Curriculum and module handbook

Master’s Degree Programme in Information Systems

(Wirtschaftsinformatik)
(Master of Science in Information Systems)

2018

Approved by Senate / Vice-Rector Teaching and Learning on 19 December, 2018.

Valid as of 1 September, 2019.

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Curriculum developed by:

Dr Alexander Simons
Assistant Professor, Institute of Information Systems, University of Liechtenstein
Co-Academic Director of the Master’s Degree Programme in Information Systems

Dr Nadine Székely
Postdoctoral Researcher, Institute of Information Systems, University of Liechtenstein
Executive Director of the Master’s Degree Programme in Information Systems

Curriculum committee:

Dr Susanne Buddendick
Head of Communication Services, Global IT, Hilti Group
Business representative

Prof. Dr Pavel Laskov

Hilti Chair for Data and Application Security, Institute of Information Systems, University of Liechtenstein
Representative for the Electives in Data and Application Security

Prof. Dr Jan Mendling

Full Professor, Institute for Information Business, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien (WU Vienna)
External academic advisor

Dr Johannes Schneider
Assistant Professor, Institute of Information Systems, University of Liechtenstein
Representative for the Electives in Data Science

Saskia Laura Schröer

Master’s student in Information Systems, University of Liechtenstein
Student representative

Prof. Dr Stefan Seidel

Chair of Information Systems and Innovation, Institute of Information Systems, University of Liechtenstein
Co-Academic Director of the Master’s Degree Programme in Information Systems

Prof. Dr Jan vom Brocke

Hilti Chair of Business Process Management, Institute of Information Systems, University of Liechtenstein
Representative for the Electives in Business Process Management

Support:

Roope Jaakonmäki
Research Assistant and Ph.D. Candidate, Institute of Information Systems, University of Liechtenstein
Former Executive Director of the Master’s Degree Programme in Information Systems

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Content

1. Profile of the degree programme 4

1.1. Study profile 4
1.2. Qualification profile 5
1.3. Entry requirements 7
1.4. Learning outcomes 7
1.5. Programme structure 7
2. Formal aspects of the programme 10
3. Module structure 11
4. Module handbook 14

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1. Profile of the degree programme
1.1. Study profile

Information technology (IT) is ubiquitous in the worlds of business and government, so almost all companies, non-
profits, and public administrations depend on information systems. Therefore, it has never been more important
for managers – not only in Liechtenstein, but everywhere – to make sound decisions about how to develop and
use information systems, how to exploit information systems’ transformative potential, and how to design and
implement efficient operations based on information systems.

The Master’s Degree Programme in Information Systems is designed to prepare students to make such decisions
and so to develop the managers of the future. In line with the university’s mission statement, which is to prepare
students to take on leading roles in business, academia, and government and to support them in their personal
growth, Information Systems students acquire subject knowledge and methodological expertise at the interface
of computer science and business administration in a course of study that also shepherds their personal develop-
ment.

The degree programme provides state-of-the-art information on how to design, implement, and manage infor-
mation systems, identify and exploit digital innovations, take on leadership responsibility, and work in teams. The
degree programme also provides a foundation for academic careers by teaching students how to plan and execute
research projects autonomously. Students can choose among various electives so they can specialise in any of
three subject areas that are important for the Liechtenstein industry and far beyond: Business Process Manage-
ment, Data and Application Security, and Data Science.

The Business Process Management electives focus on the analysis, design, and implementation of business pro-
cesses and cover topics like strategic alignment, governance, methods, IT, people, and culture. The Data and Ap-
plication Security electives address security essentials by covering the preventive, reactive, and organisational
aspects of security. The Data Science electives focus on the collection, management, and analysis of data and
cover state-of-the-art methods from fields like artificial intelligence and machine learning, including deep learning.

The degree programme is designed to educate highly qualified IT specialists for industry, non-profits, and public
administrations in Liechtenstein and internationally. Graduates have excellent technical, analytical, and method-
ological skills, along with creativity, leadership ability, and communication skills. The curriculum directly addresses
the requirements of industry while also providing a sound scientific education. Thus, students benefit from a prac-
tical education with the highest academic standards.

