IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.

6, Issue 02, 2018 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Analysis & Design of Junction Tower at Thermal Power Plant

Renuka R
Assistant Professor
JIT, Davanagere, India
Abstract— Junction towers are the supporting structures
A. Coal Handling System (CHS)
which are constructed to provide a support for the belt
conveyors to convey the coal to the power generation point at
power generation plants. The junction towers are mainly
made of steel.
Key words: JNT, Thermal Power Plant, Structural Analysis,
Staad Pro

I. INTRODUCTION TO KPCL
The proposed site of Coal Based Thermal Power Plant
Karnataka Power Corporation Limited is located near
Kudatini village at about 22 km from Bellary town, on
Hospet-Bellary NH-6, Karnataka state.
Karnataka Power Corporation limited (KPCL) a 1) WAGON TIPPLER (WT)
fully owned undertaking of the Govt of Karnataka is a 2) BELT CONVEYOR (BCN)
premier power generating company, established in 1970. 3) JUNCTION TOWER (JNT)
KPCL is currently operating and maintaining power stations 4) PENT HOUSE (PH)
with an installed capacity of 6500MW in Karnataka state 5) PRIMARY CRUSHER HOUSE (PCH)
including thermal, hydel, solar and wind power project. 6) SECONDARY CRUSHER HOUSE (SCH)
Bellary Thermal Power 7) EMERGENCY RECLAIMING HOPPER (ERH)
Station (BTPS) This section covers general requirements for design,
Name of the Project
Unit-3, 700 MW construction fabrication and erection of various structures,
Coal fired Power Plant buildings and facilities for the coal handling system, covering
Latitude N 15°11’58” complete civil and structural works. Some of the important
Longitude E 76°43’23” areas of works are described below.
Elevation 475m above MSL
III. COMPONENTS OF COAL HANDLING SYSTEM
A. Wagon Tippler (WT)
It is the initial stage of the CHS. The raw coal from the ore is
carried by wagons and it is unloaded by tippling action and
then it is sent to next process through tunnel. The capacity of
the wagon tippler is about 100 tones.
1) Wagon Tippler Hoppers/ Emergency Reclaimer Hopper:
Hoppers shall be of RCC construction. The pit shall
accommodate the hoppers along with feeder and conveyors
below. Monorail for taking machinery into the pit shall be
provided in the access shaft projecting through to leaf steel
Here we made an attempt to learn the steps which sliding door. plinth level of the pit shall be kept at least
are involved in construction activity from the undertaken 500mm above graded level with RCC sloped paving all round
project. The project mainly deals with analysis and design of to enable bulldozer movement.
JUNCTION TOWER at BTPS Ballary. B. TUNNELS, PENT HOUSE
We are assigned by our guide for the job of
Tunnels are of underground RCC constructions. A PCC shall
analyzing and designing of a JNT. To meet this requirement,
be provided to direct the drainage on to one side of the tunnel.
we are suggested to consult Ninganna T R Cheif engineer
A small trench shall be provided on that side of the tunnel to
(civil) BTPS Ballary. And also we are suggested to consult
lead the drainage to the nearest sump. Tunnel shall be
Ananda D S Executive engineer (KPCL design office,
provided with RCC/ Brick work, for ventilation duct.
Bangalore).
Where the tunnel enters the ground level a pent
We selected a plan of JNT-16 (G+4) among various
house is provided of RCC construction. Pent house shall be
components of BTPS.
provided with lifting beam to lift equipment to the tunnel.
Tunnel shall provided with walk way on either side of the
II. COMPONENTS
conveyer. Single pipe handrail shall be fixed to the tunnel
The salient features of the proposed expansion unit-3 are wall.
furnished below.

