LISTEN INC SCRIPTS

R: Oh yes, the conference centre's not too far at all. ... Let me see ... ah,
yes down here. You can walk there in seven or eight minutes. Just
cross over the roatj and go straight down this street here. That will take
��PART 1 you towards the newer part of the city. Walk on for a couple of blocks
and then when you get here you just have to g o right a very short
Receptionist: Good evening, sir. Do you have a reservation?
distance and then you'll see the conference centre above the other
Guest: Yes, let me just check I've got everything ... Er, sorry, yes ... buildings - it's quite big.
a reservation. It's in the name of Hartley ... Martin Hartley.
Guest: I see. That all looks quite straightforward. Thanks very much.
R: Let me see ... Oh yes, here it is. That's for three nights?
R: My pleasure. Have a nice evening, Sir.
Guest: Yes, that's right. Do you need my passport?
R: I just need to take the number as a form of ID.
Guest: No problem.
R: Now, can I just ask you to fill in this registration form, please?
Guest: Ah, actually no, you see I've broken my wrist. H PART2
R: Yes, I noticed that! Man: Good evening, everyone. I'm delighted to see so many of you.
I was going to start by saying that more and more people are seeing the
Guest: I'm afraid form filling is something I can't manage right now.
value of growing their own fruit and vegetables, but now I don't need to!
Not without a (ot of pain anyway!
First of all let me say that whether you have a garden or not, there are
R: Oh dear, I'm sorry, Sir. But don't worry. I can complete the form for you.
all sorts of benefits to having a plot of land you can call your own and
Guest: That's very kind of you. What do you need to know? it will give you a great sense of satisfaction. OK, let's assume you have
R: Well, let's start with your name, of course. So, that's Mru:tin ... er ... a garden - chances are it's small. Most gardens in cities are hardly big
Guest: Hartley. That's H-A-R-T-L-E-Y.
enough for a few pots of herbs and a couple of rows of beans. Now,
that's where allotments come in. A typical plot is around 250 square
R: Thanks. ... And your address? metres - big enough to feed the family for a year! Big enough, too,
Guest: 45 Carlisle Way. to grow a whole range of vegetables - fruit as well perhaps - not just
R: Could you spell Carlisle for me? Sorry. cabbages and potatoes.
Guest: It's C-A-R-L-1-S-L-E. You don't pronounce the S! Carlisle Way· and Moving on to the social aspects of an allotment, how many people can
that's in Lewes. L-E-W�E-S. say their garden is a meeting place? You might chat with your next
door neighbour every now and again, but allotments are notorious
R: And is there a state? I don't think you have states in the UK.
communal hives. There are usually between ten and thirty plots on any
Guest: No, we have counties. It's East Sussex. Sussex is with double S. allotment site, and they bring together people from all sorts of .so.c.la.l
The postcode is LW4 6AU. backgrounds. Where else do you find a lawyer deep in conversation
Guest: Do you want my phone number? with a lorry driver? There's often a great sense of camaraderie, with
initiatives to involve the wider community, including the less able, the
R: Actually no ... we contact people by email now.
retired and the unemployed.
Guest: Ah yes, and send me lots of advertising too, I suppose. My
In urban areas nowadays, people may have a tiny yard or a balcony,
email is hartleynitram@ya h oo.co.uk.
but it's not a garden. An allotment is a huge recreational asset for
R: Sorry ... a bit slower, please. anyone in that situation. First of all, there's the�- Renting an
Guest: Hartley, my surname ... then Martin backwards- n-i-t-r-a-m. allotment costs a round £30 a month - that's generally a lot cheaper
That's all one word. than joining a gym! Then there's the involvement with nature.
R: And all lower case? Watching seeds grow into mature plants gives so much pleasure
and such a sense of achievement. Spending time outside in the fresh
Guest: That's right. No capitals. At yahoo dot co dot uk. air boosts our mental as well as physical well-being. And, one more
R: Thank you very much, Mr Hartley. And could you give me your thing - don't forget allotments are also an enormous benefit to the
� now, please? Thanks. You can have that back now. And that's environment. They provide invaluable green space in our ever more
for three nights ... so checking out on Sunday morning? clogged up towns and cities, making them more sustainable and
Guest: Uh huh. appealing to live in. These spaces provide a habitat for wild plants,
birds, insects and occasionally bigger animals. What's more�
R: OK, you're in room 16. That's on the first floor overlooking the
grown food doesn't have to be transported long distances, and that
courtyard. Here's your key. Would you like somebody to take your bag?
helps to reduce road traffic and hence polluti on.
Guest: Do you have a map I can take?
Now, food - a subject we all like talking about. Because the main
R: Yes, of course. We've usually got lots of them here - somewhere! appeal of an allotment is obviously taking home all the freshly picked
Ah, yes, here we are. vegetables and fruit! So, why is 'grow your own' so good? Well, to start
Guest: Thanks. Could you show me where we are exactly? with there's the superior flavour. Food you've grown yourself tastes
infinitely better than anything bought in the supermarket because it
R: Er ... let me have a look ... erm ... ah, yes. This is our street here.
will be super-fresh. Another point in its favour is the range. These
Avenida Constitucion. The bigger hotels are marked so let me just see
days, gardeners are growing an amazing variety of vegetables on their
which one is us. Erm ... here ... yes, here ... this is Hotel Columbus i.u.st
allotments. Finally there's the bonus of knowing that the produce you've
before you get to the museum - I say 'just before' because that's the
grown is Q..[Qailk. You know that what you're eating wasn't grown on an
way most people get here. I mean coming from the main square where
industrial scale farm or sprayed with large amounts of pesticides.
all the buses stop, or from the statio n.
Now, I'm going to show you a typical allotment from the site closest
Guest: Yes, that's the way the taxi came in from the airport. I thought
to here on Finley Road. Let me just get this image up ... that's it ... can
we drove past the museum, though - just after we went through that
everyone see? ... So, as you can see here, each plot has a fence around
big squar e you mentioned. it and its own gate. Between the beds are grass walkways. That means
R: Ah, you probably mean here? That's actually an art gallery- it's you can walk in and around comfortably, and not get your boots too
worth having a look round, but the museum's more interesting. I think muddy. There are soil beds on either side. Ihis. plot in fact has two
so anyway. smalle r flower beds opposite a m uch lar ger a rea for vegetables. And
Guest: Thanks for the tip - I hope I get time. Right, well, tomorrow I've there's also a glass house for growing tomatoes or anything that needs
got to be at the conference centre. They told me they'd put me in a more warmth and protection. Here you can see one of those at the
hotel that wasn't too far away ... front near the gate Most allotments have their own shed at the far end,
252 Cambridge English: IELTS Tests Listening scripts
as you can see. Allotments do need a water source though and there influential people regularly come in lo oking for talent. Your work is
are stone sinks outside the sheds. A hosepipe can be attached to the showcased in a way that just won't happen if you're working in isolation.
tap for easy watering. Some of the plots have a pond, though they're Mark: Yes, yes - I do see all that. I'm just not convinced. I sometimes
not always popular as they tend to attract insects. And this plot has a question the value of a creative course full stop. I mean, I often feel almost
compost bin at the end opposite the shed for recycling organic waste ... . guilty when I tell people that I'm studying art. I see this look on their face,
Right, so, how to go about getting ... as though they think I should be doing something more useful. I feel that if
I get a studio and start working, at least I'd be paying my way.
Tutor: I think the key factor here is that being at art school exposes
you to critical appraisal. Perhaps the most essential function of further
education is the constant fe edback and constructive criticism. It's
� PART 3 essential to personal development, no matter what the field is.
Lily: Hi Mark. How's it going? Lily: Yes, we all know artists who paint as a hobby - people who have
been doing it for years. They think they're experts and wonder why other
Mark: Oh, hi Lily. I'm OK. Have you decided what course you're going
people haven't recognised their talents. If only they'd become part of a
to apply for, then?
creative community, they'd understand why that hasn't happened!
Lily: Yes, illustration. I've already applied to one college, actually.
Tutor: Yes, I think Lily's right. It's important to keep developing and
Mark: I didn't even know there were places that did just illustration. responding to feedback. Anyway, don't go making any rash decisions.
Lily: There aren't many. Most combine it with other areas like painting Come and ...
and graphic art. Unfortunately, there are no courses in London so I've
opted for Birmingham.
Mark: Mm, Birmingham - I'm not sure I'd want to study there.
Lily: Well, from what I've heard, you're thinking of not studying
anywhere, Mark! � PART 4
Mark: Look, I haven't made any decisions yet, but I'm wondering what Lecturer: Good morning everyone. I do hope you didn't get too wet
the point of carrying on at art school really is. I mean why not just get a getting here this morning. The subject for my talk - I think we could all
studio and paint? do with some to take our minds off this atrocious weather - is laughter.
Lily: Aren't you enjoying art school now, then? The laughter I want to look at is specifically related to psychological
Mark: Yes, I am, but this is a foundation course, isn't it? I wanted to try therapy and the treatment of physiological disorders - something we've
out all the different areas - you know sculpture, computer graphics - a been looking at over the last week or so. Now, when we start talking
bit of everything. Now I know that I really just want to paint, though, I about psychological therapy, laughter isn't something that immediately
may as well get a studio and do it. springs to mind. Therapy is a� business, and it's generally
approached with an appropriate degree of seriousness. After all, people
Lily: There's nothing more for you to learn, then?
seek treatment and enter therapy for serious reasons. They're often at
Mark: I didn't say that. critical junctures in their lives and they need professional help.
Lily: This isn't all about a fear of being rejected is it? I mean, I know you The question is, how is it that laughter can be such a vital part of the
hate applications and interviews and so on. You're not looking for a therapy process? It' s no rmally identified with hum our, and thus generally
way out of all that, are you? deemed appropriate only in lighter, more frivolous circumstances,
Mark: No, of course not. I'm no more scared of� than anyone when it's acceptable to find a situation funny. Perhaps this is why
else. I mean, people not buying your work - that's real rejection, isn't it? so many people in the medical world feel that lau ghter's frequently
Tutor: Hi, do you mind if I join you? misunderstood an d undervalued as a cathartic healing process.
Now, humour certainly is one trigger for laughter but it isn't the only
Lily: We were talking about next year and applying for courses.
trigger. If we take as a starting point the fact that laughter is a physical
Tutor: I couldn't help overhearing. What's this all about then, Mark? Is it process that r eleases emotional pain, it follows that stress, anxiety and
true that you're thinking of not continuing at college? tension may prompt the same response. Psychologists frequently point
Mark: I'm looking at other options - yes. I've been reading about out that humans don't laugh because they're happy. They're happy
artists who claim there's no real advantage in learning formally. because they laugh. Once we accept that laughter and pain are related,
There's this Scottish guy who just went to Paris and got a studio. we are less likely to be shocked when people laugh in all sorts of
He's doing really well now ... In fact, one of the fine art students painful, even tragic, situations.
here dropped out of her course at the end of the first year and just Cathartic psychotherapy utilises laughter as an essential medium for
went to Prague. She loves it there! healing emotional pain. It's specific to the release of anger fear and
Tutor: Mm, you might just be looking through rose-tinted spectacles there bor edom. When people laugh, they free themselves of painful feelings.
Mark. There are plenty of people who regret taking that route, you know. The amount of pain the body releases during a single burst of laughter
For every artist making a living, there are twenty living on the breadline ... is immeasurable, but we know that the body will keep discharging pain
Mark: OK, I take your point but I'm thinking about the cost o f three cathartically until there's no longer a need.
years at art school as well! Apart from the actual fees, there are all the The only obstacle to the process is the self-con straint we learn to
living expenses. Students are running up at least a £30,000 debt by the impose on ourselves during our early years. We're taught the virtues
end of their course! of self-control from infancy, and any loss of that control during an
Lily: So, this studio you're planning to get - I take it that'll be free, emotional outpouring is discomforting. We fail to realise that when
then? If you're contemplating working in Paris or Prague, won't that we lose control, we actually gain in many other ways. Our cultural
cost practically the same over three years? preference for processing feelings cognitively, instead of feeling them
physically, maintains and prolongs emotional distress. Patients who
Mark: Maybe, but I'd be selling my paintings, wouldn't I?
have had upbringings during which feelings were suppressed may
Tutor: In fairness, Mark, very few artists start selling work just like that. have quashed their ability to laugh, cry and become angry. Clinicians
Mark: Yes, but will studying for another three years mean that I will can help individuals regain these cathartic processes, enabling them to
definitely be able to sell my work? release deep-rooted emotions that may be an obstacle to happiness.
Tutor: It won't guarantee it, but it'll make it more likely - in my opinion Only now has research begun to validate the notion that emotions are
anyway. stored in the body rather than the mind. Recently developed cathartic
techniques allow practitioners to teach patients how to access their hidden
Lily: Remember that there are plenty of artists who make their name
emotions and release them. The more catharsis the patient experiences,
while they're studying. Art schools put on end of year exhibitions and
the more rapidly he or she progresses through the healing process.

