Table of Contents

Contents Page no.

1. Acknowledgement ….……………………………………ii
2. Declaration.……..………………………………………...iii
3. Certificate…………………………………………………iv
4. Table of Contents…………………………………............1
5. Abstract……………...………………………………….....2-3
6. Introduction………….……………………….……………4-5
7. System Overview…...……………………………………..6-17
8. System Design……..………………...……...………….....18-20
9. Implementation…...……………….............................……21-22
10.Coding……………………………………………………..23-26
11. Snapshots…………………….……………………………27-32
12. Limitations………………………………………………...33
13. Conclusion…………………………………………….......34
14. Future Enhancement……………………………................36-36
15. References…………………………....................................37-38

1
 Abstract

There has been an upsurge recently in the Industry of smart electronic devices that has
considerably eased their interfacing with each other. This is due to some common
elements in their hardware. In most cases, we found that the hardware stack across
various unrelated devices are perfectly compatible with each other which paves a way
to deploy a common mechanism for their interfacing. Controlling each of these devices
requires a central control unit; typically, a computer system which was difficult and
costly until a few years ago. Now, with the advent of the low cost, easy to deploy and
maintain Microcomputers like Raspberry Pi, it has become super easy even for a school
student to control high voltage devices without any huge risks involved in the wiring
and programming. Our work focuses on the idea of creating and deploying a simple
home automation system with minimum cost and simple programming.
Smart home is not a new term for science society, it is been used from decades. As
electronic technologies are advancing, the field of home automation is expanding
vastly. Automation or automatic means the use of systems for operating equipment
automatically or we can say without any manual effort. Home automation is exciting
because it tends to reduce human effort and hence will make things easier and faster.
Proposed implementation of home automation include control over electrical
appliances like fans, A.C. etc. where all the appliances (light bulb, fan, ac etc.) are
connected to the raspberry pi board and it is fully control by using Python GUI. This is
very useful for the aged as well as for the physically challenged people, easy to be used
for the long halls where no. of switches are more. To switch ON the ac we need the
remote control which we may forget where we had placed it the last time. To switch
ON the fan and to increase the speed of the fan we have to do it manually. We can use
this in everyone’s home, seminar halls, auditorium and long halls where no. of switches
are more.

2
The project developed is based on the concept of I.O.T (internet of things) which
employs the use of Hardware materials like Raspberry Pi, sensors etc. GUI was being
made using python and 000webhost server was being used as local server which helped
in connecting hardware and GUI.

3
 Introduction

The internet of things (IOT) is the network of physical objects–devices, vehicles,

buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors and network
connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data. The Internet of
Things allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network
infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world
into computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and
economic benefit. "Things," in the IOT, can refer to a wide variety of devices such as
health monitoring implants biochip transponders on farm animals, electric clams in
coastal waters, automobiles with built-in sensors, DNA analysis devices for
environmental/food/pathogen monitoring or field operation devices that assist
firefighters in search and rescue operations. Basically, "Things" is an "inextricable
mixture of hardware, software, data and service". These devices collect useful data with
the help of various existing technologies and then autonomously flow the data between
other devices. Current market examples include smart thermostat systems and
washer/dryers that use Wi-Fi for remote monitoring. As well as the expansion of
Internet connected automation into a plethora of new application areas, IOT is also
expected to generate large amounts of data from diverse locations, with the consequent
necessity for quick aggregation of the data, and an increase in the need to index, store,
and process such data more effectively. IOT is one of the platforms of today's Smart
City, and Smart Energy Management Systems. .
In home automation smart devices and sensors that sense the physical experience and
convert into stream of information data. The major element of home automation based
on IOT is sensor network and raspberry pi. Sensor networks are used for sensing and
monitoring while raspberry pi collect the data monitor the data and depends on
collected mange the device like fan, light, door motion and opening-closing of curtains.
Suppose the ambient light is less that threshold value then according to predefined

4
conditions it automatically close the curtains. Thus, home automation can be defined
as a mechanism removing as much human interaction as technically possible and
desirable in various domestic processes and replacing them with programmed
electronic systems. Ultimately it is a system that aims to heighten quality of life with
the automation of household activity that may be controlled over the Internet or
telephone.