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 Analysis & Design of Junction Tower at Thermal Power Plant
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C. CONVEYOR GALLERIES AND TRESTLES The entire coal storage area from drain to drain shall
Overhead conveyor shall be housed in a suitably enclosed be provided with properly sloped PCC paving over rubble
gallery of structural steel. Maximum span of gallery shall be soling with properly compacted subgrade. The PCC paving
limited to 24 m unless higher span is necessitated due to site shall be of nominal mix of grade M15, 150mm thick with
constraints. nominal temperature reinforcement laid over 230mm thick
1) Single and Double Conveyors: compacted sand and rubble filling. RCC drains with
For single conveyor walkways shall be provided on either removable precast RCC slotted cover shall be provided on
side. For double stream conveyor gallery one central and two either sides of each coal stack.
side walkways shall be provided. Walk ways shall have These drains shall be so designed to carry the
minimum width of 750mm, in case of space restriction drainage from coal yard to the decantation tank. After 30
minimum allowable clear width shall be 600mm. minutes storage settlement the decanted water shall be lead to
Both sides of the central and side walkways shall be coal pile run off pond and further pumped to ash pond.
provided with pipe handrails with kerb plates using pipe of
medium class as per IS:1169 having 32mm nominal size. IV. INTRODUCTION TO JUNCTION TOWER-16
Handrails shall not be connected to conveyor supporting
stringer. Floors of the conveyor gallery shall be provided with
seal plates and walk way shall be constructed with anti-skid
arrangement.
Conveyor gallery shall have permanently colour
coated metal sheet roof and side cladding shall be of
permanently colour coated non insulating metal. Roof
framing shall be given a slope of 1 vertical: 3 horizontal. A
continuous slot opening of 500mm height shall be provided
on both sides. Windows shall have grills of wire mesh.
D. Trestles
In between transfer points four legged trestles, two legged
trestles may be provided. Trestles shall generally provide
using rolled beams only. For the purpose of analysis one end
of the gallery shall be treated as hinged and other end as
Junction tower is important structure in Coal Handling
rollers.
System. Inspite of other Junction Towers we have chosen
E. Junction Tower Junction tower-16 for analysis and design because four belt
Junction towers are the major component of coal handling conveyors join at this point those are BCN 33A/B, BCN
system. These are supporting structures for the conveyor 36A/B, BCN 28A/B.
system to transfer materials from one location to other Junction tower or Transfer houses are one of the
location. All junction towers would be of structural steel with major component of CHP. Junction towers are provided for
chequered plate covered floors. coal handling conveyor system or any other material
conveyor system, to change direction of conveyor from one
F. Crusher House direction to other direction.
This is the structure where large lumps of coal are crushed The change of direction is achieved by way of
into small pieces. dropping the material from upper level to lower level of
Crusher house is of steel structure is of framed/ conveyor running in different direction. The junction towers
braced design. Floors and roofs shall be of RCC. Roofs shall also facilitates in transferring one belt conveyor to other belt
be given adequate slope for drainage. Adequate window shall conveyor going in two or more direction.
be provided with steel glazed side hung windows using wired The Junction tower also accommodates horizontal
glass. Wherever monorails are projecting outside for lifting and vertical gravity take up in order to maintain the belt
of equipment, steel sliding doors shall be provided. Crusher tension as per the design requirements. It also houses Dust
shall be mounted on the floor framing using vibration Extraction System, screw conveyors Inline Magnetic
isolation system. Handrail shall be provided around all big Separators, Cranes/ Monorails etc.
openings and kerb plates shall be provided around all small
openings. V. INTRODUCTION TO STAAD-PRO
G. Stacker Cum Reclaimers A. Analysis of Junction Tower
It is the place used to store excess coal and it is used whenever  Analysis is carried out using STAAD-Pro software
necessary. Stacker cum reclaimer rail shall be supported on package.
RCC foundations giving continuous support to the rails. The  Appropriate load and its combinations, for most
beams supporting the rails shall be given expansion joint unfavorable effects are chosen for design.
preferably every 30m. Stacker/ reclaimer conveyor support
shall also be provided connecting the above two beams.

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 Analysis & Design of Junction Tower at Thermal Power Plant
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B. STAAD PRO VI. MODELING OF STRUCTURE