Listening scripts 253

Laughter is probably the least threatening cathartic process, at least to Zara: Bio-medical students only? Great! Just when we thought we'd
the person expressing the laughter, and so it has an essential role. It's found the perfect place to study ...
often a stepping stone to other forms of emotional release, like crying nm: Wait a minute. This one sounds good ... The RMIT library ...
or showing rage.
Zara: The RMIT library? I've never heard of it. Where is it?
So, why, you might ask, has the mental health community been so
slow to accept laughter as a healing tool? Well, for reasons I've already nm: It's on Swan Street - near the central bus station.
outlined. Like any expression of the true self, laughter is radical and Zara: Swan Street? Ah, yes. I know where that is - it's a really long
revolutionary, and laughing at what is seemingly misfortune upsets street though. Do you have a number?
conformity. We, in the medical professions, must challenge the nm: Yes, number three hundred and sixty Swan Street. The full
antiquated view that adult laughter is silly and inappropriate. We have address is Level 5, Building 8, 360 Swan Street.
to ensure that patients don't reject the healing power of their laughter,
Zara: OK - I think we'd need to get the bus there but that's not a
in the fear that others will see them as making light of their issues.
problem. So, when's it open?
Traditionally mental health practitioners have viewed laughter as a
way of hiding painful emotion. ln contrast, cathartic psychotherapy Tim: It's open from 10 till midnight on weekdays ...
understands that laughter releases emotion. Through laughter, feelings Zara: And what about weekends?
erupt from within into the outside world. If people suppress laughter,
Tim: Er ... 10 in the morning - but it closes at 6 o'clock on Saturdays
they also stifle the release of pain. and Sundays. But, listen it says here it has excellent computer and
The catharsis of laughter doesn't change people's circumstances, but it internet facilities. I like the sound of that!
does change the way people relate to those circumstances. It enables
Zara: Me too! In fact, I like the sound of it SO much I think I'll take
them to take a different view a view from which terrible misfortune can advantage of their excellent computer facilities right here and now.
seem so much more bearable. This allows people to remember, to feel,
and to explore without fearing that they'll be trapped by what they can't Tim: And how exactly are you going to do that? Your laptop isn't
control. Life's most tragic events often have an essence of absurdity, working!
and this can be the trigger point for laughter. Some people deal with Zara: I know, I know. So can I borrow yours?
emotional pain instinctively, and come along to therapy already laughing Tim: OK, here's the RMIT library website ... So we want the bookings
and crying. There are many others, however, that need assistance. page ... OK, first of all, you need to log onto .b.Q.o.klt.
Zara: Bookit?
Tim: Yeah, that's it. Bookit.
Zara: OK, now, it's asking me for my student ID and my password.
�� PART 1 Tim: OK, so just type in your student number.

Zara: Hi, there, Tim! You look tired! Zara: I think I can just about remember it.

nm: Hi Zara! I AM tired - well, it IS Swot vac after all! Tim: And now your password ...

Zara: Swot vac? Ah, yes of course - exam period! Don't remind me! Zara: OK
I'm pretty exhausted myself! I'm finding it very difficult to study - it's Tim: So next you need to choose the resource type you want to book.
so noisy where I live! I can't concentrate with all that traffic outside! I Zara: That's easy. A PC.
definitely need to find a quieter place to study.
Tim: So now what you need to do is click on �-
nm: Me too! Actually, I've just downloaded some information about the
Zara: Location? OK. Now, it's giving me a floor plan. It looks like I've
best libraries in the city. Take a look at this - it's the Bailey Library ... .
got a choice of 18 computers.
Zara: The Bailey library ... Isn't that the really old library on Parkville
Tim: Great! So click ori' one of the PCs.
Campus?
nm: Yeah, that's the one. It's the oldest in the city. And it says here that Zara: I'm choosing this one - it's right next to the window.
PC Number 4 to be exact! So, what do I do now?
it's really popular with students.
Tim: So now you have to choose the dm of booking. So, when do you
Zara: Popular with students? That means it's noisy and crowded!
want to book it for?
nm: OK, OK, I see what you mean. But we could try to get there early
Zara: Let's go for tomorrow. That's Friday June 6th.
to make sure we get good seats and a large desk to work at. It's open
from half-past eight in the morning until 10 o'clock in the evening Tim: And just click.
Mondays to Fridays. Zara: I just have. So, why isn't it working?
Zara: 10? That's very early - I study much better after midnight. Just Tim: You've got to go into� options.
look at the size of my folder here! I've got SO much to get through.
Zara: It's working now. Friday June 6th.
Basically I need to be in the library 24n to get all my revision done!
Now, if the Bailey is THAT popular, it must be open at weekends! Tim: OK, so now you need to choose a time.

nm: Yes of course it is! It opens at 11 o'clock in fact and it closes at 5pm. Zara: Let's go for late afternoon - 5pm.

Zara: Great! Not exactly what I call ideal for late night study. Count me Tim: Right, let's do it.
out! Zara: Great - it says booking completed and there's my name on the
nm: OK, OK. Here's another one - the Brown Library... . booking schedule. Result!
Zara: Ah, yeah ... I think I've gone past it a couple of times. It's close to
Stratton Street, right?
nm: Yes, Stratton Street and Royal Parade
Zara: Royal Parade? Well, that's convenient for me - my apartment's
��PART 2
just a few minutes' walk away from there! When's it open?
nm: Well, it says here it opens at 7 in the morning and you'll be Guide: Welcome to all of you ... can everyone see me and hear me?
pleased to hear that it closes well after midnight - 2am in fact! And we Good, my name's Cathy, and I'm here to tell you about the special
can go there any day of the week. programme of events going on here at the Royal Observatory. Yes, it's
Doors Open Day here in Edinburgh and we're delighted that you have
Zara: That sounds ideal! chosen to make this very special building part of your own open doors
nm: Oh, wait a minute. WE can't use it - it's only open to bio-medical day experience.
students.

