
Ø   RECALL  
Ø   REFERENDUM  
 
ELECTION  IN  THE  PHILIPPINES-­‐  2nd  Monday  of  May  
 
ELECTION  
Ø   Vote  for  a  person  who  you  want  to  be  representative    
Ø   PERSONALITY  
   
PLEBISCITE  
Ø   Issues  
Ø   To  amend  issues,  or  change  the  constitution    
Ø   CONASS  ,  CONCON  
   
INIATIVE  
Ø   Here  statute  or  law  or  oridnance  in  LGU  
Ø   By  the  people  
 

POLIREV-­‐ATTY  BONG  LOPEZ      CLAVERIACAD  

 
  

HOW  if  statute-­‐gather  signature    

Ø   How  many  signature?  10%  if  the  registered  voter  of  the  PH  
Ø   Give  to  comelec  double  chec,  then  the  comelec  will  set  the  date.  
Ø   Need  not  be  published,  because  people  was  to  one  who  initiate  
IF  ORDINANCE  
Ø   province  10000-­‐City  1000-­‐Municipality-­‐100  Barangay  50  
Ø   In  a  initiative  they  can  have  2  or  more  proposition.  
Ø   At  any  point  that  an  ordinance  will  pass  a  law  in  toto  the  initiative  will  stop  
Ø   6  month  to  3  years  may  amend  however  they  need  ¾  votes  
Ø   if  barangay  18  months  ¾  votes  
 
can  we  initiate  a  Constitutional  Provision?  
Ø   Yes  limited  to  amendment    
Ø   12%  of  the  registered  voters  
Ø   3%  must  come  to  each  legislative  districe  
 
REFERENDUM  
Ø   Statute  and  ordinance  
Ø   The  congress  of  the  sanggunian  was  the  one  who  pass  the  law  require  approval  of  the  
people  
Ø   The  people  will  gather  signature  in  order  to  approve  the  statute  or  ordinance  
 
RECALL  
Ø   Applies  to  local  officials  
Ø   You  want  to  remove  local  official  in  the  office  
Ø   Ground  for  petition  for  recall:  LOST  OF  CONFIDENCE  
Ø   25%  of  the  registerd  voter  of  the  local  government  unit  
Ø   then  give  it  to  the  COMELEC  
Ø   the  incumbent  and  who  want  to  run  
Ø   if  the  incumbent  will  win-­‐  continue  the  term  
Ø   if  new-­‐continue  the  term  
Ø   the  incumbent  cannot  resign  until  the  recall  process  not  yet  done-­‐not  violation  of  
involuntary  servitude-­‐because  public  office  is  not  a  right,  it  is  a  mere  privilege  
Ø   the  incumbent  file  a  petition-­‐  SC  said  it  is  a  political  question  the  Filipino  will  decide  
Ø   LIMITIATION  in  RECALL-­‐  You  cannot  file  petition  for  Recall  within  1  year  and  also  on  last  
year.  
Ø   LIMITATION  in  RECALL-­‐  can  only  be  recalled  once  in  his  term.  
Ø   IN  LGU  have  3  term  limit  or  3  consecutive  term.  Can  be  in  10  terms  as  long  as  it  is  not  
consecutive  (WON  WON  WON  THEN  RESIGNED,  voluntary  renunciation  not  allowed  to  
run)  (  won  won  recall,  may  run  again)  (  mayor  disqualified  then  vice  mayor,  won  won,  
may  run  again)  (won,  won,  preventive  suspension  cannot  run.  Because  preventive  
suspension  is  not  a  penalty)  (won,  case,  won  in  the  third  term  guilty  at  the  2nd,  cannot  
run  again  because  no  interruption  of  term)  

POLIREV-­‐ATTY  BONG  LOPEZ      CLAVERIACAD  

 
  

Ø   SK  can  be  recalled?  YES.  Who  will  recall?  All  the  registered  voters  or  the  SK  members  
only?  No  resolution  yet.  But  he  is  considered  
 
 
 
