Bangladesh Economic Review 2019

CHAPTER TEN
POWER AND ENERGY

At present, 93 percent people of Bangladesh have access to electricity facilities. There is

enormous demand for electricity, oil, gas and natural resources in agriculture, industry and
service sector as well as daily life of Bangladesh. In this context, the government is giving top
priority to the development of power and energy sector. During FY2018-19(up to February
2019), total installed electricity generation capacity stood at 18,079 MW, which was 21,169
MW including captive and renewable energy. The highest generation was 11,623 MW up to
February 2019. Total net electricity production was 62,678 million kilowatt-hours in FY2017-
18 and in the first seven months of FY2018-19 (up to January 2019) total net electricity
production stood at 41,125 million kilowatt-hours. Out of total net generation, 48 percent
power was generated by public sector, 40 percent power from private sector and 12 percent
from power import. In addition, total system loss of transmission and distribution of electricity
substantially declined to 10.90 percent in FY2018-19 (up to December 2018) from 15.73
percent in FY2009-10. At present, the total distribution line is 5.02 lakh kilometer and total
consumer is 3.27 crore. According to Power System Master Plan (PSMP) 2016, the government
has set a target to increase installed electricity generation capacity to 24,000 MW by 2021,
40,000 MW by 2030 and 60,000 MW by 2041. On the other hand, natural gas met almost 71
percent of the country's total commercial use of energy. A total of 27 gas fields have been
discovered from which about 15.94 trillion cubic feet gas has been produced cumulatively (up
to June 2018) and leaving recoverable net at 11.92 trillion cubic feet. Besides, the country has
about 13.27 lakh metric tonnes reserve fuel oil. In order to meet the growing demands of
natural gas and fuel oil and to secure energy supply of the country in long term, the
highest emphasis is given on the diversification of energy sources, particularly on the
efficient and best use of energy.

Power Sector renewable energy, total installed capacity was

At present, about 93 percent people of the 21,169 MW. At present, per capita generation
country are covered by electricity facilities is 464 kWh (including captive). With a view
(including renewable energy). The to bring 100 percent population under
government took several initiatives such as electricity coverage, the government has been
instant, short, medium and long term plan to taken various initiatives to improve the
meet the increasing demand of electricity. In distribution system. Up to February 2019,
FY2018-19 (up to February 2019), total grid about 3.27 crore consumers are connected
based installed capacity was 18,079 MW with the national grid of 5.02 lakh km.
including 9,065 MW in public sector, 7,854 Performance of electricity sector has been
MW in private sector and 1,160 MW increased significantly due to constant
imported from India. Including captive and monitoring and evaluation. System loss of
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electricity decreased to 10.90 present in A. Power Generation

FY2018-19 (up to December 2018) from Power Generation Capacity
15.73 percent in FY2009-10. To bring all
In FY2018-19 (up to February 2019) total
citizens of the country under electricity
grid based installed capacity was 18,079 MW
benefits by 2021 the government is
including 9,065 MW in public sector; 7,854
continuing development, reform and
MW in private sector and 1,160 MW from
reconstruction activities in power sector. In
power trade. Including captive and renewable
order to achieve the government's vision
energy, the total installed capacity was 21,169
2021, there are plans to generate 24,000 MW
MW. The highest generation was 11,623 MW
by 2021, 40,000 MW by 2030 and 60,000
up to February 2019.
MW by 2041.
The installed capacity of power generation by
fuel type and ownership in FY2018-19 (up to
February 2019) is shown in Figures 10.1 and
10.2 respectively.

Figure 10.1: Installed Capacity (by Fuel Type) Figure 10.2: Installed Capacity (By Sector)
Installed Capacity by Fuel Type
(February 2019) Installed Capacity by Sector Wise
Renewable (February 2019)
Power Energy Diesel
Import 9.82% Private
0.13% Public Sector,
6.42% Sector, 44.00%
Coal 2.90% 50.00%

Natural Gas
56.50% Furnace Oil
22.97% Power
Import,
Total Installed Capacity: 18,079 MW Hyrdo
Total Installed Capacity: 18,079 MW 6.00%
1.27%

Source: Power Division *Up to February 2019.

Power Generation (Million kWh) plants and 12 percent from power import. The
share of Gas, Hydro, Coal, Import, liquid fuel
In the first seven months of FY2018-19 (up to
and renewable energy generation were 65.22
January 2019) a total of 41,125 million kWh
percent, 1.28 percent, 1.34 percent, 11.63
net energy was generated including 19,921
percent, 20.49 percent and 0.04 percent
million kWh from public sector and 21,204
respectively. Fuel wise and sector wise net
million kWh from private sector power
energy generation in FY2018-19 (up to
plants. Out of total net generation, 48 percent
January 2019) are shown in figure 10.3 and
power was generated by public sector power
10.4 respectively.
plants, 40 percent power from private power

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Figure 10.3: Energy Generation (National) by Fuel Figure 10.4: Energy Generation (National) by Sector

Energy Generation by Fyel Type Energy Generation by Sector Wise

Till Janury 2019 Renewable Till January 2019
Power
Import Energy
Public
11.63% 0.04% Private
48.00%
40.00%
Coal
1.34%

Power
Fuel
Import
20.49%
Gas 65.22% Hydro 12.00%
1.28%

Total Net Generation: 41,125 MkWh Total Net Generation 41,125 MkWh
Source: Power Division *Up to January 2019.

Maximum Power Generation MW which was increased to 11,623 MW in

FY2018-19 (up to February 2019). The
From the historical data it is evident that in installed capacity and maximum generation
FY2009-10 maximum generation was 4,606 since FY2009-10 are presented in Table 10.1.
Table 10.1: Installed Capacity and Maximum Generation

Fiscal Year Installed capacity MW Maximum generation MW

2009-10 5823 4606
2010-11 7264 4890
2011-12 8716 6066
2012-13 9151 6434
2013-14 10416 7356
2014-15 11534 7817
2015-16 12365 9036
2016-17 13555 9479
2017-18 15953 10958
2018-19* 18079 11623
Source: Power Division, *up to February 2019.

