PRACTICAL FILE OF INSTRUMENTATION

COMPUTATIONAL LABORATORY
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                     
 
 
                                                                                            SUBMITTED BY:
AMAN PRAKASH
ROLL NO. 112508
BATCH- 2011

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL TEACHER’S

TRAINING AND RESEARCH ,CHANDIGARH 160019
 
1 INTRODUCTION: Single Phase Full Bridge Invertrer Using

IGBT.

1.1  Circuit Modeling Using Simulink   
                A single phase full wave bridge INVERTER employing IGBTs and DIODEs is
shown in Simulink Model fig 1. When one branch is positive with respect to another,
the diagonal IGBTs and DIODEs conducts and in the negative half the remaining
IGBTs and DIODEs conducts and thus the full wave appears at the output.

           Fig 1. Simulink Model For sinle Phase Full Bridge Inverter 

 
1.2 Gathering Blocks   
Once a blank untitled Simulink model window is opened for creating a new model, the
required blocks for creating model are dragged and dropped from Simulink library
Browese window. The block set icon can be expanded by clicking on ‘+’ sign before its
name .The required block is selected by clicking over it. The selected block is then
dragged with the mouse and placed in the model window. The required blocks are
selected one by one and brought to the model window. The locations of desired blocks
in the block set for the particular problem are given in the table 1.The model window
with the different blocks dragged into it is shown in fig 2. 

 
 
            Fig 2.Block dragged and placed in the model window.
       

 Table 1 : Required blocks and their location in simulink library

             Sr No.        Block name Block set location in the 
Simulink library browser

             1  D C voltage source  Simpower/Electrical Sources 

             2  Resistance  Simpower/Elements 

             3  IGBT  Simpower/Power Electronics 

             4         Voltage measurement  Simpower/Measurement 

             5  Scope  Simulink/Sink 

          6  Pulse Generator  Simulink/sources 

          7  “ From “ and  “ Goto “  Simulink/commonly used 

block 
   

1.3  Simulink Model 
      Running a Simulink model is a two step process. First Simulation parameters such as
the solver used to solve the model; the start and stop time for the simulation; the
maximum step size etc. are specified. Then the simulation is started.The simulation can
be paused or stopped while it running.

1.3.1  Starting a Simulation  
Once model is completed, its simulation can be stored by:

™ Selecting ‘Start Simulation’ from simulation menu to run the simulation.

™ Clicking an run icon on the tool bar
Make sure that the model window is the active window before starting a simulation.
Simulink starts the simulation at the start time specified and continues till the
simulation reaches the final time step specified in the solver option. Completion of
simulation will be indicated by a beeping sound. Progress of the simulation is shown at
the bottom of the model window.

1.3.2  Viewing Output 
         Here are following steps to view the output:
1) Set the pulse width of “pulse Generator” from model window.

  

Fig 3. Set the Pulse width of Pulse generator. 

2) To view the output of the model, double click on ‘scope’ block. If you not set the
“scope parameter” of scope then Click on the autoscale icon to view the output
response as shown in the fig 4.  
And in fig. 4 We can Se The Graph between voltage and current.Yyou will say that
This type of Inverters are works in all QUADRANT. 

Fig 4. The Response Of The Model On Scope and Graph between  Output voltage (Vo)  and 
Output current (Io) .
2   INTRODUCTION: 

Sinle Phase A.C. Voltage Controller Wirh R-LOAD

2.1  Circuit Modeling Using Simulink  

 
Fig 1. Simulink Model For Sinle Phase A.C. Voltage Controller Wirh R-
LOAD 

 
AC voltage controller are thyristor based devices which convert fixed alternating Voltage
directly to variable alternating voltage without a change in frequency.
When thyristor T2 is triggred at t=o,2pi,4pi,....it gets turned on and load voltage
Vo is equal to source voltage Vs.At t=pi,3pi,5pi,.......,as source voltage tends to become
negative,T2 is turned off as load current,io is Zero.

2.2  Gathering Blocks  
Once a blank untitled Simulink model window is opened for creating a new model, the
required blocks for creating model are dragged and dropped from Simulink library
window. The block set icon can be expanded by clicking on ‘+’ sign before its name
.The required block is selected by clicking over it. The selected block is then dragged
with the mouse and placed in the model window. The required blocks are selected one
by one and brought to the model window. The locations of desired blocks in the block
set for the particular problem are given in the table 1.The model window with the
different blocks dragged into it is shown in fig 2.
 
  
                 Fig 2.Block dragged and placed in the model window. 

               Table 1 Required blocks and their location in simulink  

             Sr no         Block Name Blockset location in the 
Simulink librarybrowser
                1  Pulse Generator  Simulink/sources 

                2  a.c voltage source  Simpower/Electrical source 

                3        Thyristor  Simpower/Power Electronics 

                4  Resistor   Simpower/Elements 

                5  Volttage measurement  Simpower/Measurement 

                6  Scope  Sink 

 

2.3  SIMULATING A MODEL 
      Running a Simulink model is a two step process. First Simulation parameters such as
the solver used to solve the model; the start and stop time for the simulation; the
maximum step size etc. are specified. Then the simulation is started.The simulation can
be paused or stopped while it running.

