4/27/2019 Appendix A: Statistical Tables and Charts

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Appendix A Statistical Tables and Charts

Name Probability Distribution Mean Variance Section in Book

Discrete

Uniform 3.5

Binomial np np(1 − p) 3.6

x = 0, 1, …, n, 0 ≤ p ≤ 1

Geometric 1/p (1 − p)/p2 3.7

Negative binomial r/p r(1 − p)/p2 3.7

Hypergeometric 3.8

Poisson λ λ 3-9

Continuous

Uniform 4.5

Normal 4.6

Exponential 4.8

Erlang 4.9.1

Gamma 4.9.2

Weibull 4.10

Lognormal 4.11

Beta 4-12

TableISummary of Common Probability Distributions

n x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.95 0.99

 1  0 0.9000 0.8000 0.7000 0.6000 0.5000 0.4000 0.3000 0.2000 0.1000 0.0500 0.0100

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n x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.95 0.99

 2  0 0.8100 0.6400 0.4900 0.3600 0.2500 0.1600 0.0900 0.0400 0.0100 0.0025 0.0001

 1 0.9900 0.9600 0.9100 0.8400 0.7500 0.6400 0.5100 0.3600 0.1900 0.0975 0.0199

 3  0 0.7290 0.5120 0.3430 0.2160 0.1250 0.0640 0.0270 0.0080 0.0010 0.0001 0.0000

 1 0.9720 0.8960 0.7840 0.6480 0.5000 0.3520 0.2160 0.1040 0.0280 0.0073 0.0003

 2 0.9990 0.9920 0.9730 0.9360 0.8750 0.7840 0.6570 0.4880 0.2710 0.1426 0.0297

 4  0 0.6561 0.4096 0.2401 0.1296 0.0625 0.0256 0.0081 0.0016 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

 1 0.9477 0.8192 0.6517 0.4752 0.3125 0.1792 0.0837 0.0272 0.0037 0.0005 0.0000

 2 0.9963 0.9728 0.9163 0.8208 0.6875 0.5248 0.3483 0.1808 0.0523 0.0140 0.0006

 3 0.9999 0.9984 0.9919 0.9744 0.9375 0.8704 0.7599 0.5904 0.3439 0.1855 0.0394

 5  0 0.5905 0.3277 0.1681 0.0778 0.0313 0.0102 0.0024 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 1 0.9185 0.7373 0.5282 0.3370 0.1875 0.0870 0.0308 0.0067 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000

 2 0.9914 0.9421 0.8369 0.6826 0.5000 0.3174 0.1631 0.0579 0.0086 0.0012 0.0000

 3 0.9995 0.9933 0.9692 0.9130 0.8125 0.6630 0.4718 0.2627 0.0815 0.0226 0.0010

 4 1.0000 0.9997 0.9976 0.9898 0.6988 0.9222 0.8319 0.6723 0.4095 0.2262 0.0490

 6  0 0.5314 0.2621 0.1176 0.0467 0.0156 0.0041 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 1 0.8857 0.6554 0.4202 0.2333 0.1094 0.0410 0.0109 0.0016 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

 2 0.9842 0.9011 0.7443 0.5443 0.3438 0.1792 0.0705 0.0170 0.0013 0.0001 0.0000

 3 0.9987 0.9830 0.9295 0.8208 0.6563 0.4557 0.2557 0.0989 0.0159 0.0022 0.0000

 4 0.9999 0.9984 0.9891 0.9590 0.9806 0.7667 0.5798 0.3446 0.1143 0.0328 0.0015

 5 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9959 0.9844 0.9533 0.8824 0.7379 0.4686 0.2649 0.0585

 7  0 0.4783 0.2097 0.0824 0.0280 0.0078 0.0016 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 1 0.8503 0.5767 0.3294 0.1586 0.0625 0.0188 0.0038 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 2 0.9743 0.8520 0.6471 0.4199 0.2266 0.0963 0.0288 0.0047 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000

 3 0.9973 0.9667 0.8740 0.7102 0.5000 0.2898 0.1260 0.0333 0.0027 0.0002 0.0000

 4 0.9998 0.9953 0.9712 0.9037 0.7734 0.5801 0.3529 0.1480 0.0257 0.0038 0.0000

 5 1.0000 0.9996 0.9962 0.9812 0.9375 0.8414 0.6706 0.4233 0.1497 0.0444 0.0020

 6 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9984 0.9922 0.9720 0.9176 0.7903 0.5217 0.3017 0.0679

 8  0 0.4305 0.1678 0.0576 0.0168 0.0039 0.0007 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

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n x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.95 0.99

 1 0.8131 0.5033 0.2553 0.1064 0.0352 0.0085 0.0013 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 2 0.9619 0.7969 0.5518 0.3154 0.1445 0.0498 0.0113 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 3 0.9950 0.9437 0.8059 0.5941 0.3633 0.1737 0.0580 0.0104 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000

