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Numpy

NumPy is an essential library used for scientific computing in Python. It holds data in N-dimensional arrays (ndarrays) which can store data in multiple dimensions. NumPy supports efficient array operations through broadcasting and provides functions to create, read, and manipulate ndarrays from lists, files, and through numeric sequence generators and random number generation. Key NumPy array creation methods include zeros, ones, full, arange, and linspace. NumPy also allows stacking arrays vertically and horizontally with vstack and hstack and splitting arrays.

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35 views4 pages

Numpy

NumPy is an essential library used for scientific computing in Python. It holds data in N-dimensional arrays (ndarrays) which can store data in multiple dimensions. NumPy supports efficient array operations through broadcasting and provides functions to create, read, and manipulate ndarrays from lists, files, and through numeric sequence generators and random number generation. Key NumPy array creation methods include zeros, ones, full, arange, and linspace. NumPy also allows stacking arrays vertically and horizontally with vstack and hstack and splitting arrays.

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shashankshawak7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Numpy

April 4, 2019

0.1 Knowledge Discovery Process


Problem Definition

Data Collection

Data Preprocessing

Data Transformation

Data Mining

Data Analysis

Data Visualization

1 NumPy
An essential library used for scientific computing in Python.
Holds data in N-dimensional array (ndarray) objects, which can store data in multiple dimen-
sions.
Supports performing efficient array operations through Broadcasting feature.

In [ ]: import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

In [ ]: array=np.array([[1,2],[2,3]])

In [ ]: type(array)

In [ ]: y=array

In [ ]: print(y.ndim, y.shape, y.size, y.dtype, y.itemsize, y.nbytes)

In [ ]: array=np.array([[1,2,3],[3,4,5]],dtype='float64')

In [ ]: array

In [ ]: array.dtype

1
In [ ]: array.flags

Now let us focus on creating ndarray,

From Python built-in datatypes : lists or tuples

Using Numpy array creation methods like ones, ones_like, zeros, zeros_like

Using Numpy numeric sequence generators.

Using Numpy random module.

By reading data from a file.

1.0.1 1. ndarrays from Lists


In [ ]:

Example 1: Using zeros method

In [ ]: np.zeros(shape=(2,4))

In [ ]: np.ones(shape=(2,4))

In [ ]: np.full(shape=(2,3), fill_value=10.5)

arrange method numpy.arange([start, ]stop, [step, ]dtype=None)

In [ ]: np.arange(1,10,2)

numpy.linspace(start, stop, #num inbetween, endpoint=True, retstep=False, dtype=None)

In [ ]: np.linspace(1,10,30)

Random Numbers Generator

In [ ]: np.random.seed(10)

In [ ]: x = np.random.rand(2) # 2 random numbers between 0 and 1


print(x)

In [ ]: x=np.random.randn(10)

In [ ]: plt.hist(x,bins=4)

In [ ]: np.random.seed(100)
x = 10 + 2*np.random.randn(3) # normal distribution with mean 10 and sd 2

In [ ]: x

2
In [ ]: #reading from a file or a string
from io import StringIO
import numpy as np

x = StringIO('''88.25 93.45 72.60 90.90


72.3 78.85 92.15 65.75
90.5 92.45 89.25 94.50
''')

d = np.loadtxt(x,delimiter=' ')

print(d)

#print(d.ndim, d.shape)

In [ ]: x = np.array([[-1,0,1], [-2, 0, 2]])

y = np.zeros_like(x)
print(y)

In [ ]: z = np.eye(2)
print(z)

In [ ]: a = np.array(np.linspace(0,1,24).reshape(2,3,4))

1.1 vstack and hstack


In [ ]: a=np.arange(1,5,1).reshape(2,2)
a

In [ ]: b=np.linspace(1,20,4).reshape(2,2)
b

In [ ]: np.hstack((a,b))

In [ ]: np.vstack((a,b))

1.2 splitting arrays


In [ ]: b

In [ ]: array1,array2=np.vsplit(b,2)

In [ ]: array1

In [ ]: array2

3
horizontal

In [ ]: array1,array2=np.hsplit(b,2)

In [ ]: array1

In [ ]: array2

In [ ]: x=np.arange(90).reshape(3, 15, 2)

In [ ]: x=np.array([1,2,3,4]).reshape(1,4)

In [ ]: x

In [ ]: array=np.array(np.linspace(1,10,8).reshape(2,4))

In [ ]: array

In [ ]: array[1:2,1:3]

In [ ]: x = np.array([[-1, 1], [-2, 2]])

for row in x:

print('Row :',row)

In [ ]: x = np.array([[0,1], [2, 3]])

for a in np.nditer(x):

print(a)

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