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PSY4306 Exam 1 Study Guide

This document provides an overview and study guide for an exam on major theories of personality. It summarizes key concepts from chapters covering Freudian psychoanalysis including the id, ego, superego and psychosexual stages; Jungian analytical psychology such as the collective unconscious and archetypes; and Adlerian individual psychology including feelings of inferiority and social interest. Students are given definitions and instructed to know differences between related concepts from each theory as well as criticisms and contributions of each approach.

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188 views4 pages

PSY4306 Exam 1 Study Guide

This document provides an overview and study guide for an exam on major theories of personality. It summarizes key concepts from chapters covering Freudian psychoanalysis including the id, ego, superego and psychosexual stages; Jungian analytical psychology such as the collective unconscious and archetypes; and Adlerian individual psychology including feelings of inferiority and social interest. Students are given definitions and instructed to know differences between related concepts from each theory as well as criticisms and contributions of each approach.

Uploaded by

Manny D
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Theories of Personality

Exam 1 Study Guide

Chapter 1: Introduction

Definitions of personality
Three concerns of personality theories
 We are like everyone else
 We are like come people
 We are uniquely different
Nature-nurture controversy of personality theory (also known as the nativism-empiricism controversy)
Where does personality come from?
 Traits
 Genetics
 Sociocultural determinants
 Learning
 Existential-humanistic considerations
 Unconscious mechanisms
Personality paradigms and corresponding theorists
 Psychodynamic paradigm
 Sociocultural paradigm
 Trait paradigm
 Learning paradigm
 Existential-humanistic paradigm
 Also know: Evolutionary paradigm (theorist: David Buss)

Chapter 2: Freud

Instincts
 Four characteristics
 Life instincts (eros) and death instincts (thanatos)
Divisions of the mind
 Id (also know the difference between reflex action and wish fulfillment)
 Superego (also know the difference between conscience and ego ideal
 Ego
Anxiety
 Reality anxiety
 Neurotic anxiety
 Moral anxiety
Ego-defense mechanisms
 Repression (also know primal repression and repression proper)
 Displacement (also know displaced aggression)
 Identification
 Denial of reality
 Projection
 Undoing
 Rationalization
 Regression
Psychosexual stages of development
 Basics
o When is adult personality completely formed?
o How does fixation occur?
o Erogenous zones for each stage
 Oral stage
o Early oral stage
o Later oral stage
o Oral-incorporative character and oral-sadistic character
 Anal stage
o Early anal stage
o Later anal stage
o Anal-expulsive character and anal-retentive character
 Phallic stage
o Castration anxiety
o Penis envy
 Latency stage
 Genital stage
Methods to tap the unconscious mind
 Free association
o Examples of resistance
 Dream analysis
o Dream work
 Condensation
 Displacement
o Secondary revision
 Manifest content
 Latent content
 Everyday life
o Freudian slips
 Humor
Evaluation
 Major criticisms of theory
o Sexist
o Pessimistic of human nature
o Not testable or falsifiable
 Major contributions
o Ego-defense mechanisms

Chapter 3: Jung

Components of the mind


 Ego
 Personality unconscious (also know complexes)
 Collective unconscious (also know archetypes)
Major archetypes
 Persona
 Anima
 Animus
 Shadow
 Self
Two attitudes (introversion and extroversion) and four functions of thought (sensing, thinking, feeling,
intuiting)
Eight personality types
 Thinking extrovert, feeling extrovert, sensing extrovert, intuiting extrovert
 Thinking introvert, feeling introvert, sensing introvert, intuiting introvert
Also know Jung’s stages of development
Research techniques
 Word-association test
 Studying psychotic patients
 Studying dreams (also know the difference between Jung and Freud in how they analyzed
dreams)
 Studying other cultures for commonalities
Evaluation
 Major criticism
o Too much emphasis on mysticism
o Unclear, inconsistent, contradictory
o Elitist
o Not testable or falsifiable
 Major contributions
o First to propose self-realization (beginnings for the existential-humanistic paradigm)
o Optimistic about human nature
o Popularity in contemporary psychology

Chapter 4: Adler

Feelings of inferiority
 Also know compensation and overcompensation
 Where do they come from?
 Source of motivation
 Superiority
 Inferiority and superiority complexes
How does someone’s worldview relate to fictional finalism and lifestyle?
Social interest (what is it and what’s the purpose?)
 Occupational tasks
 Societal tasks
 Love and marriage tasks
Mistaken lifestyles (lack of social interest)
 Why is this bad?
 Examples of mistaken lifestyles
o People with inferiority and superiority complexes
o Personality types: rule-domineering, getting-leaning, avoiding
 Socially useful types = not a mistaken lifestyle
 Causes of mistaken lifestyles
o Physical inferiority
o Spoiling or pampering
o Neglecting
Safeguarding strategies (protecting a mistaken lifestyle)
 Excuses
 Aggression
o Depreciation
o Accusation (also know idealization and solitude)
o Self-accusation
 Distancing
o Types of distancing (moving backwards, standing still, hesitating, constructing obstacles,
experiencing anxiety, exclusion tendency)
Research techniques
 Birth order (first born, second born, youngest child, only child)
 First memories
 Dream analysis
 Behavioral mannerisms
Evaluation
 Recent findings on birth order research
 Major criticisms
o Not falsifiable
o Overly simplistic
 Major contributions
o Importance of environment or situation on personality development
o Influential (lifestyle, inferiority/superiority complex)

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