254 Cambridge Engllsh: IELTS Tests

 Now, I'll make a start with giving you some background information Sam: So, who is to blame for depositing all this rubbish? Where does it
about the Doors Open event. Doors Open takes place every year in come from?
September and the Observatory is one of the many buildings - ill of Ruth: Well, I knew you were going to ask me that Sam, so hang on -
them in fact - that open their doors to visitors for one weekend you can take some of my notes if you like.
and yes, there's absolutely no charge, it's all completely free. The
observatory has been involved in this event for more than 20 years - Sam: Thanks a lot, that's really helpful.
and every year we attract more and more visitors - like you - who want Ruth: Here, look. Over a third - 37% to be exact - comes from Russia.
to find out more about great buildings in the city! And hopefully, you'll But other countries are close behind. Another third - well just under,
leave with a better understanding of the universe too! actually, 29% is from America and then 28% is from China.
OK, now let's run through today's programme of events. There are many Andy: Yes, but other countries, like India, are adding to the rubbish pile.
activities to choose from so make sure you make the most of your visit. And don't forget the European Space Agency also has space craft in
Now, there will be planetarium shows throughout the day. Now, orbit.
these will run four times both today and tomorrow - Sunday. These are Ruth: That's true. We're talking serious space junk, here!
popular so, please note that we are operating a booking system for Sam: Pretty serious, I'd say! So come on, what do you think are the
these shows. Tickets for the two shows we're running this morning - chances of something solid dropping from space onto our heads?
the first showing at 10.30 and the second at�- will be available on
Andy: Good question. Everyone asked that! Dr Chadwick said at least
a first-come first served basis here - at the information point. Tickets
one piece of junk falls to earth every single day. But look at it this way,
for the two afternoon shows at 2pm and then at 3pm will be released
Earth IS a pretty big place so actually the statistical chances of being hit
later on - at midday. So booking is essential as spaces go very quickly.
are extremely low.
We also have some special tours of the observatory available. These
Sam: So, are you saying I'm more likely to win the lottery?
include a tour of the telescope dome and visitors will even have the
opportunity to get onto the roof! I hope that those of you who are Ruth: Well, just think about it - two thirds of the Earth is ocean ...!
interested are wearing your most comfortable shoes and that you can Andy: That's true! But in time almost all these pieces of rubbish will fall
keep up the pace! It will be worth the effort of climbing all these stairs to Earth because the object's orbit is decreased by its gravitational pull.
- you'll have stunning views over the city when you reach the top! But the good news is that they don't cause any serious damage. You
Now, for those of you who want to take things at a more leisurely pace know they can't actually survive the heat generated on re-entry? They
there will be an opportunity to visit the Crawford Collection and learn simply burn away.
about the instruments that have been built here and there will also be Ruth: But that's not always the case - there are exceptions. Chunks of
some items from the collection on view. For those of you who don't the United States UARS satellite recently fell into the Pacific Ocean ...
already know - the Crawford Collection is an astronomical library.
Sam: The UARS satellite?
And not only that - it ranks as one of the most important astronomical
libraries in the world. You are promised a real treat here! Ruth: It was this six tonne satellite launched by the space shuttle
Discovery way b ack in 1991. So it had been up in space for twenty
And it's great to have so many younger visitors here today. Now, we
years but stopped working in 2005. It weighed 5,700 kilos -
have a craft workshop for children here in the visitor centre where they
can make their very own model of a telescope and colour their very Andy: And that's about the same as a double decker bus apparently!
own planet! Please note that all children must be accompanied by an Ruth: And, I'll just check my notes ... here it is ... yes ... the largest of
adult. So, as you can see it's a pretty full timetable and there's a lot these great big chunks that fell into the sea weighed about .1filLkg -
going on. Now, any questions .... think of the weight of an adult gorilla Sam and you get the picture ... !
Sam: A nice soft landing then ...
Andy: Dr Chadwick said 'imagine a couple of washing machines tied
together and travelling at 100 mph and you'll get an idea'! And do you
remember Skylab? That was another US space station - and it fell to
H PART 3 Earth at least three decades ago, in 1979. It fell into the Indian Ocean
and the deserts of Western Australia.
Sam: Hey did you manage to go to the talk by Dr Chadwick this
morning, Andy? Ruth: According to what I wrote down ... that particular space junk
weighed 100 tonnes! And let's not forget Mir - the Russian space
Andy: I was there - what happened to you, Sam?
station. Mir weighed 135 tonnes - far, far larger than UAR$ and it fell to
Sam: My bike had a puncture! Seriously ... Anyway, Ruth, I bet you Earth in 2Q0.1- it plunged straight into the South Pacifi c'
took some notes - can you fill me in?
Sam: All very interesting! Listen, I've got some junk of my own to sort
Ruth: Sure! It was all about space junk - really interesting, actually. out - my bike ... that's the second puncture this week ... .
I mean, I knew about how much rubbish humans are dumping here on
Ruth: Come on, I'll help you fix it.
planet Earth but I had no idea how much junk there is flying around
in space! Did you know that there are literally millions of pieces of
rubbish orbiting the Earth as we speak?
Sam: Not until now, I didn't!
Andy: They reckon that around 100 tonnes of very small objects - like
mainly dust - drops on earth every single day!
H PART4
Ruth: Yes, that's what she said. Lecturer: Hello everyone. Let's get started on the final lecture in
our module on retail psychology. Today we're going to focus on
Sam: I thought space junk was all man-made? I can't believe they
supermarket layouts and how retailers display their products to
know so accurately how much is actually out there. Do they track and
encourage us as customers to spend as much of our money as
monitor it all the time?
possible. It's an interesting topic. Now, most of us don't actually realise
Andy: Yeah, they do. According to the talk there are nearly 25,000 that the layout is deliberately designed to make us part with our
objects larger than 10 centimetres in diameter now orbiting the earth. money. But, in fact, millions of pounds are spent on research into the
Sam: And what does all this space junk consist of? Isn't it all discarded psychology of shoppers and what motivates us to buy.
parts of rockets that were either broken or left behind after space So, let's have a look at an actual supermarket layout - now here's the
missions, like Apollo and all those spacecraft from years ago? � to the store - just here. This area immediately around the
Ruth: Well, yes, but not only that. All other kinds of debris that we've entrance - is what retailers refer to as the decompression zone or the
dumped in space too. Anything from dead satellites to loose me.tru dead zone. This is where the customers recover from the environment
� There are even tiny particles of J;lll.int and liquid coolant. outside. And by that I mean this is where they '.a.dl.u,.sr. For example

Cambridge English: IELTS Tests Listening scripts

the place where they might put their keys in their pockets or take Jill: I thought you said having a cleaner was a waste of money - that
off their sunglasses - these kinds of things. So, what do you notice you'd never pay somebody to do what you can do perfectly well
about this area? It's very empty isn't it? Yes, it's pretty much clear of yourself?
� altogether. This area is not designed or used to sell us anything. Kate: Well, yes ... maybe I ... but things have changed. Things are really
Basically the supermarkets never put any merchandise here because hectic for Greg at work all of a sudden. He's never home till after eight.
they know that no-one's ready to buy yet. However, the retailers want I end up doing everything. The house looks like such a mess - I never
their customers to feel comfortable. If they're in a relaxed state of get time to tidy up before I go out to work and in the evenings I just
mind, they're much more likely to stay longer and spend money! about manage to cook and wash up.
Now let's look back at the entrance again. Now, it's interesting but we Jill: Well, you shouldn't be the one doing everything if you're working
know that three quarters of us look right not left when we go into a as well. That's not fair, is it?
supermarket - so 1..5% of people! This gives the supermarkets a great
opportunity to hit us with promotions and offers. So near the front door, Kate: I think Greg's just shattered. To be fair, he's pretty domesticated -
you might also flnd what we call the dwell zone. The dwell zone is the we've always pretty much shared the chores. It's just a temporary thing
area on the right hand side by the front door where you are encouraged I think ... I hope ... We're basically both trying to juggle too much. The
to relax and browse - you will usually find newspapers and flowers here last thing we want to do at the weekends is start cleaning, we want to
to help you do exactly that. Moving on from the dwell zone we come to relax a bit.
the power aisle. Basically, it's the main route customers return to after Jill: It's not because all the neighbours have got a cleaner, is it?
venturing into nearby aisles and so this is the area of the supermarket Kate: Mm, you know me too well! I guess there is a bit of that. I feel
where the strongest offers are displayed. So you might see a sign that like the poor relation when I tell them I do all the cleaning myself. They
reads 'B arbecue time!' and you'll see all the items you could possibly can't believe I fit in so much.
need for a barbecue - the charcoal, the sauces, the skewers and the
Jill: Never worry about what other people think!
drinks - everything you need - all in one place. Were you planning a
barbecue before you went shopping? Do you even have a garden. Yes, Kate: No ... anyway ... one way or another, we need a cleaner. Well, as
the power aisle has a very powerful effect on sales even though most of long as it's not too expensive, that is.
us don't even realise we are being sold to here. Jill: I don't think it's expensive - and it's money well spent. We only
Now let's think about fruit and vegetables for a moment. They're stopped having Trisha come in every week because I was off work with
always located towards the front. Now, why do you think this is? the baby so I could do most of it myself.
Yes, fruit and vegetables are always at the front because it gives the Kate: So, how much is it?
supermarket a healthy image.
Jill: Well Trisha was £8 an hour. I can't say that's what everyone
And let's think back to flowers and newspapers - we talked about both charges.
these items earlier - and yes, they're displayed near the front on the Kate: That isn't bad, is it? It's less than I thought. Oh, well, I think we
right. Now, they're known as distress goods. Why's that? Well, these can run to £8. How many hours did she do?
are the goods that we often buy in a hurry or on impulse. In other
words these are the items we didn't actually intend to buy at all - but Jill: Four hours a week.
the supermarkets want us to put them in our trolleys even before we Kate: That sounds about right. Can you give me her number, then?
even start our proper shopping! Jill: Ah, sorry, no ... she's not around anymore. She went back to Wales
Now, what about everyday items like bread or milk or cereals? They're ... I think it was Wales anyway ... a couple of months ago.
always placed right at the� of the supermarket. Yes, in this area Kate: Oh no, that's a shame.
here. Again, this is a deliberate strategy by the supermarkets - basically
they want us to walk through the whole store to get them in the hope
Jill: Wait a minute, though. We've had some leaflets through the door
recently. Let me see if I can find one. I put one here by the phone, I'm
we will buy other things on the way. That's why items like these are
sure.
often called 'destination goods'!
Now where products are placed on the shelves makes a real difference.
Jill: Ah yes, here we are. It's a company - they're called D.u.st.e.r.s.
We read shelves a bit like we read a book - our eyes go from left to Kate: Dusters?
right. And they want you to focus on the more expensive items so they Jill: Yes, as in people who dust. You have to phone Ab.b.y on ...
place them at eye level. It's often quite hard to spot items like cheap
Kate: Is that Abby with E-Y?
tinned food. Why is that? Well, they're normally placed� on the
shelves. Basically, the supermarkets don't want the cheapest products Jill: No, it's A - DOUBLE B - Y.
to be the ones you see first. Kate: OK.
Finally, let's have a look at the checkout area here. Now, we all know Jill: And it's a local number - .6.5.Qfil.8.
that sweets are deliberately placed within the reach of children at the Kate: 650918. OK. Got it!
checkout. But all kinds of things are displayed at checkouts these days.
In fact, supermarkets can change what's on offer, almost by the hour. Jill: They do iro..o.ing and can look after your garden too, apparently.
It's a quick and easy way for them to rotate their stock. So, if the sun Kate: Mm, ironing would be helpful ... I loathe ironing. So, do they say
comes out, the check-out is an ideal place to display sunglasses and if how much it is?
it rains, umbrellas can be placed there instead. Now, does anyone have Jill: Yea, it's £9.,fill an hour - that's for all the different services.
any questions?
Kate: £9.50 ... a bit more expensive, then.

fflfb
Jill: They do a spring clean for ill.
Kate: So, that's one big clean ... do they say how many hours that is?
Jill: No, it just says spring clean. I guess it's five hours - so it's a bit
� PART 1 cheaper than five hours of cleaning would be normally.

