FOG SCREEN

A Technical Seminar Report

in partial fulfillment of the degree

Bachelor of Technology

in

Computer Science & Engineering

by

O.ALEKYA (15K41A05G0)

Submitted to

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

S R ENGINEERING COLLEGE (A), ANANTHASAGAR, WARANGAL
(Affiliated to JNTUH, Accredited by NAAC A Grade)

2018-2019
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Seminar Report entitled “FOG SCREEN” is a record
of bonafide work carried out by the student O. Alekya bearing Roll No
15K41A05G0 during the academic year 2018-19 in partial fulfillment of the award of
the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering by the
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad.

Seminar Incharge Head of the Department

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to take this opportunity to express my sincere and deep sense of respect to our

beloved principal Dr. V Mahesh, S R Engineering College for providing an excellent

academic atmosphere in the institution

I express heartfelt thanks to the Head of Department, Computer Science & Engineering

Mr A. Srinivas for providing me with necessary infrastructure and thereby giving me

freedom to carry out the work.

I also thank the other staff members and friends who assisted me.

Finally, I thank my parents who inspired me always to do the best

 Abstract

Fog Screen is breakthrough technology that allows projection of high quality

images in the air. It is currently the only walk -through projection screen. You can
literally use the air as your user interface by touching only the air with your bare hands.
The screen is created by using a suspended fog generating device with no frame
around, and works with video projectors. The fog they use is dry, so it doesn’t make you
wet even if you stay under the Fog Screen device for a long time. The fog is made of
ordinary water with no chemicals what so ever. With two projectors, you can
project different images on both sides of the screen. It is a display device which is
the application of computer graphics.

Fog Screen technology is a high-tech version of the technology in a cool air humidifier. Tap
water is pumped into the fog tank where it is blasted with ultrasound, turning it instantly into a
thick fog made of tiny water particles 2-3 microns in diameter. The tank’s internal design plus
3 sets of fans work together to create a very thin wall of mist about half of an inch thick. One
set of fans blows the fog downwards while the other two sandwiches the fog between air
curtains so that it becomes a smooth projection screen.
Fog Screen's basic patented technology presents an enormous number of
possible applications, sizes, forms, technical extensions (3D, for example), and versions. It can
be merged with many technologies. For example computer-vision-based finger tracking could
enable drawing in thin air, gaming, or a "fog web browser." With interactivity, the Fog Screen
becomes an immaterial computer touch screen with nearly unlimited applications.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO TOPIC PAGE NO

1. INTRODUCTION...…………………………………………………………….1

2. EXISTING SYSTEM...………………..………………………………………..2

2.1 DISADVANTAGES…………………..……………….……………………….4

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM…………………………………………………………….5

3.1 FOG SCREEN…………………………………………………………………….5

3.2 UNDER THE SURFACE……………………………………..………………….6

3.3 FORMATION OF FOG SCREEN…………………………………………..…....7

3.4 DIAGRAM OF FOG SCREEN GENERATION………………………………....8

3.5 WORKING OF FOG MACHINE………………………………………….………9

3.6 FOG SCREEN MOVE THINGS FORWARD…………………………………….10

4. APPLICATION………………………………………….………………………...12

5. ADVANTAGES…………………………………………………………………...13

6. LIMITATIONS…………………………………………………………………….14

7. OPPERTUNITIES……………..…………………………………….……………..15

8. SUCCESS OF FOG SCREEN……………………………………………………..16

9. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………….17

10. REFERENCES…………………………………………………………….18
 Chapter 1

Introduction

Inspired by science fiction movies such as Star Wars, two Finnish virtual reality researchers
created the Fog Screen to recreate some of the effects from these movies in real life.

Fog Screen is an exciting new projection technology that allows to project images and video
onto a screen of dry fog, creating the illusion that the images are floating in midair.

Fog Screen is the world’s first immaterial walk-through projection screen. Its

Qualities, in particular the walk-through capability, set Fog Screen apart from other displays
and thus created a seemingly successful market for its products.

The Fog Screen is an innovative display technology that allows for projections on a thin layer
of dry fog. Imagine the traditional pull down screen that is found in many classrooms today.
Instead of a screen being pulled down from the ceiling, fog is pushed down and held in place
by several small fans, allowing for a consistent surface for display.

