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Chapter 1 Introduction To Computers, Programs, and Java

This document provides an introduction to computers, programming, and the Java programming language. It discusses hardware and software, low-level and high-level programming languages, operating systems, number systems, Java history and development, Java tools, differences between Java and HTML, Java keywords, comments, and common errors when compiling and running Java programs.

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Adidtya Perdana Eva Rinanty
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39 views3 pages

Chapter 1 Introduction To Computers, Programs, and Java

This document provides an introduction to computers, programming, and the Java programming language. It discusses hardware and software, low-level and high-level programming languages, operating systems, number systems, Java history and development, Java tools, differences between Java and HTML, Java keywords, comments, and common errors when compiling and running Java programs.

Uploaded by

Adidtya Perdana Eva Rinanty
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers, Programs, and Java

1. A computer is an electronic device that stores and processes data. A computer


includes both hardware and software. In general, hardware is the physical aspect of
the computer that can be seen, and software is the invisible instructions that control
the hardware and make it work. The hardware of a computer consists of a CPU,
cache, memory, hard disk, floppy disk, monitor, printer, and communication devices.

2. The machine language is a set of primitive instructions built into every computer.
Assembly language is a low-level programming language in which a mnemonic is
used to represent each of the machine language instructions. The high-level
languages are English-like and easy to learn and program.

3. The operating system (OS) is a program that manages and controls a computer’s
activities. The examples of OS are Windows 98, NT, 2000, XP, or ME. Windows.
Application programs such as an Internet browser and a word processor run on top of
an operating system.

4. 100 in decimal => 64 in hex


100 in decimal => 01100100 in binary

4340 in decimal => 10F4 in hex


4340 in decimal => 1000011110100 in binary

2000 in decimal => 7D0 in hex


2000 in decimal => 11111010000

5.
1000011001 in binary => 219 in hex
1000011001 in binary => 537 in decimal

100000000 in binary => 100 in hex


100000000 in binary => 256 in decimal

100111 in binary => 27 in hex


100111 in binary => 39 in decimal

6.
FEFA9 in hex => 1044393 in decimal
FEFA9 in hex => 11111110111110101001 in binary

93 in hex => 147 in decimal


93 in hex => 10010011 in binary

2000 in hex => 8192 in decimal


2000 in hex => 10000000000000 in binary

7. Developed by a team led by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems in 1991. Originally


called Oak, it became Java in 1995 when it was redesigned for developing Internet
applications.

Java can run on any platform with a Java Virtual Machine. The minimum requirement
is the Java Runtime Environment, free from the www.javasoft.com.

8. The input is the Java source code and the output is the Java bytecode (if compiled
successfully).

9. JBuilder by Borland, Sun ONE Studio by Sun, Café by WebGain, Visual Age for
Java by IBM are the tools for developing Java programs, not dialects of Java. These
tools make developing Java programs easier and more productive.

10. HTML is a markup language for displaying static Web pages. Java is a full-fledged
programming language that can be used to develop dynamic Web pages. The Java
programs that run from a Web browser are called applets. Java applets must be
embedded in HTML files using the <applet> tag.

11. Keywords have specific meaning to the compiler and cannot be used for other
purposes in the program such as variables or method names. Examples of keywords
are class, static, and void.

12. Java source code is case sensitive. Java keywords are always in lowercase.

13. The source file extension is .java and the bytecode file extension is .class.

14. Comments are used to document what a program is for and how a program is
constructed. Comments help the programmers or users to communicate and
understand the program. Comments are not programming statements and are ignored
by the compiler. In Java, comments are preceded by two forward slashes (//) in a line
or enclosed between /* and */ in multiple lines. When the compiler sees //, it ignores
all text after // in the same line. When it sees /*, it scans for the next */ and ignores
any text between /* and */.

15. System.out.println(...);
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, “Hello world”);

16. Line 2. Main should be main.


Line 2. static is missing.
Line 3: Welcome to Java! should be enclosed inside double quotation marks.

17. javac is the JDK command to compile a program program. java is the JDK command
to run a program.
18. Java interpreter cannot find the .class file. Make sure you placed the .class in the right
place, and invoked java command with appropriate package name.

19. The class does not have a main method, or the signature of the main method is
incorrect.

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