Kate: Well, Jill I'm glad you had a nice holiday. We'll have to try it Kate: Yes, probably. That might be a good idea to start off with.
ourselves sometime. Jill: You'll like this too, Kate. They can use organic products if you want
Jill: Yes Kate, you really should! I'll give you a contact number for the the.m...t.Q.
hotel we stayed in. Anyway, I must be ... Kate: Oh, yes, I'd prefer that. I don't like using strong chemicals, they're
Kate: Oh, I know what I meant to ask you ... sorry. It was about a cleaner. so bad for the environment. OK, I'll give them a call. Thanks for that!

Jill: Oh yes?
Kate: Yes. We've been talking about getting somebody to come in and
help out. You had a cleaner not long ago, didn't you?

Listening scripts
��PART 2 � PART 3
Head teacher: Good evening, everyone and thanks for making it along - Tara: What's that you're reading, Matt?
I know how busy you all are with term coming to an end. Matt: Oh, hi Tara. It's an article about taking a gap year before going to
As you know, the aim of this meeting is to show you the plans university.
we've got to add two new classrooms and how that will affect the Tara: Is that what you're thinking of doing, then?
playground. Now, I've heard that quite a few of you are worried that
Matt: Well, I hadn't really considered it as an option, but reading
there'll be hardly any playground left - but I want to reassure you that
that's not the case at all. I think there's been quite a lot of uninformed this has got me thinking. I'm looking forward to starting at uni but I
talk going on and people have started worrying unduly. I certainly hope wouldn't mind a bit of time to myself first.
I can dispel any of your concerns this evening. Sandy: Hi guys, what are you talking about?
Firstly, I have a plan of what the school should look like, which I'll Matt and Tara: Hi, Sandy, how's it going?
project onto the screen. The school governors and the developers want Tara: Matt's reading about gap years. He wants to put off going to uni.
to hear your feedback before making final decisions. Your feedback's
Sandy: I think a gap year's a great idea. I'm definitely thinking about it.
very important. When I've gone through the plan with you, you can ask
questions and we'll discuss those queries in detail. There'll be plenty Matt: Are you? What would you do with the year?
of time to tell us what you think over the coming weeks. And once the Sandy: Well, the programmes I've looked at involve volunteering of
plans are a little more developed, they'll be available online. There'll be some kind. I wouldn't want to just go travelling for a year - I couldn't
a weekly update and once the actual construction begins, you'll be able afford that anyway. The idea would be to work and help people, but
to check progress as it happens. more importantly to grow up and come back knowing more about the
Personally, I'm very happy with where we've got to. I knew we had to world than I do now. Obviously, I'd choose somewhere hot and sunny.
have the extra space but I must admit I worried long and hard about what Tara: So, what exactly is volunteering? I mean ... OK ... I understand it
we might have to sacrifice for it. The developers have certainly convinced means doing something for nothing ... but what does it mean in terms
me that we've made the right decision. of a gap year?
Right, can everyone see the plan now? Good. Let's start at the Balfour Sandy: Yeah, it means working with programmes in countries where
Road entrance, since that's where most of you come and go from. The people need support or some kind of aid.
Farley Road entrance and lower playground won't be affected at all.
Tara: Mm, I bet your mum and dad aren't quite as enthusiastic as you
Now, as you come in to the top playground the two new classrooms are about all this.
will be on the right. There'll be a new gate and the steps down will be
rebuilt. There'll be a ramp for disabled visitors too. Sandy: On the contrary. They're really supportive. They can see all the
pluses. They realise that I don't know exactly where I want to be in ten
On the plan here, only the parts of the building affected by the plans
years' time. They think it'll give me time to figure things out and not
are shown. I'll explain why the hall is marked on later. So, as I said,
make decisions I might regret later.
the new classrooms will be to the right of the entrance, and as you can
see, will take up very little of the playground space. We feel the year six Matt: I think I'd be worried about how the university look at it, though.
children need their own area away from the younger children. So, this Don't you think it suggests you're just putting off studying?
one on the left of the two rooms will be t he new year 6 classroom. As Sandy: Definitely not. Our tutor told us that a lot of universities
you can see there's no dir ect e ntrance from the playground. The plan encourage students to take a gap year. They see a year away growing
is to include a small entrance area here from the playground for coats up and maturing as an asset. Students arri ve in higher education with
and boots and so on. Entrance to the classroom will be from that area. an extra year of life experience - depending on what you do with the
There'll also be an additional entrance to the hall from this cloakroom time, obviously!
- so children will be able to get to the ha ll from two different directions Tara: Yes, I can see that tutors might like having a few well-travelled
- from inside the main building and from the new entrance area. l hope students around - I mean ones that have a more developed
that's clear. Now, as you all know, the hall doubles up as the cafeteria perspective.
at lunchtime. One of the rumours I heard was that we're planning to
dispense with the cafeteria and open up a snack bar. I can categorically Sandy: I think they also appreciate that students who come back
state that replacing healthy school meals with a snack bar is not from a year away doing something worthwhile have a stronger sense
remotely in our thoughts. of direction and a clearer idea of what they hope to achieve. They
probably speak at least a few words of another language, too. The
The other new classroom - that's the one with the playground entrance most important thing for the unis is that students are motivated.
here - is going to be an exciting new venture for us. That's because iN
Tara: So, anyway, what does your article say about the options? Do they
principal use will be for the pre-school and after school clubs. More
and more parents want that facility outside school hours and we need a suggest where students should go on their gap year?
dedicated space to run these activities. Matt: Well, apparently, Australia's the country where the highest
I think there were also worries about the nursery school, though I'm percentage of students take a gap year and it's the most popular
not really sure why, to be honest with you. I can tell you now that the destination for gap year students from other countries as well as Britain.
whole area on the other side of the main school buildi ng will be totally Tara: Mm, I like the sound of a year in Australia ...
unaffected. The nursery will continue operating as it does now. There Matt: They say here that there are three main attractions. The
will be a couple of smaller constructions - modernization work really - abundance of great coast, beautiful beaches, learn to surf, all that
down here o n the other side of the top playg round. Cycling into school stuff. Then there's the amount of time you can spend enjoying outdoor
is getting more and more popular so we're replacing the old bike sheds � like hiking and loads of sports. And thirdly, the cosmopolitan
with a brand new bicycle bay. There'll be space for sixty bikes. lli cities - especially Sydney which apparently is awesome. It's a great
children's toilets will also be modernized and the children will be able country for young people because there's so much to do, loads of
to enter them from insi de the school building rather than from the adventure and sunshine obviously ...
playground as they do now. They'll be brand new staff toilets in that
Sandy: Sounds good to me!
part of the building too, I'm pleased to say.
Matt: Unfortunately, it says here, the cost of getting there in the fir st
So, I hope that's at least started to allay a few fears. Take a few
place can be prohibitive. However you make your way there, it's
minutes to look at the plan - I'll get out the way. Then, I'll answer a few
expensive - unless the bank of mum and dad help out, that is ... Then,
questions if you have any. Does that ...
look - they also mention various places in Africa but they single out
Ghana. Students can get involved with the construction of new schools
or teaching the kids that are already in them.