STAAD Pro is comprehensive structural engineering The framed structure is idealized as an assemblage of area,
software that addresses all aspects of structural engineering node, line and objects. Those objects are used to represent
including model development, verification, analysis, design column, beam, bracing and link/ spring physical members.
and review of results. It includes advanced dynamic analysis The basic frame geometry is defined with reference to a
and push over analysis for wind load and earthquake load. simple three dimensional grid system. With relatively simple
STAAD Pro is a comprehensive and integrated modeling techniques, very complex framing situation may be
design and finite element analysis tool. The exponential considered.
growth of the Indian as well as the global construction The structure may be unsymmetrical and non-
industry has directly impacted the demand for structural rectangular in plan. Tension behaviour of the floor and inter
engineers. storey compatibility of the floor are accurately reflected in the
It has become important for civil design engineers to results. The solution enforces complete three dimensional
be well equipped with the structural software like STAAD displacement compatibility, making it possible to capture
Pro, since most of the companies are using STAAD as a tool tubular effects associated with the behaviour of tall structure
for designing massive structures, it is imperative that having relatively closely spaced columns.
professionals should get trained in this field too to gain The column, beam and brace elements may be non-
advantage in the highly competitive construction market. prismatic, and they may have partial fixity at their end
It’s a known fact that computers reduce man hours connections. They also may have uniform, partial uniform
required to complete a project, and knowledge of STAAD and trapezoidal load patterns, and they may have temperature
will ensure fast and efficient planning as well as accurate loads, seismic loads, monorail loads. The effects of the finite
execution. dimensions of the beams and columns on the stiffness of a
STAAD Pro is a general purpose program for frame system are included using end offsets that can be
performing the analysis and design of a wide variety of types automatically calculated.
of structures. Modeling is done by using STAAD-PRO (v8i
The basic three activities which are to be carried out to version) software. For this purpose the preliminary step is to
achieve that goal – prepare grid layouts. As our selected structure is (G+4)
1) model generation storey, The next step is to define the material properties, beam
2) the calculations to obtain the analytical results details, column details and the load combinations by referring
3) result verification - are all facilitated by tools contained to IS 456-2000, IS 800.
in the program's graphical environment.
A. Material properties
C. STAAD Pro consists of the following Material name: concrete, steel
The STAAD Pro Graphical User Interface: It is used to Density of concrete: 25 kN/m3
generate the model, which can then be analyzed using the Modulus of elasticity: 254.91X105 N/m2
STAAD engine. After analysis and design is completed, the Poisson’s ratio: 0.2
GUI can also be used to view the results graphically. Grade of concrete: M25
The STAAD analysis and design engine: It is a Grade of steel: Fe 500
general-purpose calculation engine for structural analysis and
integrated Steel, Concrete, Timber and Aluminium design. B. Load combinations
To start with we have solved some sample problems Analysis is carried out for gravity loads using partial safety
using STAAD Pro and checked the accuracy of the results factor as 1.5, Earth quake loads using partial safety factor as
with manual calculations. The results were to satisfaction and 1.2, Mono rail loads, Equipment loads, Temperature loads,
were accurate. In the initial phase of our project we have done Wind loads. The following loads have been considered in the
calculations regarding loadings on buildings and also structural analysis and design as per IS code 456-2000 and IS
considered seismic and wind loads. 800.
Structural analysis comprises the set of physical  Density of RCC = 25 kN/m3
laws and mathematics required to study and predicts the  Density of Steel = 78.50 kN/m3
behaviour of structures. Structural analysis can be viewed
more abstractly as a method to drive the engineering design VII. LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS
process or prove the soundness of a design without a
A. Dead Load
dependence on directly testing it.
Dead Loads consists of the weights of the structure complete
D. Advantages of STAAD.PRO with finishes, fixtures, partitions, wall panels and all
 Fast and gives accurate results. equipment of semi-permanent nature including tanks silos,
 Accurate and quick production of plans for massive beams, partitions, roofing, piping, cable trays, bus ducts etc.,
constructions the content of tanks, silos, beams and hoppers etc., shall be
 Reduces cost and saves labour. measured at full capacity for this purpose.
The unit weight of material shall be considered for
computation of loads given in IS:875 (part-I)

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 Analysis & Design of Junction Tower at Thermal Power Plant
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B. Imposed load 1) DEAD LOAD FOR TYPICAL FLOOR PANELS: ON

