PennDOT Pedestrian

Facilities Pocket Guide

PennDOT DRAFT Publication 655

November 2012
Remember…

1. Level landings are required where

pedestrians perform turning
maneuvers (2.00% maximum
longitudinal and cross slope).

2. Slopes indicated are maximum slopes

and cannot be exceeded.

3. Diagonal curb ramps are not preferred.

4. Any pedestrian facility that is “altered”

must meet the latest standards.
1.0 General Information
1.1 Standard Notes
1. Provide materials and construction meeting the requirements of Publication
408, sections 350, 409, 630, 676 and 695.
2. Provide expansion joint material 1/2" thick where curb ramp adjoins any rigid
pavement, sidewalk or structure with the top of joint filler flush with adjacent
concrete surface.
3. Construct curb ramps with a minimum 4'-0" x 4'-0" clear space beyond the
curb face, within the width of the crosswalk and wholly outside the parallel
vehicle travel lane. See RC-67M sheet 7 for crosswalk details.
4. Seal joints with an approved sealing material.
5. Provide slip resistant texture on curb ramp by coarse brooming transverse to
the slope of the ramp. Extend texture the full width and length of the curb
ramp including flared side ramps.
6. Modify construction details to adapt dimensions to existing curb heights
where the curb is less than the standard 8" height.
7. Curb ramp and side flare lengths are variable and based on curb height and
the sidewalk slope.
8. To avoid chasing grade indefinitely when traversing the height of curb, ramp
length not to exceed 15'-0". Adjust ramp slope as needed to provide access
to the maximum extent feasible.
9. Non-walk area is an obstructed or grass/non-paved area adjacent to the
pedestrian access route that is not used by the pedestrian for access.
10. The RC-67M details depict pedestrian pushbutton poles to illustrate the
recommended placement of pedestrian pushbuttons. For alteration projects,
provide access to existing pedestrian pushbuttons to the maximum extent
feasible. Install pedestrian pushbutton stub poles, where applicable, so as
not to create pedestrian obstructions.
11. See TC-8803 for additional pedestrian pushbutton details not shown.
12. Align detectable warning surface truncated domes on a square grid in the
predominant direction of the ramp and perpendicular to curb. See RC-67M
sheet 9 for installations along curved surfaces.
13. Provide detectable warning surfaces (DWS) 24" minimum (in the direction of
pedestrian travel) across full width of ramp at the grade break near street
edge. Provide DWS that contrast visually with adjacent walkway surfaces,
either light-on-dark or dark-on-light for the full width of ramp.
14. For new construction, do not exceed 2.00% cross slope on the curb ramp or
pedestrian access route.
15. For new construction and alterations, construct curb ramp and flare slopes
with the flattest slope possible. The slopes indicated in the details show the
maximum slope allowable. Slopes that exceed those indicated in the details,
or contract documents as applicable, will not be accepted and will be
reconstructed.

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1.0 General Information
1.1 Standard Notes (continued)
16. Construct sidewalks at a longitudinal slope not to exceed 5.00%. For
roadway profile slopes that exceed 5.00%, construct parallel sidewalks
adjacent to roadway at a longitudinal slope not to exceed roadway profile
slope.
17. The change in grade at the bottom of the curb ramp and adjoining road
surface is not to exceed an algebraic difference of 13.33%. The counter
slope of the gutter or road at the foot of a curb ramp, landing or blended
transition is not to exceed 5.00%. See RC-67M sheet 8 for details.
18. The construction standards depicted are most appropriate for new
construction. All construction must meet the standards contained herein
unless otherwise noted or directed.
19. All slopes are measured with respect to a level plane. Therefore, the length
of ramp is not solely dependent on the height of curb. For example, a 6" curb
does not necessarily mean a ramp length of 6'-0" for a 12:1 slope.
20. Sidewalk width may be reduced to 4'-0", when passing areas 5'-0" x 5'-0" are
provided every 200'.
21. The travel lane is defined by the outside edge of the white pavement marking
line. If a white pavement marking line does not exist, the travel lane is
defined by the contract documents.
22. Construct depressed curb for curb ramps flush to adjacent roadway. Grade
edge of road elevations at the flow line to ensure positive drainage and
prevent ponding. For level landings behind depressed curb, adjust slopes to
provide positive drainage. At the depressed curb joint, remove excess joint
sealer and cover the sealed area with a light application of dry sand.
23. Cheek walls are permitted when adjacent to non-walk areas or elevation
differences cannot be accommodated by flares or grading. Grade grass
areas or other non-walk areas at 3:1 or flatter. Do not install cheek walls that
intersect the pedestrian access route.
24. Construct top of plain cement concrete depressed curb to be flush with
adjacent surfaces (ramps, sidewalks, flares).
25. For curb ramps that lead to a single crosswalk, the ramp (excluding flares) to
be fully inside of marked crosswalk lines. See RC-67M sheet 7 for details.
26. A 4'-0" maximum digital display level will be used to verify the slopes of curb
ramps and sidewalks.
27. Install dummy joints where ramps, landings, flares, and sidewalks abut.
28. Construct depressed curb slope to match roadway profile and have a flush
connection. Transition curb ramp cross slope to match roadway profile as
gradually as possible. Do not exceed 3.00% per 1’-0” cross slope rate of
change when transitioning to roadway profile.
29. Do not score or make grooves on sloped surfaces. Lines shown on RC-67M
details are for illustration only.