To achieve these ambitious goals, the Master’s Degree Programme in Information Systems leverages the univer-
sity’s small size and Liechtenstein’s strong industry environment to create an innovative and supportive learning
environment in which students acquire cutting-edge skills that allow them to take on leadership roles in business.
The degree programme is based on five core principles:

 Strong personal support: Information Systems students benefit from a people-centred environment and di-
rect interactions with lecturers.

 Self-determined study: Students can specialise in any of three subject areas through electives, and they can
also choose among cross-faculty electives to train social and soft skills.

 Contemporary study content: The curriculum allows the flexibility to address developments in research and
business so courses can be adapted quickly to the job market’s emerging needs.

 Flexible organisation: Because most modules are block events, the degree programme leaves students time
to tend to their professional careers and achieve a healthful study-work-life balance.

 Continuous improvement: Lecturers participate in the university’s continuing education programme, and
their courses receive regular student evaluations.

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The degree programme is consistent with the university’s strategy in that it follows a competitive approach to
selecting the most talented students and hiring the most qualified teaching staff. The programme focuses on in-
formation systems (“Wirtschaftsinformatik”), a core field that is highly relevant to both the business economy and
society. The core strengths of the Master’s Degree Programme in Information Systems are

 its strong international orientation (through an international student body and teaching staff and visiting
professors from abroad),

 its practical relevance (through industry collaboration, knowledge transfer, networking, and a series of prac-
tical project seminars), and

 its contributions to the university’s international reputation and recognition (through participation in inter-
national student competitions).

The Master’s Degree Programme in Information Systems has a strong international orientation, as the language
of instruction is English, the student body is international, and the teaching staff is supported by visiting professors
from abroad. Courses are also often organised in partnership with international universities. For example, the
Institute of Information Systems is a member of the European Research Center for Information Systems (ERCIS),
an active university network in the field of Information Systems that regularly organises joint project seminars,
lectures, and exchange programmes. Students in the Master’s Degree Programme in Information Systems can also
take part in annual study trips and spend a semester as guests at one of the university’s partner universities, such
as Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia, University of Turku, Finland, and University of Mün-
ster, Germany.

What especially distinguishes the Master’s Degree Programme in Information Systems from similar programmes
is that students solve throughout the course of their studies practically relevant IT problems in cooperation with
regional industry, giving the degree programme a high level of practical relevance. In a series of project seminars,
students tackle the contemporary IT problems of several companies. The project seminars are conducted in small
groups, and the regional industry provides several industry participants, thereby creating a unique educational
and practical learning environment. The degree programme thus supports dialogue between industry and univer-
sity, enabling students to work with some world-leading companies even at the beginning of their studies.

In the past, Information Systems students from Liechtenstein have enhanced the university’s international repu-
tation and recognition by being repeatedly chosen as winners at renowned competitions like the SAP Demo Jam
and the Accenture Campus Innovation Challenge, while the teaching staff has received international teaching
awards like Association for Information Systems (AIS) awards for “Innovation in Teaching” and “Outstanding Con-
tribution to Information Systems Education.” The curriculum is designed to encourage participation in interna-
tional competitions – in particular, the practice-oriented project seminars promote the use of innovative teaching
methods and prepare students for such participation.

1.2. Qualification profile

Students in the Master’s Degree Programme in Information Systems acquire cutting-edge skills that allow them to
pursue careers as chief information officers, chief digital officers, chief technology officers, consultants, data sci-
entists, IT project managers, IT architects, IT security managers, and process analysts. The programme also pro-
vides a basis for academic careers, as graduates are eligible for doctoral degree programmes. In preparation for
these careers, students acquire a wide range of professional and academic skills at the interface of computer
science and business administration. In short, students achieve four main educational goals through the degree
programme:

 The ability to design, implement, and manage information systems. Students use appropriate techniques to
analyse business requirements, model data structures and processes, and create and test prototypes using
the technical, analytical, and methodological skills they acquire during their studies.

 The ability to identify and exploit digital innovations. Students assess the opportunities offered by advanced
and emergent digital technologies and apply appropriate methods to seek and develop digital innovations
using the creative and entrepreneurial skills they acquire during their studies.

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 Acquisition of skills in leadership and collaboration. Students collaborate to solve practically relevant IT
problems using what they learn about how to work in teams, how to lead a project team, and how to present
project results.