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 Chapter 2

Existing System

A projection screen is an installation consisting of a surface and a support structure used for
displaying a projected image for the view of an audience. Projection screens may be
permanently installed as in a movie theater, painted on the wall, semi-permanent or mobile, as
in a conference room or other non-dedicated viewing space such as an outdoor movie
screening (open air cinema). Uniformly white or grey screens are used almost exclusively as to
avoid any discoloration to the image, while the most desired brightness of the screen depends
on a number of variables, such as the ambient light level and the luminous power of the image
source. Flat or curved screens may be used depending on the optics used to project the image
and the desired geometrical accuracy of the image production, flat screens being the more
common of the two. Screens can be further designed for front or back projection, the more
common front projection systems having the image source situated on the same side of the
screen as the audience.

Different markets exist for screens targeted for use with digital projectors, movie projectors,
overhead projectors and slide projectors, although the basic idea for each of them is very much
the same: front projection screens work on diffusely reflecting the light projected on to them,
whereas back projection screens work by diffusely transmitting the light through them.

In commercial movie theaters, the screen is a reflective surface that may be either aluminized
(for high contrast in moderate ambient light) or a white surface with small glass beads (for
high brilliance under dark conditions). The screen also has hundreds of small, evenly spaced
holes to allow air to and from the speakers and subwoofer, which often are directly behind it.

Rigid wall-mounted screens maintain their geometry perfectly just like the big movie screens,
which makes them suitable for applications that demand exact reproduction of image
geometry. Such screens are often used in home theaters, along with the pull-down screens.

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Pull-down screens (also known as Manual Wall Screens) are often used in spaces where a
permanently installed screen would require too much space. These commonly use painted
fabric that is rolled in the screen case when not used, making them less obtrusive when the
screen is not in use.

Electric screens can be wall mounted, ceiling mounted or ceiling recessed. These are often
larger screens, though electric screens are available for home theater use as well. Electric
screens are similar to pull-down screens, but instead of the screen being pulled down manually,
an electric motor raises and lowers the screen. Electric screens are usually raised or lowered
using either a remote control or wall-mounted switch, although some projectors are equipped
with an interface that connects to the screen and automatically lowers the screen when the
projector is switched on and raises it when the projector is switched off.

Switchable projection screen can be switched between opaque and clear. In the opaque state,
projected image on the screen can be viewed from both sides. It is very good for advertising on
store windows.
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2.1 Disadvantages of Existing System

1. Projections can be Obscured

Projections can be obscured by people sitting in front of the projection source.
Direct presentation screens, although more expensive, feed the presentation directly
from the source-such as a laptop or desktop computer-into the screen, with no
projection required.
2. Storage Space
Whiteboard projection screens require a lot of storage space or take up a lot of wall
space if mounted on a wall. Pull-down projection screens, which mount in an
extremely small space on the wall, take a lot less storage space.
3. Sizing Issues and Setup
Fixed-size screens that don't roll down from a wall often don't match up to the
height of the projection. They are frequently too high or too short, and the
projection source has to be adjusted to accommodate the screen. Pull-down screens
can be mounted high on the wall and can be sized big enough to pull all the way to
the floor, saving time when setting up the projection.
4. Damage to the Screen
If a whiteboard projection screen is set up permanently, people can be tempted to
draw on it, particularly in a school setting with young children. Drawings done in
many types of ink are extremely difficult to clean off. Roll-down screens can be set
at a height that limits access.
5. Health Dangers
Many health officials have protested the use of whiteboard projection screens in
schools, claiming that the projection beam can damage students' retinas. Some
students and teachers have reported feeling dizzy or dazed after looking at the
projection beam..
 Chapter 3
3.1 Fog Screen
It is one type of advanced projecting device which consumes water and electricity to form fogs
on which images are projected. Fog Screen is a patented technology, which Rakkolainen, one
of the senior researchers and founders behind this technology, describes as, ”an immaterial
projection screen that consists of air and a little humidity, and enables high-quality projected
images in thin-air, as well as many new applications.´.
Fog Screen is an exciting new projection technology that allows you
to project images and video onto a screen of “dry” fog, creating the illusion that the images are
floating in midair. Fog Screen is a just that, a 2D projection screen, but not a
common opaque screen like hundreds of others in the market, rather an
immaterial screen. The word immaterial in relation to display systems refers to those
that create that sense of imagery floating in mid-air, usually created using water, smoke
or fog. Fog screen is one such immaterial screen and uses the method of fog on
which to project imagery. The Fog Screen is an innovative display technology that
allows for projections on a thin layer of dry fog. Imagine the traditional pull down
screen that is found in many classrooms today. Instead of a screen being pulled
down from the ceiling, fog is pushed down and held in place by several small
fans, allowing for a consistent surface for display. A user may simply stand back
and view the material but can also reach or walk through the fog. A user may also
interact with objects displayed in the fog with the use of an input device like a data glove,
a tracked wand, or simply using hands . Currently, there are only nine Fog Screens
available in the world. Fog Screen is an exciting new projection technology that
allows you to project images and video onto a screen of “dry” fog, creating the illusion
that the images are floating in midair. You can literally use the air as your user
interface by touching only the air with your bare hands. The screen is created by using a
suspended fog generating device with no frame around, and works with video
projectors. The fog they use is dry, so it doesn’t make you wet even if you stay
under the Fog Screen device for a long time.