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1.0 General Information
1.2 Definitions

1. Alteration Project. A change to a facility in the public right-of-way that

affects or could affect pedestrian access, circulation, or use. Alterations
include, but are not limited to, resurfacing, rehabilitation, reconstruction,
historic restoration, or changes or rearrangement of structural parts or
elements of a facility.

2. Blended Transition. A pedestrian walkway connection with a grade of 5

percent or less between the level of the walkway and the level of the
roadway crosswalk.

3. Cross Slope. The slope that is perpendicular to the direction of travel.

When pedestrians perform turning maneuvers, the cross slope changes
direction with relationship to the pedestrian. See Landing.

4. Curb Ramp. A short pedestrian ramp cutting through a curb or built up

to a curb from a lower level.

5. Detectable Warning Surface (DWS). A standardized truncated dome

grid surface built in or applied to the pedestrian access route to warn
visually impaired people of hazards. The surface is placed where
pedestrians will encounter the presence of hazards in the line of travel,
such as the edge of roadway and railroads, indicating that they should
stop and determine the nature of the hazard before proceeding further.

6. Landing. An approximately level [1V:50H (2.00%) maximum in

longitudinal slope and cross slope] part of a pedestrian accessible route
or walkway that provides a space for performing turning maneuvers,
resting or accessing pushbuttons.

7. Pedestrian Access Route (PAR). A continuous and unobstructed

walkway within a pedestrian circulation path that provides accessibility.
Pedestrian accessible routes may include parking access aisles, curb
ramps, crosswalks at vehicular ways, walks, ramps, and lifts

8. Ramp. Any part of a constructed pedestrian pathway with a slope

greater than 1V:20H (5.00%).

9. Running Slope. The slope that is parallel to the direction of travel, also
known as longitudinal slope.

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1.0 General Information
1.2 Definitions (continued)
10. Technically Infeasible. A finding that alterations to an existing facility
cannot fully meet the standards because of existing site conditions that
would require additional work, right-of-way acquisition or impacts, not
included in the original scope or limits of the alteration project. Existing
site constraints such as limited right-of-way, existing utilities, existing
structures, environmental/historic impacts or other site constraints may
also prohibit modification or addition of elements, spaces, or facilities
that are in full and strict compliance with the standards (e.g., curb ramps
may be constructed with slopes greater than 1V:12H (8.33%) where
space limitations prohibit the use of flatter slopes). Where full compliance
is found to be technically infeasible, these curb ramps must use slopes
that provide access to the maximum extent feasible.

11. Traveled Way. The portion of the roadway for the movement of vehicles,
exclusive of roadway shoulders, berms, sidewalks and parking lanes.

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2.0 Basic ADA Requirements
2.1 Vertical Elevation Changes

1. ¼” maximum vertical elevation difference.

2. Elevation differences greater than ¼” and up to ½”
maximum may be beveled at 2 horizontal: 1 vertical.
3. Elevation differences greater than ½” must be sloped
similar to that of a ramp or curb ramp.

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2.0 Basic ADA Requirements
2.2 Inlet Openings or Horizontal Gaps

For Inlets located within the pedestrian path:

1. ½” maximum grate openings or horizontal gaps.
2. The long opening must be positioned so that it is
perpendicular to the pedestrian path. See RC-45M.
3. Inlet shall not be located in the pedestrian path for new
construction.

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2.0 Basic ADA Requirements
2.3 Curb Ramp Terminology

1. Level landings (2.00% maximum longitudinal and cross

slope) are required where pedestrians perform turning
maneuvers.
2. 4’-0” landings permit 10.00% max flare slopes.
3. Less than 4’-0” landings require 8.33% flare slopes.