 The ability to design and conduct Information Systems research projects. Students identify pertinent re-
search questions, conduct systematic literature reviews, apply appropriate research methods, and report on
their results using what they learn about scientific research and writing.

While undergraduate degree programmes in Information Systems typically cover basic and even generic IT con-
cepts and methods — that is, a broad overview of Information Systems research and practice and an elementary
academic foundation for professional entry – a master’s degree programme typically offers a more focused edu-
cation and imparts more specialised knowledge and methodological skills. The Master’s Degree Programme in
Information Systems at the University of Liechtenstein equips students with profound insight into the design, im-
plementation, and management of information systems; basic skills related to project management, teamwork,
leadership, communication, and data analysis; and methodological and technical expertise in any of three core
subject areas: business process management, data and application security, or data science.

These three topics were selected as key subjects for the study programme because they are particularly relevant
to regional and international business needs. As these topics are both practical and much sought after, the current
and future demand on the labour market for graduates in Information Systems from Liechtenstein is high. Gradu-
ates who specialise in Business Process Management can design, improve, and innovate processes and manage
processes in a variety of organisational contexts. Graduates who specialise in Data and Application Security un-
derstand the technical features of modern attacks against information systems and can design and manage instru-
ments to detect, prevent, and mitigate security incidents. Graduates who specialise in Data Science can gain val-
uable insights from data by applying state-of-the-art technology and methods for collecting, managing, and ana-
lysing data.

As information systems continue to revolutionise large parts of our private and professional lives, the degree pro-
gramme focuses on digital innovation so graduates can recognise, understand, develop, and exploit digital inno-
vations and use information systems to digitise and transform business processes and functions and enable en-
tirely new forms of innovation and creativity in enterprises. Graduates acquire these skills in part through partici-
pation in practical project seminars held in cooperation with regional companies that foster creativity and “out-
of-the-box” thinking. These project seminars ensure that the degree programme covers current and practically
relevant IT topics and teach students how to work in teams, manage projects, present project results, collaborate
with others, and lead project groups. As the degree programme is designed to give students job experience right
from the start, it has a high degree of practical relevance. Regular guest lecturers by business leaders give students
important insights into business practice, and the close and ongoing contact with regional companies promotes
students’ personal development and helps them to plan and pursue their professional careers.

The degree programme also prepares graduates for academic careers. Students receive a profound scientific ed-
ucation during a research-methods lecture, develop research proposals for their master’s theses with faculty in a
research-seminar course, and receive regular and personal feedback on their progress outside the lecture hall.
Students learn about qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research designs and how to design and eval-
uate innovative and purposeful IT artefacts as part of Information Systems research. They become aware of the
fundamentals of scientific writing and learn how to conduct rigorous literature reviews and how to cite sources
according to common citation styles. They become familiar with the most common issues related to research eth-
ics, including plagiarism, and the Association for Information Systems (AIS) Code of Research Conduct. Students
are also encouraged to prepare short versions of their master’s theses for submission to student tracks at academic
conferences, where they take part in external review; meet other students, academics, and practitioners; and
receive important input about whether they are likely to qualify for an academic career.

The degree programme also prepares students to work in international and intercultural teams. The teaching
language is English, the student body is international, and the teaching staff is supported by visiting professors
from abroad, so students learn in a personal international and intercultural environment. They can also spend a
semester abroad at such universities as Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia, and the Uni-

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versity of Würzburg, Germany, and take part in annual study trips to get to learn about other universities, coun-
tries, and cultures. Against this background, Information Systems graduates from Liechtenstein are well-prepared
for professional careers in international settings.

Finally, the degree programme is complemented by a number of cross-faculty elective subjects. Cross-faculty elec-
tives are conducted with students and faculty from the university’s other departments, so they focus on interdis-
ciplinary topics and, among others, promote social and ethical awareness.

1.3. Entry requirements

The Master’s Degree Programme in Information Systems builds on a relevant bachelor’s programme or an equiv-
alent university programme. Proof of sufficient language proficiency is required. More information can be found
in the university’s admission guidelines, which are available online.

