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B.E. (Mechanical Engineering / Power Engineering) Fourth Semester (C.B.S.)
Hydraulics Machines
P. Pages : 3 NJR/KS/18/4425/4451
Time : Three Hours *0774* Max. Marks : 80
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Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Solve Question 1 OR Questions No. 2.
3. Solve Question 3 OR Questions No. 4.
4. Solve Question 5 OR Questions No. 6.
5. Solve Question 7 OR Questions No. 8.
6. Solve Question 9 OR Questions No. 10.
7. Solve Question 11 OR Questions No. 12.
8. Assume suitable data whenever necessary.
9. Illustrate your answers whenever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
10. Use of non programmable calculator is permitted.

1. a) Prove that the velocity of sound wave in a compressible fluid is given by C = k  where 6
k and  are the bulk modules and density of fluid respectively.

b) A supersonic aircraft flies at an altitude of 1.8km where temperature is 4ºC. Determine the 7
speed of an aircraft if its sound is heard 4 seconds after its passage over the head of an
observer.
Take R = 287 J/kg k y = 1.4.
OR

2. a) Derive an expression for area velocity relationship for a compressible fluid in the form. 6
dA dv
A
=
v
(M2 −1 .)
b) A tank fitted with a convergent nozzle contains air at a temperature of 20ºC. The diameter 7
at the outlet of the nozzle is 25mm. Assuming adiabatic flow find the mass flow rate of flow
air through the nozzle to the atmosphere when the pressure in the tank is.
i) 140 kN m2 ( abs ) ii) 300 kN m2
Take for air R = 287 J/kg k, y = 1.4, Barometric Pressure = 100 kN m2 .

3. a) Draw neat sketch of Pelton wheel bucket and explain why undercut is provided? Why jet 7
is not deflected through 180º?

b) A Pelton wheel is to be designed for following specifications. 7

Shaft Power = 9560kW
Head = 350 Meters
Speed = 750 RPM
Overall efficiency = 85%
Jet dia - Not to exceed 1/6th of the wheel diameter
Determine the following.
i) The wheel diameter ii) The diameter of jet
iii) Number of jets required.
Take CV = 0.985 Speed Ratio = 0.45.
OR

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4. a) Derive an expression for maximum efficiency of a Pelton Wheel. 7

b) A Pelton wheel is required to develop 4000 kW under a head of 350m. There are two equal 7
jets and the bucket deflection angle is 165º, overall efficiency - 85%, C v =0.97, K n = 0.46
and relative velocity at exit reduces by 14% the relative velocity at inlet.
Calculate:
i) Diameter of the bucket ii) Diameter of Jet
iii) Hydraulic efficiency of the turbine

5. a) What is governing and how it is accomplished in Reaction Turbines? 6

b) The following data is given for Francis turbine. 7

Net Head = 60m, Speed = 750RPM, Shaft Power = 295kW, o = 84% h = 93%, Flow
Ratio = 0.2, Breadth Ratio = 0.1,
Outer diameter = 2 x inner diameter, Thickness of vanes occupy 5% of area, Velocity of
flow is constant and Discharge from turbine is Radial.
Determine:
i) Guide blade angle
ii) Runner vane angle at inlet & outlet
iii) Dia of runner at inlet & outlet
iv) Width of wheel at inlet.

OR

6. a) What are the functions of Draft tube? Explain different types of draft tube with suitable 6
sketches.

b) A Kaplan turbine runner is to be designed to develop 7357.5kW of power. The net head 7
available is 10m. Assume speed ratio is 1.8 and flow ratio is 0.6.
If the overall efficiency is 70% and the diameter of the boss is 0-4 times the diameter
of runner
Find:
i) The diameter of Runner
ii) Speed of the Runner and
iii) Specific Speed

7. a) Show that the pressure rise in the centrifugal pump is given by: 6
1
 Vf12 , + U22 − Vf 22 cosec 2 
2g  
Where Vf1, Vf 2 → velocities of flow at inlet and outlet
U 2 → Velocity of Vane at outlet
 → Vane angle at outlet.

b) The impeller of a centrifugal pump having external and internal diameter 50cm and 25cm 7
respectively, width at outlet is 5cm and running of 1200RPM, it works against a head of
48m. The velocity of flow through impeller is constant and equal to 3 m/s. The Vanes are
set back at an angle of 40º at outlet. Determine.
i) Inlet Vane angle
ii) Work done by the Impeller and
iii) Manometric efficiency.
OR

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8. a) What is multistaging in centrifugal pumps? Explain with neat sketches pumps in series 6
and in parallel.

b) A centrifugal pump impeller has an outlet diameter of 360mm and width 60mm. The Vanes 7
are curved backwards at 35º. and thickness of Vanes occupy 20% of the area of flow, the
velocity of flow is constant from inlet to outlet. The pump rotates at 800 RPM. If the rate
of flow through the pump is 0.13m3 s . Determine.
i) Pressure rise in the impeller
ii) The percentage of total work converted to kinetic energy.

9. a) Define Indicator diagram prove that work done by reciprocating pump is proportional to 7
the area of indicator diagram.

b) A single acting reciprocating pump has the plunger diameter of 20cm and stroke of 30cm. 7
3
The pump discharges 0.53m min at 60 rpm.
Find the theoretical discharge, co-efficient of discharge, and percentage slip of pump.
Further if suction and delivery heads are 4m and 12m respectively work out power required
to drive the pump.

OR

10. a) What is negative slip? Explain with neat sketches the function of air vessels in reciprocating 7
pump.

b) A single acting reciprocating pump has a diameter of Piston 15cm and stroke length of 7
35cm. the centre of the pump is 3.5m above the water surface in sump and 22m below the
delivery water level. Both the suction and delivery pipes have the same diameter of 10cm
and are 5m and 30m long respectively. If the pump is working at 30rpm.
Determine:
i) The pressure heads on the Piston at the beginning, middle and end of both suction and
delivery strokes.
ii) The Power required to drive the pump.

11. a) What are the various methods of dimensional analysis to obtain a functional relationship 6
between various parameters affecting a physical phenomenon.

b) A centrifugal pump is discharging 0-025 m3 s of water against a total head of 18m. The 7
diameter of the impeller is 0.4m and it is rotating at 1400 r.p.m. Calculate the head,
discharge and ratio of powers of a geometrically similar pump of diameter 0.25m when it
is running at 2800 r.p.m.

OR

12. Write short notes on any three. 13

i) Air Lift Pump ii) Submersible pump
iii) Regenerative Pump iv) Hydraulic Ram
v) Specific speed for Turbine and Pump

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