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2.0 Basic ADA Requirements
2.4 Pedestrian Access Route

1. 2.00% maximum sidewalk cross-slope.

2. 5.00% maximum sidewalk longitudinal slope or general
roadway slope when adjacent to roadway.
3. 5’-0” min sidewalk width (top of curb not included).
4. 4’-0” min pedestrian access route width.

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3.0 Depressed Curbs
3.1 Curb Ramp Depressed Curb

1. The roadway surface shall be flush with the depressed

curb.
2. The depressed curb should be sloped to match the
adjoining ramp or landing slope of the curb ramp.
3. If the landing is indicated to be less than 4’-0”, construct
side flares 8.33% max slope.

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3.0 Depressed Curbs
3.2 Driveway Depressed Curb

1. For driveways, a 1 ½” maximum vertical lip at the

depressed curb is acceptable since it is not designed for
pedestrians to cross the lip.
2. The depressed curb for driveways should be sloped to
match the adjoining ramp or landing slope of the
driveway.

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4.0 Curb Ramp Details
4.1 Type 1 Curb Ramp

1. Ramp shall be perpendicular to curb. Note: if the ramp is

installed in line with crossing (non-perpendicular), a
triangular level landing will be required to prevent an
uneven surface for wheel chair users. See section 4.11
for landing details.
2. 4’-0” landing required due to turning maneuver.
3. If landing is indicated to be less than 4’-0”, construct side
flares 8.33% max slope.

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4.0 Curb Ramp Details
4.2 Type 1A Curb Ramp

Note: Patterns on ramp are for illustrative

purposes only and are not to be constructed.

Truncated domes may be arranged in a linear strip (above) if the

grade break is less than 5’-0” from the back of curb. If 5’-0” is
exceeded, install truncated domes in a radial installation (below)
or as a linear strip at the back of curb as shown on sheet 9 of RC-
67M.
Note: Patterns on ramp are for illustrative
purposes only and are not to be constructed.

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4.0 Curb Ramp Details
4.3 Type 2 Curb Ramp

1. 5’-0” landing required due to turning maneuver.

2. 8.33% maximum ramp slope; 2.00% maximum cross-
slope.
3. For level landings behind depressed curb, adjust slopes
to provide positive drainage.

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4.0 Curb Ramp Details
4.4 Type 4 Curb Ramp

1. As depicted above, a landing is required at the top of the

ramp due to the turning maneuver.
2. 8.33% maximum ramp slope; 2.00% maximum cross-
slope.

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4.0 Curb Ramp Details
4.5 Type 4A Curb Ramp

1. 8.33% maximum ramp slope; 2.00% maximum cross-

slope.
2. As depicted above, a landing is required at the top of the
ramp due to the turning maneuver.

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4.0 Curb Ramp Details
4.6 Type 6 Curb Ramp

1. 8.33% maximum ramp slope.

2. An intermediate level landing between ramps is required
to perform turning maneuvers.

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4.0 Curb Ramp Details
4.7 Combination Type Curb Ramps

1. Combination type ramps may be used to provide flexibility

in design and construction.
2. 8.33% maximum ramp slope.
3. Level landing required to perform turning maneuvers.

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4.0 Curb Ramp Details
4.8 Blended Transition

1. DWS along the full length of the flush depressed curb,

4’-0” minimum.
2. For long lengths of flush depressed curb, install the DWS
radially.
3. 2.00% maximum cross slope in the pedestrian path.
4. For level landings behind depressed curb, adjust slopes
to provide positive drainage.

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4.0 Curb Ramp Details
4.9 Type A Median Cut Through
(Narrow Medians)

1. DWS required on both sides, behind depressed curb.

2. 5’-0” width (provides space for 2 passing wheelchairs).
3. 6’-0” median width provides a refuge area for a
pedestrian using a wheelchair and a pedestrian following
on foot. A width less than 4’-0” will not provide an
adequate refuge area.
4. 2’-0” minimum separation. Do not install detectable
warning surface if separation is less than 2’-0”.

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4.0 Curb Ramp Details
4.10 Type B Median Cut Through
(Narrow Medians)

1. DWS required on both sides, behind depressed curb.

2. 5’-0” width (provides space for 2 passing wheelchairs).
3. 6’-0” median width provides a refuge area for a
pedestrian using a wheelchair and a pedestrian following
on foot. A width less than 4’-0” will not provide an
adequate refuge area.
4. 2’-0” min separation. Do not install detectable warning
surface if separation is less then 2’-0”.
5. 24” (12” minimum) rolled flares outside of the pedestrian
path.