Fuel Consumption for Power Generation generation, 615 million liter furnace oil and
The natural gas consumption in public sector 795 million liter diesel oil have been used by
public sector power plants during FY2017-18.
power plant was 166 billion cubic feet in
In FY2018-19, as of January, natural gas
FY2009-10 which has been increased to 211
consumption in public sector power plants
billion cubic feet during FY2017-18. Coal has
was 153 billion cubic feet and consumption
been used as fuel for the first time during
of furnace oil and diesel oil were 259 and 307
FY2005-06. The total consumption of coal
million liter respectively. The consumption of
for electricity generation was 825 thousand
natural gas and liquid fuel since FY2009-10
tonnes during FY2017-18. For power
are given in Table 10.2.

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Table: 10.2: Fuel Consumption by Public Sector Power Plants

Natural gas Coal Liquid Fuel (Million Liter)
Fiscal Year
(Billion cft) (1000 Tonne) Furnace Oil HSD, SKO & LDO
2009-10 166 480 91 125
2010-11 150 410 119 138
2011-12 151 449 172 60
2012-13 175 590 266 35
2013-14 183 539 424 175
2014-15 180 522 378 291
2015-16 207 489 439 238
2016-17 215 587 513 348
2017-18 211 825 615 795
2018-19* 153 256 259 307
Source: Power Division * up to January 2019

Power Sector Development and Future the electricity for all by 2021. As per PSMP
Plan 2016, power generation capacity will be
‘Power System Master Plan 2016 (PSMP)’ 24000 MW by 2021, 40000 MW by 2030 and
60000 MW by 2041. Table 10.3 shows power
has been prepared based on the availability of
sector development and future plan of the
primary fuel supply for mitigating the
government up to 2041
growing demand of electricity and to provide

Table 10.3: Power Sector Development and Future plan

2019 2030 (PSMP 2041(PSMP
SL Description 2021(PSMP 2010) 2010) 2016)
(February)
1. Installed Capacity (MW)* 21169 24000 40000 60000
2. Electricity Demand (MW) 13000-13500 19000 33000 52000
3. Transmission Line (Ckt. KM) 11396 12000 27300 34850
4. Substation Capacity (MVA) 39677 46450 120000 261000
5. Distribution Line (KM) 502000 515000 526000 530000
6. Per Capita Power Generation
464 700 815 1475
(KWh)
7. Access to Electricity (%) 93% 100% 100% 100%
Source: Power Division *Including 3,090 MW Captive and RE

Power Generation Projects Table 10.4: Power Generation Projects

Several projects are underway both in public (Under Construction)
and private sectors. At present, total 53 power Sector No. of Projects Capacity (MW)
plants are under construction with 14,202 Public Sector 19 7991
MW capacity in which 19 are public power Private Sector 34 6211
Total (Under 53 14202
plants with 7,991MW capacity and 34 are Construction)
private power plants with 6,211MW capacity. Source: Power Division
It is expected that most of the power plants
Among them mentionable projects are:
will go to power generation by 2023. The
Public Sector
expected power generation targets under
 Siddirganj 335 MW CCPP
ongoing projects are summarised in Table
 Ghorasal 206 MW CCPP
10.4.
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 Khulna 330 MW CCPP kV line were 838 ckt km and 4,755 ckt km
 Bibiana 400 MW CCPP (3rd unit) respectively. At present (up to February
 Bibiana 383 MW CCPP 2019), the lengths of 400kV, 230 kV and 132
 Patuakhali 1320 MW Coal based Power kV transmission lines are 697.76 ckt km,
Plant 3,371.67 ckt km and 7,328.64 ckt km
 Matarbari 1200 MW CCPP respectively. Now there are two HVDC back-
 1320 MW BIAF Power Company ltd. to-back substation with total capacity of
1,000 MW, four 400/230 kV grid substations
Private Sector
of 3,250 MVA, one 400/132 kV grid
 Maowa-Munsiganj 522 MW coal based
substation of 650 MVA, 26 of 230/132 kV
 Khulna 630 MW coal based
grid substations of 13,135 MVA capacity,
 Anowara 300 MW coal based
132 nos 132/33 kV grid substations of
 Barisal 307 MW coal based
capacity 22,641.5 MVA, 450 MVAR
 Dhaka 635 MW coal based
capacitor bank in 132 kV bus in 8 substations
 Chattogram 1224 MW coal based
and 1,340 MVAR capacitor bank in 33 kV
B. Transmission System bus in 46 substations in the country. At
Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Ltd. present, the total length of installed
(PGCB) transmission line is 11,396 ckt km.
Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Ltd. Combining all the grid substations of
(PGCB) is responsible for operation, different organizations of Power Division and
maintenance and development of other private organizations there are total of
transmission system all over Bangladesh. At 163 grid substations with total capacity of
present, power generated in different power 39,676.50 MVA and 2 HVDC stations with
plants is transmitted to the national grid total capacity of 1000MW. Table 10.5 shows
through 400 kV, 230 kV and 132 kV transmission system and sub-station
transmission lines. In 1996, when PGCB was infrastructure by PGCB.
formed, the total lengths of 230 kV and 132

Table-10.5: Transmission System and Substation Infrastructure by PGCB

Fiscal Transmission System (ckt km) 400 kV 400/230/132 230/132 kV 132/33 kV
Year HVDC kV station Substation Substation
Substation
400 kV 230 kV 132 kV No MW No MVA No MVA No MVA
2009-10 - 2647.30 5670.30 - - - - 13 6300.00 75 7844.00
2010-11 - 2647.30 6018.00 - - - - 13 6675.00 81 8437.00
2011-12 - 2647.30 6080.00 - - - - 13 6675.00 83 8737.00
2012-13 - 3020.77 6080.00 - - - - 15 6975.00 84 9705.00
2013-14 164.70 3044.70 6120.00 01 500 - - 18 8775.00 86 10714.00
2014-15 164.70 3171.45 6358.83* 01 500 01 520 19 9075.00 89 11964.00
2015-16 220.70 3171.45 6396.83* 01 500 01 520 19 9375.00 90 12420.00
2016-17 559.75 3312.99 6503.95* 01 500 02 1690 19 9675.00 91 13364.50
2017-18 559.75 3324.99 6795.89* 01 500 03 2210 19 9675.00 91 15045.50
2018-19* 697.76 3371.67 7328.64* 02 1000 05 3900 26 13135.00 132 22641.50
Source: Power Division*with 85.2 ckt km **up to February 2019.

