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CE 331 HW Solution (20072)

This document contains solutions to homework problems from a civil engineering hydrology course taught by Dr. Rashid Allayla at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals. It includes 5 problems solving calculations related to daily evaporation rates, river storage changes, rainfall intensities, infiltration rates, and runoff volumes. Equations from Horton's infiltration model and the Meyer evaporation equation are applied. Plots, tables, and diagrams are referenced.

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231 views8 pages

CE 331 HW Solution (20072)

This document contains solutions to homework problems from a civil engineering hydrology course taught by Dr. Rashid Allayla at King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals. It includes 5 problems solving calculations related to daily evaporation rates, river storage changes, rainfall intensities, infiltration rates, and runoff volumes. Equations from Horton's infiltration model and the Meyer evaporation equation are applied. Plots, tables, and diagrams are referenced.

Uploaded by

aidah maqbulah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Civil Engineering Dept.


CE 331 Cover Sheet
Spring 07

Instructor: Rashid .I. Allayla

CE 331 HW Solution
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
Civil Engineering Dept.
CE 331 Engineering Hydrology
Dr. Rashid Allayla
HW No. 1

Problem 1.

The annual evaporation from a lake is found to be 125 cm. If the lake’s
surface area is 12 km 2, what is the daily evaporation rate in cm/d?

Solution:
Daily evaporation = 125/365=0.34 cm

Problem 2.

The storage in a reach of river is 20,000 m 3 at a given time. Determine the


storage 1 hr later if the average rates of inflow and outflow during the hour
are 20 and 18 m 3/s, respectively.

Solution:
Total inflow after one hour = (20 m 3/s)(3600 s/hr) = 72000 m 2
Total outflow after one hour = (18 m 3/s)(3600 s/hr) = 64800 m 2
Gain = 7200-64800 = 57600 m 3
Storage = 20000+57600= 77600 m 3

Problem 3.

The chart shown below represents a record of rainfall vs. time. Find the
average rainfall intensity between 6 am and noon. Also find the total rainfall
on the day.
0.4
inch

0.3’’

0.2’’

0.1’’

12 midnight 6 am noon 6 pm 12 midnight

Average Intensity between 6 & noon = 1.5 inch


Tota rain = area under the curve = ½ (0.2 x 12) + ½ [(0.2+0.15)x6+ ½
[(0.15+0.25)x6] = 1.2 + 1.05 + 1.2 = 3.45 inches

Problem 5:

Rain gage X was out of operation for a month during a storm. The
rainfall amount for the adjacent three stations A, B and C were 10.2,
11, and 15 mm. The annual precipitation for all gages are: A = 200
mm, B = 1150 mm, C = 140 mm, and X = 120 mm, Estimate the
amount of rainfall at the missing month at station X.

P x = 1/3 [(N x / N A) P A + (N x / N B) P B + (N x / N C) P C]
P x=1/3[(120/200)(10.2)+(120/1150)(11)+(120/140)(15)] =
2.04+0.38+4.29=6.71 mm
HW No. 2

Problem 1:

Compute the daily evaporation from Class A pan if the amount of water
required to bring the level to the fixed point are as follows:

Day 1 2 3 4
5
Rainfall (in) 0 0.65 012 0
0.01
Water added 0.29 0.55 0.07 0.28 0.10
Evaporation ??

Solution:
Day 1 2 3 4 5
Rainfall (in) 0 0.65 012 0 0.0
Water added 0.29 0.55 0.07 0.28 0.10
Evaporation 0.29 1.2 0.19 0.28 0.11

Problem No. 2:

Given initial infiltration capacity f 0 of 3.0 in/hr and a time constant k of


0.30 hr -1 derive infiltration capacity curve vs. time if the final infiltration
capacity is 0.5 in/hr. What is the amount of water infiltrated (in inches) after
9 hours?