Election   Plebiscite   Referendum   Initiative   recall  
Ø   Vote  for  a   Of  it  create,   Ø   Statute   Ø   Here   Ø   Personali
person   abolished,   and   statute   ty  
who  you   merger,  divide,   ordinan or  law  or   Ø   Applies  
want  to  be   alter  in  LGU  the   ce   oridnanc to  local  
representa people  will  vote   Ø   The   e  in  LGU   officials  
tive     in  plebiscite  as   congres Ø   By  the   Ø   You  want  
Ø   PERSONAL an  exception   s  of  the   people   to  
ITY   Ø   Issues   sanggu   remove  
    Ø   To   nian   HOW  if  statute-­‐ local  
  amend   was  the   gather  signature     official  in  
issues,   one   Ø   How   the  office  
or   who   many   Ø   Ground  
change   pass  the   signature for  
the   law   ?  10%  if   petition  
constitu require   the   for  recall:  
tion     approva registere LOST  OF  
Ø   CONASS   l  of  the   d  voter  of   CONFIDE
,   people   the  PH   NCE  
CONCO Ø   The   Ø   Give  to   Ø   25%  of  
N   people   comelec   the  
  will   double   registerd  
gather   chec,   voter  of  
signatur then  the   the  local  
e  in   comelec   governm
order  to   will  set   ent  unit  
approve   the  date.   Ø   then  give  
the   Ø   Need  not   it  to  the  
statute   be   COMELE
or   published C  
ordinan ,  because   Ø   the  
ce   people   incumbe
    was  to   nt  and  
one  who   who  
initiate   want  to  
IF  ORDINANCE   run  
Ø   province   Ø   if  the  
10000-­‐ incumbe
City   nt  will  

POLIREV-­‐ATTY  BONG  LOPEZ      CLAVERIACAD  

 
  

1000-­‐ win-­‐  
Municipa continue  
lity-­‐100   the  term  
Barangay   Ø   if  new-­‐
50   continue  
Ø   In  a   the  term  
initiative   Ø   the  
they  can   incumbe
have  2  or   nt  cannot  
more   resign  
propositi until  the  
on.   recall  
Ø   At  any   process  
point   not  yet  
that  an   done-­‐not  
ordinanc violation  
e  will   of  
pass  a   involunta
law  in   ry  
toto  the   servitude
initiative   -­‐because  
will  stop   public  
Ø   6  month   office  is  
to  3   not  a  
years   right,  it  is  
may   a  mere  
amend   privilege  
however   Ø   the  
they   incumbe
need  ¾   nt  file  a  
votes   petition-­‐  
Ø   if   SC  said  it  
barangay   is  a  
18   political  
months   question  
¾  votes   the  
  Filipino  
can  we  initiate  a   will  
Constitutional   decide  
Provision?   Ø   LIMITIATI
Ø   Yes   ON  in  
limited  to   RECALL-­‐  
amendm You  
ent     cannot  

POLIREV-­‐ATTY  BONG  LOPEZ      CLAVERIACAD  

 
  

Ø   12%  of   file  

the   petition  
registere for  Recall  
d  voters   within  1  
Ø   3%  must   year  and  
come  to   also  on  
each   last  year.  
legislativ Ø   LIMITATI
e  districe   ON  in  
  RECALL-­‐  
can  only  
be  
recalled  
once  in  
his  term.  
Ø   IN  LGU  
have  3  
term  
limit  or  3  
consecuti
ve  term.  
Can  be  in  
10  terms  
as  long  as  
it  is  not  
consecuti
ve  
Ø   SK  can  be  
recalled?  
YES.  Who  
will  
recall?  All  
the  
registere
d  voters  
or  the  SK  
members  
only?  No  
resolutio
n  yet.  But  
he  is  
considere
d  
 

POLIREV-­‐ATTY  BONG  LOPEZ      CLAVERIACAD  

 
  

 
 
 
 
 
JURISDICTION  PRE  PROCLAMATION  and  election  contest  
COMELEC-­‐PROVINCE  
RTC-­‐MUNICIPALITY  
MTC-­‐BARANGAY  
 
When  it  comes  to  qualifications  of  THE  HOR  
o   HRET  has  JURISDICTION  
 
Qualification,  election  return  of  the  PRESIDENT  (makalintal  v  COmelec)  
o   PET-­‐chairman  CJ,  and  members  14  Justices  
 
WHEN  it  comes  to  qualification  of  the  election  return  of  the  senate  
o   Senate  electoral  Tribunal  
 
Who  will  decide  to  the  qualification  of  the  party  list  member  
HRET/SET  
o   If  proclaimed,  when  they  are  already  member  
COMELEC  
o   No  proclamation,  until  they  are  not  yet  member  
 