Listening scripts 257

Tara: That does sound really rewarding and interesting, I have to say. Now, of course, animals are caught - they're frequently caught - but
I guess there's a huge sense of achievement with something like that - that might not mean the game's up . Some animals make themselves
and you get fantastic life experience from living in another culture. difficult or horrible to eat. Hedgehogs have sharp spines that deter a
Sandy: I think you pick up some real prac tical skills too - skills you can predator from tucking in even when it's captured its prey. The predator
bring back with you. is very likely to give up when a spine gouges an eye or gets lodged in
its throat . Numerous species of creature - turtles or snails, for example -
Matt: Another place I really like the sound of is Nepal ...
have developed a tough outer shell that makes it almost impossible
Tara: What's the attraction there? to devour. One of my favourite creatures is the skunk, which emits
Matt: Most of the volunteering involves teaching again and it's that a repulsive smell on being cornered - enough to send any attacker
sense of achievement that people are after. They also say - let me read haring back into the undergrowth. In a similar way, some sea-dwelling
it - students are attracted by the simplicity of daily e xistence. I think molluscs can emit an ink cloud that fills the surrounding water
they mean you have to spend a year without your computer and all the concealing it from a predatory fish that may be circling. There are frogs
rest of it. It's all about going back to basics. that go one step further. They're so poisonous that even if a predator
does try and eat them, it'll probably keel over and drop dead first(
Sandy: So, where do people stay?
Now, you'll probably be surprised but I'm going to go on to talk about
Matt: They live on farms or in mountain retreats.
plants. Yes, many plants have defence mechanisms in exactly the same
Tara: Mm, I'm not so sure I could manage that. I don't mind hard work way as animals. You've probably all been stung by a nettle ....
but I like a hot shower at the end of the day.
Sandy: Yeah, I imagine the food's not great either.
Matt: They do actually say here that one of the things volunteers miss
is good food choices'. Anyway, there are plenty of other options. Why
don't you read the rest ... •�PART 1
Receptionist: Good morning, you're through to the Tree house at the
Botanic Garden. How can I help?
Lubna: Oh, Hello, I'd like to book a place on the ... er ... Japanese floral
art workshop.
• PART 4
R: Ah, yes, do you mean our workshop on the 16th?
Lecturer: In today's lecture, I'm going to talk about avoiding predation.
Lubna: No, it's on the 6th - Saturday the 6th.
What does that mean? I hear you say. Well, you probably know the
word predator- I'm sure you've all seen 'Predator' the movie? Well, a R: Ah, yes - got it up here on screen now! Japanese Floral Art
predator is any animal that hunts and kills another animal. That animal workshop ... That's great - you're just in time - we're nearly full!
- and I was going to say that smaller animal but it's not always the case Twelve people have already booked a place and this w orkshop is
- is the prey. An owl, for example, is a predator and a mouse is its prey. limited to fifteen participants. It's one of our most popular workshops -
A lion is a predator and a much bigger animal, a buffalo, for example, in fact it's the fifth one we've run! And this is the last one this term.
is its prey. So when I say avoiding predation, what I mean is not being There won't be another workshop until next year now.
caught and eaten. For many small animals, not being caught and Lubna: Oh great, thanks a lot. And can I just check the start time? It
eaten is pretty much a full-time job. Many animals that are predators says on the leaflet I've got here that it begins at 12.30.
themselves may be the prey of another usually bigger animal - this is R: That's right - it finishes at 1.30. Most of our other workshops are
what we popularly call the food chain.
only half an hour long but this one is longer. In fact we're thinking of
So, how do animals avoid predation? Well, they have what we call running some longer ones in the future.
defence mechanisms. These are ways in which the species has adapted
Lubna: Oh, I see. Well I'm really glad it lasts for a full hour - I don't
over time to give it an advantage over its predators. Any adaptation
think I would be able to come up with any kind of floral arrangement in
of this kind increases the species' chances of survival. Over time,
less time than that - and certainly not in 30 minutes!
species that have not adapted - that is developed some sort to defence
mechanism - have met with extinction. R: Me neither! Now, one more thing - the workshop itself is free but
we're asking participants t.o....p_a_y £5 each - just to cover the cost of the
There are various forms of defence. The first is probably very obvious floral supplies.
and that's speed. Predators can't feed on what they can't catch.
Running away is a very effective defence mechanism, as some of you Lubna: That's fine.
can probably remember from primary school! Flight is even mor e R: Now before I book you a place I'll just give you some information
effective Species which have developed the ability to fly over time about what'II happen on the day.
have an enormous advantage. Far more birds would be a meal out in R: Basically, it's a real hands-on workshop so you'll be making your
the wild if they couldn't fly. own floral arrangement that you can take home afterwards.
The second mechanism is protective coloration. You might hear the Lubna: That's great - I'm really looking forward to that.
word camouflage used too but I personally find that too simple a term
when it comes to the animal kingdom. Protective coloration includes
R: Now, a couple of important things - please remember to .b.ring
a number of slightly varied mechanisms within the overall term. scissors or cutters to the workshop - unfortunately we only have a
Some animals blend in with their background. A chameleon is a good limited number of pairs to lend people who forget them on the day.
Last year, some participants ended up using penknives which are not at
example. It sits on a rock and it looks like a rock - it sits on a tree and
all suitable for floral arranging!
it looks like the branch of that tree. Butterflies have what we think of
as beautiful patterns not to be beautiful but to confuse and warn off Lubna: Right - I'll make a note of that.
potential assailants. They blend in with the flowers around them but R: And you'll also need to bring your own container.
may also look like something else. Some butterflies hav e patterns that
Lubna: Do you mean a bag - that sort of thing?
look like huge eyes and a would-be predator is scared off
R: No, you need a shallow container - basically it has to be shallow
There are all sorts of stories about how the zebra got its stripes and
with a wide base so that you can use it to work on your arrangement. It
not many people really know what the stripes are there for. Well, that
can be pottery, wood, plastic, whatever you like.
type of coloration is called dazzle camouflage. A zebra stands out
when alone and stationar y but when zebras move rapidly in a herd Lubna: Oh, of course. I see. I'm sure I can find something suitable.
their stripes create m otion dazzle - a confusing, flickering mass to the R: And when you arrive for the workshop - ask for Elizabeth McMillan.
eye of a lion or cheetah that might be giving chase. Selecting a target She's leading the event - she's a really experienced workshop leader.
becomes far more difficult. She's been running the event for us for many years so you'll certainly
be in good hands!

258 Listening scripts

Lubna: That's good to know. Another advantage of a wrist rest is that it stops your hands from
R: Now I'll just take your details for the booking form. Can I have your dropping off the edge of the keyboard. A wrist rest can also relieve
first name? tension and soreness in your neck and shoulders. And how does it
do that exactly? Well, it removes the weight of your arm from your
Lubna: Yes, it's Lubna. shoulders and neck altogether. So, there are a lot of benefits aren't
R: Lubna - can you spell that for me? there? However, most people never learn how to use a wrist rest
Lubna: L-u-b-n-a. correctly. In fact, leaning your wrists on a wrist rest for long periods
can put a lot of pressure on the undersides of your wrists. Just here.
R: And your surname?
So, to make the most of your wrist rest, it's really important to follow
Lubna: Awan.
a few basic tips. First of all, make sure you place your wrist rest
R: Is that A-w-a-m? approximately 1 ½ inches away from your keyboard - like this. And,
Lubna: No, it's an 'n' at the end. never, ever place your wrists directly on your wrist rest. Instead, place
the palm or ball of your hand on the rest. And another thing - don't use
R: Thank you. And a contact number - just in case we need to get in
the wrist rest ALL the time - particularly when you're typing. Instead,
touch with you before the workshop?
your hands should be on the wrist rests during break periods - so
Lubna: Yes, it's 0759 830 5321. between your typing sessions. This will avoid you putting strain on your
R: Thanks, that's all the information we need so that's you booked in. wrists and fingers. Now, does anyone have any questions before we
Oh, actually, just one more thing ... would you like to be on our mailing move on to computer glasses?
list? This means that we can send you information about future events
and workshops. All we need is your email address.
Lubna: Yes, that's great. My email address is Lawan25@yahoo.com
R: OK, I'll just read that back - L-a-w-a-n 25 at yahoo.co.com
Lubna: Yes, that's correct. ��PART 3
R: OK, I'll pop all your details on the system and we'll see you at the Tutor: Well, we've been looking at the issue of waste this term and as
workshop next weekend. you know it's a huge area to research. Now, just to recap on our last
session - we identified a range of sources of waste. Can we just run
Lubna: Thanks a lot for your help. Bye!
through these very briefly before we make a start?
Hannah: Yes, I've got a note of them here - we've got waste from
industry commerce, quarrying and construction. And then of course,
there's household bins and litter.
Tutor: Great - Now you were going to focus on industrial waste,
H PART2
weren't you? How's the research going?
Trainer: Hello everyone, and welcome to the second session on health Hannah: Well, actually I decided to go with household waste in the end
and safety and today we're focussing on health and safety when using and focus on food. I've been looking at exactly what we throw out and
a computer. Now, can you all gather round this workstation here?
how much. Now maybe this won't come as much of a surprise to you
That's great, thanks. but I was really �at just how much food we throw away in the
OK, now, let's look at some equipment that is specifically designed UK. We throw away over 7 million tonnes of food every single year -
for safe computer use. Firstly, take a look at this item here - yes, the 7.2 million to be exact.
sloped slab in front of the keyboard. Does anyone know what it is?
Tutor: That's quite right. In the latest survey, it's been estimated that
That's right - it's a wrist rest. And it does a lot more than take up room
we're wasting one third of the food we buy.
on your desk I can tell you. Well, what does it do exactly? In actual fact,
it's specifically designed to support your wrist when you're typing or Hannah: Exactly! That's like one in every three bags of food shopping
when you're using a computer mouse. going straight into the bin! I think the worst thing about it is that more
than half of this is food we could actually have eaten ... so to give you
Now the one I'm holding in my hand is made of foam rubber. Come
some examples - things like unopened pots of yoghurt, whole chickens
on now, have a feel - you know you want to! Now, it's very flexible,
- yes, people actually throw out whole chickens.
isn't it? The padding is firm but it also gives way when you press it -
just like this. Here's another type, by the way - this one is filled with Tutor: OK - now have you got any figures to support this? It's important
9.fil. Now, like the foam rubber type, it's got a firm surface but when to include these in your final assignment.
you press it like this, it gives way with a little spring. However, not all Hannah: Yes - I've got a note of them somewhere - yes, here they are.
wrist rests are flexible like that. Some are made from hard plastic. That Let's start with yoghurts - now 1.3 million of them go straight in the bin
doesn't sound like a comfortable support for your wrist does it? So, and 5 500 whole chickens. Oh, and I've got another example - bread -
NOT to be recommended! an amazing 7 million slices of bread are completely wasted too.
OK, so we know what kind of material we're looking for in a wrist Tutor: OK, you've got some solid figures there. And don't forget to
rest. But what else do we have to think about before we choose one? explore the reasons why we throw out food we haven't even opened.
Now look again at the foam rubber wrist rest here. You can see that One interesting point worth making here is that basically we often
the slope of the wrist rest and the height and the width too match the completely forget about what we've bought. So we stick the box
front edge of the keyboard here. And there are no sharp edges - look of eggs in the fridge and our packets of biscuits at the back of the
- it's really nice and smooth. cupboard and they just lie there completely unused. And on the subject
Now, we know it's a busy time for you all at the moment. You're busy of eggs you might be shocked to learn that we throw away 0.7 million
with assignments in between the hours you're spending browsing the of them every single day and the same amount of packets of .b.i.s.c.u.i.1s!
net and going on social networking sites! Well, just think about how Hannah: I think that people need to think more about how they are
hard your wrist has to work! So, using a wrist rest like this one can storing and using the food they buy.
really help in a number of ways. First of all, it helps you keep your Tutor: That's a good point. What do you think is the problem there? Do
wrist straight when you're using your computer. I'm demonstrating this we all need to change our attitude to food?
now - as you can see, my wrist is neutral and straight rather than bent
up and down. See what I mean? Now, it can also provide padding for Hannah: Definitely. Part of the problem is that we've come to expect
your hands - it works in much the same way as a � so it makes our food to look uniform and, well, perfect. So, we want our apples to
your desk much more comfortable. Now, please note I DID say cushion be green all over and to be a certain shape and size. This means the
rather than pillow. We don't want you students to be too comfortable! farmers and then we as consumers end up throwing away perfectly
good food just because it has a blemish or a mark. What's wrong with
a green apple that has some red colour on it too? What's wrong with