1.4. Learning outcomes

In the NQ.FL-HS guidelines, “Nationaler Qualifikationsrahmen für den Hochschulbereich im Fürstentum Liechten-
stein” (“National Qualifications Framework for Higher Education in the Principality of Liechtenstein”), from Sep-
tember 2013, learning outcomes are defined in terms of knowledge and understanding, applied knowledge and
understanding, assessment and judgment, communication, and learning strategies. The master’s degree pro-
gramme’s learning outcomes build on students’ knowledge at the bachelor’s level:

Knowledge and understanding

 Graduates understand the characteristics, boundaries, concepts, and theories of information systems design,
implementation, and management.
 Graduates understand the intellectual and ethical issues related to information systems design, implementa-
tion, and management.

Applied knowledge and understanding

 Graduates use their problem-solving abilities and appropriate methods to design, implement, and manage
information systems.
 Graduates recognise, understand, develop, and exploit digital innovations and use information systems to
digitise and transform business processes and functions.

Assessment and judgment

 Graduates can critically analyse information systems and handle the complexity that is associated with infor-
mation systems as socio-technical systems.
 Graduates consider the ethical and social aspects of their decisions on the design, implementation, and man-
agement of information systems.

Communication
 Graduates use appropriate methods to communicate to a range of audiences with varying levels of knowledge
and expertise.
 Graduates can communicate results at an expert level in a variety of roles and contexts and can deliver pro-
fessional presentations to representatives from practice and research.

Learning strategies
 Graduates exercise autonomy and initiative and work independently and reliably on practical IT projects and
Information Systems research projects.
 Graduates efficiently manage their time and resources as individuals and as group members and collaborate
with peers and others in sharing information, expertise, and research results.

1.5. Programme structure

The Master’s Degree Programme in Information Systems is arranged in a modular structure that comprises four
semesters of full-time study, which corresponds to 120 ECTS (European Credit Transfer System) credits. The cur-
riculum was developed based on a comparative analysis of the curricula of top universities around the world and

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a review of available model/reference curricula, as proposed by academic associations like the Association for
Computing Machinery (ACM) and the Association for Information Systems (AIS). Table 1 provides an overview of
the resulting structure of the programme.

Table 1: Programme structure

Semester Module ECTS credits

1 Management Information Systems 6
Business Process Management 6
Data and Application Security 6
Data Management 3
Business Statistics 3
Innovation Lab 3
Cross-Faculty Elective I 3
Total first-semester ECTS credits 30
2 Information Systems Modelling 3
Information Systems Development 3
Digital Innovation 6
Data Science 6
Enterprise Architecture Management 3
Elective I 3
Digital Business 3
Cross-Faculty Elective II 3
Total second-semester ECTS credits 30
3 Emerging IT Topics 3
Human-Centred Design 3
Elective II 3
Elective III 3
Elective IV 3
Research Methods 3
Research Seminar 3
Project Seminar 6
Cross-Faculty Elective III 3
Total third-semester ECTS credits 30
4 Master’s Thesis 27
Cross-Faculty Elective IV 3
Total fourth-semester ECTS credits 30

The curriculum covers several basic Information Systems courses that build on undergraduate knowledge and skills
like Information Systems Modelling, Information Systems Design, and Management Information Systems, as well
as more specialised Information Systems courses like Human-Centred Design and Emerging IT Topics. These
courses cover the concepts, theories, and methods that a student must master to design, implement, and manage
information systems successfully, so they correspond to the first educational goal of the degree programme
(“Graduates can design, implement, and manage information systems”). As the students acquire subject and

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method knowledge at the interface of computer science and business administration, some foundational courses
are technical (e.g., Data Management), while others are more business-oriented (e.g., Enterprise Architecture
Management). The content of the Emerging IT Topics course changes from semester to semester so the degree
programme can be adapted quickly to the job market’s emerging needs and, as such, it can also flexibly address
new developments in research.

In pursuit of the second educational goal (“Graduates can identify and exploit digital innovations”), the curriculum
offers a lecture on Digital Innovation and a series of project seminars in concert with regional companies. These
seminars focus on innovation and creativity, as the students must develop “out-of-the-box” solutions to contem-
porary IT problems. Accordingly, the project seminars provide practice-oriented learning. As students learn in
small groups and work closely with companies, the seminars also contribute to achieving the third educational
goal (“Graduates demonstrate skills in leadership and collaboration”). The first project seminar, Innovation Lab, is
designed to foster basic skills in creativity, organising and planning, problem-solving, project management, team-
work, and communication. Students acquire social, methodological, and personal competencies in working with
multiple large companies on practical IT projects. In the second project seminar, Digital Business, students collab-
orate with small and medium-sized companies to develop new business models, open up new markets, and inno-
vate with existing products and services, so students learn to recognise, understand, develop, and exploit digital
innovations. The last project seminar equips students with technical and methodological expertise in one of three
subject areas: Business Process Management, Data and Application Security, or Data Science.