 4 0.9996 0.9896 0.9420 0.8263 0.6367 0.4059 0.1941 0.0563 0.0050 0.0004 0.0000

 5 1.0000 0.9988 0.9887 0.9502 0.8555 0.6846 0.4482 0.2031 0.0381 0.0058 0.0001

 6 1.0000 0.9999 0.9987 0.9915 0.9648 0.8936 0.7447 0.4967 0.1869 0.0572 0.0027

 7 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9993 0.9961 0.9832 0.9424 0.8322 0.5695 0.3366 0.0773

 9  0 0.3874 0.1342 0.0404 0.0101 0.0020 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 1 0.7748 0.4362 0.1960 0.0705 0.0195 0.0038 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 2 0.9470 0.7382 0.4628 0.2318 0.0889 0.0250 0.0043 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 3 0.9917 0.9144 0.7297 0.4826 0.2539 0.0994 0.0253 0.0031 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

 4 0.9991 0.9804 0.9012 0.7334 0.5000 0.2666 0.0988 0.0196 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000

 5 0.9999 0.9969 0.9747 0.9006 0.7461 0.5174 0.2703 0.0856 0.0083 0.0006 0.0000

 6 1.0000 0.9997 0.9957 0.9750 0.9102 0.7682 0.5372 0.2618 0.0530 0.0084 0.0001

 7 1.0000 1.0000 0.9996 0.9962 0.9805 0.9295 0.8040 0.5638 0.2252 0.0712 0.0034

 8 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9980 0.9899 0.9596 0.8658 0.6126 0.3698 0.0865

10  0 0.3487 0.1074 0.0282 0.0060 0.0010 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 1 0.7361 0.3758 0.1493 0.0464 0.0107 0.0017 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 2 0.9298 0.6778 0.3828 0.1673 0.0547 0.0123 0.0016 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 3 0.9872 0.8791 0.6496 0.3823 0.1719 0.0548 0.0106 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 4 0.9984 0.9672 0.8497 0.6331 0.3770 0.1662 0.0473 0.0064 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

 5 0.9999 0.9936 0.9527 0.8338 0.6230 0.3669 0.1503 0.0328 0.0016 0.0001 0.0000

 6 1.0000 0.9991 0.9894 0.9452 0.8281 0.6177 0.3504 0.1209 0.0128 0.0010 0.0000

 7 1.0000 0.9999 0.9984 0.9877 0.9453 0.8327 0.6172 0.3222 0.0702 0.0115 0.0001

 8 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9983 0.9893 0.9536 0.8507 0.6242 0.2639 0.0861 0.0043

 9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9990 0.9940 0.9718 0.8926 0.6513 0.4013 0.0956

11  0 0.3138 0.0859 0.0198 0.0036 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 1 0.6974 0.3221 0.1130 0.0302 0.0059 0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

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n x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.95 0.99

 2 0.9104 0.6174 0.3127 0.1189 0.0327 0.0059 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 3 0.9815 0.8389 0.5696 0.2963 0.1133 0.0293 0.0043 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 4 0.9972 0.9496 0.7897 0.5328 0.2744 0.0994 0.0216 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 5 0.9997 0.9883 0.9218 0.7535 0.5000 0.2465 0.0782 0.0117 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000

 6 1.0000 0.9980 0.9784 0.9006 0.7256 0.4672 0.2103 0.0504 0.0028 0.0001 0.0000

 7 1.0000 0.9998 0.9957 0.9707 0.8867 0.7037 0.4304 0.1611 0.0185 0.0016 0.0000

 8 1.0000 1.0000 0.9994 0.9941 0.9673 0.8811 0.6873 0.3826 0.0896 0.0152 0.0002

 9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9993 0.9941 0.9698 0.8870 0.6779 0.3026 0.1019 0.0052

10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9995 0.9964 0.9802 0.9141 0.6862 0.4312 0.1047

12  0 0.2824 0.0687 0.0138 0.0022 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 1 0.6590 0.2749 0.0850 0.0196 0.0032 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 2 0.8891 0.5583 0.2528 0.0834 0.0193 0.0028 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 3 0.9744 0.7946 0.4925 0.2253 0.0730 0.0153 0.0017 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 4 0.9957 0.9274 0.7237 0.4382 0.1938 0.0573 0.0095 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 5 0.9995 0.9806 0.8822 0.6652 0.3872 0.1582 0.0386 0.0039 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

 6 0.9999 0.9961 0.9614 0.8418 0.6128 0.3348 0.1178 0.0194 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000

 7 1.0000 0.9994 0.9905 0.9427 0.8062 0.5618 0.2763 0.0726 0.0043 0.0002 0.0000

 8 1.0000 0.9999 0.9983 0.9847 0.9270 0.7747 0.5075 0.2054 0.0256 0.0022 0.0000

 9 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9972 0.9807 0.9166 0.7472 0.4417 0.1109 0.0196 0.0002

10 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9968 0.9804 0.9150 0.7251 0.3410 0.1184 0.0062

11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9978 0.9862 0.9313 0.7176 0.4596 0.1136

