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MIS Assignment

A DSS is used to achieve effectiveness in decision making by providing decision support, while an MIS is used to achieve efficiency in an organization's operations. For example, a study found that a DSS contributed to improved decision quality over time by providing support, but removal of the DSS showed reliance effects rather than better conceptual understanding from use. An MIS example showed how information technology improved efficiency of school administrative tasks like data storage and reporting, as well as utilization of resources, workload reduction, and time management.

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3K views4 pages

MIS Assignment

A DSS is used to achieve effectiveness in decision making by providing decision support, while an MIS is used to achieve efficiency in an organization's operations. For example, a study found that a DSS contributed to improved decision quality over time by providing support, but removal of the DSS showed reliance effects rather than better conceptual understanding from use. An MIS example showed how information technology improved efficiency of school administrative tasks like data storage and reporting, as well as utilization of resources, workload reduction, and time management.

Uploaded by

Ayan Lamba
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ASSIGNMENT

MIS

Ques: What do you mean by MIS? What are its applications in the area of HR?
A management information system (MIS) is an information system used for decision-
making, and for the coordination, control, analysis, and visualization of information in an
organization; especially in a company. The study of management information systems
examines people and technology in an organizational context.
In a corporate setting, the ultimate goal of the use of a management information system is to
increase the value and profits of the business.
While it can be contested that the history of management information systems date as far
back as companies using ledgers to keep track of accounting, the modern history of MIS can
be divided into five eras originally identified by Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane Laudon in their
seminal textbook Management Information Systems.

 First Era – Mainframe and minicomputer computing


 Second Era – Personal computers
 Third Era – Client/server networks
 Fourth Era – Enterprise computing
 Fifth Era – Cloud computing

The terms management information systems (MIS), information system (IS) , enterprise
resource planning (ERP), computer science, electrical computer engineering, and information
technology management (IT) are often confused. MIS is a hierarchical subset of information
systems. MIS are more organization-focused narrowing in on leveraging information
technology to increase business value. Computer science is more software-focused dealing
with the applications that may be used in MIS. Electrical computer engineering is product-
focused mainly dealing with the architecture behind computer systems. ERP software is a
subset of MIS and IT management refers to the technical management of an IT department
which may include MIS.
In an organisation manager will have varieties of tasks to manage. MIS is created to help the
managers to take care of their needs. MIS as a system can be broken down into sub system;
each sub system may be programmed. This results in easy access of data, accuracy of data
and information. It helps in maintaining consistency of data. Information is available in
abundance in HRIS. It aids in integrating the information generated by various departments
of the organisation.
Applications:
 Payroll
 Time and attendance
 Appraisal performance
 Recruitment
 Performance record
 Scheduling
 Absence management

Ques: Contrast between the two:


1. Centralised vs Distributed Processing
In centralized computing all the processing is handled by a central system. It is more secure
as all the data and processing is handled at single place. But if the central system is down the
whole system crashes. A centralized database has all its data on one place. As it is totally
different from distributed database which has data on different places. In centralized database
as all the data reside on one place so problem of bottle-neck can occur, and data availability is
not efficient as in distributed database
In distributed computing a problem is divided into many tasks and these task are completed
by different systems connected through each other over the network. It is less secure than
centralized computing as data is distributed across several computers. But even if one or two
computer goes down the entire system does not crash. The other computers continue their
work. So, you can upgrade your system without completely shutting it down.

2. Database vs Data Warehouse


A database is a collection of information stored in an organized manner. Many
enterprises and organizations create and manage databases using a database
management system. Special DBMS software can be used create and store product
inventory and customer information, for example.
Organizations most often use databases for online transaction processing (OLTP).
Database software needs to provide easy access to information and fast querying so
that transactions can be carried out efficiently. Databases are often referred to as
operational systems, meaning they are used to process day-to-day transactions in an
organization.
A data warehouse is a system that pulls together data from many different sources
within an organization for reporting and analysis. The reports created from complex
queries within a data warehouse are used to make business decisions.
Data warehouses are used for online analytical processing (OLAP), which uses
complex queries to analyze rather than process transactions.
 Data warehouses and databases are both relational data systems, but were built
to serve different purposes. A data warehouse is built to store large quantities
of historical data and enable fast, complex queries across all the data, typically
using Online Analytical Processing (OLAP). A database was built to store
current transactions and enable fast access to specific transactions for ongoing
business processes, known as Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)
Ques: What is data? How is it different from information? With the help of suitable
example prove that “every information is a processed data but reverse is not true”.
Data is a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables. Data and information are often used
interchangeably; however, the extent to which a set of data is informative to someone depends on
the extent to which it is unexpected by that person.