Raspberry Pi is a microcomputer development board which can be used to make DIY

projects on IoT. Over here, we are using a Raspberry Pi board along with the relevant
modules and switches to create a simple home automation project. The pi board is at
the base of all the connections, working as a brain of our home and we are automating
almost all the electrical and electronic components of our home which fall under the
rating of up to 250V 10A or an equivalent power of 2500V where the maximum voltage
must not exceed 250V (which is much above the standard household supply) and the
current must not exceed 10 Amperes. The project will cover all the electronic
components which are necessarily required in households. These include but are not
limited to Tube lights, Bulbs, Fans, TVs, Refrigerators, Washing Machines, Water
Purifiers and others, with a further scope of expansion. As a necessity we will also
provide systems to control the standard home sockets and switches to enable complete
control over all the systems of the house. However, high Power consuming devices
such as Iron, Geyser, Induction cooker and others which fall in this category are
exempted from the scope of this project, hence the word ―Simple.

5
 System Overview

The block diagram of HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM is shown in Fig i.

In this diagram the Raspberry PI is connected with electrical components via the help
of electronic switching system or relay system. One powerful feature of the Raspberry
Pi is the row of GPIO (general purpose input/output) pins along the edge of the board.
At the simplest levels, they are the switches that can turn on or off (input) or that the
Pi can turn on or off (output). Out of the 40 Pins, there are 17 GPIO pins. For practical
purposes a relay driver circuit and relays can be interfaced with Raspberry Pi and
appliances, respectively, for their controlling. Below is brief description of the
hardware components used:

Fig i – Block diagram of system

6
1- Raspberry PI

The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card–sized single board computers developed in

the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting
the teaching of basic computer science. Raspberry Pi is an open source hardware
technology combined with a programming language and an Integrated Development
Environment (IDE). Pi was introduced as an educational gadget to be used for
protyping by hobbyists and for those who want to learn more about programming. It
certainly cannot be a substitute for our day to day Linux, Mac or Windows PC.

Pi is based on a Broadcom SoC (System of Chip) with an ARM processor [~700 MHz],
a GPU and 256 to 512 MB RAM. The boot media is an SD card [which is not included],
and the SD card can also be used for persist data. Now that you know that the RAM
and processing power are not nearly close to the power house machines you might have
at home, these Pi’s can be used as a Cheap computer for some basic functions,
especially for experiments and education. The Pi comes in three Configurations and
we will discuss the specifications of those in the coming sections. The cost of a Pi is
around $35 for a B Model and is available through many online and physical stores.

The Raspberry Pi platform allows the user to create custom hardware and applications
to control it via its namesake programming language. Many software languages are
available on the Raspberry Pi like C++, Python, SQL, and HTSQL. Operating systems
that are available to install the Raspberry is Raspbian. Raspbian is based upon the
Debian Wheezy Linux operating system and has been optimized for use with Raspberry
Pi. The Raspberry Pi is connected to the Raspberry Pi's GPIO pins, and with the
inclusion of the software will be able to communicate between electronic devices, the
Raspberry Pi's operating system, and web-based proposed model.

7
 Fig 1.1- Raspberry PI description

Below are the basic things you would need to get started with using a Pi:

Computer A Raspberry Pi
Storage SD Card and a SD card reader to image the OS
[These days laptops have inbuilt card readers]
Power supply 5 volt micro USB adapter, mostly your android
phone charger would work
Display An TV/Monitor with DVI or HDMI port
Display connector HDMI cable or HDMI to DVI converter cable
Input USB Mouse
Input USB Keyboard
Network Ethernet cable
Case If you really need one, you can get them online
based on the model you have

Table 1.1- Features of Raspberry PI

8
The Linux option called Raspbian is a greatmatch for Raspberry Pi because it’s
free and open source,keeping the price of the platform low, and making it more
hackable. There are also a few non-Linux OS options available.One of the great things
about the Raspberry Pi is that it has a wide range of usage. What enables it, as well as
performances and constraints of Raspberry Pi will be described in rest of the paper.