Imposed loads in different areas shall include live loads, dust TYPICAL PANELS
loads, minor equipment loads, cable trays, small pipe racks, 2) Slab thickness = 150 mm
hanger erection loads, operation/ maintenance loads, etc., 3) Self weight of slab = 0.150 X 2.5 = 0.375 T/ m2
The loads considered shall not be less than that 4) Floor Gradient (1/80)x8.0 =0.1
specified in IS:875 (part- II). Average Thikness =0.05 m
5) Floor Finish =0.05 ( D.L. of Floor finish is 2.4 T/ m2 as
C. Wind load = 0.1x2400 = 0.240 T/ m2 (as per KPCL specs Vol V Pg
Wind load on structure shall be calculated as per provisions 048 )
of IS:875 (part -III). The wind shall be assumed to blow in TOTAL = 0.615 T/ m2
any direction and most un-favourable condition shall be SAY 0.650 T/ m2
considered for design. Wind loads generally be estimated 6) Dead load on staircase = 0.100 T/ m2
based on 3 sec gust wind as per IS:875 (part- III) however 7) Dead load of sheeting 0.016 T/ m2
wind loads for slender structure (having height to width ratio 8) Dead load of parapet wall = 0.125X2.5X0.9 = 0.281 T/m
exceeding 5) shall be calculated using gust factor method also 9) Dead load from conveyor gallery : -( Ref Mechanical
and higher of the two wind load values shall be considered Drawing)
for analysis. 10) Dead load of wall cladding, runner etc. 50 kg/ m2
In design of stricture, wind force on equipment (APPROXIMATELY)
supported on frame including all fixtures, piping, staircase, 11) Load due to duct or cabel tray = 150 kg/m
ladders etc., shall also be considered. 2) Live Loads:
Imposed loads are the weights of the structures which
D. Seismic Loads
changes with the mode of operation.
Seismic forces shall be as per zone III of IS:1893 part I 1) Live load, dust load, cable tray, small pipe racks/hangers,
The importance factor for all power plant buildings and 2) Minor equipment loads, Erection loads, Operation /
structures shall be taken as 1.75 as per IS:1893 part – IV( maintenance loads, etc.
clause 2.17 Table 5 category 2, Table 2) The following minimum live loads shall be adopted
E. Temperature loads for design of Transfer tower structures in the belt conveyor
system.
Expansion and contraction due to changes of temperatures of 1) Floors of Junction: 5 kN/ m2
materials of a structure shall be considered and adequate 2) Equipment loads: as per actual
provisions shall be made for the effects produced. The 3) Access platform and stairs: 5 kN/ m2
maximum distance of the expansion joint shall be as per the 4) Dust load on Floors: 1 kN/ m2
provisions of IS: 800 and IS:456 for steel and concrete 3) Seismic Analysis:
structures respectively.
Analysis shall be carried out for ambient Z I Sa
temperature variations. The temperature variation shall be Ah 
considered as 2/3 of average maximum annual variation in
2 R g
temperature. The structure shall be designed to withstand  Zone factor (Z) = 0.16 ( Zone III , Table-2, pg.no. 16 IS
thermal stress due to 50% of the temperature variation. 1893:2002 part-I)
Coefficient of thermal expansion of steel shall be taken as per  Importance factor (I) = 1.75 (Table 2, category 2 ; Table
IS:800. 5)
 Response reduction factor (R) = 4 (Table 7 ,pg. no. 23 IS
F. Equipment load
1893:2002 part-I)
Static and dynamic loads of major equipments are based on  Damping = 0.02 ( Table 4, pg. No. 11 IS 1893:2002 part-
the manufacturer’s data of the supplied equipments and shall IV)
be considered in design in addition to the live load. Air and
T a  0 . 085 h
0 . 75
gas duct loads shall include weight of insulation, duct  For steel frame building (pg. no.
attachments dust accumulation loads, seismic, wind and other 24 IS 1893:2002 part- I)
loads applicable.  h= 26.7 m
G. Crane, mono rail, elevator and track mounted vehicle Sa 1 . 36
loads   Ta = 0.998395
g T
Crane girders and supporting columns shall be designed for
 For medium soil (pg. No 16 IS 1893:2002 part I)
vertical and horizontal forces (including impact forces) as per
 Sa/g = 1.362186 (Sa/g) X damping = 0.027244
crane vendor’s data. All lifting beams and mono rails shall
have their design loads  Ah= 0.000954
4) Wind load calculation:
H. Basic Load Data Direction of wind east to west
1) Dead Load: a) Design data:
Self-Weight of structure is taken by STAAD self-weight  Basic wind speed Vb = 39 m/s
command.  Risk factor k1 = 1.06
 Topography factor k3 = 1