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4.0 Curb Ramp Details
4.11 Triangular Landings for Curb Ramps not
perpendicular to the curb

Note: Patterns on ramp are for illustrative

purposes only and are not to be constructed.

1. To prevent an uneven surface for wheelchair users, a

triangular level landing is required at the bottom of the
curb ramp.
2. The grade break (start of the ramp) is after the level
landing and perpendicular to the travel direction. This will
allow for both wheels of the wheelchair to make contact
with the grade break at the same time.
3. For level landings behind depressed curb, adjust slopes
to provide positive drainage.

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4.0 Curb Ramp Details
4.12 Type 1 Curb Ramps with Shared Landing

1. Type 1 curb ramps may share a landing at the top of the

ramp.
2. 8.33% maximum ramp slope; 2.00% maximum cross-
slope for ramp and shared landing.
3. 10.00% maximum flare slope with 4’-0” landing depth.
4. If landing is indicated to be less than 4’-0”, construct side
flares 8.33% max slope.

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4.0 Curb Ramp Details
4.13 Type 4 Curb Ramps with Shared Landing

1. Type 4 and Type 4A curb ramps may share a landing at

the top of the ramp.
2. 8.33% maximum ramp slope; 2.00% maximum cross-
slope for ramp and shared landing.

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4.0 Curb Ramp Details
4.14 Type 6 Curb Ramps with Shared Landing

1. Type 6 ramps utilize a ramp in the direction of sidewalk to

help achieve elevations.
2. Type 6 curb ramps may share an intermediate landing.
3. Cheek wall is used to retain the home owner’s yard.
4. 8.33% maximum ramp slope; 2.00% maximum cross-
slope for ramp and shared landing.

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4.0 Curb Ramp Details
4.15 Transition Curb Ramp Cross Slope to
Match Existing Roadway Profile

1. Transition curb ramp cross slope to match existing

roadway profile. Transition to roadway profile as
gradually as possible. Do not exceed a cross slope rate
of change of 3.00% per linear foot.
2. Complete cross slope transition behind DWS or use 12”
square tiles.
3. This allows pedestrians to adjust to roadway profile
behind the curb as well as keep storm water out of cart
path.

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5.0 Driveway Details
5.1 Driveway Type 1

1. DWS only required for high volume driveways (shopping

centers, hotels).
2. 5’-0” wide continuous sidewalk with a 2.00% cross slope
preferred. At a minimum a continuous 4’-0” wide
pedestrian access route shall be maintained.
3. For driveways, a 1 ½” maximum vertical lip at the
depressed curb is acceptable since it is not designed for
pedestrians to cross the lip.
4. 8.00% maximum algebraic grade difference between
roadway slope and driveway ramp slope.
5. 24” (12” minimum) flares when the pedestrian path is
separated with a non-walk surface.

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5.0 Driveway Details
5.2 Driveway Type 1A

1. DWS only required for high volume driveways (shopping

centers, hotels).
2. 5’-0” wide continuous sidewalk with a 2.00% cross slope
preferred. At a minimum a continuous 4’-0” wide
pedestrian access route shall be maintained.
3. For driveways, a 1 ½” maximum vertical lip at the
depressed curb is acceptable since it is not designed for
pedestrians to cross the lip.
4. 8.00% maximum algebraic grade difference between
roadway slope and driveway ramp slope.
5. 10.00% flares when the pedestrian path is adjacent to
driveway flare.

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5.0 Driveway Details
5.3 Driveway Type 2

1. DWS only required for high volume driveways (shopping

centers, hotels).
2. 5’-0” wide continuous sidewalk with a 2.00% cross slope
preferred. At a minimum a continuous 4’-0” wide
pedestrian access route shall be maintained.
3. For driveways, a 1 ½” maximum vertical lip at the
depressed curb is acceptable since it is not designed for
pedestrians to cross the lip.
4. 8.00% maximum algebraic grade difference between
roadway slope and driveway ramp slope.
5. As shown, return curb may be used when the pedestrian
path is separated with a non-walk surface.

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5.0 Driveway Details
5.4 Driveway Type 3A

1. DWS only required for high volume driveways (shopping

centers, hotels).
2. 5’-0” wide continuous sidewalk with a 2.00% cross slope
preferred. At a minimum a continuous 4’-0” wide
pedestrian access route shall be maintained.
3. For driveways, a 1 ½” maximum vertical lip at the
depressed curb is acceptable since it is not designed for
pedestrians to cross the lip.
4. 8.00% maximum algebraic grade difference between
roadway slope and sidewalk slope.
5. Ramp sidewalk down at 8.33% maximum.