The Raspberry Pi performances will be compared with Aurdino another IoT prototype
platform :

Arduino – an open-source physical computing platform

based on a simple microcontroller board, and a development
environment for writing software for the board. It can receive input from variety of
sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and
other actuators. The microcontroller on the hardware board can be programmed using
the Arduino programming language and the Arduino Integrated
Development Environment (IDE). Arduino supports two working modes, stand-
alone or connected to a computer via USB cable .

Fig 1.2- Difference between Raspberry PI and Aurdio

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SET UP YOUR RASPBERRY PI

 DOWNLOAD NOOBS: The Raspberry Pi comes with many operating

systems you can use, which you could manually install yourself if you wish.
There’s a much easier way to install these OSes, though, and that’s via the New
Out Of Box Software, or NOOBS. It holds all the latest versions of the
Raspberry Pi operating systems and you can grab it from the download page at:
raspberrypi.org/downloads. We prefer to use the full version of NOOBS, as it
comes with Raspbian already downloaded, making the process slightly faster
than with NOOBS Lite. However, all the other operating systems will be
downloaded as they install, on both versions of NOOBS.

 INSTALL SD CARD: While that’s downloading, you’ll need to get your SD

card ready to work on your Raspberry Pi. This will require you to format it, so
if there are any files on the card you want to keep, now’s the time to take them
off. You’ll need to install the SD Card Formatter 4.0 tool to prepare the card,
which can be downloaded from the SD Association: bit.ly/1alC3Wp. Once
you’ve formatted your SD card, extract the files from the NOOBS zip folder
and put them all on the card. That’s it: NOOBS is installed to your SD card and
ready to use!

 CONNECT THE CABLES: Take the SD card adaptor out, retrieve the
microSD card, and slot it into the Raspberry Pi; this is very important, as the
Raspberry Pi won’t be able to turn on properly otherwise. To start with, you’ll
need to plug in an HDMI cable between the Raspberry Pi and your screen, an
Ethernet cable for your router (or a USB WiFi dongle), along with a mouse and
keyboard. Finally, when everything you need is plugged in, you can attach the
power cable to the Raspberry Pi

10
  INSTALL RASPBIAN: The Raspberry Pi will turn on and display some text
on the screen – you can ignore this until it gets to a menu which lists all the
available operating systems. It allows you to select multiple OSes at once, but
right now we just want to use the one that’s called Raspbian. This is the main
operating system for the Raspberry Pi, with all the official apps, software, and
learning documents. Upon selecting Raspbian, click on Install and it will begin
the Raspbian installation process, which may take a little while to complete.

Alternative operating systems:

 PIDORA: A bit like Raspbian, but based on a different core operating system.
This is something people a bit techy can use for a slightly different Raspberry
Pi.

 ARCH: A very basic operating system that works entirely from a command
line, no mouse and keyboard required. You’ll really need to know your
computers to start with this.

 OPENELEC: An OS to turn the Raspberry Pi into a home theatre PC, complete

with the Kodi software that plays music and videos as well as web video.

 RISC OS: A throwback to your school days, RISC OS is what used to be on

old Acorn computers. The Raspberry Pi is in many ways derived from them.

USE OF GPIO

The GPIO port is one of the most powerful tools at the Raspberry Pi’s disposal,
allowing you to connect directly to an electronic circuit to control it. In such a system,

11
the Pi is referred to as a microcontroller. This is what makes the Raspberry Pi great for
big projects, as you can use it to program a machine or circuit, and even have it connect
to the internet via the other Raspberry Pi functions so that it can control contraptions
with web data. Each of the GPIO pins can do something different and very specific. At
the basic core, though, you can have them provide power consistently to part of a
circuit, program a power switch to one of the pins, and even have it sense a change
over the pins (thanks to resistance). These three basic functions allow you to do a lot,
and can be programmed with Python

2- Raspbian OS

Raspbian OS is the operating system that is available for Raspberry Pi. Raspbian is
based upon the Debian Wheezy Linux operating system and has been optimized for its
usage with Raspberry Pi.

Setting Up Raspbian OS:

Let’s first connect the board with all the necessary accessories to install and run an
operating system.

Step 1: Take the Pi out of its anti static cover and place it on the non-metal table.

Step 2: Connect the display – Connect the HDMI cable to the HDMI port on the Pi and
the other end of the HDMI cable to the HDMI port of the TV.