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C. Power Distribution System network in order to bring 100 percent

populations under electricity coverage by
At present the following six organisations are
2021 as well as to improve the customer
responsible for electricity distribution:
service. Up to February 2019, about 3.27
1. Bangladesh Power Development Board crore consumers are connected with the grid
(BPDB) through construction of 5.02 lakh km.
2. Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board distribution lines. Power Division has
(BREB) implemented some major power distribution
3. Dhaka Power Distribution Company expansion projects to increase the distribution
(DPDC) network.
4. Dhaka Electric Supply Company
(DESCO) Inter-Utility Energy Import
5. West Zone Power Distribution Company The distribution utilities have imported
(WZPDC) 59,000 MKWh and 33,000 MKWh electricity
6. Northern Electricity Supply Company Ltd at 33 KV and 132 KV level during FY2017-
(NESCO) 18 and FY2018-19 (up to December 2018)
Power Distribution Projects respectively, which is shown in figure 10.5
and 10.6.
An integrated power distribution program has
been undertaken to increase the distribution

Figure 10.5: Power Import and Agency Wise Figure 10.6: Power Import and Agency Wise
Distribution (2017-18) Distribution (2018-19)

NESCO
6.20% BPDB BPDP
NESCO
14.50% 13.80%
WZPDCL 6.00%
REB REB
5.40% 51.80%
50.20%
WZPDCL
5.30%

Desco DESCO
8.90% 8.70%

DPDC
DPDC 14.40%
14.80%
Total Electricity Import for FY2017-18 Total Electricity Import 2018-19 (up to Dec'18)
59,000 MKWh 33,000 MKWh
Source: Power Division. * up to December 2018

System Loss performance monitoring of the utilities

System loss is one of the key performance reforms and target-oriented measures are
indicators of the distribution entities. To being implemented to reduce the system loss.
achieve desired performance of the sector, The system loss from FY2009-10 to FY2018-
system loss needs to be further reduced. 19 (up to December 2018) is shown in Table
Various measures, such as continuous 10.6 and in figure10. 7
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Table 10.6: Year- wise System Loss Table 10.7: Year wise Accounts Receivable
Statistics Fiscal year Accounts Receivable
(Equivalent Months)
Distribution Total Loss 2009-10 2.40
Fiscal Year
Loss (%) (T&D)% 2010-11 2.22
2009-10 13.49 15.73 2011-12 2.21
2010-11 12.75 14.73 2012-13 2.06
2011-12 12.26 14.61 2013-14 2.04
2012-13 12.03 14.36 2014-15 2.01
2013-14 11.96 14.13 2015-16 2.00
2014-15 11.36 13.55 2016-17 1.95
2015-16 10.96 13.10 2017-18 1.71
2016-17 9.98 12.19 2018-19* 1.87
2017-18 9.60 11.87 Source: Power Division *Up to November 2018
2018-19* 8.49 10.90
Source: Power Division * up to December 2018 Figure 10.8: Year Wise Accounts Receivable

Figure 10.7: Year Wise System Loss Statistics Accounts Receivable

3 2.4 2.22 2.21
2.06 2.04 2.01 2 1.95 1.71 1.87
Transmission and Distribution Loss % 2
1
20
15.73 14.73 14.61
14.36 14.13 13.55
13.1 12.19
0
15 11.87 10.9

10
5
0 Source: Power Division *Up to November 2018

Pre-Paid Meter
To improve power distribution system, 15.87
Source: Power Division * upto December 2018
lakh prepaid meters have been installed by
different entities. Till January 2019, BPDB,
Accounts Receivable BREB, DPDC, DESCO, WZPDCL and
To improve financial viability and efficiency NESCO installed 8,61,199; 61,500; 3,20,580;
of the sector, the government adopts a 2,51,331; 73,299 and 18,894 numbers of
financial action plan to maintain power sector prepaid meters respectively. In addition,
receivable at no more than 2 months' billed installation of 2 crore smart-prepaid-meters is
amount equivalent and reduce receivables underway. Moreover, due to introduction of
from autonomous, public entities and private prepaid meters, system loss has been reduced
customers to an acceptable limit. From significantly and also consumption pattern
FY2009-10 to FY2018-19 year wise accounts has also been changed. Power Division has
receivables are shown in Table 10.7 and in set a target to bring all large and medium
figure 10.8. consumers under prepaid meter. The list of
installed prepaid meters up to January 2019
has been shown in Table 10.8

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Table:10.8: Installation of prepaid meters Samities has connected total consumer 2.50
Utility Single Three Total crore. Among them 2.27 crore domestic, 2.58
Phase phase
BPDB 843514 17685 861199 lakh irrigation, 15.52 lakh commercial, 1.72
REB 60900 600 61500 lakh industrial, 3.11 lakh Charitable, 795
DPDC 298905 21675 320580
DESCO 237989 13342 251331 construction, 811 temporary, 21,349 street
WZPDCO 70872 2427 73299 light and 391 general. As many as 77.80
NESCO 18435 459 18894
Total 1530615 56188 1586803
thousands villages are electrified by
Source: Power division * up to January 2019 constructing 4.44 lakh km distribution lines.
D. Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board Target and achievement of line construction
(BREB) and consumer connection of BREB from
FY2009-10 to FY2018-19 is shown in Table
Up to January 2019 Bangladesh Rural 10.9.
Electrification Board with its 80 Palli Bidyut
Table 10.9: Physical Target and Achievement of BREB
Fiscal Year Distribution Line (Km) Consumer Connection
Target Achievement Target Achievement
2009-10 2852 2713 - 461417
2010-11 2095 3028 - 259548
2011-12 7700 10049 - 723713
2012-13 10222 10279 - 304417
2013-14 16971 17544 - 758932
2014-15 18750 18698 - 1839064
2015-16 20000 31612 1500000 3597883
2016-17 25000 36554 2000000 3511573
2017-18 30000 54886 3200000 3851143
2018-19* 50000 38379 2000000 2143840
Source: Rural Electrification Board (REB) * Up to January 2019.