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5.0 Driveway Details
5.5 Driveway Type 4

1. DWS only required for high volume driveways (shopping

centers, hotels).
2. 5’-0” wide continuous sidewalk with a 2.00% cross slope
preferred. At a minimum a continuous 4’-0” wide
pedestrian access route shall be maintained.
3. For driveways, a 1 ½” maximum vertical lip at the
depressed curb is acceptable since it is not designed for
pedestrians to cross the lip.
4. 8.00% maximum algebraic grade difference between
roadway slope and driveway ramp slope.
5. Transition sidewalk away from curb at a 2:1 minimum as
shown to provide additional driveway ramp slope length.

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6.0 Surfaces
6.1 Surface Mounted Utilities

1. Existing surface mounted utilities may be in the

pedestrian path but must be:
a. stable, firm, slip resistant
b. less than ¼” vertical lip
c. less than ½” horizontal gap
d. meet inlet requirements (See section 2.2)
e. outside of the detectable warning surface area
2. Place proposed utilities outside of the pedestrian path.

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6.0 Surfaces
6.2 Curb Ramp Changes in Grade

Algebraic grade difference greater than 13.33%

Provide Transition Strip

1. Grade difference between roadway slope and curb ramp

slope not to exceed 13.33%.
2. Where grade difference exceeds 13.33%, provide a 24”
transition strip across the DWS surface so that the grade
difference is not exceeded. Transition strip not to exceed
5.00%.
3. The counter slope of the gutter or road at the foot of a curb
ramp, landing or blended transition is not to exceed 5.00%
maximum slope.

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7.0 Pedestrian Signals
7.1 Pedestrian Signal Heads

1. Install new pushbuttons at 40” to 44” from surface

occupied by pedestrian during operation. See TC-8803
for more details.
2. Existing pushbuttons placed between 36” to 46” are
accessible.

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8.0 Detectable Warning Surfaces
8.1 Approved vs. Not Approved DWS

1. A number of other textured surfaces are available;

however, truncated domes are the only approved surface.
2. Approved domes should form a square grid with respect
to the edge of tile.
3. Diagonally arranged domes form a diamond and should
not be used for new construction.
4. Diagonally arranged domes do not need to be upgraded if
the other properties of the curb ramp meet the latest
PennDOT standards.
5. Wedge-shaped tiles are available for when a radial
installation must be used (top right picture).

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8.0 Detectable Warning Surfaces
8.2 DWS Placement

1. One corner of the DWS must be at the back of curb.

2. The leading edge must be no more than 5’-0” from the
back of the curb.
3. Place detectable warning surface at back of curb when a
linear installation across the grade break exceeds 5’-0”.

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8.0 Detectable Warning Surfaces
8.3 Detectable Warning Surface at Railroad
Crossings

1. Install a 24” wide strip of truncated domes a minimum 6’-

0” (maximum 15’-0”) from the centerline of the nearest
rail.
2. The truncated domes shall extend across the full width of
the pedestrian access route (4’-0” minimum).
3. When a safety gate is present, locate DWS behind the
safety gate.

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9.0 Retrofit Details
9.1 Sidewalk Additions

BEFORE

AFTER

1. When the pedestrian path is obstructed, one solution is to

provide additional sidewalk around the obstruction to
continue the 4’-0” pedestrian access route.
2. Transition sidewalk at a minimum 2:1 rate as shown.

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9.0 Retrofit Details
9.2 Type 1 Curb Ramp without Landing

BEFORE

Possible Solution –Keep the Type 1 curb ramp and install the
required landing.

AFTER

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9.0 Retrofit Details
9.3 Type 1 Curb Ramp without Landing

BEFORE

Possible Solution –Reconstruct curb ramp as a Type 2 curb

ramp.

AFTER

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9.0 Retrofit Details
9.4 Multiple Ramps

BEFORE

Possible Solution - Install Type 6 with intermediate landing.

AFTER

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9.0 Retrofit Details
9.5 Missing Ramps

BEFORE

Possible Solution - Install a Type 4 curb ramp.

(If maximum ramp slope is exceeded, install Type 6, ramp the
sidewalks down to an intermediate landing at the intersection of
the sidewalks).
AFTER

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9.0 Retrofit Details
9.6 Driveway Adjustments

BEFORE

Possible Solution - Install a Type 1A Driveway and provide a 4’-0”

minimum pedestrian access route.

AFTER

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9.0 Retrofit Details
9.7 Driveway Adjustments

BEFORE

Possible Solution - Install a Type 3A Driveway.