Step 3: Connect your Ethernet cable from the Router to the Ethernet port on the Pi

Step 4: Connect your USB mouse to one of the USB ports on the Pi

Step 5: Connect your USB Keyboard to the other USB port on the Pi

12
 Step 6: Connect the micro USB charger to the Pi but don’t connect it to the power
supply yet

Step 7: Flash the SD Card with the Raspian OS.

1. To prepare the car for use with the Pi we will need to put a OS on the card. We certainly
cannot drag and drop the OS files on to the card but the flashing the card is not too
difficult either.
2. Since we have already decided to install Raspbian, lets download the RASPBIAN
image from the following link. http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/.
3. Unzip the contents of the Zip file into a folder on your machine, one of the unzipped
files would be a .img file which is what needs to be flashed on to the SD card.[In case
there are more than one file, the current version of the zip has only this file and none
other.
4. Flashing from Linux instructions.
 Start the terminal on your Linux OS
 Insert the empty SD Card into the card reader of your machine.
 Type sudo fdisk -l to see all the disks listed. Find the SD card by its size,
and note the device address (/dev/sdX, where X is a letter identifying
the storage device. Some systems with integrated SDcard readers may
use /dev/mmcblkX— format, just change the target in the following
instructions accordingly).

 Use cd to change to the directory with the .img file you extracted from
the Zip archive.

5-Type sudo dd if=imagefilename.img of=/dev/sdX bs=2M to write the file

imagefilename.img to the SDcard connected to the device address. Replace
imagefilename.img with the actual name of the file extracted from the Zip archive. This
step takes a while, so be patient! During flashing, nothing will be shown on the screen
until the process is fully complete.

13
3- Relay Driver

The relay module is a separate hardware device used for remote device switching. With
it you can remotely control devices over a network or the Internet. Devices can be
remotely powered on or off with commands coming from Clock Watch Enterprise
delivered over a local or wide area network. You can control computers, peripherals
or other powered devices from across the office or across the world.

The Relay module can be used to sense external On/Off conditions and to control a
variety of external devices. The PC interface connection is made through the serial port.
For a relay to operate a suitable pull in and holding current should be passed through
its coil. Relay coils are designed to operate from a particular voltage often its 5V or
12V. The function of relay driver circuit is to provide the necessary current energize
the relay coil, when a LOGIC 1 is written on the PORT PIN thus turning on the relay.
The relay is turn off by writing LOGIC 0 on the port pin. In our system four relays are
used for device control.

Fig 3.1- Relay Driver

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 4- HDMI Cable

To connect the Raspberry Pi to the display monitor or a TV set. HDMI stands for "High
Definition Media Interface." But, it's not just a type of cable, cord, or connector. It's a
technology standard that's designed to transmit high-definition audio and video signals.

Fig 4.1-HDMI Cable

5- VGA Cable

The 15-pin VGA connector was provided on many video cards, computer monitors,
laptop computers, projectors, and high definition television sets. A VGA cable is used
to connect your computer to your computer monitor. It transfers the picture signal from
the computer to the monitor so it can be displayed. A VGA cable usually has a screw
on either side of the plug to mount it to the matching plug on the back of a computer
system. The inside of the plug has pins that fit into the pattern of holes in the back of
the computer.

15
 Fig 5.1-VGA Cable

6- Breadboard

A breadboard is a rectangular plastic board with a bunch of tiny holes in it. These holes
let you easily insert electronic components to prototype (meaning to build and test an
early version of) an electronic circuit, like this one with a battery, switch, resistor, and
an LED (light-emitting diode). To learn more about individual electronic components,
see our Electronics Primer.

A breadboard is a device used as a construction base in developing an electronic

circuit. Breadboards can be solder less, which allows them to be reusable. A solder
less breadboard is made of plastic and perforated with numerous

Fig 6.1-Breadboard

16
 Fig 6.2-Vertical connections Fig 6.3-Horizontal connection

7- Jump Wires

Jump wire is an electrical wire, or group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at
each end (or sometimes without them – simply "tinned"), which is normally used to
interconnect the components of a breadboard or other prototype or test circuit,
internally or with other equipment or components, without soldering

Individual jump wires are fitted by inserting their "end connectors" into the slots
provided in a breadboard, the header connector of a circuit board, or a piece of test
equipment.