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 The fog is made of ordinary water with no chemicals whatsoever. The Fog Screen
is a display technology that instead of using a traditional screen uses a thin layer
of dry fog as the display surface. The system starts with water that is held in a
large plastic container or comes from a regular water pipe. This water is drawn through a
plastic tube via a small engine. Users have the ability to control the density and
flow of the fog and the strength of the sandwiching air streams. With two projectors,
we can project different images on both sides of the screen. The Fog Screen is a new
invention which makes objects seems to appear and move in thin air! It is a Screen
you can walk through! The Fog Screen is created by using a suspended Fog
generating device; there is no frame around the screen. The installation is easy: just replace
the conventional screen with Fog Screen. We don’t need to change anything else it
works with standard video projectors. The fog we are using is dry, so it doesn’t make
you wet even if you stay under the Fog Screen device for a long time. The fog is made of
ordinary water with no chemicals whatsoever. With two projectors, you can
project different images on both sides of the screen crisp, and protected from turbulence.
. All the important principles of Fog Screen technology have patent pending. The
basic components of the screen are alumina, on-turbulent airflow, and a thin fog screen created
this way, the fog screen is an internal part of the laminar airflow, and remains thin and
turbulence

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3.2 Un d e r t h e S u r f a c e

As already mentioned, the screen is made up of a layer of fog. It is therefore quite unique
that such a substance could allow for clear and undisturbed image projection. The
secret lies in how this layer of fog in maintained.Palovuori writes that the Fog
Screen creates a large non-turbulent airflow to protect a dry fog flow inside it from
turbulence (see Figure1). The outer airflow may get slightly turbulent, but the inner fog
layer remains thin and crisp. In a sense, the outer a i r -flow is like air curtains t h a t
sandwich the fog flow and maintain its integrity

Principle of the Fog Screen

DiVerdi further explains that ordinary tap water (droplets of 2-3 microns) becomes
strapped inside this inner layer, and that “even though the fog is made of water, it
appears dry to the touch, just like air.” Therefore, the technology is, rather simple in nature,
making use of water and one device located above the screen to maintain the above
mentioned airflow. The Fog Screen works very much like an ordinary screen in terms
of projection properties. Fog Screen is best when used for real projection situations.
Distance between projector and screen should be a minimum of 2 meters.

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3.3 Formation of fog screen

 It is formed by using ordinary tap water and digital technology like

ultrasonic device to create a thin layer of dry fog which is sandwiched between
two air-curtains.
 The fog is created by suspended fog generating device.
 The fog is made up of ordinary tap water with no chemicals

Fog Screen creates a dry´ fog by ensuring that the water droplets are in the range of 2-3
microns in size and are electro statically charged so that they move around and away from
other objects. The fog is made within the device using water and ultrasonic waves. If you hold
your hands in the fog flow, the fog feels dry and cool, and your hands do not get wet.