While the concept of data is commonly associated with scientific research, data is collected by a
huge range of organizations and institutions, including businesses (e.g., sales data, revenue,
profits, stock price), governments (e.g., crime rates, unemployment rates, literacy rates) and non-
governmental organizations (e.g., censuses of the number of homeless people by non-profit
organizations).

Data is measured, collected and reported, and analyzed, whereupon it can be visualized using
graphs, images or other analysis tools. Data as a general concept refers to the fact that some
existing information or knowledge is represented or coded in some form suitable for better usage
or processing. Raw data ("unprocessed data") is a collection of numbers or characters before it has
been "cleaned" and corrected by researchers. Raw data needs to be corrected to remove outliers or
obvious instrument or data entry errors (e.g., a thermometer reading from an outdoor Arctic
location recording a tropical temperature). Data processing commonly occurs by stages, and the
"processed data" from one stage may be considered the "raw data" of the next stage. Field data is
raw data that is collected in an uncontrolled "in situ" environment. Experimental data is data that is
generated within the context of a scientific investigation by observation and recording. Data has
been described as the new oil of the digital economy.

When data are processed, interpreted, organized, structured or presented so as to make them
meaningful or useful, they are called information. For example, a list of dates — data — is
meaningless without the information that makes the dates relevant (dates of holiday).
For Example: Each student's test score is one piece of data. The average score of a class or
of the entire school is information that can be derived from the given data.
Every information is a processed data but not every data is a information. We get information
only by converting . translating the data into information. But if the data is not converted it
will be if no use as it states no information so it will not be useful.
Ques: A DSS is used to achieve effectiveness while as MIS is used to achieve the
efficieny. Comment with suitable example.
Ans: Despite the large number of empirical investigations of DSS on decision outcomes, very
few studies have incorporated longitudinal designs to assess DSS effectiveness. This study
proposes that effects of DSS on decision outcomes develop over time. The study evaluated
whether improvements in decision quality typically associated with DSS were due primarily
to ‘development’ or ‘reliance’ effects. Using an add-on and take-away design, we examined
whether introduction of DSS contributes to decision quality after controlling for task
familiarity. We also evaluated decision-makers' performance after removing the DSS. Results
indicated that although DSS contributed to decision quality after controlling for task
familiarity, increased decision performance of DSS-aided decision makers may be due to
reliance rather than better conceptual understanding of the decision problem. Implications of
these results for design and implementation of DSS are discussed.

The use of information technology in educational management has rapidly increased due to
its efficiency and effectiveness. In the initial stages of its development, management
information systems (MIS) main purpose and usage was to improve the efficiency of school
office activities. It was used to store student and personnel data. The most concern was being
focused on data entry and collation, rather than upon data transfer or analysis. The value of
management information was recognized during its integration stages. Overall review of
literature highlighted positive impact of MIS on school administration and management
including better accessibility to information, more efficient administration, higher utilization
of school resources, reduction in workload, better time management, and improvement in the
quality of reports. A number of inhibitors to MIS use are evident in the literature; foremost
among these are lack of time, lack of confidence or skills, lack of training, lack of senior
management support, and lack of technical support. MIS can provide administrators and
teachers with the information required for informed planning, policy-making, and evaluation.
MIS have changed school management in the areas of leadership, decision making, workload,
human resource management, communication, responsibility, and planning. These systems
can assist the school manager in determining the aims of the school, formulating strategic
plans, distributing resources, and evaluating staff performance as well as organizational
success.

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