2.3.1  Starting a Simulation  
Once model is completed, its simulation can be stored by:

• Selecting ‘Start Simulation’ from simulation menu to run the simulation.

• Clicking an run icon on the tool bar
• Pressing ‘ctrl-T’ key on the keyboard
Make sure that the model window is the active window before starting a simulation.
Simulink starts the simulation at the start time specified and continues till the
simulation reaches the final time step specified in the solver option. Completion of
simulation will be indicated by a beeping sound. Progress of the simulation is shown at
the bottom of the model window.
2.3.2  Viewing Output   
Here are following steps to view the output:
1) Set the firing angle for thyristor of “pulse Generator” from model window.
          2)To
view the output of the model, double click on ‘scope’ block. If you not set
the “scope parameter” of scope then Click on the autoscale icon to view the output
response as shown in the fig 4. And fig 5.  
 
 
 
  
Fig 3. Set the Firing angle of 30 degree of Pulse generator.

Fig 4. The Response Of The Model On Scope(Firing Angle =30 degree)

  
Fig 3. Set the Firing angle of 60 degree of Pulse generator.

Fig 5. The Response Of The Model On Scope(Firing Angle =60 degree)

 
3 . INTRODUCTION: 

SPEED CONTROL OF ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

B Y U S I N G V A R Y I N G THE P U L S E O F P U L S E G E N E R A T O R.
3.1  Circuit Modeling Using Simulink  

 
Fig 1. Simulink Model For Speed control of asynchronous motor
In this ,we will control the speed of asynchronous motor by varying the size of
“duty cycle” of pulse generator.
If we open the subsystem we will see the circuit ,in which involves the AC
source,rectifier,inverter and then connect the motor,wehch is controlled by duty
cycle of Pulse generator. And Further wou will see that how the controls the
speed of this motor by varying in duty cycle of Pulse generator.
  
Fig 2.Subsytm for” speed control of asynchronous motor” Block 
 

 
3.2 Gathering Blocks  

Once a blank untitled Simulink model window is opened for creating a new model, the
required blocks for creating model are dragged and dropped from Simulink library
window. The block set icon can be expanded by clicking on ‘+’ sign before its name
.The required block is selected by clicking over it. The selected block is then dragged
with the mouse and placed in the model window. The required blocks are selected one
by one and brought to the model window. The locations of desired blocks in the block
set for the particular problem are given in the table 1.The model window with the
different blocks dragged into it is shown in fig 2.

 
                 Fig 2.Block dragged and placed in the model window.
       Table 1 Required blocks and their location in simulink library 
             Sr No.        Block name Block set location in the 
Simulink library browser
             1  a.c voltage source  Simpower/Electrical Sources 

             2  Single phase Asynchronous  Simpower sysytem/Machine 

motor 
             3  IGBT  Simpower/Power Electronics 
             4         Voltage measurement and  Simpower/Measurement 
current measuement 
             5  Scope  Simulink/Sink 

          6  Goto and From  Simulink

3.3  SIMULATING A MODEL 
      Running a Simulink model is a two step process. First Simulation parameters such as
the solver used to solve the model; the start and stop time for the simulation; the
maximum step size etc. are specified. Then the simulation is started. The simulation can
be paused or stopped while it running.

3.3.1  Starting a Simulation  
Once model is completed, its simulation can be stored by:

• Selecting ‘Start Simulation’ from simulation menu to run the simulation.

• Clicking an run icon on the tool bar
• Pressing ‘ctrl-T’ key on the keyboard
Make sure that the model window is the active window before starting a simulation.
Simulink starts the simulation at the start time specified and continues till the
simulation reaches the final time step specified in the solver option. Completion of
simulation will be indicated by a beeping sound. Progress of the simulation is shown at
the bottom of the model window.
3.3.2  Viewing Output   
         Here are following steps to view the output:
1) Set the pulse width of “pulse Generator” from model window.
 
 

 
 
Fig 3. Set the Duty Cycle (90 %) of pulse generator by double click on subsystem
  
 
Fig 3. Set
the Duty Cycle of 90% and then 20% of pulse generator by double click on
subsystem
 
 

 
  4.   INTRODUCTION: 

                          F I R S T Q A D R A N T O R T Y P E "" A "" C H O P P E R 

4.1  Circuit Modeling Using Simulink

Fig 1. Simulink Model First Quadrant or Type “A” Chopper

This type of choppers are works in First Quadrant.A chopper is a static device
that converts fixed dc input voltage to a variable DC output voltage.
Chopper is represented by a switch(Ideal switch) ,which may be turned “on”
and “off” as desired.d,During the period of Ton,chopper is “on” and load
voltage is equal to source voltage,Vs. During the interval of Toff,Chopper is
“off” ,load current flows through the freewheeling diode,then load volage is
zero.
During Ton—
-(chopping period) T=Ton+Toff,...................................................................1)
duty cycle=(Ton/T) , ...................................................................................2)
Vo = (Ton/Ton+Toff) = (Ton/T)*Vs = (duty cycle*Vs) , ..........................3)
Vo=f*Ton*Vs......f=(1/T) ..............................................................................4)
f = chopping frequency