After the screen is formed, images can be projected onto it. The screen can be translucent or
fully opaque. The fog we are using is dry, so it doesn’t make you wet even if you stay under
the Fog Screen device for a long time. The fog is made of ordinary water with no chemicals
whatsoever. With two projectors, you can project different images on both sides of the screen.
The founders of the Fog Screen were intrigued with the prospect of creating an image that
could float in the air and that people could walk through (that is the Princess Leia effect). They
set out to make a projected image float in the air by using different media such as dust, water,
fog. And then a mist of tiny water droplets. They then had to iterate their design repeatedly to
ensure that people would not get wet and that the Fog Screen could operate within a broad
range of environmental conditions. The ultrasonic transducer is used to divide the water into
small and tiny water droplets as the fog which we are using here is completely dry and it is
light. If we will take lager water droplets then it will create wet fog which can’t be used in the
formation of screen. The fog we are using is dry, so it doesn’t make you wet even if you stay
under the Fog Screen device for a long time. With two projectors, you can project different
images on both sides of the screen.

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3.4 Diagram of Fog Screen generation
Here in two side air flow is given to make a constant flow of fog for the display of image.
Because if the outside air will enter then it may create disturbance in displaying
the image. As the fog here we are using are dry and very light.
The fog is made within the device using water and ultrasonic waves. If you hold your hands in
the fog flow, the fog feels dry and cool, and your hands do not get wet. After the screen is
formed, images can be projected onto it. The screen can be translucent or fully opaque.

3.5 Working of Fog Ma c h ine

 Fog Screen technology is a high-tech version of the technology in a cool air
humidifier.
 Tap water is pumped into the fog tank where it is blasted with ultrasound,
turning it instantly into a thick fog made of tiny water particles 2-3 microns in
diameter. The tank’s internal design plus 3 sets of fans work together to create a very
thin wall of mist about half of an inch thick. One set of fans blows the fog
downwards while the other two sandwiches the fo g between air curtains so
that it becomes a smooth projection screen. Fog Screen works much like
many screens in terms of its projection properties and requires a 2kw power
supply. A major difference is the need for a water supply, with on screen
using fifty liters of tap water per hour. The Device situated above the fog
screen enables the purification of the water via a silver-ion channel and minerals
within the tank are cleaned out through regular maintenance.
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 The opacity will depend on a number of factors, mainly fog density, the
projector, image brightness, and the background. It appears to be a very
versatile technology and can be combin ed with many methods in order to
achieve the imagery required, such as pseudo 3Ddisplay and mechanisms to
allow further interactivity via tracking. The founders of the Fog Screen
were intrigued with the prospect of creating an image that could float in the
air and that people could walk through. They set out to make a projected
image float in the air by using different media such as dust, water, fog, and
then a mist of tiny water droplets. They then had to iterate their design repeatedly
to ensure that people would not get wet and that the Fog Screen could
operate within a broad range of environmental conditions.

3.6 Fog screen move things forward

It is important to recognize the uniqueness of Fog Screen technology. It is not
the world’s first immaterial screen, but the first immaterial walk-through screen. This
simple fact is what distinguishes Fog Screen from all other displays.
Rakkolainen continues to explain the uniqueness of the technology by
mentioning how other displays can create the floating imagery effect but
none are penetrable. There are water screens creating huge displays for
large audiences but they provide poor image quality. Such large water
based displays are also wet and so impractical for indoors, and walk-through
interaction. There have also been earlier technologies closely similar to Fog
Screen making use of forgather than water. However, they are typically wet and
turbulence affecting such screens seriously reduces the fidelity of imagery.
To reiterate what has been mentioned above, Fog Screen creates a non -
turbulent airflow of dry fog, cool to the touch. Erdem mentions in an article
on performing arts how this quality means that performers or anyone interacting with
the screen for that matter will not be restricted by the fog layer. One can walk freely
through the layer and the imagery will not be dispersed or dist o r t ed. Fog Screen
technology not only is unique as a stand-alone display. Its qualities, mainly his
i m m a t erial nature and walk-through capabilities, allow for very advanced
interface design.
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 Olwal and other researchers have written that Fog Screens “dual-sided
nature allows for new possibilities in multi-user face-to-face collaboration and pseudo-
3Dvisualization.”Images can be projected on both sides of the screen creating a3D visual
effect as shown in figure below.