Cambridge English: IELTS Tests Listening scripts 259

a tomato that has a slightly strange shape? But that kind of attitude help them reach their true potential. Persona/ Development plans can
may explain why there is so much waste. In fact, these are exactly the help workers make progress and achieve higher goals.
foods we waste most of. We throw out far more of those than we do So, there we have it. The hierarchy of needs - achieving each of these
bakery items like cakes and biscuits. And just to give you some idea of tiers - one level at a time and moving up the pyramid motivates us
quantities - we're throwing out 5 1 million whole potatoes 4.4 million to achieve the next. Now, does anyone have any questions before we
whole apples and 2.8 million whole tomatoes on a daily basis. And move on?
then there are the sell-by and use-by dates - they encourage us to
throw away food long before it goes off.
Tutor: Thanks, Hannah. You've highlighted an interesting point - that
waste is very much a social issue. OK, let's leave it there. We can look
at the issue of initiatives to reduce ... .
� � PART 1
Man: Hello, York Car Pool. How can I help?
Woman: Oh, hello, Look, I used one of the cars earlier and I want to
complain. I'm not one to make a fuss usually but this isn't the first time
H PART4 there's been a problem. I'm getting fed up with it.
Man: I'm sorry, to hear that. Can I take your membership number first?
Lecturer: OK, everyone - let's make a start with the second module
of our Business Management course. And we're thinking about Woman: Yes, it's 520016.
motivation. Yes, motivation - the drive to achieve and to get things Man: Five-two-double-oh-one-six. Is that Julie speaking?
done. Now, what motivates you to get up in the morning? A strong
Woman: Yes, Julie Gold.
desire to get that assignment finished? Or maybe you want to get more
training in before this weekend's inter-university football match? Man: Hi Julie. Now let me just check your booking. Your complaint's
about the most recent booking, is it?
Let's focus on motivation in the workplace. Why is it so important for
workers to be motivated? Think about it - if you feel motivated, you're Woman: Well, yes this complaint is ... but like I say it's not the first.
far more likely to feel loyal to your employer and take a real pride in Man: OK, so that was the Fiat, registration number YPT723S, in City
getting the job done. Street this morning at 10.30?
So, how can a company motivate its workers to work well? Well, Woman: Yes, that's it. 10.30. But no I think it was the car in Baker Road.
let's have a look at this - it's called the motivational pyramid and it Man: My records say City Street. That's the grey Fiat.
was developed by a man called Abraham Maslow - he called it the
hierarchy of needs. He argued that people are motivated by five Woman: Oh yes, Baker Road was yesterday.
essential needs. And he formed this pyramid here to illustrate each of Man: And that booking was fine?
them. And you can see the five tiers or levels on the pyramid. Maslow Woman: Well, yes that one was.
said that workers are motivated at these five levels of need so let's look
Man: Good, so what exactly was the problem today, then?
at each of them in turn.
Woman: OK ... I went to pick the car up and it wasn't in the parking
OK now, so, let's start at the bottom of the pyramid - just here. Now
b.a.¥, I was in quite a hurry and I have to say it was very stressful. Of
these are the basic, physical needs. These are the needs that motivate
course, I thought somebody else still had the car out. Anyway, I was
us to survive and have food and�- So, we're motivated to work in
about to phone when I saw the car on the other side of the street about
return for money so that we can actually eat and keep warm. But even
a hundred metres down. Can't you make it clear to users that they have
at this basic level we're not just motivated by money alone. We're also
to park the cars back in the bays?
motivated to work if we've got good facilities in the workplace. What kind
of facilities are we talking? Well, these facilities could be a staff restaurant Man: Well, yes, we do. If I had to guess, I'd say that the previous user
to have our lunch in or a� to put our personal belongings in. left it there because the bay was occupied. We'll phone to check and
find out, but that's the most likely explanation.
Now after we've got these things, we are then motivated to move up to
the second level of need on the pyramid. And here on the second tier Woman: But people aren't supposed to be occupying the parking bays,
we can see� needs. We're motivated to work hard when we feel are they?
safe and secure. Well, we're much more likely to work well if we've got Man: Well no, but they do. They usually think it's OK to park for a few
a formal job contract. It makes us feel safe doesn't it? And what about minutes.
a� when we're old and no longer able to work? And we're also
Woman: Well, in that case, shouldn't members wait until somebody
much more likely to feel safe and secure if we know there is a sick pay
comes back to get their vehicle? I mean in that situation I always hoot
scheme we can fall back on if we're ill and have to take time away from
and keep on hoot ing to alert the car owner to the fact I'm there and
work.
that I expect them to move. It usually takes only a few minutes. I wish
OK, so here we are at the third tier - yes, just here - social needs. Now people would show a little more patience.
social needs refer to the need people have to belong or to be part of a
Man: As I say, I'll phone and ...
group. Team work 's a very important motivator. What does this mean
in practice? Well, it might mean encouraging workers to get together Woman: There are other things I want to discuss. When I did eventually
to discuss various issues within the organisation - for example Q.a¥ get to the ca r I was shock ed at how filthy it was - both inside and out.
increases. The wheels and the bottom of the vehicle were covered in mud. Inside
the carpets were muddy too and the back seat covered in dog hair. It's
Then we move on to the next tier - the fourth one here - self-esteem.
pretty obvious that the last user had driven out to the country to take
This means the kind of motivation that encourages us to experience
his dogs out walking. Can't there be some rules about what people can
a real sense of achievement. So, how can a company make this
and can't use the cars for?
happen? Well, they can use a system of rewards - giving rewards
to individual workers as a way of saying thank you and celebrating Man: I hear what you're saying, Julie. I think this is a fair point and I'm
their achievements. What kind of rewards are we talking about? Well, very sorry. I certainly will call the previous user to take this up.
examples of these include fre e gym memb ership, or gifts such as Woman: And make sure that the cars are given a decent valeting
contract-free phones. This kind of recognition can make us feel valued every so often. Right, one more thing! Once I'd dusted off the seat
and as a result we feel more motivated to move up to the final level of and found the keys - I expected them to be left under a seat or in the
the pyramid. On the final tier we've got self-fulfilment. Now this is the door compartment - I finally started up the engine. I was dismayed to
motivation that inspires us to be creative, and feel challenged in the see how low the f uel gauge was. This has been the case before and
workplace. So, what does this mean in practice? Well, it means making it's really annoying. I thought the membership regulations state quite
sure that workers have the opportunity to do the training they need and clearly that it's the driver's responsibility to fill up when the gauge goes
at the same time provide them with a personal development plan to below the quarter-full mark.

260 Cambridge English: IELTS Tests Listening scripts

Am I right? perfectly possible - most master archers do this - but having one will
Man: Yes, that is what we say. certainly help you to start off with.

Woman: So, how come I had to sort that out before I could get on with Now I'll put the bow down and show you an arrow. The shafts of our
my journey? arrows are wooden but fibre glass arrow shafts are now common too.
Traditionally, as I'm sure you'll know, the fletching at the top of the
Man: Look, I think all things considered, we'll compensate you for your arrow - I mean not the tip end of the arrow - was made of feathers. We
experience today. How does that sound, Julie? have some arrows with feather fletching but we also have some with
Woman: Are you going to scrap the payment for today's booking? what we call vanes. That means the fletching is made of solid plastic.
Man: Well, I could do that but now the booking's on the system, it's All of you have a quiver with six arrows in it. You should tie the strap
complicated. I'd rather offer you complimentary hours. Today's booking of the quiver around your waist like this. As I've said, you take an arrow
was for four hours, so we'll say you have four hours of uncharged from your quiver when I say so - when it's your turn and not before.
usage taken off your next bill? Oh, I nearly forgot - protection. Everyone has a chest guard and hand
guard like those that I'm wearing - I'll show you how to put the chest
Woman: But what if my next booking is for less than four hours?
guard on in a moment - and a bracer. The bracer's a smaller arm pad
Man: Don't worry. The booking will not be charged and the remaining that protects the inside of your arm from the string. For those of you in
amount will automatically go forward to the booking after that. All you a T-shirt today that's important but the bracer will also stop the string
have to do is key free hours into the comments option when you make catching on the sleeve of a jumper or jacket. Right, so before we pick
the booking online. up the bows, let's have a look at these chest guards ... .
Woman: OK, I guess I should say thank you but I'm still very cross
that ...

� PART 3
Tutor: Hi Leo. What is it to you wanted ask me about?
H• PART2
Leo: I'm worried about the exams. I don't mean if I pass them or not.
Man: OK, can you gather round again? Is everyone here? ... No, we're I mean about revising. I don't think I know how to revise. I mean
missing two ... Ah, here they come now. Right, the next activity is the every time I start looking back over my work, I just switch off. I can't
last one before lunch. concentrate.
So, archery ... and I can tell you this activity is the favourite of a lot of Tutor: I don't think you're the first student that ever said that, Leo. Are
our visitors. It's great fun and very relaxing. It can also be competitive. you revising at the right time? I mean are you leaving it until too late
I think we should get the idea, have some practice and then introduce a at night when you've got no energy left? It's hard to achieve anything
bit of competition if you're up for it. Good idea? when you're exhausted.
I'm going to start with the basics. Archery is the practice - or art, some Leo: No, not really. It doesn't seem to make any difference what time
might say - of using a bow to propel an arrow. Archery was initially it is.
used for hunting and combat - an important aspect of warfare in the
Tutor: Well, are you worrying too much about the subjects you feel
distant past. Today, archery is largely a recreational activity and sport.
you're not very good at? I mean are you revising only what you find
The very first bows and arrows - and we're going back thousands of difficult?
years - were very simple. The bow was straight but bent into a curve
Leo: Mm, I guess I am doing that. Isn't that the best approach to revision?
when the string was pulled back. The further back the string was
drawn, the greater the tension and the faster and further the arrow Tutor: Not necessarily. I'd say it's better to revise something you enjoy
flew. Later, bows were designed to be curved. This meant there was and something you feel confident about first. That'll get you into the
an existing inbuilt tension and the archer, that's you in a few minutes, swing of things and then you can go on to more challenging things.
exerted less energy drawing back the string. When curved bows were Anyway, you have to think about the whole purpose of revision. Is the
not in use, they were unstrung. That means the string was taken off so objective to do as well as you possibly can in your strong subjects or to
that the bow was not left in a state of tension. bring your weaker subjects up to an acceptable level?
I think it's interesting that almost every culture had bows and arrows Leo: I'm not sure I see the point of revising what I think I'll pass
at some time during their development. Of course we've all seen anyway.
Native Americans with bows and arrows in the movies but the very Tutor: But revising a stronger subject might mean getting an�
oldest bows originate from Scandinavia and northern Europe. The use rather than a B. That might be more rewarding and beneficial in the
of bows and arrows died out with the invention of firearms, though I long run. You might look back and feel a greater sense of pride in
must point out that the earliest gunners ... were far less efficient than getting a couple of A grades than you would about scraping through
an expert archer. Archery as a recreational activity started to become three or four other subjects.
popular not long after that. Anyway, that's enough history. Do go
Leo: Yes, I see what you're saying. I hadn't thought about it like that before.
online, though, if you want to know more.
Tutor: I'm not saying that that's what you should do - I'm trying to he\p
Right - the practical side. First of all safety. Now you might have played
you see the possibilities.
with bows and arrows when you were kids but these bows and arrows
aren't�- They're not dangerous if used properly and safely but they Leo: Yes, I see that. Do you think I should accept that there are one or
certainly can be dangerous if used carelessly. So everyone, please stand two subjects 1'11 li!ll and just forget about them?
here, on this side of the line until I say otherwise. Nobody walks towards Tutor: Oh, I wouldn't want to give you that advice. I think you should
the targets until I say it's safe do so. When I say so, everyone puts down go into each of the exams at least hoping for a pass grade. My advice
their bow and then we can all go into the targ et area. Each of you will would be to set a time limit on how long you'll spend on each subject.
fire one at a time. I don't want to see anyone load their bow when it's not You may want to spend a little longer on the subjects you find most
their turn. When you've fired, you put your bow down and wait until it's difficult, but not an excessive amount of time.
your turn again. Is that clear? Leo: Yes, thanks. That's helpful advice. Do you have any more tips
Let's take a look at the equipment. The bows are fairly heavy - you about how to go about the actual studying? I mean how I can I keep
might be surprised. We'll spend a moment practising holding the bow focused?
properly before we load one up. I'm holding it now in the position in Tutor: Well, what sort of learner do you think you are?
which you'll hold it. The drawstring is here and again you might be
surprised at the tension. You'll need to practise drawing back the string. Leo: What do you mean?
Just above the middle of the bow here is the .s.i.gbt. You look through Tutor: Well, if you're a Y.i..s.llitl learner, you like seeing things. From what
this as you would with a rifle. Using a bow and arrow without a sight is I know of you, I think you probably are a very visual learner.

