LL.B.

IV Term

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW - II

Cases Selected and Edited By

Mahavir Singh
Meena S. Panickar
S.K. Singh
Seema Singh
Anju Sinha
Vinod Chauhan
Gautam Kant
Majesh Rana
Anil Kumar Vishwkarma
Pratima Singh

FACULTY OF LAW
UNIVERSITY OF DELHI, DELHI- 110 007
JANUARY 2018
 LL.B. IV Term (January – May 2017)

Paper : LB - 401 - Constitutional Law - II

[Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, Civil Servants
and Amendment of the Constitution]
Prescribed Text: The Constitution of India, 1950
Prescribed Books:
1. Mahendra P. Singh, V. N. Shukla’s Constitution of India (11th ed., 2008)
2. H.M. Seervai, Constitutional Law of India [4th ed., Vol. 1 (1991), Vol. 2
(1993), Vol. 3 (1996)]
3. M.P. Jain, Indian Constitutional Law (5th ed., 2003)
4. D.D. Basu, Shorter Constitution of India (14th ed., 2009)

Topic 1 : Fundamental Rights (General)

(a) ‘State’ under Article 12
01 Som Prakash v. Union of India, 01
AIR 1981 SC 212 : (1981) 1 SCC 449
02 Pradeep Kumar Biswas v. Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 17
(2002) 5 SCC 111
03 G. Basi Reddy v. International Crops Research Institute, 32
JT 2003 (2) SC 180
04 Zee Telefilms Ltd. v. Union of India (2005) 4 SCC 649 35
05 State of U.P. v. Radhey Shyam Rai, 2009(3) SCALE 754 46
06 Jatya Pal Singh v.Union of India (2013) 6SCC 452
07 BCCI v. Cricket Association of Bihar (2015)3 SCC 251
(b) ‘Law’ under Article 13; Also Articles 31A, 31B, 31C, 368
(i) Doctrine of Eclipse
08 Keshavan Madhava Menon v. State of Bombay, 52
AIR 1955 SC 128 : 1951 SCR 228
09 State of Gujarat v. Sri Ambika Mills, AIR 1974 SC 1300 : 55
(1974) 4 SCC 656
10 Bhikaji Narain Dhakras v. State of M. P., AIR 1955 SC 781 73
11 Dr. Janet Jeyapaul v. SRM University AIR 2016 SC 73.
(ii) Waiver of Fundamental Rights
12 Bashesher Nath v. CIT, AIR 1959 SC 149
 (iii) Severability
13. State of Bombay v. F.N. Balsara, AIR 1951 SC 318
14. RMDC v. Union of India, AIR 1957 SC 628
(c) Power of Parliament to modify the fundamental rights (Article 33)
(d) Martial Law (Article 34)

Topic 2 : Right to Equality (Articles 14 – 18)

(a) Equality among Equals; Treating un-equals as equals violates equality

clause
(b) Classification as such not completely prohibited: Reasonable
Classification Permissible
(c) Single Person may be treated as a separate class
(d) Establishment of Special Courts
(e) Conferment and/or exercise of discretionary or arbitrary power is
antithesis of right to equality
(f) Distribution of state largesse
(g) Special provisions for women and children; requirements relating to
residence; requirement of a particular religion being professed by the
incumbent of an office related to a religious or denominational
institution
(h) Protective Discrimination - Reservations in appointments and
promotions; Special provisions for socially and educationally backward
classes of citizens and for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
(i) The Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights
and Full Participation) Act, 1995
(j) The Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Admission) Act,
2006
15. Chiranjit Lal Chaudhary v. Union of India, AIR 1951 SC 41
16. State of W. B. v. Anwar Ali Sarkar, AIR 1952 SC 75
17. Kathi Raning Rawat v. State of Saurashtra, AIR 1952 SC 123 79
18. Indra Sawhney v. Union of India, AIR 1993 SC 477 88
19. Ashoka Kumar Thakur v. Union of India (2008) 6 SCC 1
20. Indra Sawhney v. Union of India, AIR 2000 SC 498
21. Ashoka Kumar Thakur v. State of Bihar (1995) 5 SCC 403 139
22 Gulshan Prakash v. State of Haryana, 2009 (14) SCALE 290 : 189
AIR 2010 SC 2888
 23. Avinash Singh Bagri v. Registrar, IIT, Delhi (2009) 8 SCC 220
24. M. Nagraj v. Union of India (2006) 8 SCC 212 197
25. Rohtas Bhankar v. Union of India (2014) 8 SCC 872
26. Pramati Educational & Cultural Trust v. Union of India (2014)
8 SCC 1
27. Modern Dental College & Res. Cen v. State of Madhya Pradesh
(2016) 7 SCC 353
28. U.P. Power Corpn. Ltd. v. Rajesh Kumar (2012) 7 SCC 1

(k) Abolition of Untouchability (Articles 17, 35)

1. The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
2. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of
Atrocities) Act, 1989
29. State of Karnataka v. Appa Balu Ingale AIR 1993 SC 1126
30. Safai Karmachari Andolan v. Union of India, 27 March 2014
(l) Abolition of Titles (Article 18)
31. Balaji Raghavan v. Union of India, AIR 1996 SC 770

Topic 3 : Right to Freedom (Articles 19 - 22)