Projects under Implementation of BREB Expansion of rural electrification and

development and up-gradation of existing
In order to achieve 100 percent
distribution system is growing rapidly by
electrification, presently 17 projects are being
implementing running projects, where three
implemented under BREB against which
projects are for system upgradation, one
nearly Tk.7,478.92 crore has been allocated
project for pre-payment e-metering, two
in the Revised Annual Development Program
projects for technical assistance, one project
of FY2018-19. In addition, under climate
for overloaded transformer replacement and
change trust fund of Ministry of Forestry,
other ten are for Line Construction and
Environment and climate change 15 upazila
Consumer Connection. By these projects
complex is successfully electrified
38,379 km new distribution line construction/
implementing a project ‘Electrification in
renovation and 198 sub-stations construction/
local area (upazila complex) by using solar
augmentation will be established. By this
energy’.
construction line planned to connect 21.4 lakh
different category consumers and to install 10

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lakh pre-paid meter under rural Efficiency and Conservation Rules and
electrification. Action Plan’ to ensure energy efficiency and
conservation where numbers of interventions
E. Sustainable Energy Development have been identified for implementation
Renewable Energy within stipulated time. The government set a
target to improve energy efficiency in the
The government has planned to produce
Seventh Five Year Plan (2016-2020) and also
electricity through coal, dual fuel and nuclear
in the Master Plan for energy security and to
power to reduce the dependence on natural
reduce carbon emission. The target is:
gas. Apart from this, government has taken
different steps to produce environment- ● Save 15 percent primary energy per GDP
friendly electricity from renewable energy. by 2021
After formulation of renewable energy policy, ● Save 20 percent primary energy per GDP
it has been implemented from 2009. The by 2030.
government has established ‘Sustainable and
Renewable Energy Development Authority Recent Achievement in Energy Efficiency
(SREDA)’ in 2014 under Sustainable and Improvement:
Renewable Energy Development Authority  ‘Energy Efficiency and Conservation
Act, 2012 to facilitate sustainable energy i.e. Rules 2016’ has been formulated
renewable energy as well as energy
 ‘Energy Audit Regulation 2018’ has been
efficiency. According to the law, SREDA was
formulated
established for effective utilisation and
conservation of renewable energy both in  ‘Energy Efficiency and Conservation
public and private sector. To monitor and co- Promotion Financing Project’ has been
ordinate renewable energy and efficiency of started to promote energy efficiency in
energy related issue different agencies are industries as well as in residential sector
working with SREDA. At present, 572.63 through introducing energy efficient
MW electricity is being generated from equipment, appliances and electrical
renewable sources. Furthermore, 543.08 MW gadgets at 4 percent interest loan
renewable projects are under construction and  Credit facilities have been created in
1416.41 MW renewable projects are under Bangladesh Bank for environment
planning. friendly and green industries
 Provision of Energy Efficiency and
Energy Efficiency (EE) and Energy
Energy Conservation has been included in
Conservation (EC)
‘Bangladesh National Building Code
The government has undertaken a number of  Energy Efficiency and Conservation
initiatives to ensure efficient use of energy. In topics have been included in text book of
the meantime, the government has formulated school, college and madrasa
‘Energy Efficiency and Conservation Master  Energy Saving School Awareness
Plan up to 2030’ as well as ‘Energy Program has been introduced
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 Preparation and implementation of ● First Concrete Pouring (FCD) ceremony of

Country Action Plan for Clean Cook the Rooppur NPP Unit-2 was inaugurated
Stove by the Honorable Prime Minister on 14
 Initiate a pilot project for waste heat July 2018. FCD ceremony of of the
recovery form the exhaust of power plant Rooppur NPP Unit-1 was inaugurated by
and their productive use and the Honorable Prime Minister on 30
 Implementation of Improved Rice November 2017
Parboiling System. ● A joint meeting with the contractor
institution of Russian Federation was held
Renewable Energy Program of BREB on 25-27 September 2018 to achieve M0
BREB is the pioneer of Solar Home System milestones
through the first ever Renewable Energy ● Meeting between Russian and Bangladesh
project in Bangladesh in 1993. Since then Party was held from 25-29 October 2018
BREB has installed 51,364 Solar Home to finalise the Supplementary Contracts
Systems (SHSs), 37 rooftop/hybrid type between Russian Federation and Peoples’
rooftop solar power plants, 40 solar powered Republic of Bangladesh
irrigation pumps, 14 Solar Charging Station ● The 20th Coordination meeting between
and 40Net Metering System. The total Russian Contractor Atomstroyexport and
capacities of the installed plants are about Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission
13.31 MWp. was held on 26 November 2018 in order to
resolve issues related to the construction of
F. Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant and
● A meeting was arranged on 10-15
Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant is one of the December 2018 to negotiate the Nuclear
top priority projects of the government. Fuel Supply Contract in Dhaka.
Considering geological, geophysical and
G. Regional Power Cooperation
meteorological data of Rooppur Nuclear
Power Plant site, different feasibility studies To enhance the development of power sector
have been done by Bangladesh Atomic Bangladesh government is working with
Energy Commission (BAEC). To meet the neighboring countries as well as UN-ESCAP,
growing electricity demand of the country, SAARC, BIMSTEC, SASEC and D-8 for
the First Concrete Pouring (FCD) of Unit 1 regional cooperation. Also Bangladesh has
and Unit 2 was done to get 2×1200 MW taken initiative in cross border trade of
energy from this nuclear power plant by 2023 electricity through bilateral cooperation with
and 2024 respectively. In this regard the some Nepal, Bhutan and Myanmar. Effort has been
important steps which have been completed taken to import hydro power from Nepal. A
during the period July 2018 – February 2019 Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
are as follows: between Bangladesh and Myanmar is
underway. Discussion is going on to import