IELTS Tests Listening scripts 261

Leo: So, what does that mean in terms of revising? So what were Hitchcock films about and who were some of his typical
Tutor: You probably learn best with images or diagrams. You could try characters? It would be wrong to say that Hitchcock made horror movies
organising information into tables or flow charts. - suspense movies or psychological thrillers, but not horror. Hitchcock
rarely showed acts of violence. The effort went into building up tension
Leo: Mm, I do sometimes make mind maps ...
- creating a sense of unease. The viewer knows that som ething terrible
Tutor: Good idea! I think mind maps can really help you organise your is going to happen - they don't need to actuall y see it.
thoughts. And another thing, have you thought about revising with
Although his stories feature psychopaths, murderers and fugitives on
other students?
the run, the real strength of his work is the complex examination of his
Leo: I didn't think that would be a good idea. I mean if I can't characters. His movies borrow many themes from psychoanalysis, so
concentrate by myself, I certainly wouldn't be able to concentrate when it's not surprising that his masterpiece is called Psycho.
there's another person there to distract me.
However, a recurring theme in Hitchcock's stories is the twist ending.
Tutor: Mm, that probably isn't true. Another person might help you That's when the story ends in the way viewers least expect it to. I
focus. Lots of students get together with a friend - sometimes in mean, the good guy turns out to be the bad guy, for example. Think of
groups- to revise. They usually work out some sort of structured Psycho- it's the element of surprise that makes the end so creepy.
procedure. Now, Hitchcock's movies feature many other elements of surprise
Leo: OK, I'll think about it. I guess, with a friend you could test each - daring elements in fact. Again, I'll refer to Psycho. Marion is
other. I mean revise for a while and then take it in turns to ask each the principal character and it is her that the viewer relates to and
other questions. empathises with. Marion has stolen money and the viewer wants to
Tutor: Now you're thinking in the right direction. You could also write know if she will get away with her crime or be caught and punished.
short summaries or essay introductions, say, and then read and Suddenly a third of the way into the story, Marion is murdered and
comment on each other's work. Bot h positive and c ritical comments the entire dynamic changes. The original storyline is put on hold and
coming from a pee r ca n be very h elpful. There are all sorts of a whole new story begins. No longer able to identify with Marion, the
collaborative strategies and, apart from anything else, having company viewer begins to empathise with the n ew principal character - and that,
is so much nicer than struggling through alone. of course, is the murderer, Norman! In this way, Hitchcock manipulates
the audience into seeing the story from a whole new perspective.
Leo: OK, you've given me a lot to think about. Thanks for your time. I
feel much more positive than I did. Did you know that Hitchcock played a small part in each of his movies?
He always had a cameo role, and this was a very clever move, as it
Tutor: I'm really glad to hear that. Coming to see me in the first place
helped him become known - filmgoers could put a face to the director.
was very sensible. Do come back and tell me how things are going in a
Some might even say that befor e Hitchcock the director was a far less
couple of weeks.
significant individual in the film-making process. Nowadays, however,
people go to see a particular director's movie regardless of who's
starring in it.

H PART 4
Lecturer: We've been talking about prominent film directors and today,
I want to talk about one of the most influential directors of them all - H PART 1
Sir Alfred Hitchcock. I doubt there's anyone here who hasn't seen at
Anya: Hey Janos. Have you seen this notice here?
least one of his movies. Let me give you some film titles - put your
hand up if you've seen it! OK, The Birds ... Vertigo. ... Rear Window ... Janos: What's that?
The 39 Steps ... Marnie ... and, of course, the most famous of them all Anya: Join - our - mall walking programme - get fit ... for free. Now
Psycho. I like the sound of that. I can't afford to keep up my gym membership
OK, good. I can see you're all familiar with Hitchcock, then. Now, this term - it's too expensive.
people assume that Hitchcock was from America - perhaps because Janos: I know what you mean. But what exactly is mall walking?
he spent so much of his life working in Hollywood - but he was in fact Sounds a bit boring to me!
born in London in 1899. He didn't actually emigrate until he was� Anya: Hold on - OK - it may sound boring but it might be a great
yea rs old. opportunity to take exercise. Think about it - a climate controlled
Most film critics would agree that Hitchcock had a huge impact on environment where you can take exercise without having to worry
cinema. And you may be surprised to learn that he started making about the wind or the rain ...
movies as early as the 1920s, when most films were silent. His first
Janos: Wind and rain? Have you actually looked at the weather outside!
attempt, in 1922, actually ended in disaster. The film was ironically called
It's snow and ice out there! I only came into the mall to keep warm!
Num ber 13, and production stopped at a late stage due to financial
problems. but before he left Britain in 1939, he'd already made classics Anya: Well, it IS winter and we ARE in Canada after all. So just think-
like Blackmail, - the first film with sound made in Britain - The Man Who by mall walking we can exercise indoors instead of outdoors!
Knew Too Much and The 39 Steps, and he was considered Britain's top Janos: Great!
director. Anya: And, another thing. We won't have to worry about the �­
So, why was Hitchcock so influential? To start with, he pioneered Just think- no busy roads to cross.and no rush hours to think about.
techniques, especially in the genre of the psychological thriller. He Come on- it's worth a try!
was known as The Master of Suspense. During a career that spanned Janos: You're still not exactly selling it to me ... Imagine walking past
more than half a century, Hitchcock created a distinctive- perhaps the same stores - and they're not even open! So, what's the point of
unique - style. One of his innovations was to use a camera the way a that?
person watching would. This gave filmgoers the sense that they were
Anya: Oh come on, Janos. Just think about it as an opportunity to
voyeurs rather than just viewers. He exploited camera angles and used
window shop and keep an eye out for bargains. And what about all
innovative editing techniques to build suspense and maximise anxiety.
the amazing decorations and displays we can take a look at? I think it
His eye for detail was astonishing. Did you know that the famous
sounds like fun!
scene in Psycho in which Marion is murdered in the shower took a
whole week to film? Yes, a scene little more than a minute long. There Janos: Did you say 'fun'? Walking on a hard surface like concrete? Give
were around sixty camera positions, and the set had to constantly be me grass any day - much more comfortable on the feet.
deconstructed and reconstructed. Today, that kind of almost obsessive Anya: And there's another thing. In a mall you're always close to mst
perfection simply wouldn't be cost effective. A week filming one scene [OQ[IlS ... and water come to that. What could be better than that?
would blow the budget!

