A REVIEW ON ENERGY AUDIT, MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION 1

Abstract 1. Introduction

India is the third largest producer of Electrical At the present time, most of our activities are
energy in the world with nearly installed capacity mainly reliant on the use of electricity. It plays an
of 350 GW. In spite of such achievements the important part, assists as an essential aspect for the
demand and supply deficit of electrical energy is commercial, industrial and development of any
increasing each and every year. country in all respects. It is desirable for
developing countries to have a boosting and
Energy is very crucial constraint in all economic profitable economic growth, and energy is
sectors for any country. Any country’s economic essential for economic growth. However, the
development is closely linked with energy association between economic growth and
consumption. Thus it is very necessary to optimize increased energy demand is not always a linear
use of natural resources to avoid energy crisis. As one. For example, according to various reports,
demand for Energy has increased, its consumption under present conditions if there will be 6%
is increased so proper and sustainable energy increase in India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP),
conservation methodology is to be adopted. it would impose 9 % of increased demand on its
energy sector. In this context, the ratio of energy
Energy Audit is the key to a logical and coherent
demand to GDP is an important convenient factor.
approach for decision-making in management of
A high ratio depicts dependence of energy and a
energy. It aims to stable and balance energy inputs
substantial impact of energy on GDP growth. This
with its use, and helps to find all the energy streams
ratios for developing countries like India are much
in a facility. It helps to quantify energy usage
higher. In India, per capita energy consumption is
according to its discrete functions. Energy audit is
too low as compared to developed countries. It is
an important and feasible tool in defining and
about 4% of United States and 20% of the world
pursuing inclusive and complete energy
average. The per capita consumption is likely to
management programme.
grow in India in coming years with growth in
Energy audit reports are intended to encourage economy thereby increasing the total energy
implementation of proper, sustainable and demand.
efficient application of energy. The main motive of
Energy conservation and Energy efficiency are
an energy report is to achieve increased energy
distinct, but though a related concepts.
efficiency and energy cost measures and savings
Conservation of Energy is attained when growth of
for the customer.
energy consumption is lessened, measured in
This paper mainly construe and infer about Energy physical terms. Thus, Energy conservation is the
Audit, Management and their correlated terms. It outcome and consequence of several processes or
discusses and explores the common features of developments, such as productivity increase or
electrical energy management and various phases technological advancement. Energy efficiency is
and stages of Energy Audit to lessen energy also achieved when energy intensity in an area of
requirements and hence, the total cost spent production or consumption is reduced without
towards the consumption. influencing or affecting the output and comfort
levels. So Encouragement of energy efficiency will
Keywords– Energy Audit, Energy Management, Data contribute towards energy conservation and in any
collection, Data Analysis, Energy Conservation. means is constitutive, structural and intrinsic part
of energy conservation promotional policies.
 A REVIEW ON ENERGY AUDIT, MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION 2

Some appropriate steps and measures are required The motives of energy audit are probing and
to conserve the energy using coherent and investigating problem and weaknesses in energy
systematic approach. However a most usage, identifying the energy-saving potential,
comprehensive tool in inspecting and examining giving recommendatory rectification means,
energy usage, consumption and wastage is the devising energy saving goals and plan through
"Energy Audit". evaluation, comprehensive energy utilization. The
ultimate and sole aim of energy audit is to
As per the Energy Conservation Act, 2001, Energy encourage enterprises to save and conserve
Audit is defined as "the verification, monitoring energy, reduce the costs of production without
and analysis of use of energy including submission affecting output and increasing economic benefit.
of technical report containing recommendations Energy Audit furnish a "bench-mark" for energy
for improving energy efficiency with cost benefit management in the organization or enterprises
analysis and an action plan to reduce energy and also provides the foundation for planning a
consumption". more cost effective use of energy in the
Energy audits doesn’t furnish or deliver the final organization.
answer to the problem but it surely identifies the
potential and scope for improvement, therefore
identifies the places where energy management 3. ENERGY CONSERVATION ACT 2001
efforts must be directed. It is first and foremost
step towards understanding the pattern of energy Energy Conservation Act 2001 has been passed by
usage in any facility. Energy Audit is considered as the Parliament of India in October 2001 under
one of the extensive methods in inspecting the ACT NO. 52 OF 2001.
energy consumption and wastage in facilities. The
procedure of energy audit includes data collection, • This Act provides a legal structure for an
data analysis and formulation of energy audit efficient use of energy and its conservation.
programme to the actual implementation. Energy • The Act encompasses whole of India except
audit is widely used to a large degree. There is now the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
a worldwide recognition of the fact that new • As per provisions of the Act, (BEE) The
technologies provide the most hopeful prospects in Bureau of Energy Efficiency came into effect
energy conservation for the future. from March 2002 onwards.
• Act proscribe manufacture, sale, purchase
and import of notified equipment and
2. Aim Of Energy Audit appliances not conforming to energy
consumption standards.
Energy audit refers to the inspection, surveying,
examination, scrutinizing, investigating and It provides power to Central Government to:
analyzing on the high energy-using unit
enterprises according to pertinent state guidelines • Direct designated consumer to get energy
and standards of energy-saving. It is conducted by audit conducted and supervised by a certified
utilization units or its proficient and experienced energy auditor.
authority officials or consigned specialist agencies. • Direct designated consumer to appoint a
Energy audit is a form of scientific method of Manager to be in charge of activities for
management of energy. Its main and important energy conservation.
content is impartially inspecting on the energy
• Stipulate minimal qualifications for the
efficiency, its consumption level and the financial
nomination and appointment of the energy
benefit of the energy unit and recommending the
managers
cost effective energy-saving measures for energy-
using units by means of statistical analysis,
inspective testing, and comprehensive evaluation.
 A REVIEW ON ENERGY AUDIT, MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION 3