13  0 0.2542 0.0550 0.0097 0.0013 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 1 0.6213 0.2336 0.0637 0.0126 0.0017 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 2 0.8661 0.5017 0.2025 0.0579 0.0112 0.0013 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 3 0.9658 0.7473 0.4206 0.1686 0.0461 0.0078 0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 4 0.9935 0.9009 0.6543 0.3530 0.1334 0.0321 0.0040 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 5 0.9991 0.9700 0.8346 0.5744 0.2905 0.0977 0.0182 0.0012 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 6 0.9999 0.9930 0.9376 0.7712 0.5000 0.2288 0.0624 0.0070 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

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n x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.95 0.99

 7 1.0000 0.9988 0.9818 0.9023 0.7095 0.4256 0.1654 0.0300 0.0009 0.0000 0.0000

 8 1.0000 0.9988 0.9960 0.9679 0.8666 0.6470 0.3457 0.0991 0.0065 0.0003 0.0000

 9 1.0000 1.0000 0.9993 0.9922 0.9539 0.8314 0.5794 0.2527 0.0342 0.0031 0.0000

10 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9987 0.9888 0.9421 0.7975 0.4983 0.1339 0.0245 0.0003

11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9983 0.9874 0.9363 0.7664 0.3787 0.1354 0.0072

12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9987 0.9903 0.9450 0.7458 0.4867 0.1225

14  0 0.2288 0.0440 0.0068 0.0008 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 1 0.5846 0.1979 0.0475 0.0081 0.0009 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 2 0.8416 0.4481 0.1608 0.0398 0.0065 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 3 0.9559 0.6982 0.3552 0.1243 0.0287 0.0039 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 4 0.9908 0.8702 0.5842 0.2793 0.0898 0.0175 0.0017 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 5 0.9985 0.9561 0.7805 0.4859 0.2120 0.0583 0.0083 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 6 0.9998 0.9884 0.9067 0.6925 0.3953 0.1501 0.0315 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 7 1.0000 0.9976 0.9685 0.8499 0.6047 0.3075 0.0933 0.0116 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000

 8 1.0000 0.9996 0.9917 0.9417 0.7880 0.5141 0.2195 0.0439 0.0015 0.0000 0.0000

 9 1.0000 1.0000 0.9983 0.9825 0.9102 0.7207 0.4158 0.1298 0.0092 0.0004 0.0000

10 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9961 0.9713 0.8757 0.6448 0.3018 0.0441 0.0042 0.0000

11 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9994 0.9935 0.9602 0.8392 0.5519 0.1584 0.0301 0.0003

12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9991 0.9919 0.9525 0.8021 0.4154 0.1530 0.0084

13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9992 0.9932 0.9560 0.7712 0.5123 0.1313

15  0 0.2059 0.0352 0.0047 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 1 0.5490 0.1671 0.0353 0.0052 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 2 0.8159 0.3980 0.1268 0.0271 0.0037 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 3 0.9444 0.6482 0.2969 0.0905 0.0176 0.0019 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 4 0.9873 0.8358 0.5155 0.2173 0.0592 0.0093 0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 5 0.9978 0.9389 0.7216 0.4032 0.1509 0.0338 0.0037 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 6 0.9997 0.9819 0.8689 0.6098 0.3036 0.0950 0.0152 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 7 1.0000 0.9958 0.9500 0.7869 0.5000 0.2131 0.0500 0.0042 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

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n x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.95 0.99

 8 1.0000 0.9992 0.9848 0.9050 0.6964 0.3902 0.1311 0.0181 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000

 9 1.0000 0.9999 0.9963 0.9662 0.8491 0.5968 0.2784 0.0611 0.0022 0.0001 0.0000

10 1.0000 1.0000 0.9993 0.9907 0.9408 0.7827 0.4845 0.1642 0.0127 0.0006 0.0000

11 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9981 0.9824 0.9095 0.7031 0.3518 0.0556 0.0055 0.0000

12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9963 0.9729 0.8732 0.6020 01841 0.0362 0.0004

13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9995 0.9948 0.9647 0.8329 0.4510 0.1710 0.0096

14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9995 0.9953 0.9648 0.7941 0.5367 0.1399

20  0 0.1216 0.0115 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 1 0.3917 0.0692 0.0076 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 2 0.6769 0.2061 0.0355 0.0036 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 3 0.8670 0.4114 0.1071 0.0160 0.0013 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 4 0.9568 0.6296 0.2375 0.0510 0.0059 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 5 0.9887 0.8042 0.4164 0.1256 0.0207 0.0016 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 6 0.9976 0.9133 0.6080 0.2500 0.0577 0.0065 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 7 0.9996 0.9679 0.7723 0.4159 0.1316 0.0210 0.0013 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 8 0.9999 0.9900 0.8867 0.5956 0.2517 0.0565 0.0051 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 9 1.0000 0.9974 0.9520 0.7553 0.4119 0.1275 0.0171 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

10 1.0000 0.9994 0.9829 0.8725 0.5881 0.2447 0.0480 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