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 Analysis & Design of Junction Tower at Thermal Power Plant
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 For terrain category 2 and class C structure,

 Upto 10m height k2 = 0.98
 From 10m to 15m k2 = 1.02
 From 15 to 20m k2 = 1.05
 From 20 to 30m k2 = 1.10
b) Effective wind speed Vz = Vb K1 K2 K3
 upto10m height Vz = 39x1.06x0.98x 1 = 40.5132 m/s
 From 10m to 15m Vz = 39x1.06x1.02x 1 = 42.1668 m/s
 From 15 to 20m Vz = 39x1.06x1.05x 1 = 43.41 m/s
 From 20 to 30m Vz = 39x1.06x1.10x 1 = 45.47 m/s
c) Wind pressure Pd = 0.6Vz2:
 upto10m height Pd = (0.6x40.5132 2) 984.79 N/mm2
100.3865 kg/m2
 From 10m to 15m Pd = (0.6x42.16682) 1066.82 N/mm2
108.7486 kg/m2
 From 15 to 20m Pd = (0.6x43.412) 1130.50 N/mm2 3D STADD MODEL OF JNT-16
115.2396 kg/m2
 From 20 to 30m Pd = (0.6x45.472) 1240.73 N/mm2
126.4761 kg/m2
5) ANALYSIS OF JUNCTION TOWER-16

PLAN AT FIRST FLOOR LEVEL

FRONT ELEVATION
SUPPORT DIAGRAM

STADD FRAMING MODEL FOR JNT-16

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 Analysis & Design of Junction Tower at Thermal Power Plant
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Bea
m 165 192 199 206 179 238 234 329
no.
Stre
ss 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4
Rati 70 30 80 10 28 43 67 19
o

SShear Force Diagram along y direction

Section view of beam

Shear Force Diagram along z direction

VIII. DESIGN OF JUNCTION TOWER-16

A. Design of Columns and Beams
Design procedure is same as that of Design of columns and
beams by using IS 456-2000 and SP-16.
B. Design of Bracing
 The rigid frame structure deflects more than a braced
structure.
 A Braced Frame is a structural system which is designed
Critical load combination on beam primarily to resist wind and earthquake forces. Members
146 DL+LL+EQUIP+(WL +Z)+MR 5+TEMP LOAD in a braced frame are designed to work in tension and
compression, similar to a truss
 Braced frame add stiffness to the structure.
 They are simple to design and analyze.
 In multi-storey buildings, reinforced concrete shear walls
may replace the vertical steel bracing trusses. This type
of construction is used in frames up to about five storey
in height, where strength rather than stiffness governs the
design.

Maximum Bending moment diagram along z direction

Maximum Bending moment diagram along y direction

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 Analysis & Design of Junction Tower at Thermal Power Plant
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C. Design of Side Runner action effectively reduces to one way action in the direction
of the short span although the end beams to carry some slab
D. Design of Floor Slabs
loads. Two way slabs should have their longer span not
E. Design of Slabs exceeding two times the shorter span.
1) General Approach: All slabs are designed as two way slabs with different end
Slabs are plate elements forming floors and roofs of buildings conditions.
and carrying distributed loads primarily by flexure. A slab
may be simply supported or continuous over one or more
supports and is classified according to manner of support and
there are two types slabs.
 One way slabs spanning in one way direction .
 Two way slabs spanning in both the direction.
 Slabs are designed by using the following theories of
bending and shear.
The following methods of analysis are available.
1) Yield line theory,
2) Elastic analysis - idealization into strips,
3) Finite element method.