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electricity from Bhutan. Collaboration effort China Cooperation in Bangladesh Power

with the SAARC countries is continued. Sector and Investment Opportunity
Electricity Import from India A MoU has been signed between Bangladesh
and China on 21 October 2012 to enhance
500 MW power is being imported from
cooperation in power sector. As a result,
Boharampur, India since 5 October 2013.
cooperation and investment opportunity in
Additional 500 MW power also imported
Bangladesh power sector will be extended.
from Boharampur after enhancement of the
For this reason, both of countries will
same grid substation capacity by June 2018.
contribute to uplift the mutual trade and
Besides 160 MW power is being imported
economic cooperation. Electricity generation,
from Palatana, Tripura state since March
transmission, distribution, energy efficiency,
2016. A feasibility study on grid
renewable energy has been identified as the
interconnection facilities is going on to
scopes of cooperation. In addition,
import additional 2,000 MW hydro power
BIMSTEC cooperation activities are going on
from India. Moreover, 1,300 MW Rampal
among the member countries. A significant
coal based power plant is under
development has been done in case of
implementation through joint venture with
establishing BIMSTEC Grid.
National Thermal Power Company Limited
(NTPC), India. Oil, Gas and Mineral Resources

Electricity import from Myanmar The main purpose of oil, gas and mineral
In 2010 a discussion was held with Myanmar resource sector is to meet energy demand of
government to import 500 MW power. With the country by undertaking exploration,
this reference, MoU will be signed with production, development and appraisal of oil
Myanmar. and gas fields and subsequent energy reserve
enhancement. The main aim of the sector is to
Electricity Import from Bhutan reduce extreme dependence on natural gas
An initiative has been taken to import hydro through diversification of energy-mix and
power from Bhutan. A tripartite MoU is at alternative/renewable energy resource usage,
final stage between Bangladesh, India and balanced and synchronised development of
Bhutan in order to construct a power plant gas production, transmission and distribution
through joint investment. Discussion is going activities, encourage participation of private
on to establish Katihar-Parbotipur entrepreneurs in oil and gas exploration,
/Baropukuria-Baronagar 765 KV grid production and distribution.
interconnection facilities.
Natural Gas Reserves
Electricity Import from Nepal Natural gas accounts for 71 percent of the
A MoU has been signed with GMR group, commercial energy of the country. Till now,
India and NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Ltd 27 gas fields have been discovered in the
(NVVN) in order to import 500 MW country. According to the latest estimation of
electricity from Nepal. Petrobangla total initial gas in place (GIIP) is
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39.80 trillion cubic feet (TCF), of which cumulatively and leaving recoverable 11.92
27.81 TCF is recoverable in proven and TCF. Status of field-wise gas production and
probable categories. From 1960 to Jun 2018, reserves is presented in Table 10.10.
total 15.94 TCF gas was produced

Table 10.10: Status of Gas Production and Reserve

(Billion Cubic Feet)

Cum. Net
Product.
Producing Recoverable Reserve Product. Recoverable
Gas field GIIP FY2017-
Wells as of Reserve
18
Jun-2018 (Jul-2018)
1P 2P 3P
Titas 26 8148.9 5384.0 6367.0 6517.0 195.2 4518.7 1848.3
Habiganj 7 3684.0 2647.0 2647.0 3096.0 79.9 2393.0 254.0
Bakhrabad 6 1701.0 1052.9 1231.5 1339.0 12.0 821.8 409.7
Narsingdi 2 369.0 218.0 276.8 299.0 10.0 196.1 80.7
Meghna 1 122.1 52.5 69.9 101.0 4.6 68.2 1.7
Sylhet 1 370.0 256.5 318.9 332.0 1.8 214.4 104.5
Kailashtilla 4 3610.0 2390.0 2760.0 2760.0 23.0 682.3 2077.7
Rashidpur 5 3650.0 1060.0 2433.0 3113.0 19.5 615.4 1817.6
Beanibazar 2 230.7 150.0 203.0 203.0 3.5 100.6 102.4
Saldanadi 1 379.9 79.0 279.0 327.0 1.1 89.6 189.4
Fenchuganj 2 553.0 229.0 381.0 498.0 4.7 157.0 224.0
shahbazpur 3 920.0 0.0 644.0 0.0 15.3 47.6 596.4
Semutang 2 653.8 151.0 317.7 375.1 0.5 12.9 304.8
Sundalpur 1 62.2 25.0 35.1 43.5 0.9 10.9 24.2
Srikail 3 240.0 96.0 161.0 161.0 12.9 74.3 86.7
Begumganj 0 100.0 14.0 70.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 69.1
Jalalabad 7 1491.0 823.0 1184.0 1184.0 91.9 1234.2 0.0
Moulavibazar 6 1053.0 405.0 428.0 812.0 12.4 316.3 111.7
Bibiyana 26 8350.0 4415.0 5754.0 7084.0 446.4 3379.3 2374.7
Bangura 5 1198.0 379.0 522.0 941.0 32.9 410.3 111.7
Total 110 36886.6 19826.9 26082.9 29185.6 968.5 15343.6 10789.5
Non Producing
Kutubdia 65.0 45.5 45.5 45.5 0.0 0.0 45.5
Bhola North 600.0 0.0 420.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420.0
Total 665.0 45.5 465.5 45.5 0.0 0.0 465.5
Production suspended
Sangu 899.6 544.4 577.8 638.7 0.0 487.9 89.9
Chhatak 1039.0 265.0 474.0 727.0 0.0 26.5 447.5
Kamta 71.8 50.3 50.3 50.3 0.0 21.1 29.2
Feni 185.2 125.0 125.0 175.0 0.0 62.4 62.6
Rupgonj 48.0 0.0 33.6 0.0 0.3 0.7 32.9
Total 2243.6 984.7 1260.7 1591.0 0.3 598.5 662.1
Grand Total 39795.2 20857.1 27809.1 30822.1 968.8 15942.2 11917.1
In TCF 39.8 20.9 27.8 30.8 0.97 15.9 11.9
Source: Petrobangla.