UNDER  THE  PREAMBLE  
o   We  establish  government  under  rule  of  law,  because  we  are  government  of  laws  and  
not  of  men  
 
CONSTITUTION  
Legislative   Executive   judiciary  
FUNCTION:   FUNCTION:   FUNCTION:  
To  make  laws   To  execute  laws   To  interpret  laws  

POLIREV-­‐ATTY  BONG  LOPEZ      CLAVERIACAD  

 
  

They  are  called  congress      

It  is  a  bicameral  congress  
i.   Congress  
o   District  
representative-­‐the  
one  who  divide  it  is  
the  Constitution  (in  
appendix  called  
ordinances)(elected  
every  3  year  but  
cannot  be  elected  in  3  
consecutive  terms)  
o   Sectoral  
representative-­‐exist  
only  in  the  first  two  
elections  
o   Party  list-­‐  who  can  
join  party  list?  
ii.   Senate  
o   24  senators  
o   why  12-­‐12  not  24,  in  
order  there  is  
continuity  in  
legislative  policy  
 
Ø   The  two  
members  are  
co-­‐equal.  
Ø   They  choose  
their  own  
officers  
Ø   They  create  
their  own  
committees    
Ø   They  
promulgate  
their  own  
rules  
Ø   Discipline  their  
own  ranks  
QUALIFICATIONS   QUALIFICATIONS   QUALIFICATIONS  
 
Separation  of  powers  
They  are  co-­‐equal  powers  

POLIREV-­‐ATTY  BONG  LOPEZ      CLAVERIACAD  

 
  

The  principle  of  check  and  balances  

 
 
PARTY  LIST  
Ø   Marginalized  
Ø   Minor  political  party-­‐did  not  got  more  than  2%  last  election  
Ø   In  party-­‐list  you  must  get  2%  in  the  first  nominee  another  2%  in  2nd  nominee  and  
another  2%  in  the  third  nominee  
Ø   Later  those  who  got  2%.    
Ø   You  must  now  total  number  of  the  house  including  the  20%  allotted  for  partylist.  
Ø   SC  20%  is  maximum  does  not  need  to  fill  out  the  whole  20%  
Ø   Certain  parameters  
 
ATOM  PANGLAUM  
What  is  a  political  party?  
Ø   Is  an  organized  group  of  citizen,  advocating  ideology  or  platform  of  the  govt,  it  is  the  
most  immediate  means  of  securing  the  adoption,  regularly  nominates  and  supplies  
certain  of  its…  and  members  of  candidates  for  its  public  office  
 
ORGANIZATION  
Ø   Organized  group  of  citizen,  or  coalition  of  group  to  share  similar  and  attributions  or  
characteristic,  similar  employment,  similar  interest,  similar  concern.  They  did  not  have  
ideology  as  long  as  they  have  similar  characteristic  
 
 
PARAMETERS  (ATOM  PAGLAUM  READ)  
different  groups  may  participate  in  party  list  election  
 
i.   National  party/organization  
Ø   Spread  over  the  Philippines  
ii.   Regional  party/organization  
Ø   Spread  of  over  provinces  
iii.   Sectoral  party/organization  
Ø   May  either  be  marginalized  or  under  privileged  and  lacking  well  defined  political  
constituency  
Ø   Their  political  adovocacy  pertains  
Ø   Marginalized  and  under  privileged  (fisherfolks.  veterans,  etc  under  the  labor  code)  
Ø   Can  you  still  join  even  if  not  under  the  enumeration?  Yes  under  the  lacking  well  defined  
political  constituency  (such  as  elderly  ect)  
Ø   SECTORAL  PARTY  example  majority  of  the  members  are  what  they  represent  not  
necessary  everyone  is  what  they  represent.  But  they  must  have  nominee  for  e.g  tricycle  
driver,  he  is  tricycle  driver,  or  track  record  of  the  advocacy.    
 
Political  party  may  register  may  be  part  of  the  party  list  system  if  they  are  registered  

POLIREV-­‐ATTY  BONG  LOPEZ      CLAVERIACAD  

 
  

Except  a  political  party  which  filled  candidate-­‐  but  may  only  participate  on  its  sectoral  wing,  th  

POLIREV-­‐ATTY  BONG  LOPEZ      CLAVERIACAD