Table 2: Elective modules

Semester Module ECTS credits

Business Process Management
2 BPM and Organisational Practice 3
3 Business Process Analysis 3
3 Business Process Implementation 3
3 Supply Chain Management 3
Data and Application Security
2 Network and System Security 3
3 Intrusion Detection and Mitigation 3
3 Security Management 3
Data Science
2 Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning 3
3 Advanced Machine Learning 3
3 Data Visualisation 3
3 Multiple Linear Regression 3

For each of the three subject areas, the curriculum consists of a six-ECTS-credit compulsory module, but students
can further specialise in these areas by taking additional three-ECTS-credit electives. While the subject areas are
not certified as majors in the diploma, the electives taken are listed in the diploma supplement. The Business
Process Management electives focus on methodological competencies for the analysis, implementation, improve-
ment, and continuous management of business processes; the Data and Application Security electives focus on
methodological competencies in addressing security threats and in assessing the risks associated with these
threats; and the Data Science electives focus on methodological competencies in artificial intelligence and machine
learning for turning information into competitive advantage. While a small part of these electives is offered in the
summer semester, most of the electives are offered in the winter semester. Table 2 provides an overview.

The fourth semester is focused on the Master’s thesis, which is typically related to one of the three subject areas
that constitute the core of the curriculum (i.e., Business Process Management, Data and Application Security, and

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Data Science). Modules like Research Methods and Business Statistics help students prepare for the master’s the-
sis, and students work on their research proposals in the Research Seminar course. They are continuously sup-
ported in writing their master’s theses and receive regular feedback on their progress. Accordingly, these modules
are in line with the fourth educational goal of the degree programme (“Graduates design and conduct Information
Systems research projects)”. The master’s thesis requires an oral defence.

Finally, students can choose twelve ECTS credits among various cross-faculty electives that focus on interdiscipli-
nary topics, including social and ethical issues.

2. Formal aspects of the programme

The programme corresponds to Qualification Level 2 of the Bologna Programme and to Qualification Level 7 of the
“European Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning” developed by the European Union. Table 3 provides
an overview of the programme’s formal aspects.

Table 3: Formal aspects of the programme

Official title Wirtschaftsinformatik (English: Information Systems)

Duration and workload 4 semesters, 120 ECTS credits
Language English
Courses are assigned a number of hours in class and a number of hours for
individual coursework, where the sum of the two yields the actual work-
Credits load. Thirty work hours are equivalent to one ECTS credit point. Thirty ECTS
credit points correspond to the average coursework of a semester at the
University of Liechtenstein.
Academic degree Master of Science in Information Systems
Official abbreviation MSc
Admission requirements are specified in the Admission Guidelines for the
Admission requirements
Master’s Degree Programme in Information Systems.
Further educational options The degree grants eligibility for a doctoral degree programme.

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3. Module structure

The first-semester modules consist of basic Information Systems courses like Management Information Systems
and Data Management; two courses that provide an introduction to Data and Application Security and Business
Process Management; a Business Statistics course that covers quantitative methods to provide a methodological
basis for the Master’s thesis; and the first project seminar, Innovation Lab. Table 4 provides an overview of the
first-semester modules.

Table 4: First-semester module structure

Semester Module Type Class hours/week (in ECTS

Course(s) in the module units of 45 minutes) credits
1 Management Information Systems CO 6
Management Information Systems LE 4 6
Business Process Management CO 6
Business Process Management LE 4 6
Data and Application Security CO 6
Data and Application Security LE 3 4
Data and Application Security EX 1 2
Data Management CO 3
Data Management LE 2 3
Business Statistics CO 3
Business Statistics LE 2 3
Innovation Lab CO 3
Innovation Lab SE 1.5 3
Cross-Faculty Elective I MG 3
CO = compulsory modules; MG = module groups that categorise optional compulsory modules; LE = lec-
tures; EX = exercises; SE = seminars

The second-semester modules consist of complementary fundamental Information Systems modules like Infor-
mation Systems Modelling, Information Systems Development, and Enterprise Architecture Management; two
courses that provide an introduction to Data Science and Digital Innovation; and the second project seminar, Dig-
ital Business. Table 5 provides an overview.