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Natural Gas Production and Sector-wise FY2016-17 while 968.7 billion cubic feet
Consumption (BCF) gas was produced in the FY2017-18.
Natural gas is the main source of fuel for Year-wise/sector-wise natural gas production
power, fertiliser, industrial, commercial and and consumption from FY2009-10 to
domestic sectors. A total of 969.2 billion FY2017-18 are shown in Table 10.11 and
cubic feet (BCF) gas was produced in the figure 10.7 and 10.8.
Table 10.11: Production of Natural Gas and its Consumption by Sector
(In billion cubic feet)
FY Production Consumption
Power Captive Fertilizer Industry Tea Com. Dom. CNG Total
Power Estate
2009-10 703.6 283.3 112.6 64.7 118.8 0.8 8.1 82.2 37.2 707.6
2010-11 708.9 275.8 121.6 58.9 122.1 0.8 8.5 87.4 38.5 713.6
2011-12 743.7 302.3 124.2 58.5 128.3 0.8 8.6 89.2 38.3 750.4
2012-13 800.6 328.8 134.1 60.0 135.7 0.8 8.8 89.7 40.2 798.1
2013-14 820.4 337.4 143.8 53.8 141.9 0.8 8.9 101.5 40.1 828.1
2014-15 892.2 354.8 150.0 53.8 147.7 0.8 9.1 118.2 42.9 877.3
2015-16 973.2 399.6 160.8 52.6 156.0 0.9 9.0 141.5 46.5 966.9
2016-17 969.2 403.6 160.5 49.1 163.1 1.0 8.7 154.4 47.0 987.3
2017-18 968.7 398.6 160.5 43.0 166.6 0.9 8.2 158.0 46.2 982.0
Source: Petrobangla, Energy and Mineral Resources Division

Sector wise gas consumption pattern in Figure 10.9 and Figure 10.10.
FY2016-17 and FY2017-18 are given in

Figure: 10.9: Category-wise Gas Consumption Figure: 10.10: Category-wise Gas Consumption
FY2016-17 FY2017-18 (Up to Dec)
Captive
Captive Power 16.35%
Power
16.26% 40.60%
40.88% Fertilizer
Fertilizer 4.38%
4.97%
Industry
16.96%
Industries
16.52%
Tea 0.10%
Commercial Tea 0.10%
CNG 0.88%
Domestic Commercial
4.76%
15.64% CNG 4.70% 0.83%
Domestic
Total 987.3 BCF Total 982.0 BCF 16.09%

Source: Petrobangla.

Demand Forcast for Natural Gas mmcfd in 2025 and 1,669 mmcfd in 2030.
Demand for natural gas is increasing along with At present, the demand for natural gas in
the increasing demand for electricity. The industry sector is fixed at 600 mmcfd which
demand for natural gas in power sector is is expected to reach 1,200 mmcfd in 2030.
1,246 mmcfd in 2019 which is expected to For domestic use this demand has been
increase to 1,413 mmcfd in 2021, 1,432 targeted at 432 mmcfd in 2019 to 2030.

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Bangladesh Economic Review 2019

Table 10.12 shows sector-wise average gas demand forecast from 2019 to 2030.
Table 10.12: Sector-wise Average Gas Demand Forecast (From 2019 to 2030)
(mmcfd)
Sector 2019 2021 2025 2030
Power 1246 1413 1432 1669
Captive 520 480 300 186
Domestic 432 432 432 432
Industry 600 750 1000 1200
Fertilizer 200 200 200 200
CNG 150 150 150 150
Others 35 38 40 45
Total 3183 3463 3554 3882
Source: Petrobangla, Energy and Mineral Resources Division

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) through pipeline directly for mother tanker. A
project is going on to construct pipeline for
In order to meet demand-supply gap and
transporting diesel from Chattogram to
future growth of energy, the government has
Dhaka. Another pipeline construction is in
taken steps to import LNG. According to the
progress to transport aviation fuel from
decision of the government, Petrobangla has
Pitolganj to Kurmitola Aviation Depot,
signed two separate agreements with
Dhaka. A pipeline will be constructed from
‘Exelerate Energy Bangladesh Limited
Shiliguri, India to Parbotipur depot,
(EEBL)’ and ‘Summit LNG Terminal Co.
Bangladesh to import diesel from India to
(Pvt.) Ltd.’ for installation of two ‘Floating
ensure fast, smooth and uninterrupted supply
Storage and Regasification Units (FSRU)’ at
of petroleum to northern region of
Moheshkhali. The FSRUs will have a storage
Bangladesh.
capacity of 1,38,000 cubic meters each.

Petroleum Products Information regarding imported crude oil and

Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC) refined petroleum products during FY2009-
imports, acquires, stores and markets 10 to FY2018-19 is shown in Tables 10.13
petroleum products. It develops and maintains and 10.14.
storage facilities to preserve sufficient stock
Table 10.13: Import of Crude Oil
of petroleum products. The current storage
FY Quantity C and F Crore
capacity of petroleum products is around (Metric Value/ Taka
13.27 lakh metric tonnes. BPC has taken tonnes) Million
US$
initiative to set up a new unit of existing 2009-10 1136567 646.21 4491.41
refinery named ERL Unit-2 and total crude 2010-11 1409302 978.81 7037.00
2011-12 1085937 919.26 7053.51
oil processing capacity will be 45 lakh metric 2012-13 1292102 1060.30 8536.70
tonnes of both units. Construction of the 2013-14 1176693 968.55 7957.29
2014-15 1303194 734.00 5739.35
project Installation of Single Point Mooring 2015-16 1093120 336.49 3225.92
(SPM) with double pipelines is going on. It 2016-17 1391629 514.10 4132.35
2017-18 1173647 565.99 4603.81
will be possible to discharge annually 90 lakh
2018-19* 873275 461.03 3779.12
metric tonnes crude and refined petroleum Source: Energy and Mineral Resources Division * Up to February
2019.