11 1.0000 0.9999 0.9949 0.9435 0.7483 0.4044 0.1133 0.0100 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000

12 1.0000 1.0000 0.9987 0.9790 0.8684 0.5841 0.2277 0.0321 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000

13 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9935 0.9423 0.7500 0.3920 0.0867 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000

14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9984 0.9793 0.8744 0.5836 0.1958 0.0113 0.0003 0.0000

15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9997 0.9941 0.9490 0.7625 0.3704 0.0432 0.0026 0.0000

16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9987 0.9840 0.8929 0.5886 0.1330 0.0159 0.0000

17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9998 0.9964 0.9645 0.7939 0.3231 0.0755 0.0010

18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9995 0.9924 0.9308 0.6083 0.2642 0.0169

19 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9992 0.9885 0.8784 0.6415 0.1821

TableIICumulative Binomial Probabilities P(X ≤ x)

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()

z −0.09 −0.08 −0.07 −0.06 −0.05 −0.04 −0.03 −0.02 −0.01 −0.00

−3.9 0.000033 0.000034 0.000036 0.000037 0.000039 0.000041 0.000042 0.000044 0.000046 0.000048

−3.8 0.000050 0.000052 0.000054 0.000057 0.000059 0.000062 0.000064 0.000067 0.000069 0.000072

−3.7 0.000075 0.000078 0.000082 0.000085 0.000088 0.000092 0.000096 0.000100 0.000104 0.000108

−3.6 0.000112 0.000117 0.000121 0.000126 0.000131 0.000136 0.000142 0.000147 0.000153 0.000159

−3.5 0.000165 0.000172 0.000179 0.000185 0.000193 0.000200 0.000208 0.000216 0.000224 0.000233

−3.4 0.000242 0.000251 0.000260 0.000270 0.000280 0.000291 0.000302 0.000313 0.000325 0.000337

−3.3 0.000350 0.000362 0.000376 0.000390 0.000404 0.000419 0.000434 0.000450 0.000467 0.000483

−3.2 0.000501 0.000519 0.000538 0.000557 0.000577 0.000598 0.000619 0.000641 0.000664 0.000687

−3.1 0.000711 0.000736 0.000762 0.000789 0.000816 0.000845 0.000874 0.000904 0.000935 0.000968

−3.0 0.001001 0.001035 0.001070 0.001107 0.001144 0.001183 0.001223 0.001264 0.001306 0.001350

−2.9 0.001395 0.001441 0.001489 0.001538 0.001589 0.001641 0.001695 0.001750 0.001807 0.001866

−2.8 0.001926 0.001988 0.002052 0.002118 0.002186 0.002256 0.002327 0.002401 0.002477 0.002555

−2.7 0.002635 0.002718 0.002803 0.002890 0.002980 0.003072 0.003167 0.003264 0.003364 0.003467

−2.6 0.003573 0.003681 0.003793 0.003907 0.004025 0.004145 0.004269 0.004396 0.004527 0.004661

−2.5 0.004799 0.004940 0.005085 0.005234 0.005386 0.005543 0.005703 0.005868 0.006037 0.006210

−2.4 0.006387 0.006569 0.006756 0.006947 0.007143 0.007344 0.007549 0.007760 0.007976 0.008198

−2.3 0.008424 0.008656 0.008894 0.009137 0.009387 0.009642 0.009903 0.010170 0.010444 0.010724

−2.2 0.011011 0.011304 0.011604 0.011911 0.012224 0.012545 0.012874 0.013209 0.013553 0.013903

−2.1 0.014262 0.014629 0.015003 0.015386 0.015778 0.016177 0.016586 0.017003 0.017429 0.017864

−2.0 0.018309 0.018763 0.019226 0.019699 0.020182 0.020675 0.021178 0.021692 0.022216 0.022750

−1.9 0.023295 0.023852 0.024419 0.024998 0.025588 0.026190 0.026803 0.027429 0.028067 0.028717

−1.8 0.029379 0.030054 0.030742 0.031443 0.032157 0.032884 0.033625 0.034379 0.035148 0.035930

−1.7 0.036727 0.037538 0.038364 0.039204 0.040059 0.040929 0.041815 0.042716 0.043633 0.044565

−1.6 0.045514 0.046479 0.047460 0.048457 0.049471 0.050503 0.051551 0.052616 0.053699 0.054799

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z −0.09 −0.08 −0.07 −0.06 −0.05 −0.04 −0.03 −0.02 −0.01 −0.00

−1.5 0.055917 0.057053 0.058208 0.059380 0.060571 0.061780 0.063008 0.064256 0.065522 0.066807

−1.4 0.068112 0.069437 0.070781 0.072145 0.073529 0.074934 0.076359 0.077804 0.079270 0.080757

−1.3 0.082264 0.083793 0.085343 0.086915 0.088508 0.090123 0.091759 0.093418 0.095098 0.096801

−1.2 0.098525 0.100273 0.102042 0.103835 0.105650 0.107488 0.109349 0.111233 0.113140 0.115070