The third-semester modules consist of a course on Emerging IT Topics, with course content that changes from
semester to semester to address recent technological trends; an advanced course on information systems devel-
opment, Human-Centred Design; a Research Methods lecture, in which students learn how to conduct and report
on scientific studies; and two seminars, the Research Seminar and the Project Seminar. Table 6 provides an over-
view.

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 Table 5: Second-semester module structure

Semester Module Type Class hours/week (in ECTS

Course(s) in the module units of 45 minutes) credits
2 Information Systems Modelling CO 3
Information Systems Modelling LE 2 3
Information Systems Development CO 3
Information Systems Development SE 2 3
Digital Innovation CO 6
Digital Innovation LE 4 6
Data Science CO 6
Data Science LE 4 6
Enterprise Architecture Management CO 3
Enterprise Architecture Management SE 2 3
Elective I MG See Table 7. 3
Digital Business CO 3
Digital Business SE 1.6 3
Cross-Faculty Elective II MG 3
CO = compulsory modules; MG = module groups that categorise optional compulsory modules; LE = lec-
tures; SE = seminars

Table 6: Third-semester module structure

Semester Module Type Class hours/week (in ECTS

Course(s) in the module units of 45 minutes) credits
3 Emerging IT Topics CO 3
Emerging IT Topics LE 2 3
Human-Centred Design CO 3
Human-Centred Design LE 2 3
Elective II MG See Table 7. 3
Elective III MG See Table 7. 3
Elective IV MG See Table 7. 3
Research Methods CO 3
Research Methods LE 2 3
Research Seminar CO 3
Research Seminar SE 2 3
Project Seminar CO 6
Project Seminar SE 2.4 6
Cross-Faculty Elective III MG 3
CO = compulsory modules; MG = module groups that categorise optional compulsory modules; LE = lec-
tures; SE = seminars

In addition, students take four elective modules in the second and third semesters. They can combine these courses
however they like as long as they take at least four electives that are worth a total of twelve ECTS credits. Third-
semester elective modules are only held when at least five students register for them, but second-semester elec-
tive modules are held in any case. Table 7 provides an overview of the electives students can choose.

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 Table 7: Electives module structure

Semester Module Type Class hours/week (in ECTS

Course(s) in the module units of 45 minutes) credits
2 BPM and Organisational Practice OC 3
BPM and Organisational Practice LE 2 3
Network and System Security OC 3
Network and System Security LE 2 2
Network and System Security EX 1 1
Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning OC 3
Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning LE 2 3
3 Intrusion Detection and Mitigation OC 3
Intrusion Detection and Mitigation LE 2 3
Security Management OC 3
Security Management LE 2 3
Business Process Analysis OC 3
Business Process Analysis LE 2 3
Business Process Implementation OC 3
Business Process Implementation LE 2 3
Supply Chain Management OC 3
Supply Chain Management LE 2 3
Multiple Linear Regression OC 3
Multiple Linear Regression LE 2 3
Advanced Machine Learning OC 3
Advanced Machine Learning LE 2 3
Data Visualisation OC 3
Data Visualisation LE 2 3
OC = optional compulsory modules; LE = lectures; EX = exercises

The fourth semester focuses on the master’s thesis, which must be presented and defended before a panel of
experts. Table 8 provides an overview.

Table 8: Fourth-semester module structure

Semester Module Type Class hours/week (in ECTS

Course(s) in the module units of 45 minutes) credits
4 Master’s Thesis CO 1 27
Master’s Thesis TH 26
Presentation and Defence PD 1 1
Cross-Faculty Elective IV MG 3
CO = compulsory modules; MG = module groups that categorise optional compulsory modules; TH = the
thesis; and PD = thesis presentation and defence

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Finally, students must take four cross-faculty electives during their studies – one elective per semester. The course
offerings for cross-faculty electives vary and are available online. One cross-faculty elective can be substituted
with one of the elective modules listed in Table 7.

4. Module handbook

The current module descriptions are accessible via the university intranet.

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