262 Cambridge English: IELTS Tests Listening scripts

Janos: I think I know the answer to that one - exercising in a gym is a
whole lot better!
Anya: Well, anyway we can get more details at the information kiosk.
So, do you want to come with me or not? �•PART 2
Janos: Er, I'll give it a miss. I'm off to the gym - to make the most of Guide: Good morning everyone ... can you all see and hear me?
my membership before it runs out! Good ... now, my name's Dan and I'm your guide this morning for
our tour of the New Zealand Parliament. Now we're standing in
Anya: Hello, I'd like more information about the mall walking the executive wing of the parliament complex. This is where all the
programme. government ministers have their offices and where the Prime Minister
Assistant: Great - we're always looking for new members. Can I just and the cabinet meet. Now most people here refer to this building as
ask you how you found out about the programme? 'the beehive.' And no prizes for guessing why it's called the beehive!
Anya: Oh, on the noticeboard on the first floor. That's right - it's shaped exactly like a traditional beehive and it's one
of the most famous buildings in Wellington.
Assistant: Oh, that's great! Most of our new members come through
the website or through friends. Good to know people still read the Now, I'll start with some background information about the design and
noticeboard here in the mall! construction of the building. It may come as a surprise for you to learn
that the architect wasn't a New Zealander. No! In fact, it was designed
Anya: Yes - I guess so! by a Scottish architect - Sir Basil Spence. He designed the concept for
Assistant: Now let me give you some details. The programme runs the building during a visit he made to our city in 1964. His idea was
weekdays Monday through Friday. And it's an early start - wait for it - that all the offices and rooms would radiate from a central core.
walkers meet at 7 am.
Now the Beehive was built in stages over ten years. Construction
Anya: 7 am? That is pretty early. But come to think of it - my lectures began on building the underground car park and the basement at the
start at 9 most mornings so I would be able to make it back to the end of the nineteen sixties - � - and over the next decade the
campus in plenty of time. remaining floors were constructed. Yes, one decade later, in 1979, the
Assistant: Great! Actually most members go straight on to work or first parliamentary offices moved in.
college after their walk so you're not alone. Now our members meet Now, as you can see the Beehive is pretty high. In fact, it's 72 metres
here on the ground floor. tall. It has ten floors above ground and an additional four floors below
Anya: Here at the information kiosk? - so that's a total of 14 floors altogether. That means there's plenty of
space for the many facilities available to the members of Parliament
Assistant: No, just over there at the food court.
and ministers to use - these include a small theatre and a television
Anya: The food court. OK. studio. Now, if you'd all just like to follow me, we can make our way
Assistant: Yes, just follow the smell of coffee! Normally about ten to inside the building itself ...
:fifteen people show up for each walk but numbers can vary. Here we are in the entrance foyer. It's a very airy space, isn't it? And if
Anya: So up to fifteen in a group? That's an ideal number - glad it's not you look at the floor you're standing on, you'll see it is made of .!lli!I.ble.
fifty! And how long do the walks last? And if you look to your left you can see some beautiful columns -
Assistant: You can expect to walk for one hour but some groups do they are also made from marble. Now, look at the wall panels - they
less - half an hour or so and a few groups even do up to an hour and a are made of stainless steel. They look really stunning, don't they?
half so it's best to check when you arrive. Which day were you thinking Now straight ahead of us is the staircase leading to the first floor of
of starting? the building. As you can see the railings on the staircase are made
of .b.r.o.m..e,. Now let's make our way up this beautiful staircase to the
Anya: Well, next Monday would work for me - morning lectures have Banquet Hall on the first floor - and we can admire these beautiful
been cancelled so I would have plenty of time. bronze railings on the way!
Assistant: Monday the 4th February? So, this is the Banquet Hall and as you can see, it's shaped in the form
Anya: Yes. That's right. of a semi-circle. It's also a pretty big space, isn't it? It's actually a big
Assistant: OK, so let's get your details. Can you give me your full enough dining room to hold up to 300 guests. Now, look at the large
name? mural to your right. It's three dimensional and shows the atmosphere
and sky of New Zealand. And the floor we're standing on is made of
Anya: Anya Karchevskaya.
yYQQQ - it's a native New Zealand timber called tawa.
Assistant: Can you spell your surname, please?
OK, now let's make our way to the ...
Anya: Yes, K-a-r-c-h-e-v-s-k-a-y-a.
Assistant: And your address?
Anya: Apartment 12 2 Burlington Street.
Assistant: And a contact telephone number?
Anya: 0757 6345003. ��PART 3
Assistant: I'll just read that back. 0757 6345003 Josh: Hi Milena, how's your research for your assignment going?
Anya: Yes. Milena: Which assignment, Josh?
Assistant: By the way, new members receive a free gift when they join Josh: The one on sustainable transport. It's due in on Friday!
and it's a much better gift than last year. We gave people badges but Milena: Oh, I've not nearly finished it. I've still got so many articles to
they tended to lose them and more recently we provided visors instead get through. In fact, I need to read another two books on the reading
but they weren't very popular so this year we're giving new members list before I can even think about writing it up. It doesn't help that I'm a
T-shirts. really slow reader.
Anya: That's great. What colour? Josh: Well, why don't you practise speed reading - just like me?
Assistant: Yellow! I've got plenty in stock so you can collect yours on Milena: Oh, let me into your secret! If anything, If I don't get a move
Monday. on, my assignment is going to be late. What exactly is speed reading,
Anya: Thanks a lot. anyway?
Josh: Well, speed reading basically means reading faster and more
efficiently. It can make such a difference. I've noticed the benefits
already and I've only been doing it a few weeks.
Milena: Sounds good. What benefits are we talking exactly?

Cambridge English: IELTS Tests Listening scripts 263

Josh: Well, the majority of people read at an average rate of 250 going to focus on how ways in which tourists can actually benefit local
words a minute. So, that means that an average page in a book or a people and natural areas if they travel responsibly - and this kind of
document would take you around one or two minutes to read. travel is known as eco-tourism.
Milena: So up to two minutes a page? That sounds quite fast to me. Now, there's no one definition of eco-tourism - in fact, it can be
I reckon I spend at least five minutes on each one. interpreted in a number of different ways - this means it represents
Josh: But just think about it. Imagine if you could double that rate to different things to different people. And sometimes people
fillQ words a minute. You could zip through all the articles and books in misunderstand eco-tourism altogether - they think of it as just
half the time. Another thing is that it can help you understand the basic spending time in nature or natural areas. However, the truth is far more
structure of an idea or an argument much better. complex. However in essence it aims to minimise the negative impacts
of tourism that we looked at earlier on in the course - problems such
Milena: You make speed reading sound like some kind of sport!
as litter and water pollution, crime and so on AND at the same time, to
Josh: Well, actually, speed reading is a bit like playing sport - I like to encourage travellers to have a positive impact on the places they visit.
think it's similar to running.
Now there are many other words to describe a similar idea to eco­
Milena: Running? Much too fast for me! I'm more of a jogger! You're tourism. In fact, the terms 'alternative tourism', 'sustainable tourism'
not selling it to me very well! or 'responsible tourism' are often used to mean the same thing. But in
Josh: OK, OK, but just think about what it takes to be a fast runner. You fact, although the main ideas behind them are similar, there are small
can learn the techniques but to get really good at it and build up your differences. And let's briefly look at these now.
speed, you really need to practise. Alternative tourism is any kind of tourism that is not mass tourism.
Milena: But athletes train for hours every day! And by mass tourism we mean hundreds, if not thousands of people
going on, for example, their two weeks a year beach holidays or
Josh: That's true but your reading speed can improve if you practise a
traditional sightseeing tours. Alternative tourism includes travel such
few basic techniques. The first thing to do is to actually find out how
as backpacking and adventure holidays. And the term 'alternative' also
fast you're reading at the moment.
includes 'eco-tourism' which is what we are mainly focussing on today.
Milena: So, time my current reading speed? But I read so slowly it will
Now, what about 'sustainable tourism'? Sustainable tourism has the
be really depressing to find out just how slow I am!
same ideals as eco-tourism but it isn't limited to natural areas. So, you
Josh: Believe me - timing yourself is a really good idea and it's so easy can have a sustainable tourist experience in a city or a town. And then
to do. There are lots of online speed reading tests. You just enter the we have responsible tourism - what does that mean exactly? Now,
words 'reading speed test' into google and loads will come up. You basically this involves acting responsibly and respectfully as a guest
could also do a reading comprehension test and see how well you when we travel overseas. And what do we mean by 'respectful'? Well,
understand what you're reading. being respectful might involve asking permission to take photographs
Milena: I don't know ... or go into someone's home observing some of the customs of the local
community, such as dress or making an effort to learn the language.
Josh: But remember to read at your normal speed and time yourself on
a few different pages - the average of your times should indicate your Now eco-tourism can be passive or active. So, what do we mean by
average reading speed. passive tourism? Well, let's think of some specific examples. A passive
tourist might buy their holiday package from a company that donates
Milena: What do I do next?
part of their profits to local charities. Or a passive tourist might book
Josh: Well, the next thing to do, and this is really important, is to g,e.t environmentally-friendly accommodation. This means choosing to stay
rid of distractions. I used to think that music in the background while I in a hotel which may use solar power as a source of energy or changes
was reading was a good thing but it wasn't for me. I found I increased sheets and towels for their guests less frequently.
my speed by working without any noise whatsoever.
Now, active eco-tourism's a way for people to enjoy everything that
Milena: I usually read in the library but there always seem to be people nature has to offer and at the same time enable them to leave a
talking around me. positive mark on the environment. Now, this kind of eco-tourist is
Josh: Well, try using earplugs to block out all the distractions. Another sometimes referred to as a voluntourist - that's a combination of
important thing is to set yourself targets. Basically if you know what volunteer and tourist - you get the idea. Now, voluntourists prefer to
your goal is you're more likely to achieve it. experience a new place in an active way - and this doesn't mean sitting
Milena: My goat? Well, that's easy. I need to find out about the in a tourist bus or listening to a pre-recorded guide! Basically, they
problems of accessible transport in Africa and then think about some want to physically connect with the place they're visiting - and this
solutions. I know what I need to do but I keep skipping back to a includes connecting with humans and animals. Now their approach to
sentence I've just read and at other times I go back a few pages just to travel can make a real difference and can really benefit the places and
make sure that I've read something right. the communities they choose to visit. Voluntourists often help local
people construct and repair buildings or it could mean being willing to
Josh: I know what you mean. Actually a lot of people do that when they help a community with nature conservation.
read - they re-read material when they don't actually need to. It's called
'regression' and it's important to get out of the habit of doing it. You can So let's think of some specific examples of this kind of work in action.
reduce the number of times your eyes skip back by running your finger Now, voluntourists have helped local communities to plant hundreds
or a pencil along each line you read. Your eyes will follow the tip of your of trees and installed identifying signs in the rainforests of Costa Rica.
finger and this helps you avoid skipping back. Why not give that a try? They've also helped with sustainable food production in Cuba and
in Jamaica they've been involved in the cleaning up of local ri.Y.e.r.s..
Milena: Yes, I think I'll give it a go but I suppose the first thing to do is And in Thailand they've worked on building ecologically sustainable
find out what my reading speed is. What a thought! reforested habitats. Now, some of the work that voluntourists do also
involves looking after endangered animals like the giant panda project
in Japan or the animal sanctuary project in Ecuador. Now this work
doesn't just involve interacting with wildlife but involves educating
local people about the need to protect wildlife. Now, before we explore
H· PART4 wildlife tourism in more detail, does anyone have any questions ... ?

Man: Good morning, everyone - let's make a start. Now, over the last
few weeks we've looked at some key areas in the 'travel and tourism'
module - we've already charted the origins and development of
tourism and we've also looked at the negative effects of tourism on
both local·communities and the environment. So in this lecture we're

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