ABBREVIATED STYLE SHEET

MUSIC 3840 MUSIC HISTORY: THE ENVIRONMENT

Read these instructions carefully in order to understand how to use the style sheet. The formatting in
this style sheet is based on the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition. The formatting for footnote
citations and bibliography entries is different. Use the appropriate format.

General information for using footnotes:

 Footnotes should be single-spaced and contain no empty lines of space between subsequent
footnote entries.
 In order to create a footnote in MS Word, go to “Insert” and select “Footnote”. The word
processor will make sure they are numbered sequentially throughout the document.
 The first time that you cite a source in a footnote, you must use the complete footnote format.
 If you cite the source again anywhere else in the paper, you must use a short citation, which
contains the author’s last name, an abbreviated title of the work, and the page number(s) cited.
For Example: 2 Strunk and White, The Elements of Style, 39.
 Also, if you have two (or more) successive citations from the same source, you should use
“Ibid.” and the page number (if different).
For Example: 1 William Strunk and E. B. White, The Elements of Style, 3rd
edition (New York: MacMillan Publishing Co., 1979), 7-9.
2 Ibid., 13.

General information for formatting a bibliography:

 For a research paper, the heading “Bibliography” is centered at the top of the first page of the
bibliography.
 Entries in a bibliography are single-spaced and every line under the first line is indented one half
inch.
 There is a full-line of space between entries.
 Entries in a bibliography are listed alphabetically by the last name of the author.

PERIODICAL ARTICLE

Bibliography Format:
Seeger, Charles. “On Dissonant Counterpoint.” Modern Music 7/4 (1930): 25–31.

Footnote Format:
Charles Seeger, “On Dissonant Counterpoint,” Modern Music 7/4 (1930), 27.

Explanation of the formatting: The article titled “On Dissonant Counterpoint” was written by Charles
Seeger and is found in volume 7, number 4 of the journal titled Modern Music on pages 25–31. The
bibliographic citation includes all inclusive page numbers for the article. The footnote includes only the
page(s) on which the cited information is found.

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BOOK

Bibliography Format:
Broyles, Michael and Denise Von Glahn. Leo Ornstein: Modernist Dilemmas, Personal Choices.
Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007.

Footnote Format:
Michael Broyles and Denise Von Glahn, Leo Ornstein: Modernist Dilemmas, Personal Choices
(Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2007), 230.

Explanation of the formatting: This book has two authors and they are listed in the book in the order of
Broyles and then Von Glahn. Note the different format for each author. The title has a comma and colon
in it. The footnote includes the page on which the cited information is found. When citing publishing
information if the city is not commonly well known (i.e., New York City, Los Angeles, Miami,
Cincinnati, etc.) or could be in any state, then you need to include the state. The footnote includes the
page(s) on which the cited information is found.

ARTICLE IN GROVE MUSIC ONLINE

Bibliography Format:
Nicholls, David. “Henry Cowell.” In Grove Music Online. In Oxford Music Online,
http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com (accessed January 14, 2010).

Footnote Format:
David Nicholls, “Henry Cowell,” in Grove Music Online, in Oxford Music Online,
http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com, accessed January 14, 2010.

Explanation of the formatting: The article about Henry Cowell is written by David Nicholls and located
in the specific database titled Grove Music Online (GMO). Oxford Music Online is the title of the website
that contains GMO along with several other databases.

ESSAY CONTAINED IN A COLLECTION OF ESSAYS

Bibliography Format:
Bradbury, Malcolm. “The Nonhomemade World: European and American Modernism.” In Modernist
Culture in America, ed. by Daniel Joseph Singal, 28–41. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing
Company, 1991.

Footnote Format:
Malcolm Bradbury, “The Nonhomemade World: European and American Modernism,” in Modernist
Culture in America, ed. by Daniel Joseph Singal (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1991),
35.