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Bangladesh Economic Review 2019

Table: 10.14: Import of Refined Petroleum Products

FY Diesel, Lubricating Base Oil Furnace Oil
Octane and Jet A-1
Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value
(Metric (Crore Taka) (Metric (Crore Taka) (Metric (Crore Taka)
tonne) tonne) tonne)
2009-10 2634212 12024.18 7262 52.03 - -
2010-11 2488456 21403.69 4749 43.75 230524 1123.17
2011-12 3409934 27111.24 4980 53.11 680982 3819.07
2012-13 2827160 21949.10 4853 38.56 803603 4367.26
2013-14 3158343 23485.56 - - 1016101 5144.68
2014-15 3403890 18569.62 - - 691705 2714.30
2015-16 3337426 11110.31 - - 335150 660.52
2016-17 3871432 14433.91 - - 521199 1240.66
2017-18 4892089 23300.67 - - 650540 2091.52
2018-19* 2723289 15393.32 230593 915.57
Source: Energy and Mineral Resources Division *Up to February 2019.
Subsidy for Petroleum Products Table 10.15: Amount of Subsidy given to
Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC) BPC by the government
(In Crore Taka)
imports crude and refined oil every year FY Amount of Subsidy
according to country’s demand. There are ups 2009-10 900.00
2010-11 4000.00
and downs of refined and crude oil prices in
2011-12 8550.00
international market. So BPC has 2012-13 13558.00
continuously incurred losses due to non- 2013-14 2478.00
adjustment of oil price as well as custom duty 2014-15 600.00
2015-16 0.00
in the domestic market in conformity with
2016-17 0.00
increases of oil price in the international 2017-18 0.00
market. As a result, government had to give 2018-19* 0.00
Source: Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation * Up to February
remarkable amount of subsidy for importing 2019.
petroleum products. Since November 2014,
the price of oil has fallen in the international Mineral Resources
market. So, government did not give any The Bureau of Mineral Development (BMD)
issues exploration license and grants mining
subsidy in the FY2015-16, FY2016-17 and
FY2017-18. During running FY2018-19, lease and quarry lease for different minerals
BPC again start loss in furnace oil and diesel like coal, hard rock, peat, mineral sand,
due to oil price increased gradually in metallic minerals, white clay, silica sand,
ordinary/sand mixed stone, limestone, clay
international market. Table 10.15 shows the
etc.
amount of subsidy given to BPC by the
government from FY2009-10 to FY2018-19. Coal
In Bangladesh 5 coal field was discovered so
far. The total reserve in these 5 coal field is
about 7,962 million tonnes. The amount of
total coal extracted from reserves till
December 2018 was almost 10.40 million
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tonnes. Coal is used in various sectors along Silica Sand

with power generation and brick producing. Silica sand is available in Habiganj,
Coal is being produced from coal mine of Maulvibazar, Chattogram, Cumilla and
Parbotipur, Dinajpur through underground Sylhet. Habiganj, Moulvibazar and Sylhet
mining method till to date. By using the have 78 gazetted silica sand quarries. At
produced coal 525MW electricity is present, 5 silica sand quarries have been
generated and supplied to national grid. given lease in which 2 gazetted and 2 private
Peat in Habiganj and 1 private in Cumilla. In
Peat is discovered in Madaripur, Gopalgonj, addition, 15 more gazetted silica sand
Sunamgonj, Sylhet, Brahmanbaria, quarries are under lease process in Habiganj.
Kishorgonj and other part of the country. The
total peat stock/reserve of the country is
Heavy Minerals
about 510 MT. Peat is used as auxillary fuel.
Mineral sand/heavy mineral was found at
Hard Rock Teknaf, Maheshkhali and Bandarmokam
Total reserves of hard rock is 171 million areas in Cox's Bazar, Patuakhali, Bhola and
tonnes, of which 101 million tonnes is other coastal and riverside areas of our
extractable. In 1994, BMD has given a lease country. The chief heavy minerals are Zircon,
of 5,400 Hectare area from Parbatipur and Lucoxene, Monazite, Rutile, Illmenite and
Nawabganj upazila of Dinajpur District to Magnetite. These heavy mineral are
extract Hard Rock mining. Since the extremely valuable and have many uses.
beginning of commercial production 2007
hard rock extraction is still going on. Mineral Resources (Except Oil and Gas)
Ordinary Stone Investigation, Exploration and Evaluation
There are 50 stone/sand mixed stone gazetted In order to expedite exploration of mineral
quarries in Sylhet, Sunamganj, Panchagarh, resources and evaluate the same the
Lalmonirhat and Bandarban districts. One in Geological Survey of Bangladesh (GSB) has
Sylhet district, nine in Panchagarh district been implementing various projects. Skilled
and two stones/sand mixed stone quarries in manpower is being developed through local
Sunamganj district have been granted quarry and overseas training under different projects.
lease. Research facilities have been expanded by
procuring modern equipment to work in the
White Clay
micropaleontology, petrology-mineralogy,
White Clay was discovered in Netrokona,
analytical chemistry, engineering geology,
Sherpur, Habiganj, Maulvibazar and
geophysics, remote sensing and GIS,
Chattogram district. BMD provides quarry
sedimentology and clay mineralogy
leases for extraction of white clay which is
laboratories. Besides, Peat, Glass Sand, White
used in the ceramic industries of the country.
Clay, Construction Sand, Gravel, Limestone,
Heavy minerals have been discovered in
different parts of the country. Discovered coal