AFTER

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9.0 Retrofit Details
9.8 Parallel Curb Ramp with Steep Slopes

BEFORE

AFTER

Partial Type 2 curb ramp installed. Type C inlet replace with a

Type M inlet. Ramp begins at inlet.

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9.0 Retrofit Details
9.9 Removal of Diagonal Curb Ramps

BEFORE

AFTER

Separate Type 1 curb ramps with adjacent traversable flares.

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9.0 Retrofit Details
9.10 Adjacent Curb Ramps

BEFORE

AFTER

Separate Type 1 curb ramps with adjacent traversable flares.

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9.0 Retrofit Details
9.11 Narrow Sidewalk with Cross Slope Issues

BEFORE

AFTER

Adjacent Type 2 curb ramps.

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9.0 Retrofit Details
9.12 Access Pedestrian Pushbuttons

BEFORE

AFTER

Type 2 curb ramps with cheek wall protecting signal pole

foundation and holding soil in place.

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10.0 Design Considerations
10.1 Diagonal Curb Ramps Approval Required

1. ADE of Design or Delegate approval required.

2. Diagonal ramps must have a 48”x48” clear space beyond
the curb face, within the width of the crosswalk and
wholly outside the parallel vehicle travel lane.
3. The clear space must be level (2.00% maximum running
and cross slope) due to the turning maneuver in the
street.

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10.0 Design Considerations
10.2 Ramp Lengths Calculations

To calculate ramp length:

“G1” Proposed Curb Ramp Slope (%)
“G2” Existing Grade (%)
“H” Height of Curb (ft)

Ramp Length (ft) = H

(G1 – G2)/100

Example #1 0.67 = 8.4’ Example #2 0.5 = 16.7’ Use

(5 – -3)/100 (5-2)/100 Steeper
Slope

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10.0 Design Considerations
10.3 Ramp Length Chart 5%

APPROXIMATE RAMP LENGTH (FT)

"G1" 5% SLOPE
"H" CURB HEIGHT (IN)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
12 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
11 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
10 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
9 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
CHASING GRADE

8 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
7 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
6 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
5 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
"G2" EXISTING GRADE (%)

4 8.4 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
3 4.2 8.4 12.5 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
2 2.8 5.6 8.4 11.2 13.9 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
1 2.1 4.2 6.3 8.4 10.5 12.5 14.6 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
0 1.7 3.4 5.0 6.7 8.4 10.0 11.7 13.4 15.0 n/a n/a n/a
-1 1.4 2.8 4.2 5.6 7.0 8.4 9.8 11.2 12.5 13.9 n/a n/a
-2 1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0 7.2 8.4 9.6 10.8 12.0 13.1 14.3
-3 1.1 2.1 3.2 4.2 5.3 6.3 7.3 8.4 9.4 10.5 11.5 12.5
OPPOSING GRADE

-4 1.0 1.9 2.8 3.8 4.7 5.6 6.5 7.5 8.4 9.3 10.2 11.2
-5 0.9 1.7 2.5 3.4 4.2 5.0 5.9 6.7 7.5 8.4 9.2 10.0
-6 0.8 1.6 2.3 3.1 3.8 4.6 5.4 6.1 6.9 7.6 8.4 9.1
-7 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 7.0 7.7 8.4
-8 0.7 1.3 2.0 2.6 3.3 3.9 4.5 5.2 5.8 6.5 7.1 7.7
-9 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.0 3.6 4.2 4.8 5.4 6.0 6.6 7.2
-10 0.6 1.2 1.7 2.3 2.8 3.4 3.9 4.5 5.0 5.6 6.2 6.7
-11 0.6 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7 5.3 5.8 6.3
-12 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.4 5.9

Use the above chart to determine the approximate ramp length.

Step 1. Find the appropriate curb height along the top row.
Step 2. Follow the curb height down to the existing grade slope.
Step 3. The intersecting value is the approximate ramp length at
the given slope.
Step 4. “n/a” indicates that a steeper slope must be used. The
current slope produces a ramp length greater than 15’-0”.