−1.1 0.117023 0.119000 0.121001 0.123024 0.125072 0.127143 0.129238 0.131357 0.133500 0.135666

−1.0 0.137857 0.140071 0.142310 0.144572 0.146859 0.149170 0.151505 0.153864 0.156248 0.158655

−0.9 0.161087 0.163543 0.166023 0.168528 0.171056 0.173609 0.176185 0.178786 0.181411 0.184060

−0.8 0.186733 0.189430 0.192150 0.194894 0.197662 0.200454 0.203269 0.206108 0.208970 0.211855

−0.7 0.214764 0.217695 0.220650 0.223627 0.226627 0.229650 0.232695 0.235762 0.238852 0.241964

−0.6 0.245097 0.248252 0.251429 0.254627 0.257846 0.261086 0.264347 0.267629 0.270931 0.274253

−0.5 0.277595 0.280957 0.284339 0.287740 0.291160 0.294599 0.298056 0.301532 0.305026 0.308538

−0.4 0.312067 0.315614 0.319178 0.322758 0.326355 0.329969 0.333598 0.337243 0.340903 0.344578

−0.3 0.348268 0.351973 0.355691 0.359424 0.363169 0.366928 0.370700 0.374484 0.378281 0.382089

−0.2 0.385908 0.389739 0.393580 0.397432 0.401294 0.405165 0.409046 0.412936 0.416834 0.420740

−0.1 0.424655 0.428576 0.432505 0.436441 0.440382 0.444330 0.448283 0.452242 0.456205 0.460172

 0.0 0.464144 0.468119 0.472097 0.476078 0.480061 0.484047 0.488033 0.492022 0.496011 0.500000

()

z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

 0.0 0.500000 0.503989 0.507978 0.511967 0.515953 0.519939 0.532922 0.527903 0.531881 0.535856

 0.1 0.539828 0.543795 0.547758 0.551717 0.555760 0.559618 0.563559 0.567495 0.571424 0.575345

 0.2 0.579260 0.583166 0.587064 0.590954 0.594835 0.598706 0.602568 0.606420 0.610261 0.614092

 0.3 0.617911 0.621719 0.625516 0.629300 0.633072 0.636831 0.640576 0.644309 0.648027 0.651732

 0.4 0.655422 0.659097 0.662757 0.666402 0.670031 0.673645 0.677242 0.680822 0.684386 0.687933

 0.5 0.691462 0.694974 0.698468 0.701944 0.705401 0.708840 0.712260 0.715661 0.719043 0.722405

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z −0.09 −0.08 −0.07 −0.06 −0.05 −0.04 −0.03 −0.02 −0.01 −0.00

 0.6 0.725747 0.729069 0.732371 0.735653 0.738914 0.742154 0.745373 0.748571 0.751748 0.754903

 0.7 0.758036 0.761148 0.764238 0.767305 0.770350 0.773373 0.776373 0.779350 0.782305 0.785236

 0.8 0.788145 0.791030 0.793892 0.796731 0.799546 0.802338 0.805106 0.807850 0.810570 0.813267

 0.9 0.815940 0.818589 0.821214 0.823815 0.826391 0.828944 0.831472 0.833977 0.836457 0.838913

 1.0 0.841345 0.843752 0.846136 0.848495 0.850830 0.853141 0.855428 0.857690 0.859929 0.862143

 1.1 0.864334 0.866500 0.868643 0.870762 0.872857 0.874928 0.876976 0.878999 0.881000 0.882977

 1.2 0.884930 0.886860 0.888767 0.890651 0.892512 0.894350 0.896165 0.897958 0.899727 0.901475

 1.3 0.903199 0.904902 0.906582 0.908241 0.909877 0.911492 0.913085 0.914657 0.916207 0.917736

 1.4 0.919243 0.920730 0.922196 0.923641 0.925066 0.926471 0.927855 0.929219 0.930563 0.931888

 1.5 0.933193 0.934478 0.935744 0.936992 0.938220 0.939429 0.940620 0.941792 0.942947 0.944083

 1.6 0.945201 0.946301 0.947384 0.948449 0.949497 0.950529 0.951543 0.952540 0.953521 0.954486

 1.7 0.955435 0.956367 0.957284 0.958185 0.959071 0.959941 0.960796 0.961636 0.962462 0.963273

 1.8 0.964070 0.964852 0.965621 0.966375 0.967116 0.967843 0.968557 0.969258 0.969946 0.970621

 1.9 0.971283 0.971933 0.972571 0.973197 0.973810 0.974412 0.975002 0.975581 0.976148 0.976705

 2.0 0.977250 0.977784 0.978308 0.978822 0.979325 0.979818 0.980301 0.980774 0.981237 0.981691

 2.1 0.982136 0.982571 0.982997 0.983414 0.983823 0.984222 0.984614 0.984997 0.985371 0.985738

 2.2 0.986097 0.986447 0.986791 0.987126 0.987455 0.987776 0.988089 0.988396 0.988696 0.988989