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and peat by GSB are now being used in Bangladesh’. In FY2018-19, collection
power generation and household activities. and analyses of different sand samples
from 1,800 sq. km. areas have been
Recent Achievements of GSB
completed from Brahmapurta, Meghna,
In FY2018-19 geological and
Someshawri river basin and Meghna
geomorphological mapping of 1,565 sq. km.
river delta from Chandpur to Bhola.
areas and geophysical investigation of 200 sq.
From the analyses of samples collected
km. were completed so far as against 2,600
from the mentioned areas valuable
sq. km. and 200 sq. km. respectively.
minerals like Zircon, Monazite, Ilmenite,
Coal and peat discovered by GSB is now used Rutile, Leocoxin, Kayanite, Garnet,
in power generation and house hold Magnetite etc. have been identified. The
necessities, which plays an important role in average percentage of heavy mineral is
reducing the fuel consumption. Machines for 8.92 percent which is internationally
landslide early warning systems have been acceptable.
installed in four places for public awareness
and preventive measures. Hydrocarbon Unit
Hydrocarbon Unit of Energy and Mineral
On-going Projects of GSB Resources Division provides technical
● Bangladesh with collaboration of recommendation to the Division for the
German government is implementing a development of oil, gas and mineral resources
technical assistance project ‘Geo- sector. In particular, hydrocarbon unit has
information for Urban Planning and been actively participating in the
Adaptation to Climate Change, modernisation of national fuel policy,
Bangladesh (GeoUPAC)’. In FY2018-19 finalisation of draft policy of coal,
data has been collected from the field development of gas sector, production
from about 300 Sq. km. in Barisal city distribution, supervision and monitoring of
corporation, Shathkhira, Faridpur and various agreements, purification and
Kushtia town and adjacent area under marketing management of petroleum,
this project. In this time about 220 geo- formulation of policy regarding development
engineering boreholes has been drilled of mines and mineral resources. This unit
and sample has been collected maintains a mini databank containing the
accodringly. A total of 24 Multi Channel information of gas reserve, undiscovered gas
Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) resources etc. Hydrocarbon Unit publish
survey has been completed in Barishal monthly report on 'Gas Reserve and
and Faridpur. Through this project in Production’ and annual report on 'Annual Gas
GSB 1 workshop, 5 training, 5 seminer Production and Consumption'.
and 2 mechinical field test has been
completed. Explosive Control and Safety Management
● Another ongoing project is ‘Identification The Department of Explosives is responsible
and Economic Assessment of the for production, import, storage, transport,
Valuable Minerals in the River Sands of
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transmission and use of hazardous substances electricity keeping in view the financial
such as explosive, gas, petroleum, flammable capability of the electricity distributors,
liquids, combustible solids, oxidising protecting the interests of the consumers and
substances and so on to ensure safety of above all, bringing financial discipline in this
public life and national property. Explosive sector.
Substances Act, examining the evidence/
giving opinion in the cases filed under the Introduction of Life-line Tariff for Poor
Quick Trial Tribunal and providing expert and Low Income Group
services to the Armed Forces are the Considering the socio-economic condition of
activities the Department provides. the poor and lower middle income
consumers, BERC has fixed the life-line tariff
Regulatory Functions in Energy Sector
for residential user at 1-50 unit of electricity.
To expedite long term development of the It remained unchanged in the latest tariff
energy sector, the Bangladesh Energy order. The electricity bill of poor and low
Regulatory Commission (BERC) is carrying income residential subscribers has remained
out activities for creating favorable unchanged for taking this step by BERC.
environment in electricity generation, energy
transmission, transportation and marketing as Benchmark Pricing System
well as for management and operation of this The commission has introduced Benchmark
sector. In addition, the BERC has been pricing system for enhancement of private
working to ensure transparency in tariff participation in the power sector. Benchmark
fixation, protect consumers’ interests and pricing is determined for other fuels such as
create competitive market. Major activities of gas, furnace oil, coal, dual fuel (gas, furnace
Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission oil) etc. This system has been introduced so
are given below: that domestic and foreign private sector can
easily participate to power generation. This is
Tariff Determination
a step which is the first in the subcontinent.
The Commission determines the wholesale
(bulk) tariff rate for electricity generation Gas Development Fund
entities /companies and retail tariff rate for To augment the financial capacity for
electricity distribution entities /companies. exploration and production of gas by the
Besides, the Commission also determines gas nationalised companies, the commission
price at consumer’s level. The Commission created ‘Gas Development Fund’ in 2009. An
determines prices after public hearing in amount of about Tk. 5,714.32 crore has been
presence of consumers, licensees and deposited to this fund up to December 2018.
stakeholders. The tariff is determined after
Creation of Electricity Maintenance and
analyzing the actual cost of past three years
Development Fund
and considering other relevant matters.
During past years, the Commission made In order to increase the efficiency and
adjustments of bulk and retail tariff rate of capability of Bangladesh BPDB, the

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commission has created ‘Electricity Establishing Transparency and

Maintenance and Development Fund’ in Accountability
2011, with the increase of 5.17 percent of The commission has taken initiative to
bulk tariff. The cumulative deposit in this introduce Uniform System of Accounts to
fund up to January 2019 is TK. 8,490 crore. prepare financial account statements in the
same standard for the transparency and
Creation of Energy Security Fund
accountability of utilities.
As the present gas reserve is depleting
rapidly, the energy security is crucial for Preservation of Consumer’s Rights
Bangladesh. To ensure the energy security The commission is working relentlessly to
and future development, the Commission has preserve the consumer’s rights. To establish
created ‘Energy Security Fund’ in 2015 by the consumer’s right BERC conduct regular
adjustment in gas tariff. An amount of Tk. outreach program, open meeting and public
8,485.36 crore has been deposited to the Fund hearing in case of fixing tariff, protecting
up to December 2018. consumer harassment and avoiding unrealistic
bill. Moreover, BERC has established pre-
Providing License
paid meter, mobile billing system and
The commission issued licenses during the introduced yearly bill clearance certificates
FY2018-19 (up to February 2019) for and so on.
different activities in the energy sector.
Among them 426 (including renewal) Energy Efficiency
licenses in the power sector, 241(including The commission has taken steps for proper
renewal) licenses in the gas sector and 332 maintenance of existing power plants,
(including renewal) licenses in the petroleum converting simple cycle power plants into
sector have been issued. combined cycle power plants, and others to
increase energy efficiency all over the
Arbitration Activities country. These steps will not only increase
Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission the electricity production but also will save
is empowered to settle disputes between primary energy.
licensees and between licensees and
consumers of the energy sector. For this Energy Auditing
reason, the commission prepared the ‘BERC Energy auditing will ensure energy efficiency
Dispute Settlement Regulations 2014’. in the energy sector by use of appropriate and
Already, the settlement of disputes under this improved technologies. Energy audit will
regulation has begun and 32 awards have provide the commission with the opportunity
been given up to February 2019 out of 50 to review and regulate the energy waste
applications. through setting standard for machineries and
instruments. For this reason, the commission
has taken the plan to conduct energy audit
related activities.

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Chapter 10-Power and Energy