Fig 7.1-Jumper wires

17
 System Design

The proposed System incorporates basically with the following four modules.

1) Raspberry Pi GPIO Connection

A fully functioning Raspberry Pi running a reasonably recent build of Raspbian Linux

that is connected to home network through wired or wireless that home network has
internet access through a router that uses NAT that is comfortable using Pi’s command
line interface.

2) Web Server Module

A web server is needed to create a link between the remote user and the Raspberry Pi.
A Web server is a program that, using the client/server model and the World Wide
Web's Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), serves the files that form Web pages to
Web users (whose computers contain HTTP clients that forward their requests).The
user can access the webserver using the port number of the respective raspberry PI. The
webserver used here is 000webhost.com.

3) User Interface

The user interface is on Python. The user interface(UI) is everything designed into an
information device with which a human being may interact including display screen,
keyboard, mouse, light pen, the appearance of a desktop, illuminated characters, help
messages, and how an application program. Later the user interface is linked with the
webserver.

18
Python offers multiple options for developing GUI (Graphical User Interface). Out of
all the GUI methods, tkinter is most commonly used method. It is a standard Python
interface to the Tk GUI toolkit shipped with Python. Python with tkinter outputs the
fastest and easiest way to create the GUI applications.

To create a tkinter:
1. Importing the module – tkinter
2. Create the main window (container)
3. Add any number of widgets to the main window
4. Apply the event Trigger on the widgets.

Importing tkinter is same as importing any other module in the python code. Note that
the name of the module in Python 2.x is ‘Tkinter’ and in Python 3.x is ‘tkinter’.

There are a number of widgets which you can put in your tkinter application. Some of
the major widgets are explained below:

 Button: To add a button in your application, this widget is used.

The general syntax is:

w=Button(master, option=value)

 CheckButton: To select any number of options by displaying a number of

options to a user as toggle buttons. The general syntax is:

w = CheckButton(master, option=value)

 Frame: It acts as a container to hold the widgets. It is used for grouping

and organizing the widgets. The general syntax is:

w = Frame(master, option=value)

19
 master is the parameter used to represent the parent window.

 Label: It refers to the display box where you can put any text or image
which can be updated any time as per the code.
The general syntax is:

w=Label(master, option=value)

master is the parameter used to represent the parent window.

Fig 3.a-Frame Fig 3.b-Label Fig 3.c-Button

Fig 3.d-Check Box Fig 3.e-Text Box

4) Linking Module

The last module is to link the python GUI with the script. This link is done by using
PHP.

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 Implementation of Home Automation System

1) Setting up the Raspberry Pi

The Raspberry Pi is connected to the Monitor using a HDMI cable and is provided with
the mouse and keyboard to give inputs. A micro SD card preinstalled with NOOBS
(New Out of the Box System) containing the Raspbian Linux distribution is inserted in
the memory card slot.

2) Installing Raspbian

The Raspbian Linux distribution is installed via the NOOBS with the prescribed
configuration settings.

3) Setting up web server

The 000webhost server is being used as a server. It performs the task of connectivity.

4) Setting up PHP
The PHP which serves as a backend technology is used to collect status of devices and
corresponding device details.

5) Python scripts for the GPIO

The python script for each GPIO is written in the text editor available in the Raspbian.
The python scripts are stored in the folder with an extension .py. Before linking the
script.

21
6) Creation of the GUI and linking the python scripts

The GUI for the control of the GPIO is designed using Python. The PHP links all the
python scripts to the respective control button.