IX. INTRODUCTION TO SLABS

C. Design of Pedestal
Slabs are plate elements forming floors and roofs of building
and carrying distributed loads primarily by flexure. Inclined When structural steel works are connected to the foundation,
slabs may be used as ramps for multi-storey car parks. A stair pedestals are normally designed to carry loads from metal
case can be considered to be an inclined slab. A slab may be columns through the ground surface to the footings which are
supported by beams or walls and may used as the flange of a located below the ground surface.
T- or L-beam. Moreover, a slab may be simply supported or The purpose of the provision of pedestals is to avoid
continuous over one or more supports and is classified the direct contact of metal columns with soils which may
according to the manner of support: cause possible metal corrosion by soils.
1) One way slabs spanning in one direction, The soils around the pedestals should be properly
2) Two way slab spanning in both the directions, compacted to provide sufficient lateral resistance to prevent
3) Circular slabs, buckling of pedestals
4) Flat slabs resting directly on columns with no beams and
5) Grid floor and ribbed slabs.
A. One Way Slabs
One way slabs are those is which the length is more than twice
the breadth. One way slab can be simply supported
continuously on the two opposite sides so that the loads are
carried along one direction only. The direction in which the
load is carried in one way slabs is called the span. It may be
in the long or shorter direction since the corresponding
bending moment shear forces are the least. The main
reinforcement are provided in the span direction steel is also
provided in the transverse direction, to distribute any
unevenness that may occur in loading and for temperature and
shrinkage effects in that direction. Reinforced concrete slabs
supported on two opposite sides or on all four sides with the D. Design of Base Plate
ratio of long to short span exceeding 2 are referred to as one
SUPPORT DIAGRAM:
way slab.
B. Two Way Slabs
When slabs are supported on four sides, two-way spanning
action occurs. Such slabs may be simply supported or
continuous on any or all sides. The deflections and bending
moments in a two way slab are considerably reduced as
compared to those in a one way slab.
Thus, a thinner slab can carry the same load when
supported on all the four edges. In a square slab, the two way
action is equal in each direction. In long narrow slabs, where
the length is greater than twice the breadth, the two way

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 Analysis & Design of Junction Tower at Thermal Power Plant
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E. DESIGN OF RAFT

MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS DIAGRAM ALONG Y-

DIRECTION

STAAD MODEL FOR RAFT WITH FULL SECTION

BASE PRESSURE DIAGRAM

3D STAAD MODEL FOR RAFT

MAXIMUMMOMENT DIAGRAM ALONG Y-

MAXIMUM STRESS (VON MISSES) DIAGRAM
DIRECTION

MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS DIAGRAM ALONG X-

DIRECTION

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 Analysis & Design of Junction Tower at Thermal Power Plant
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X. CONCLUSION
 The junction house is analyzed with the assumed
sectional properties of members and it is designed in
STAAD-Pro. All members have passed the design
checks in STAAD-Pro.
 Transfer Tower, but steel is chosen for its durability and
easy fabrication. Moreover steel Transfer Tower can be
easily extended in future for its expansion.
 For the concrete tower of the same level as that of steel
tower, the c/s of members is more and because of more
headroom the weight and the space of the structure is also
more and hence unfeasible.
 The junction house is analyzed with the assumed
sectional properties of members and it is designed in
STAAD-Pro. All members have passed the design
checks in STAAD-Pro.
 The construction of concrete junction house is time
consuming while steel junction house structure is faster
to fabricate.
 Transfer Tower can be easily extended in future for its
expansion.
 Steel is durable, recyclable.

REFERENCES
[1] DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE BY Devdas menon
and Unni Krishnan
[2] STEEL STRUCTURES DESIGN AND PRACTICE BY
N Subramanian
[3] DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE (IS-
456:2000) BY N KRISHNARAJU
IS CODE BOOKS
[4] IS-456:2000 - Code of practice for plain and reinforced
concrete.
[5] SP-16 - Design aids for reinforced cocrete.
[6] SP 16 : 1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS
456 : 1978
[7] IS 800 : 1984 Code of practice for general construction
in steel
[8] IS 456 : 2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of
Practice
[9] IS 875 : Part 1 : 1987 Code of practice for design loads
(except earthquake load)for buildings and structures Part
1 Dead load
[10] IS 875 : Part 2 : 1987 Code of practice for design loads
(except earthquake) for buildings and structures: Part 2
Imposed loads
[11] IS 875 : Part 3 : 1987 Code of Practice for Design Loads
(except Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures - Part 3
: Wind Loads
[12] IS 875 : Part 5 : 1987 Code of practice for design loads
(except earthquake) for buildings and structures Part 5
Special loads and load combinations
[13] IS 1893 : Part 1 : 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant
Design of Structures - Part 1 : General Provisions and
Buildings.

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