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10.0 Design Considerations
10.4 Ramp Length Chart 6%

APPROXIMATE RAMP LENGTH (FT)

"G1" 6% SLOPE
"H" CURB HEIGHT (IN)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
12 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
11 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
10 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
9 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
CHASING GRADE

8 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
7 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
6 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
5 8.4 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
"G2" EXISTING GRADE (%)

4 4.2 8.4 12.5 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
3 2.8 5.6 8.4 11.2 13.9 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
2 2.1 4.2 6.3 8.4 10.5 12.5 14.6 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
1 1.7 3.4 5.0 6.7 8.4 10.0 11.7 13.4 15.0 n/a n/a n/a
0 1.4 2.8 4.2 5.6 7.0 8.4 9.8 11.2 12.5 13.9 n/a n/a
-1 1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0 7.2 8.4 9.6 10.8 12.0 13.1 14.3
-2 1.1 2.1 3.2 4.2 5.3 6.3 7.3 8.4 9.4 10.5 11.5 12.5
-3 1.0 1.9 2.8 3.8 4.7 5.6 6.5 7.5 8.4 9.3 10.2 11.2
OPPOSING GRADE

-4 0.9 1.7 2.5 3.4 4.2 5.0 5.9 6.7 7.5 8.4 9.2 10.0
-5 0.8 1.6 2.3 3.1 3.8 4.6 5.4 6.1 6.9 7.6 8.4 9.1
-6 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 7.0 7.7 8.4
-7 0.7 1.3 2.0 2.6 3.3 3.9 4.5 5.2 5.8 6.5 7.1 7.7
-8 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.0 3.6 4.2 4.8 5.4 6.0 6.6 7.2
-9 0.6 1.2 1.7 2.3 2.8 3.4 3.9 4.5 5.0 5.6 6.2 6.7
-10 0.6 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7 5.3 5.8 6.3
-11 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.4 5.9
-12 0.5 1.0 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.8 3.3 3.8 4.2 4.7 5.1 5.6

Use the above chart to determine the approximate ramp length.

Step 1. Find the appropriate curb height along the top row.
Step 2. Follow the curb height down to the existing grade slope.
Step 3. The intersecting value is the approximate ramp length at
the given slope.
Step 4. “n/a” indicates that a steeper slope must be used. The
current slope produces a ramp length greater than 15’-0”.

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10.0 Design Considerations
10.5 Ramp Length Chart 7%

APPROXIMATE RAMP LENGTH (FT)

"G1" 7% SLOPE
"H" CURB HEIGHT (IN)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
12 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
11 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
10 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
9 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
CHASING GRADE

8 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
7 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
6 8.4 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
5 4.2 8.4 12.5 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
"G2" EXISTING GRADE (%)

4 2.8 5.6 8.4 11.2 13.9 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
3 2.1 4.2 6.3 8.4 10.5 12.5 14.6 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
2 1.7 3.4 5.0 6.7 8.4 10.0 11.7 13.4 15.0 n/a n/a n/a
1 1.4 2.8 4.2 5.6 7.0 8.4 9.8 11.2 12.5 13.9 n/a n/a
0 1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0 7.2 8.4 9.6 10.8 12.0 13.1 14.3
-1 1.1 2.1 3.2 4.2 5.3 6.3 7.3 8.4 9.4 10.5 11.5 12.5
-2 1.0 1.9 2.8 3.8 4.7 5.6 6.5 7.5 8.4 9.3 10.2 11.2
-3 0.9 1.7 2.5 3.4 4.2 5.0 5.9 6.7 7.5 8.4 9.2 10.0
OPPOSING GRADE

-4 0.8 1.6 2.3 3.1 3.8 4.6 5.4 6.1 6.9 7.6 8.4 9.1
-5 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 7.0 7.7 8.4
-6 0.7 1.3 2.0 2.6 3.3 3.9 4.5 5.2 5.8 6.5 7.1 7.7
-7 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.0 3.6 4.2 4.8 5.4 6.0 6.6 7.2
-8 0.6 1.2 1.7 2.3 2.8 3.4 3.9 4.5 5.0 5.6 6.2 6.7
-9 0.6 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7 5.3 5.8 6.3
-10 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.4 5.9
-11 0.5 1.0 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.8 3.3 3.8 4.2 4.7 5.1 5.6
-12 0.5 0.9 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.7 3.1 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.9 5.3

Use the above chart to determine the approximate ramp length.

Step 1. Find the appropriate curb height along the top row.
Step 2. Follow the curb height down to the existing grade slope.
Step 3. The intersecting value is the approximate ramp length at
the given slope.
Step 4. “n/a” indicates that a steeper slope must be used. The
current slope produces a ramp length greater than 15’-0”.