22
 Coding

1. Database Connectivity code:

<?php
$con=mysqli_connect(“localhost”,”id6445346_chandrikadalakoti2”,”diyadalakoti”,”i
d6445346_abc”);
if($conn)
{
echo “connected”;
$sql=’’UPDATE `device` SET `status`=”on” where `id`=100”;
$req=mysqli_query($conn,$sql);
if($req)
{
echo “device in on”;
}
}
else
{
echo “some error”;
}
?>

2- Python GUI

from tkinter import *

root=Tk()
root.state[“zoomed”]

23
root[“bg”]=”yellow”
btn1=Button(root, text =”on”, bg=”green”)
btn1.pack()
btn2=Button(root,text=”off”,bg=”red”)
btn2.pack()
root.mainloop()

3- For changing the status of device

<?php
$status_var=$_GET[‘status’];
$con=mysqli_connect(“localhost”,”id6445346_chandrikadalakoti2”,”diyadalakoti”,”i
d6445346_abc”);
if($conn)
{
echo “connected”;
$sql=’’UPDATE `device` SET `status`=’$status_var’ where `id`=100”;
$req=mysqli_query($conn,$sql);
if($req)
{
echo “device in ”.$status_var;
}
}
else
{
echo “some error”;
}
?>

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4- Python script

import urllib as ur
ur.urlopen(“http://mywebsiteatcd.000webhostapp.com/second.php?status=off”)
ur.urlopen(“http://mywebsiteatcd.000webhostapp.com/second.php?status=on”)

5- Python code on Raspbian OS for controlling electrical appliances

import RPi.GPIO as io
import time
io.setwarnings(False)
io.setmode(io.BOARD)
a=3
b=5
c=11
io.setup(a,io.OUT)
io.setup(b,io.OUT)
io.setup(c,io.OUT)
def on_a():
io.output(a,1)

def on_b():
io.output(b,1)

def on_c():
io.output(c,1)

def off_a():

25
 io.output(a,0)

def off_b():
io.output(b,0)

def off_c():
io.output(c,0)
while(1):
print(“enter your choice”)
print(“1-on a”)
print(“2-on b”)
print(“3-on c”)
print(“4-off a”)
print(“5-off b”)
print(“6-off c”)
x=input(“enter your choice”)
if (x==1):
on_a()
elif (x==2):
on_b()
elif (x==3):
on_c()
elif (x==4):
off_a()
elif (x==5):
off_b()
elif (x==6):
off_c()
else:
print(“invalid choice”)

26
 Snapshots

Fig 8- Database Connectivity

Fig 9- Connectivity successfully

27
Fig 10- Code for sending data from server to change the status of device

Fig 11- The GUI formed from Python

28
 Fig 12-- Code in Python for GUI

Fig 13- The status of device changed on button clock from GUI

29
 Fig 14- Status of device changed

Fig 15- Coding of linking python GUI with database

30
Fig 16- Coding in Python on Raspbian OS for controlling the devices (Fig 16. And Fig 17.)

Fig 17.

31
Fig 18- Fig 18 and Fig 19 shows the LED automated such that the intensity of first LED is dim while
second is bright.

Fig 19.

32
 Limitations

Equipment and installation cost:

Automation of home is widely related to the financial costs. The total cost depends on
the equipment you install in your house and on how much it takes to install. The more
advance the system; the cost of the system will be high as it has more features and
advantages.

System crashes due to any damage in the interconnection:

If there is any damage due to rupturing of cables or the fibers the entire system gets
crashed. This will not be the case of radio signals or the other signals. Here there will
be a problem of signal receiving. The wiring of the system results in crash in most of
the systems.

Human errors: If the human does not handle the kit safely or if he/she does not use
the correct keys to perform the operations, human errors may occur. Human errors also
lead to destructions of the machine. Then there will be a huge system crash.

Reliability: In very rare cases, the reliability of the home automated devices
varies (decreases). It depends mostly on the technology used and the advancements
being done.

33
 Conclusion

The application of the IoT technology, in home automation means combination of all
electrical devices like smart mobile phone, personal computer, tablet and their
monitoring, controlling and alerting in ways not possible before. This proposed system
provides many advantages including, safety, security, improved comfort, energy and
cost savings. In order to address the issues of flexibility and functionality, a novel,
standalone, flexible and low cost home controlling and monitoring system using Web
services as an interoperable layer for communicating between the remotely present user
and the home devices, have been designed. Performed research have shown that by
using the Raspberry Pi and open source software it is possible to programmatically
control many devices in a home in such a way that user can create his/her own solution
customized to meet his/her individual needs. Thus, the proposed system is better from
the scalability, flexibility and security point of view. These kinds of home automation
systems are required because human can make mistakes and forgot to switch off the
appliances when there is no use and in this case, they are useful in order to utilize the
power effectively and also in a secured manner.
These kinds of home automation systems are required because human can make
mistakes and forgot to switch off the appliances when there is no use and in this case,
they are useful in order to utilize the power effectively and also in a secured manner.