(a) Right to Freedoms available only to citizens of India; Foreign nationals and
artificial persons like bodies corporate (companies) are not citizens either under Part
II of the Constitution of India or under the Citizenship Act, 1955
1. Freedom of speech and expression;
2. Freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms;
3. Freedom to form association or unions;
4. Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India;
5. Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India;
6. Freedom to practise any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or
business.
The freedoms are not absolute but subject to reasonable restrictions which can be
imposed by law made by the state for the purposes mentioned in clauses (2) to (6) of
Article 19. The term ‘reasonable restriction’ includes total prohibition.
The Right to Information Act, 2005
The Sports Broadcasting Signals (Mandatory Sharing with Prasar Bharati)
Act, 2007
 32. Bennett Coleman & Co. v. Union of India, AIR 1973 SC 106 222
33. Secretary, Ministry of I & B, State of W. B v. Cricket 237
Association (1995) 2 SCC 161
34. Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2013)12 SCC 73
35. People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) v. Union of India
(2003) 4 SCC 399
36. Communist Party of India (M) v. Bharat Kumar (1998) 1 SCC
201
37. AIADMK v. Chief Secretary, Government of Tamil Nadu
(2007) 1 SCALE 607
38. Chindamanrao v. State of M.P., AIR 1951 SC 118
39. Narendra Kumar v. Union of India, AIR 1960 SC 430
40. State of Gujarat v. Mirzapur Moti Qureshi Kasab Jamat,
AIR 2006 SC 212 (Cow slaughter)
(b) Protection in respect of conviction for offences (Article 20)
(i) Ex-post Facto Law
(ii) Doctrine of Double Jeopardy
(iii) Right against Self Incrimination
41. Smt. Selvi and Ors. v. State of Karnataka, AIR 2010 SC 1974

(c) Protection of life and personal liberty (Article 21)

42. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 597 254
43. National Legal Services Authority v Union of India
(2014)5 SCC 438
44. Animal Welfare Board Of India vs A. Nagaraja & Ors.
(2014)7 SCC 547
45. A K Roy v. Union of India, AIR 1982 SC 710
d) Right to Education (Article 21A)
46. Pramati Educational and Cultural Trust v. Union of India,2014.
e) Protection against arrest and detention (Article 22)
47. D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal (1997) 1 SCC 416 272
48. People’s Union for Civil Rights v. Union of India,
2003 (10) SCALE 967

Topic 4 : Right against Exploitation (Articles 23, 24)

49. People’s Union for Democratic Rights v. Union of India,
AIR 1982 SC 1473
 Topic 5 : Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25 – 28)
The Madhya Pradesh Dharma Swatantraya Adhiniyam, 1968; the Orissa Freedom
of Religion Act, 1967; the T.N. Prohibition of Forcible Conversion Act, 2002; the
Gujarat Freedom of Religion Act, 2003
50. Seshammal v. State of Tamil Nadu (1972) 2 SCC 11 284
51. N. Adithayan v. Travancore Devaswom Board (2002) 8 SCC 106 297
52. Adi Saiva Sivachariyargal Nala Sangam v. The Government of
Tamil Nadu (2016)2 SCC 725
52. Commissioner of Police v. Acharya Jagadishwarananda 308
Avadhuta (2004) 12 SCC 770
53. Bijoe Emmanuel v. State of Kerala (1986) 3 SCC 615 313
54. Rev. Stainislaus v. State of M.P., AIR 1977 SC 908

Topic 6 : Educational and Cultural Rights (Articles 29, 30)

Right to establish and administer educational institutions – rights of minorities and

non-minorities; Degree of State Control in aided and non-aided educational
institutions
55. Islamic Academy of Education v. State of Karnataka, JT 2003 319
(7) SC 1
56. T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka, AIR 2003 SC 355
57. P.A. Inamdar v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 2005 SC 3236

Topic 7 : Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)

Power of Judicial Review under Article 32 is a basic feature of the Constitution;
Concurrent jurisdiction of the High Courts under Article 226 – Res judicata; Laches,
Rule of locus standi, Public Interest Litigation; Existence of alternative remedies;
Nature and scope of relief
Topic 8 : Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)
58. Hon’ble Shri Rangnath Mishra v. Union of India, JT 2003 (7) SC 206

Topic 9 : Directive Principles of State Policy (Articles 36 - 51)

Importance; Relationship, and the effect of inconsistency, between the
Fundamental Rights and legislations aimed at implementing the Directive Principles
of State Policy. Some significant legislations shall be mentioned
 Topic 10 : Civil Servants (Articles 308 - 323)
Doctrine of Pleasure; Power to regulate the recruitment and conditions of service
of civil servants; Constitutional Protection to Civil Servants; All India Services
59. Union of India v. Tulsiram Patel, AIR 1985 SC 1416 : (1985) 3 329
SCC 398
60. J.P. Bansal v. State of Rajasthan, AIR 2003 SC 1405 (2003) 5
SCC 134
61. Managing Director, ECIL v. B. Karunakar, AIR 1994 SC 1074
62. T.N. Rangarajan v. Govt. of Tamil Nadu, AIR 2003 SC 3032

Topic 11 : Amendment of the Constitution (Article 368)

Power and Procedure to amend the Constitution; Limitations on amending Power
-Doctrine of Basic Feature/Structure; Judicial Review of Legislations included in the
Ninth Schedule
63. I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu, AIR 2007 SC 861 : (2007) 2 349
SCC 1
64. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, AIR 1973 SC 1461
65. Kihoto Hollohon v. Zachillhu, AIR 1993 SC 4120
66. L. Chandra Kumar v. Union of India, AIR 1997 SC 1125
67. Madras Bar Association v. Union of India AIR 2015 SC 1571
IMPORTANT NOTE:

1. The topics and cases given above are not exhaustive. The teachers teaching the
course shall be at liberty to add new topics/cases.
2. The students are required to study the legislations as amended up-to-date and
consult the latest editions of books.
3. The question papers set for some previous years are printed below for
guidance.

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