Explanation of the formatting: Modernist Culture in America is found on the library shelf. It is not
classified as a book, but rather a collection of essays or articles. The general editor of the collection is
Daniel Joseph Singal. The specific essay authored by Malcolm Bradbury titled “The Nonhomemade
World: European and American Modernism” is contained in Modernist Culture in American on pages
28–41. The bibliographic citation includes all inclusive page numbers for the article. The footnote
includes only the page(s) on which the cited information is found.

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DISSERTATION AND THESIS

Bibliography Format:
Mead, Rita H. “Henry Cowell’s New Music, 1925–1936: The Society, the Music Editions, and the
Recordings.” Ph.D. diss., City University of New York, 1978.

Footnote Format:
Rita H. Mead, “Henry Cowell’s New Music, 1925–1936: The Society, the Music Editions, and the
Recordings,” Ph.D. diss., City University of New York, 1978, 215.

Explanation of the formatting: The title of Mead’s dissertation includes a colon and commas and the
time span 1925–1936. The footnote includes the page(s) on which the cited information is found. For a
master’s thesis you would replace “Ph.D. diss.,” with “Master’s thesis,”.

PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS FROM FIELDWORK JOURNAL

Bibliography Format:
John D. Spilker. “Personal Fieldwork Journal.” Author’s Observations at Greenhouse, New York City,
June 3, 2012.

Footnote Format:
John D. Spilker, “Personal Fieldwork Journal,” author’s observations at Greenhouse, New York City,
June 3, 2012.

Explanation of the formatting: The information cited comprises the author’s personal observations at
Greenhouse (located in New York City) on June 3, 2012. John D. Spilker recorded his observations in his
personal fieldwork journal. Citations of information from personal observations recorded in a
fieldwork journal are usually relegated exclusively to footnotes; in works with no footnotes, they may
be included in the bibliography.

UNPUBLISHED PERSONAL INTERVIEW

Bibliography Format:
David Smith (“The Insect”). Interview by John D. Spilker. New York City, June 5, 2012.

Footnote Format:
David Smith (“The Insect”), interview by John D. Spilker, New York City, June 5, 2012.

Explanation of the formatting: David Smith, known as “The Insect” within the NYC club kid circuit,
was personally interviewed by John D. Spilker in New York City on June 5, 2012. (Brief identifying
information may be included in parenthesis, but is not required.) Citations of material from
unpublished personal interviews are usually relegated exclusively to footnotes; in works with no
footnotes, they may be included in the bibliography.

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PERSONAL OR GROUP WEBSITE (AS PRIMARY SOURCE)

Bibliography Format:
“Club History.” Nebraska Czechs of Lincoln, http://www.lincolnczechs.org/history.htm (accessed June
10, 2012).

Footnote Format:
“Club History,” Nebraska Czechs of Lincoln, http://www.lincolnczechs.org/history.htm, accessed June
10, 2012.

Explanation of the formatting: The information cited was found in the “Club History” section of the
website, which is owned by the Nebraska Czechs of Lincoln. The website address is
http://www.lincolnczechs.org/history.htm. The information was accessed on June 10, 2012. Citations of
website content are usually relegated exclusively to footnotes; in works with no footnotes, they may be
included in the bibliography.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

Bibliography Format:
Pareles, Jon. “Sizzling Hybrid of Rhythms: Afro-Punk Festival at Commodore Barry Park.” New York
Times, June 21, 2012. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/22/arts/music/afro-punk-festival-at-
commodore-barry-park.html.

Footnote Format:
Jon Pareles, “Sizzling Hybrid of Rhythms: Afro-Punk Festival at Commodore Barry Park,” New York
Times, June 21, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/22/arts/music/afro-punk-festival-at-commodore-
barry-park.html.

Explanation of the formatting: Jon Pareles wrote the article “Sizzling Hybrid of Rhythms: Afro-Punk
Festival at Commodore Barry Park.” It was published in the New Yorks Times on June 21, 2012. If the
newspaper article was accessed online, include the exact address for the article.