34
 Future Enhancement

IoT devices are becoming a part of the mainstream electronics culture and people are
adopting smart devices into their homes faster than ever. By 2020, it is estimated that
there will be up to 21 billion connected devices to the internet. IoT devices will be a
huge part of how we interact with basic everyday objects.

In just one year alone, we went from having 5 million IoT devices connected to the
internet to billions. The future is happening now, and these devices are getting smarter
every day through machine learning and artificial intelligence. To prove that IoT is
taking off rapidly, Target opened up a store in San Francisco that exclusively sells IoT
devices. There is big money in the IoT space currently, and it will only continue to
grow as technology improves.

The more data that IoT devices collect, the smarter they will become. Cities will
transform into smart cities through the use of IoT connected devices. Think of smart
traffic lights that collect data on traffic, and use that data to sync lights to peak traffic
times.

Overall, this improves cities overall efficiency and saves the government money since
everything can be remotely managed. Smart homes, thermostats, lighting systems and
coffee makers will all collect data on your habits and patterns of usage. All this data
will be collected to help facilitate machine learning.

With the mercurial rise of the Internet of Things (IOT), there has been a substantial
increase in the development of home automation and smart home technologies. What
was earlier an expensive proposal or even just a fantasy, is now an affordable option
for many homeowners and technology enthusiasts. The key reason for this is the
development of consumer devices that can harness wired or wireless internet

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connectivity as well as improvements in other communications technologies such as
Near Field Communication (NFC) and Bluetooth.

So, what will smart home automation look like in the future? Much of this may revolve
around data about our appliance usage patterns. Each equipment manufacturer or
provider of home automation devices can, in theory, collect all of this data and use it
to create flexible modular solutions.

Unlike a few years ago, smart home technologies will become more accessible,
integrated and economical to purchase as the industry develops over time and matures
into the consumer market. Eventually, all of the automation possibilities will reach a
point where one single device is required to control our homes. This may eventually be
a communications or control center of its own, dealing with multitudes of peripheral
devices and ensuring they are operating as they should and when they should.

This future would involve trusting computers and robotics to manage our households
and all of our habits and data. Security of this data is, therefore, an area that will need
to grow with this sector. Ultimately the consumer will always be in charge,
programming their personal needs and ensuring that any automation enhances their
lifestyle. As technologies improve, automation of certain time-consuming or
unproductive tasks will be the norm. In many ways, it seems like future is not distant.

36
 References

[1] Hari Charan Tadimeti, Manas Pulipati, “Overview of Automation Systems and
Home Appliances Control using PC and Microcontroller”, Volume 2 Issue 4, April
2013.

[2] Sajidullah S.Khan, Anuja Khoduskar, Dr. N.A,Koli,“Home automation system”,

IJAET/Vol.II/AprilJune,2011/129-132

[3] Raspberry Pi as a Sensor Web node for home automation Vladimir Vujovic ,
Mirjana Maksimovic http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2015.01.019

[4] Home automation using Raspberry Pi Monika M Patel a, Mehul A Jajal, Dixita B
vataliya - International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering
Volume 2, Issue 3, 2015.

[5] Raspberry Pi Home Automation Based on Internet of Things (IoT)

Upadhye Madhuri Ganesh1, R. A. Khan International Journal of Advanced Research
in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 4, Issue 12, December 2015.

[6] Smart Home Automation System Using Raspberry Pi T. Narendra Kumar1, T.

Chandra kala International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, May 2016

[7] https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewweinreich/2017/12/18/the-future-of-the-smart-

home-smart-homes-iot-a-century-in-the-making/1

[8] Disadvantages Of Home Automation - Expert Corner

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[9] Home Automation Using Raspberry Pi 2 And Windows 10 IoT - Hackster.io

[10] What is a Smart Home? The Basics of Home Automation | CEDIA Blog

[11]https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/839230/Introduction-to-Raspberry-Pi-
with-Raspbian-OS

[12] www.geeksforgeeks.com

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