4. Energy Audit Methodology

In any commercial or industrial enterprise, the

three top prioritized operating expenditures are
often found to be energy, labor and materials.
Energy without exception will emerge as a top
ranker, if considering the manageability and
flexibility of the cost or potential cost savings in
each of the above, and thus the energy
management constitutes a strategic and crucial
area for reduction of cost.

Energy audit will help to understand more about

the consumption of energy and fuel used in
commercial enterprises, and help in recognizing
the areas where there is possible scope for
improvement. In general, it is the translation of Fig 4.1 (b): The details involved in each process
conservation ideas into realities, by formulating
technically feasible, reliable and practical solutions
with economic, financial and other organizational Data Analysis
factors within a limited time-frame. Data analysis is next important step after
collection of data and load details, the areas
Energy auditing can be possible by assembling
where unnecessary power wastage occurs are
energy consuming data and analyze, scrutinize that
identified.
data to find out unnecessary utilization of energy. It
can be broadly categorized in three processes
Data Collection Recommendation for Energy Conservation
1. It is first and important step in energy audit, In this process, recommendation and action is
data collection includes data like electricity taken on different areas where the scope for energy
bills for the year consumption is identified.
2. List of load details of each equipment present
in building or industry like lighting load, fan, Types of energy audit to be performed mainly
computer and air conditioner for each depends on:
department.
3. Voltage, Current and Power are to be • Purpose and type of industry.
measured at each feeder. • Need of final audit.
• Potential of cost reduction desired
The data received during data collection and acquisition
is compared and interpreted.
Thus based upon that energy audit can be classified
into the following two types:

➢ Preliminary audit

➢ Detailed audit

Fig 4.1 (a): The illustration of data collection and

acquisition process
 A REVIEW ON ENERGY AUDIT, MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION 4

Preliminary audit ➢ Step 1

Preliminary energy audit is a fast exercise to do and • Plan and organize.

it uses already available or existing, or easily • Resource planning, Setup an Energy audit
obtained data. team.
• Set a time frame and defining scope of
1. Establish energy consumption in the Energy Audit.
organization,
2. Estimate the scope of improvement for energy
savings, ➢ Step 2
3. Identify the most feasible and reliable areas.
4. Identify immediate and necessary • Conduct and oversee a brief meeting,
improvements. awareness programme with concerned
5. Identify particular areas for more detailed persons
measurement
➢ Step 3
• Primary data assembling.
• Process Flow Diagram.
• Energy Utility Diagram.

➢ Step 4
• Conduct survey and monitoring
• Survey with portable instruments for
collection of data.

➢ Step 5
• Conduct of detailed trials /experiments
Fig 4.2: Preliminary Auditing Process like 24 hours power monitoring (PF, kWh
etc.) and Load variations.

Detailed audit
➢ Step 6
A comprehensive and overall audit delivers a detailed • Energy Usage Analysis.
energy project implementation for a facility, since it
evaluates and assess all the significant energy using ➢ Step 7
systems. • Identification and development of Energy
saving opportunities
This audit provides the most precise estimate of
energy savings and cost. It examines the collective
➢ Step 8
effects of all projects, accounts for the energy use of
• Assess and evaluate technical feasibility,
all significant equipment, and includes detailed cost economic reliability and prioritization of
saving computations and project cost. energy saving opportunities for their
implementation
An overall ten-step methodology for supervising an
Energy Audit at field level is presented below.
➢ Step 9
Energy Manager and Energy Auditor must follow
these steps as per their needs. By using and • Reporting & Presentation to top
management
implementing these steps, the scopes of works and
the attainable resources for conducting the audit
should be determined specifying the scope and ➢ Step 10
potential of energy saving. • Implementation and Follow-up
 A REVIEW ON ENERGY AUDIT, MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION 5

6. REFRENCES

Fig 4.3: Step methodology of auditing process

5. CONCLUSION