 2.3 0.989276 0.989556 0.989830 0.990097 0.990358 0.990613 0.990863 0.991106 0.991344 0.991576

 2.4 0.991802 0.992024 0.992240 0.992451 0.992656 0.992857 0.993053 0.993244 0.993431 0.993613

 2.5 0.993790 0.993963 0.994132 0.994297 0.994457 0.994614 0.994766 0.994915 0.995060 0.995201

 2.6 0.995339 0.995473 0.995604 0.995731 0.995855 0.995975 0.996093 0.996207 0.996319 0.996427

 2.7 0.996533 0.996636 0.996736 0.996833 0.996928 0.997020 0.997110 0.997197 0.997282 0.997365

 2.8 0.997445 0.997523 0.997599 0.997673 0.997744 0.997814 0.997882 0.997948 0.998012 0.998074

 2.9 0.998134 0.998193 0.998250 0.998305 0.998359 0.998411 0.998462 0.998511 0.998559 0.998605

 3.0 0.998650 0.998694 0.998736 0.998777 0.998817 0.998856 0.998893 0.998930 0.998965 0.998999

 3.1 0.999032 0.999065 0.999096 0.999126 0.999155 0.999184 0.999211 0.999238 0.999264 0.999289

 3.2 0.999313 0.999336 0.999359 0.999381 0.999402 0.999423 0.999443 0.999462 0.999481 0.999499

 3.3 0.999517 0.999533 0.999550 0.999566 0.999581 0.999596 0.999610 0.999624 0.999638 0.999650

 3.4 0.999663 0.999675 0.999687 0.999698 0.999709 0.999720 0.999730 0.999740 0.999749 0.999758

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z −0.09 −0.08 −0.07 −0.06 −0.05 −0.04 −0.03 −0.02 −0.01 −0.00

 3.5 0.999767 0.999776 0.999784 0.999792 0.999800 0.999807 0.999815 0.999821 0.999828 0.999835

 3.6 0.999841 0.999847 0.999853 0.999858 0.999864 0.999869 0.999874 0.999879 0.999883 0.999888

 3.7 0.999892 0.999896 0.999900 0.999904 0.999908 0.999912 0.999915 0.999918 0.999922 0.999925

 3.8 0.999928 0.999931 0.999933 0.999936 0.999938 0.999941 0.999943 0.999946 0.999948 0.999950

 3.9 0.999952 0.999954 0.999956 0.999958 0.999959 0.999961 0.999963 0.999964 0.999966 0.999967

TableIIICumulative Standard Normal Distribution

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TableIVPercentage Points of the Chi-Squared Distribution

v = degrees of freedom.

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TableVPercentage Points tα,v of the t Distribution

v = degrees of freedom.

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4/27/2019 Appendix A: Statistical Tables and Charts

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4/27/2019 Appendix A: Statistical Tables and Charts

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4/27/2019 Appendix A: Statistical Tables and Charts

TableVIPercentage Points of the F Distribution

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4/27/2019 Appendix A: Statistical Tables and Charts

(a) O.C. curves for different values of n for the two-sided normal test for a level of significance α = 0.05.

(b) O.C. curves for different values of n for the two-sided normal test for a level of significance α = 0.01.

(c) O.C. curves for different values of n for the one-sided normal test for a level of significance α = 0.05.

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4/27/2019 Appendix A: Statistical Tables and Charts

(d) O.C. curves for different values of n for the one-sided normal test for a level of significance α = 0.01.

(e) O.C. curves for different values of n for the two-sided t-test for a level of significance α = 0.05.

(f) O.C. curves for different values of n for the two-sided t-test for a level of significance α = 0.01.

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4/27/2019 Appendix A: Statistical Tables and Charts

(g) O.C. curves for different values of n for the one-sided t-test for a level of significance α = 0.05.

(h) O.C. curves for different values of n for the one-sided t-test for a level of significance α = 0.01.

(i) O.C. curves for different values of n for the two-sided chi-square test for a level of significance α = 0.05.

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4/27/2019 Appendix A: Statistical Tables and Charts
(j) O.C. curves for different values of n for the two-sided chi-square test for a level of significance α = 0.01.

(k) O.C. curves for different values of n for the one-sided (upper-tail) chi-square test for a level of significance α = 0.05.

(l) O.C. curves for different values of n for the one-sided (upper-tail) chi-square test for a level of significance α = 0.01.

(m) O.C. curves for different values of n for the one-sided (lower-tail) chi-square test for a level of significance α = 0.05.

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(n) O.C. curves for different values of n for the one-sided (lower-tail) chi-square test for a level of significance α = 0.01.

(o) O.C. curves for different values of n for the two-sided F-test for a level of significance α = 0.05.

(p) O.C. curves for different values of n for the two-sided F-test for a level of significance α = 0.01.

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(q) O.C. curves for different values of n for the one-sided F-test for a level of significance α = 0.05.

(r) O.C. curves for different values of n for the one-sided F-test for a level of significance α = 0.01.

