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Measure of Central Tendency of Ungrouped Data

The document defines and provides examples for calculating measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) for ungrouped data sets. [1] The mean is calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of values. The median is the middle value when data is ordered from lowest to highest. The mode is the most frequently occurring value. [2] Examples demonstrate calculating the mean payroll for MLB teams and mean age for employees. [3] Calculating the median involves ordering data and finding the middle value. An example finds the median height gain for a health club sample.

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TERESITA C. VALLINAS
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78 views19 pages

Measure of Central Tendency of Ungrouped Data

The document defines and provides examples for calculating measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) for ungrouped data sets. [1] The mean is calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of values. The median is the middle value when data is ordered from lowest to highest. The mode is the most frequently occurring value. [2] Examples demonstrate calculating the mean payroll for MLB teams and mean age for employees. [3] Calculating the median involves ordering data and finding the middle value. An example finds the median height gain for a health club sample.

Uploaded by

TERESITA C. VALLINAS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEASURE of CENTRAL

TENDENCY of UNGROUPED
DATA
Mean
The mean for ungrouped data is obtained by dividing the sum
of all values by the number of values in the data set. Thus,

∑ x
Mean for population data: µ=
N
∑ x
Mean for sample data: x=
n 2
Example 1 :
Given the 2002 total payrolls of five Major League Baseball
(MLB) teams. Find the mean of the 2002 payrolls of these five
MLB teams.

2002 Total Payroll


MLB Team (millions of dollars)
Anaheim Angels 62
Atlanta Braves 93
New York Yankees 126
St. Louis Cardinals 75
Tampa Bay Devil Rays 34
3
Solution:
x =
∑x
n
390
x =
5
x = $78 million
Thus, the mean 2002 payroll of these five MLB teams
was $78 million.

4
Example 2:
The following are the ages of all eight employees
of a small company:
53 32 61 27 39 44 49 57

Find the mean age of these employees.

5
Solution:
µ =
∑x
N
362
µ =
8
µ = 45.25 years

Thus, the mean age of all eight


employees of this company is 45.25
years, or 45 years and 3 months.

6
Median

The median is the value of the middle


term in a data set that has been ranked
in increasing order.

7
Median
The calculation of the median consists of the following two steps:
1. Rank the data set in increasing order

2. Find the middle term in a data set with n values. The value of this term is the median.

8
Value of Median for Ungrouped Data

⎛ n +1⎞
Median = Value of the ⎜ ⎟ th term in a ranked data set
⎝ 2 ⎠

9
Example 1:
The following data give the height gained (in
centimeter) by a sample of five members of a
health club at the end of two months of
membership:
10 5 19 8 3
Find the median.

10
Solution:
First, we rank the given data in increasing
order as follows:
3 5 8 10 19
There are five observations in the data set.
Consequently, n = 5 and
n +1 5 +1
Position of the middle term = = =3
2 2
11
Therefore, the median is the value of the third term in
the ranked data.
3 5 8 10 19

Median

The median height gained for this sample of five


members of this health club is 8 cm.

12
Mode
The mode is the value that occurs with the
highest frequency in a data set.

13
Example:
The following data give the grades of 8
groups in a class.
77 69 74 81 71 68 74 73
Find the mode.

14
Solution:
In this data set, 74 occurs twice and each of the
remaining values occurs only once. Because 74
occurs with the highest frequency, it is the mode.
Therefore,

Mode = 74

15
Mode
■ A data set may have none or many modes,
whereas it will have only one mean and only
one median.
■ The data set with only one mode is called

unimodal.
■ The data set with two modes is called

bimodal.
■ The data set with more than two modes is

called multimodal.
16
Example:
Last year’s incomes of five randomly
selected families were $36,150, $95,750,
$54,985, $77,490, and $23,740. Find the
mode.

Solution:
Because each value in this data set
occurs only once, this data set contains no
mode.
17
Example:
The prices of the same brand of
television set at eight stores are
found to be $495, $486, $503,
$495, $470, $505, $470 and $499.
Find the mode.

18
Solution:
In this data set, each of the two values $495
and $470 occurs twice and each of the
remaining values occurs only once.

Therefore, this data set has two modes:


$495 and $470, bimodal .

19

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