4.2 Gathering Blocks  

Once a blank untitled Simulink model window is opened for creating a new model, the
required blocks for creating model are dragged and dropped from Simulink library
window. The block set icon can be expanded by clicking on ‘+’ sign before its name
.The required block is selected by clicking over it. The selected block is then dragged
with the mouse and placed in the model window. The required blocks are selected one
by one and brought to the model window. The locations of desired blocks in the block
set for the particular problem are given in the table 1.The model window with the
different blocks dragged into it is shown in fig 2.
 

 
                 Fig 2.Block dragged and placed in the model window.

        

 Table 1 Required blocks and their location in simulink library

             Sr No. Block name Block set location in the Simulink library

browser
             1  D.C. voltage source Simpower/Electrical Sources
             2  Ideal Switch Simpower sysytem/Power electronics
             3  IGBT Simpower/Power Electronics
             4         Voltage measurement and Simpower/Measurement
current measuement
             5  Scope Simulink/Sink
6 Goto and From Simulink
4.3  SIMULATING A MODEL 

 Running a Simulink model is a two step process. First Simulation parameters such as
the solver used to solve the model; the start and stop time for the simulation; the
maximum step size etc. are specified. Then the simulation is started. The simulation can
be paused or stopped while it running.

4.3.1  Starting a Simulation  
Once model is completed, its simulation can be stored by:

• Selecting ‘Start Simulation’ from simulation menu to run the simulation.

• Clicking an run icon on the tool bar
• Pressing ‘ctrl-T’ key on the keyboard
Make sure that the model window is the active window before starting a simulation.
Simulink starts the simulation at the start time specified and continues till the
simulation reaches the final time step specified in the solver option. Completion of
simulation will be indicated by a beeping sound. Progress of the simulation is shown at
the bottom of the model window.

4.3.2  Viewing Output  
         Here are following steps to view the output:
1) Set the pulse width of “pulse Generator” from model window.
2)To view the output of the model, double click on ‘scope’ block. If you not set the
“scope parameter” of scope then Click on the autoscale icon to view the
outputresponse as shown in the fig 4.
Fig 3. Set the Duty Cycle (70 %) and show the output of XY graph and Scope.
Fig 4. Set the Duty Cycle (70 %) and show the output of XY graph and Scope.
5.   INTRODUCTION 

SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE CONVERTER DRIVE

5.1  Circuit Modeling Using Simulink

Fig 1. Simulink Model 0f First sinle phase half wave converter bridge.
A separately-excited d.c. motor,fed through a single Phase half-wave semiconverter in
order to reduce the ripple content in the field circuit .
Vo=Vt=(Vm/2pi)*(1+cos(alpha))............0<alpha<pi
Vm = maximum value of source voltage.

5.2 Gathering Blocks  

Once a blank untitled Simulink model window is opened for creating a new model, the
required blocks for creating model are dragged and dropped from Simulink library
window. The block set icon can be expanded by clicking on ‘+’ sign before its name
.The required block is selected by clicking over it. The selected block is then dragged
with the mouse and placed in the model window. The required blocks are selected one
by one and brought to the model window. The locations of desired blocks in the block
set for the particular problem are given in the table 1.The model window with the
different blocks dragged into it is shown in fig 2.
 

 
                 Fig 2.Block dragged and placed in the model window.

 
        

 Table 1 Required blocks and their location in simulink library

             Sr No. Block name Block set location in the Simulink library

browser
             1  A . C . voltage source Simpower/Electrical Sources
             2  Diode Simpower sysytem/Power electronics
             3  Thyristor Simpower/Power Electronics
             4         Voltage measurement and Simpower/Measurement
current measuement
             5  Scope Simulink/Sink
6 Goto and From Simulink
7 D.C. Machine Simpower system/machines

 
5.3.1  Starting a Simulation  
Once model is completed, its simulation can be stored by:

• Selecting ‘Start Simulation’ from simulation menu to run the simulation.

• Clicking an run icon on the tool bar
• Pressing ‘ctrl-T’ key on the keyboard
Make sure that the model window is the active window before starting a simulation.
Simulink starts the simulation at the start time specified and continues till the
simulation reaches the final time step specified in the solver option. Completion of
simulation will be indicated by a beeping sound. Progress of the simulation is shown at
the bottom of the model window.
5.3.2  Viewing Output  
         Here are following steps to view the output:
2) Set the Firing angle of “pulse Generator” from model window.
2)To view the output of the model, double click on ‘scope’ block. If you not set the
“scope parameter” of scope then Click on the autoscale icon to view the
outputresponse as shown in the fig 3.

Fig 5. The Response Of The Model On Scope(Firing Angle =60 degree)