Chart VIIOperating Characteristic Curves Source: Charts VIa, e, f, k, m, and q are

reproduced with permission from “Operating Characteristics for the Common
Statistical Tests of Significance,” by C. L. Ferris, F. E. Grubbs, and C. L. Weaver,
Annals of Mathematical Statistics, June 1946. Charts VIb, c, d, g, h, i, j, l, n, o, p,
and r are reproduced with permission from Engineering Statistics, 2nd Edition, by A.
H. Bowker and G. J. Lieberman, Prentice-Hall, 1972.

TableVIIICritical Values for the Sign Test

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TableIXCritical Values for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test

*
If n > 25, W− (or W−) is approximately normally distributed with mean n(n + 1)/4 and variance n(n + 1)(2n + 1)/24.

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TableXCritical Values for the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test

*For n1 and n2 > 8, W1 is approximately normally distributed with mean and variance n1n2 (n1 + n2 + 1)/12.

Factor for Control Limits

R Chart S Chart

n* A1 A2 d2 D3 D4 C4 n

 2 3.760 1.880 1.128  0  3.267 0.7979  2

 3 2.394 1.023 1.693  0  2.575 0.8862  3

 4 1.880  .729 2.059  0  2.282 0.9213  4

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Factor for Control Limits

R Chart S Chart

n* A1 A2 d2 D3 D4 C4 n

 5 1.596  .577 2.326  0  2.115 0.9400  5

 6 1.410  .483 2.534  0  2.004 0.9515  6

 7 1.277  .419 2.704 .076 1.924 0.9594  7

 8 1.175  .373 2.847 .136 1.864 0.9650  8

 9 1.094  .337 2.970 .184 1.816 0.9693  9

10 1.028  .308 3.078 .223 1.777 0.9727 10

11  .973  .285 3.173 .256 1.744 0.9754 11

12  .925  .266 3.258 .284 1.716 0.9776 12

13  .884  .249 3.336 .308 1.692 0.9794 13

14  .848  .235 3.407 .329 1.671 0.9810 14

15  .816  .223 3.472 .348 1.652 0.9823 15

16  .788  .212 3.532 .364 1.636 0.9835 16

17  .762  .203 3.588 .379 1.621 0.9845 17

18  .738  .194 3.640 .392 1.608 0.9854 18

19  .717  .187 3.689 .404 1.596 0.9862 19

20  .697  .180 3.735 .414 1.586 0.9869 20

21  .679  .173 3.778 .425 1.575 0.9876 21

22  .662  .167 3.819 .434 1.566 0.9882 22

23  .647  .162 3.858 .443 1.557 0.9887 23

24  .632  .157 3.895 .452 1.548 0.9892 24

25  .619  .153 3.931 .459 1.541 0.9896 25

TableXIFactors for Constructing Variables Control Charts

*
where n = number of observations in sample.

Values of k for Two-Sided Intervals

Confidence Level

0.90 0.95 0.99

Probability of Coverage

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Sample Size 0.90 0.95 0.99 Values of k for Two-Sided

0.90 0.95Intervals 0.99 0.90 0.95 0.99

Confidence Level

0.90 0.95 0.99

Probability of Coverage

Sample Size 0.90 0.95 0.99 0.90 0.95 0.99 0.90 0.95 0.99

  2 15.978 18.800 24.167 32.019 37.674 48.430 160.193 188.491 242.300

  3  5.847  6.919  8.974  8.380  9.916 12.861  18.930  22.401  29.055

  4  4.166  4.943  6.440  5.369  6.370  8.299   9.398  11.150  14.527

  5  3.949  4.152  5.423  4.275  5.079  6.634   6.612   7.855  10.260

  6  3.131  3.723  4.870  3.712  4.414  5.775   5.337   6.345   8.301

  7  2.902  3.452  4.521  3.369  4.007  5.248   4.613   5.488   7.187

  8  2.743  3.264  4.278  3.136  3.732  4.891   4.147   4.936   6.468

  9  2.626  3.125  4.098  2.967  3.532  4.631   3.822   4.550   5.966

 10  2.535  3.018  3.959  2.839  3.379  4.433   3.582   4.265   5.594

 11  2.463  2.933  3.849  2.737  3.259  4.277   3.397   4.045   5.308

 12  2.404  2.863  3.758  2.655  3.162  4.150   3.250   3.870   5.079

 13  2.355  2.805  3.682  2.587  3.081  4.044   3.130   3.727   4.893

 14  2.314  2.756  3.618  2.529  3.012  3.955   3.029   3.608   4.737

 15  2.278  2.713  3.562  2.480  2.954  3.878   2.945   3.507   4.605

 16  2.246  2.676  3.514  2.437  2.903  3.812   2.872   3.421   4.492

 17  2.219  2.643  3.471  2.400  2.858  3.754   2.808   3.345   4.393

 18  2.194  2.614  3.433  2.366  2.819  3.702   2.753   3.279   4.307

 19  2.172  2.588  3.399  2.337  2.784  3.656   2.703   3.221   4.230

 20  2.152  2.564  3.368  2.310  2.752  3.615   2.659   3.168   4.161

 21  2.135  2.543  3.340  2.286  2.723  3.577   2.620   3.121   4.100

 22  2.118  2.524  3.315  2.264  2.697  3.543   2.584   3.078   4.044

 23  2.103  2.506  3.292  2.244  2.673  3.512   2.551   3.040   3.993

 24  2.089  2.489  3.270  2.225  2.651  3.483   2.522   3.004   3.947

 25  2.077  2.474  3.251  2.208  2.631  3.457   2.494   2.972   3.904

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Values of k for Two-Sided Intervals