Figure 2, support for dual-sided projection allows two independent images to be

projected on each side, such that a3D application can render two interactive views for a pseudo-
3D effect ( Olwal et al, 2006)
Olwal has created several pseudo-3D interactive applications, an example
being Elastic Surface Denominator This interactive application allows a user
to stretch and sculpt, as well as to move and rotate a 3Dmodel of a head as shown
in Figure 2.Not only has Fog Screen been used with such psuedo-3D displays, it is
the centre part of many ongoing efforts towards real volumetric 3D displays.
Dr Benzie in a large survey of 3D displays writes how volumetric displays are in a
more advanced stage of development with many already having a profitable
market as with Fog Screen. It appears therefore, that Fog Screen is a vital
display for many researches in the world of 3DTV.

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 Chapter 4
APPLICATIONS

 Fog Screen has been used in live malls, product launches, museums, to
attract more and more peoples.
 It is used in case of projection a 3D image esp. in studies.
 It can be used in seminars to make it more interactive (we can walk t hrough
the screen).
It can be used in place of air curtain in clubs to make it attractive.
Museums, events, trade shows, night clubs, casinos, TV shows, and amusement
parks are a number of areas where Fog Screen has been put into effective use.
One industry where it excels is in advertising. Lugmayr describes how Fog Screen
can be used in conjunction with laser scanner drivers, interactivity and
rendering modules, and a flash application. This creates an effective
advertisement that entices a user to walk through. A user could for example,
select a brick wall, or a waterfall via touch, walk through and by doing so
see screen afterwards. Viewers tend to remain captivated by such an interactive display
as opposed to others. Fog Screens use in trade shows has b een well received.
Nokia, one of many using the Fog Screen products, installed a number of
screens to trade show entrances that showed an animation of a character
walking and using the Nokia products. Nightclubs are another area, where
the screen literally becomes the entrance into the club provoking the public
to walkthrough. The Box nightclub in Belfast has installed a number of
them, providing amazing visuals inside. Fog Screen can almost be used in
any situation. The Fog Screen team also set up each screen to their requirements
in order that the effect is as expected wherever it may be used. Its ability to
be used throughout so many industries is evidence of Fog Screens significance to
 Multimedia and one that looks like it shall continue. Entertain your guests
with Fog Screen
 Whether you are planning a rock concert, a prize ceremony, an anniversary,
any commercial or private event, we use the magical Fog Screen. Guests can
enter through the screen to an event!
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 Chapter 4
Advantages

 The Fog Screen developers say t he unique nature of Fog Screen will make it a
memorable experience for customers Fog Screen is environment all y friendly, a
sit uses on l y water as requirement and produces chemical free fog.
 Increase p r o d u ct skill and quality of products. Safety for kids, fun and play
time for the kids. It is I m m a t er i a l - you could walk through it.
 Increase production skills-technology transfer. -Reduce competition -
increase quality of product -Enter to new market. (In different market.)
 Increase for workers with an increase in marginal cost Fog Screen is working on new
hardware products -Fog Screen with specialized capabilities (that is live performances,
retail environments, etc.). There are also significant enhancements being made to the
interactivity and 3-dimensional imaging capabilities of the screen.

 We allow you to communicate advantages to your customers! Media sessions will

concentrate on job ideas, research pursuits and potential small business ventures.
Tracking ROI can acquire difficult with complex advertising campaigns, but employing
a dedication and very superior reporting procedures, you can construct solid
measurements, even when you need to use some estimates in the method.
 This original design will surely draw in clients’ focus and boost their keen to earn a
purchasing. Things become much nuanced once you take a look at individual
businesses. Clients who walk through the enterprise logo at a trade fair will don’t forget
the experience along with the emblem and your enterprise.