- 53 -
10.0 Design Considerations
10.6 Ramp Length Chart 8.33%

APPROXIMATE RAMP LENGTH (FT)

"G1" 8.33% SLOPE
"H" CURB HEIGHT (IN)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
12 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
11 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
10 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
9 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
CHASING GRADE

8 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
7 6.3 12.6 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
6 3.6 7.2 10.8 14.4 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
5 2.6 5.1 7.6 10.1 12.6 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
"G2" EXISTING GRADE (%)

4 2.0 3.9 5.8 7.7 9.7 11.6 13.5 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
3 1.6 3.2 4.7 6.3 7.9 9.4 11.0 12.6 14.1 15.0 15.0 15.0
2 1.4 2.7 4.0 5.3 6.6 7.9 9.3 10.6 11.9 13.2 14.5 15.0
1 1.2 2.3 3.5 4.6 5.7 6.9 8.0 9.1 10.3 11.4 12.6 13.7
0 1.1 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 6.1 7.1 8.1 9.1 10.1 11.1 12.1
-1 0.9 1.8 2.7 3.6 4.5 5.4 6.3 7.2 8.1 9.0 9.9 10.8
-2 0.9 1.7 2.5 3.3 4.1 4.9 5.7 6.5 7.3 8.1 8.9 9.7
-3 0.8 1.5 2.3 3.0 3.7 4.5 5.2 5.9 6.7 7.4 8.1 8.9
OPPOSING GRADE

-4 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.4 4.1 4.8 5.5 6.1 6.8 7.5 8.2
-5 0.7 1.3 1.9 2.6 3.2 3.8 4.4 5.1 5.7 6.3 6.9 7.6
-6 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.0 3.5 4.1 4.7 5.3 5.9 6.4 7.0
-7 0.6 1.1 1.7 2.2 2.8 3.3 3.9 4.4 4.9 5.5 6.0 6.6
-8 0.6 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.6 3.1 3.6 4.1 4.6 5.2 5.7 6.2
-9 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.9 3.4 3.9 4.4 4.9 5.3 5.8
-10 0.5 1.0 1.4 1.9 2.3 2.8 3.2 3.7 4.1 4.6 5.1 5.5
-11 0.5 0.9 1.3 1.8 2.2 2.6 3.1 3.5 3.9 4.4 4.8 5.2
-12 0.5 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.6 5.0

Use the above chart to determine the approximate ramp length.

Step 1. Find the appropriate curb height along the top row.
Step 2. Follow the curb height down to the existing grade slope.
Step 3. The intersecting value is the approximate ramp length at
the given slope.

- 54 -
10.0 Design Considerations
10.7 Ramp Length Chart 10%

APPROXIMATE RAMP LENGTH (FT)

"G1" 10% SLOPE
"H" CURB HEIGHT (IN)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
12 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
11 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
10 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
9 8.4 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
CHASING GRADE

8 4.2 8.4 12.5 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
7 2.8 5.6 8.4 11.2 13.9 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
6 2.1 4.2 6.3 8.4 10.5 12.5 14.6 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
5 1.7 3.4 5.0 6.7 8.4 10.0 11.7 13.4 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
"G2" EXISTING GRADE (%)

4 1.4 2.8 4.2 5.6 7.0 8.4 9.8 11.2 12.5 13.9 15.0 15.0
3 1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0 7.2 8.4 9.6 10.8 12.0 13.1 14.3
2 1.1 2.1 3.2 4.2 5.3 6.3 7.3 8.4 9.4 10.5 11.5 12.5
1 1.0 1.9 2.8 3.8 4.7 5.6 6.5 7.5 8.4 9.3 10.2 11.2
0 0.9 1.7 2.5 3.4 4.2 5.0 5.9 6.7 7.5 8.4 9.2 10.0
-1 0.8 1.6 2.3 3.1 3.8 4.6 5.4 6.1 6.9 7.6 8.4 9.1
-2 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 7.0 7.7 8.4
-3 0.7 1.3 2.0 2.6 3.3 3.9 4.5 5.2 5.8 6.5 7.1 7.7
OPPOSING GRADE

-4 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.0 3.6 4.2 4.8 5.4 6.0 6.6 7.2
-5 0.6 1.2 1.7 2.3 2.8 3.4 3.9 4.5 5.0 5.6 6.2 6.7
-6 0.6 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7 5.3 5.8 6.3
-7 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.4 5.9
-8 0.5 1.0 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.8 3.3 3.8 4.2 4.7 5.1 5.6
-9 0.5 0.9 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.7 3.1 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.9 5.3
-10 0.5 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 4.2 4.6 5.0
-11 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.8
-12 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.5 3.8 4.2 4.6

Use the above chart to determine the approximate ramp length.

Step 1. Find the appropriate curb height along the top row.
Step 2. Follow the curb height down to the existing grade slope.
Step 3. The intersecting value is the approximate ramp length at
the given slope.

- 55 -