Confidence Level

0.90 0.95 0.99

Probability of Coverage

Sample Size 0.90 0.95 0.99 0.90 0.95 0.99 0.90 0.95 0.99

 30  2.025  2.413  3.170  2.140  2.529  3.350   2.385   2.841   3.733

 40  1.959  2.334  3.066  2.052  2.445  3.213   2.247   2.677   3.518

 50  1.916  2.284  3.001  1.996  2.379  3.126   2.162   2.576   3.385

 60  1.887  2.248  2.955  1.958  2.333  3.066   2.103   2.506   3.293

 70  1.865  2.222  2.920  1.929  2.299  3.021   2.060   2.454   3.225

 80  1.848  2.202  2.894  1.907  2.272  2.986   2.026   2.414   3.173

 90  1.834  2.185  2.872  1.889  2.251  2.958   1.999   2.382   3.130

100  1.822  2.172  2.854  1.874  2.233  2.934   1.977   2.355   3.096

  2 10.253 13.090 18.500 20.581 26.260 37.094 103.029 131.426 185.617

  3  4.258  5.311  7.340  6.155  7.656  10.553  13.995  17.370  23.896

  4  3.188  3.957  5.438  4.162  5.144   7.042   7.380   9.083  12.387

  5  2.742  3.400  4.666  3.407  4.203   5.741   5.362   6.578   8.939

  6  2.494  3.092  4.243  3.006  3.708   5.062   4.411   5.406   7.335

  7  2.333  2.894  3.972  2.755  3.399   4.642   3.859   4.728   6.412

  8  2.219  2.754  3.783  2.582  3.187   4.354   3.497   4.285   5.812

  9  2.133  2.650  3.641  2.454  3.031   4.143   3.240   3.972   5.389

 10  2.066  2.568  3.532  2.355  2.911   3.981   3.048   3.738   5.074

 11  2.011  2.503  3.443  2.275  2.815   3.852   2.898   3.556   4.829

 12  1.966  2.448  3.371  2.210  2.736   3.747   2.777   3.410   4.633

 13  1.928  2.402  3.309  2.155  2.671   3.659   2.677   3.290   4.472

 14  1.895  2.363  3.257  2.109  2.614   3.585   2.593   3.189   4.337

 15  1.867  2.329  3.212  2.068  2.566   3.520   2.521   3.102   4.222

 16  1.842  2.299  3.172  2.033  2.524   3.464   2.459   3.028   4.123

 17  1.819  2.272  3.137  2.002  2.486   3.414   2.405   2.963   4.037

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4/27/2019 Appendix A: Statistical Tables and Charts

Values of k for Two-Sided Intervals

Confidence Level

0.90 0.95 0.99

Probability of Coverage

Sample Size 0.90 0.95 0.99 0.90 0.95 0.99 0.90 0.95 0.99

 18  1.800  2.249  3.105  1.974  2.453   3.370   2.357   2.905   3.960

 19  1.782  2.227  3.077  1.949  2.423   3.331   2.314   2.854   3.892

 20  1.765  2.028  3.052  1.926  2.396   3.295   2.276   2.808   3.832

 21  1.750  2.190  3.028  1.905  2.371   3.263   2.241   2.766   3.777

 22  1.737  2.174  3.007  1.886  2.349   3.233   2.209   2.729   3.727

 23  1.724  2.159  2.987  1.869  2.328   3.206   2.180   2.694   3.681

 24  1.712  2.145  2.969  1.853  2.309   3.181   2.154   2.662   3.640

 25  1.702  2.132  2.952  1.838  2.292   3.158   2.129   2.633   3.601

 30  1.657  2.080  2.884  1.777  2.220   3.064   2.030   2.515   3.447

 40  1.598  2.010  2.793  1.697  2.125   2.941   1.902   2.364   3.249

 50  1.559  1.965  2.735  1.646  2.065   2.862   1.821   2.269   3.125

 60  1.532  1.933  2.694  1.609  2.022   2.807   1.764   2.202   3.038

 70  1.511  1.909  2.662  1.581  1.990   2.765   1.722   2.153   2.974

 80  1.495  1.890  2.638  1.559  1.964   2.733   1.688   2.114   2.924

 90  1.481  1.874  2.618  1.542  1.944   2.706   1.661   2.082   2.883

100  1.470  1.861  2.601  1.527  1.927   2.684   1.639   2.056   2.850

TableXIIFactors for Tolerance Intervals

Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2011, 2008, 2005, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

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