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 Chapter 5
Limitations

 Fog Screen works best indoors with a dark background that enhances the
brightness of the image on the Fog Screen behind the projector. So, it can’t be
used in daylight.
 It is presently very much expensive, but theFogScreen.inc is working on providing it in
a reasonable price.
 Price is one weakness, with the cost Fog Screen will have to cater for a specialized
market, unlikely ever to be used in the normal household or to replace plasma/LCD
displays.
 Need 1kW of energy to produce 1m long fog screen. And it is produce 3-5 litres of
water in one hour which should be vent. And you can't make a high fog screen,
because fog would diffuse with distance.
 It can be used in place of air curtain in clubs to make itattractive.Museums, events,
trade shows, night clubs, casinos, TV shows, and amusement parks are a number of
areas where Fog Screen has been put into effective use. One industry where it excels is
in advertising. Lugmayr (2007) describes how Fog Screen can be used in conjunction
with laser scanner drivers, interactivity and rendering modules, and a flash application.
This creates an effective advertisement that entices a user to walkthrough. A user could
for example, select a brick wall, or a waterfall via touch, walk through and by doing so
see screen afterwards. Viewers tend to remain captivated by such an interactive display
as opposed to others.
 Fog Screens use in trade shows has been well received. Nokia, one of many using the
Fog Screen products, installed a number of screens to trade show entrances that
showed an animation of a character walking and using the Nokia products. Nightclubs
are another area, where the screen literally becomes the entrance into the club
provoking the public to walkthrough. The Box nightclub in Belfast has installed a
number of them, providing amazing visuals inside. Fog Screen can almost be used in
any situation. The Fog Screen team also set up each screen to the requirements in order
that the effect is as expected wherever it may be used.

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 Chapter 6
Opportunities
 There are endless opportunities to use the products, but for now these have
been mostly innovative marketing solutions and different exhibitions.
 Stream of fog can appear and disappear within a fraction of a second,
making it a possibility for use in a live theatre setting to aid with special
effects
 Presently it is in demands in countries like Japan, Malaysia, Germany, France,
Greece, Russia, the UK and the USA; in recent future it will replace the existing
method of projection.
 Developments are being carried out in making Fog Screen a Touch-Fog Screen
to make it more interactive for the viewer.

 With interactivity, the FogScreen becomes an immaterial computer touch screen with
nearly unlimited applications. In the long term the FogScreen will be able to provide a
meaningful interface for virtual exploration, performance and composition.

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 Chapter 7
Success of Fog Screen
Fog Screen has been successfully used in this international event:

 Entertainment (live shows, live concerts, nightclubs, stage productions,

private parties i.e. Disney Enchanted Tour, Eurovision, Harrah’s, Cirque
deSoleil, MGM Grand, 20th Century Fox)
 Brand promotions (P&G, Diesel, Victoria’s Secret. Bud light/Maxim Tour,
Xbox)

 Trade shows and exhibition events (Nokia, Motorola, Sony, Siemens)

 Theme parks (Key US theme parks)

 Museums and Science Centers

 Reckoned amid one of the notable business names, we are immersed in presenting to
our clients a wide collection of LED Fog Screen. In conformity with the developments
taking place in the industry, offered products could be acquired from us in an
assortment of provisions.

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 Chapter 8
Conclusion

Technology of the future literally revolutionizes the limits of projection screens and
blurs the boundaries among art, science, and fun. It must be remembered that
FogScreen projection screen is first and foremost and effect screen – not a high-
resolution display. It is detailed enough to easily watch a movie on when set up
properly. The Video quality images it produces are impressive considering it is simply
floating on air currents,However content should be considered carefully to maximize
results:
High contrast
Bright colours
Large objects
Text larger than 15 cm
Finally, as described earlier, the resolution quality is best at the top of the screen, and
degrades as the screen falls. As such, any high detail graphics, particularly smaller text
should be oriented towards the top of the screen. FogScreen is the world’s only walk-
through projection screen. It uses just tap water and air to generate a thin slice of mist
onto which any image or video can be created with a standard projector. FogScreen
projection screen’s patented technology creates a mist so fine it’s electro-statically
charged and will repel away from the people walking through it, finally dissipating into
the air. The screen generator hangs above the ground and emits the effect downwards
using laminar air flow and gravity. There are no side or floor components required.

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 Chapter 8
Reference

 www.fogscreen.com
 www.google.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.scribd.com

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