Solution:

f = 0.5 + 2.5 e -0.3k


F = tf ∞ + (f 0 - f ∞)/k [1-e -10K] = 9 (0.5) + (2.5 / 0.3) e -0.3x9

Problem No. 3:

The infiltration rate for excess rain on an area was 4.5 in/hr at the
beginning of rain, and it decreased exponentially to equilibrium of 0.5 in/hr.
A total of 30 in. of water infiltrated during the 10 hr-hr interval. Determine
the value of k in Horton’s equation
HW No. 3

Problem 1:

Use Meyer equation to find the daily evaporation from a lake during which
the following data were obtained : air temperature = 90 o F, water
temperature = 60 o F, wind speed = 20 mph and relative humidity = 20%.
Solution:

-Using Meyer formula: From table (A.2) for vapor pressure, e s


o
(@60 F) = 0.52 in. Hg
e s (@90 oF) = 1.42 in.
Hg
e = 1.42 x 0.20 =
0.284 in Hg
For C = 0.36 then E = 0.36 ( 0.52 – 0.284) [1+20/10]
= 0.08496 x 3 = 0.255 in

Problem 2:

Use coaxial chart to find lake evaporation in cm/day for the following
conditions: The water temperature of Pan “A” is 60 oF, wind movement is 100
mi/day, elevation above sea level is 1000 ft, the difference of temperature
between class “A” pan surface and air is +5 degrees Fahrenheit and the pan
evaporation is 0.3 in/day.
Solution:

From the chart @ pan temp. of 60oF and wind speed of 100 mi/day
αP = 0.6

From the coaxial chart:


Problem 3:

The infiltration rate for small area was observed to be 4.5 in/hr at the
beginning of the rain, and it decreased exponentially to an equilibrium of 0.5
in/hr after 10 hrs. a total of 30 inches of water infiltrated during the 10 hr
interval. Determine the value of k in Horton equation.

Solution:
f = f∞ + (f0 - f∞) e-Kt
f∞ = 0.5 in/ hr and ∫0 to 10 f (t) dt = 30 in
f = 4.5 in / hr then ∫0 to 10 [ f∞ + (f0 - f∞) e-Kt ] dt = 30
then: 10 f∞ + (f0 - f∞)/k [1-e-10K] = 30
Then: (10)(0.5) + (4.5-0.5) / k (1-e-10K) = 30
then K = 0.1027 hr-1
______________________________________________________________
__________

Problem 4:

Tabulated below are total rainfall intensities during each hour of a storm
over a drainage basin.
a) Plot rainfall hyetograph (intensity vs. Time)
b) Determine total storm precipitation in inches.
c) If the net storm rain is 2.00 in, determine the Φ-Index in in/hr for the
drainage basin.
d) Determine the area of the basin in acres if the net rain is 2 inches and
the measured volume of runoff is 2015 cfs-hr
e) Determine the volume of direct runoff in ft 3 that would result from the
following storm:

Hour: 1 2 3 4
Intensityin/hr): 0.4 0.05 0.30 0.2

Hour rainfall Intensity


1 0.41
2 0.49
3 0.22
4 0.31
5 0.22
6 0.08
7 0.07
8 0.09
9 0.08
10 0.06
11 0.11
12 0.12
13 0.15
14 0.23
15 0.28
16 0.26
17 0.21
18 0.09
19 0.07
20 0.06
21 0.03
22 0.02
23 0.01
24 0.01
25
Solution:
a) The total rain is the area under the hyetograph = 3.68 in.
b) try 0.08 < Φ > 0.9 then (0.41- Φ) (1) + (0.49 – Φ) + … = 2 in

3.19 – 14 Φ = 2 then Φ = 0.085 in/ hr OK


Volume of direct R.O. = 2015 cfs-hr

d) Area = (2015-hr) /(2 in/hr x 1/12 in/ft) = 12090 ft2

f) Volume of direct R.O. = (0.4-0.085)(1) + (0.3 - 0.085)(1) + (0.2 - 0.085)


(1) = 0.615 in
______________________________________________________________
_____________

Problem 5:

Given a rain pattern and a simplified Horton curve. Correct the Horton curve
and find the mount of runoff.

Solution:

The equation f = 10 – 1.714 t

F = 10 t – 0.857 t2 = 9

Then: 0.857t2 - 10t +9 = 0

Then: t [@ rain = 9] = { -(-10) +/- SQRT [(10)2 – (4)(0.857)(9)] / 2} = 0.99 hr

Result: Shift the curve @ t=0.99 to t=2hr and find the area above the curve.

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